Construction device and method for railway subgrade of shield underpass construction

Abstract

The application discloses a construction device and method for railway roadbed of shield underpass construction and belongs to the field of railway roadbed construction. The construction device for railway roadbed of shield underpass construction comprises a connecting frame, an adapter, a compaction mechanism, a pushing mechanism and a material supplementing mechanism. The pushing mechanism is rotationally connected to one side of the connecting frame away from a towing vehicle. The material supplementing mechanism is located above the pushing mechanism, and a discharge opening of the material supplementing mechanism is located on the outside of the pushing mechanism away from the towing vehicle. The material supplementing mechanism comprises a supporting frame, a storage tank and a discharging mechanism. The supporting frame is fixed to the top of the connecting frame, and the storage tank is fixedly arranged on the supporting frame. The bottom surface of the storage tank is arranged to be inclined, and a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the storage tank. The storage tank is provided with the discharging mechanism, and the discharging mechanism comprises a plurality of discharging mechanism units arranged in sequence along the length direction of the discharge hole. The discharging mechanism blocks the discharge hole. The material supplementing mechanism controls the material supplementing position through the discharging mechanism, so that precise material supplementing is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a construction device and method for railway subgrade construction using shield tunneling, belonging to the field of railway subgrade construction. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of urban rail transit, underground tunnels, and other infrastructure, the shield tunneling method is widely used in construction scenarios involving tunnels under existing railways, highways, and buildings due to its advantages such as minimal ground disturbance and high construction efficiency. When a shield machine passes under an existing railway, the railway subgrade usually needs to be reinforced or refilled to ensure the stability and operational safety of the railway line. Among these processes, subgrade filling is one of the key procedures, and its quality directly affects the track geometry and train operation safety.

[0003] Traditional railway subgrade filling construction typically employs a layered filling and compaction method. In practice, the fill material, after being unloaded from transport vehicles onto the work surface, often exhibits uneven distribution. To ensure the quality of subsequent compaction, workers must first manually spread and level the accumulated fill material using shovels, rakes, and other hand tools, before compaction by equipment such as road rollers. However, this method has significant drawbacks: firstly, manual spreading is inefficient, labor-intensive, and heavily reliant on operator experience, making it difficult to achieve uniform control over fill thickness and density; secondly, during the road roller's movement, insufficient fill in certain areas can easily lead to depressions or potholes, affecting compaction and potentially causing uneven track foundation settlement, thus threatening railway operational safety. Potholes in already compacted areas require secondary manual filling and re-compaction, further extending the construction period and increasing costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the existing technology, the present invention provides a construction device and method for railway subgrade construction using shield tunneling, which can improve the construction quality and efficiency of railway subgrade construction.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a construction device for railway subgrade construction using shield tunneling, comprising a connecting frame, an adapter, a compaction mechanism, a leveling mechanism, and a material replenishment mechanism; The compaction mechanism is rotatably mounted in the middle of the connecting frame, the adapter is mounted in the middle of the side of the connecting frame facing the traction vehicle, the flattening mechanism is rotatably connected to the side of the connecting frame away from the traction vehicle, the feeding mechanism is located above the flattening mechanism, the discharge port of the feeding mechanism is located on the outside of the flattening mechanism away from the traction vehicle, and the feeding mechanism feeds material along the path traversed by the compaction mechanism. The feeding mechanism includes a support frame, a storage box, and a feeding mechanism. The support frame is fixed to the top of the connecting frame, and the storage box is fixedly installed on the support frame. The bottom surface of the storage box is inclined, and a discharge hole is opened at the bottom of the storage box. The storage bin is equipped with a feeding mechanism, which includes several feeding mechanism units arranged sequentially along the length of the discharge hole. The feeding mechanism blocks the discharge hole. The feeding mechanism controls the feeding position through the feeding mechanism to achieve precise feeding. The feeding mechanism unit includes two guide rods, a baffle, and a first cylinder; One end of the baffle is located below the discharge hole. In the initial state, the discharge hole is blocked by several baffles arranged in sequence. One end of the first cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower side of the storage box away from the traction vehicle, and the other end of the first cylinder is hinged to the baffle. Two guide rods are located on both sides of the first cylinder and are fixedly connected to the storage box, and the baffle is slidably connected to the guide rods; It also includes an identification mechanism, which is located at the unloading mechanism; The identification mechanism includes a protective cover and cameras. The protective cover is fixedly connected to the side wall of the storage box. Several cameras are installed on the lower side of the protective cover away from the connecting frame. Grooves are provided on the protective cover at the positions corresponding to the first cylinder. The cameras are electrically connected to the control system. An auxiliary support plate is fixedly installed on the side of the support frame facing the feeding mechanism. The upper surface of the auxiliary support plate is a downward sloping surface. When the baffle is in the closed state, the auxiliary support plate is located below one end of the baffle and supports the baffle.

[0006] The compaction mechanism includes a bearing housing, a pressure roller, and a gear sleeve; The pressure roller is cylindrical, and its axle is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the device. Both ends of the pressure roller axle are rotatably connected to the mounting bearing seats set on the connecting frame. The toothed sleeve is fitted on the outside of the pressure roller, and the outer surface of the toothed sleeve is provided with several protruding tooth structures.

[0007] The leveling mechanism includes a swing arm, a push bucket, a hydraulic cylinder, and a protective plate; The push bucket extends along the axial direction of the pressure roller, and both sides of the push bucket are rotatably connected to the connecting frame via swing arms. One end of the hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the connecting frame, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the push bucket. A protective plate is detachably attached to the lower part of the side of the push bucket away from the connecting frame.

[0008] The feeding mechanism also includes an anti-clogging mechanism, which is installed on the support frame below the storage box; The anti-clogging mechanism includes a second cylinder and a push rod. The second cylinder is mounted on a support frame, and the telescopic end of the second cylinder is connected to the push rod. The push rod is rake-shaped, and the lower wall of the storage box is provided with a through hole for the push rod to pass through and extend into the discharge hole.

[0009] It also includes a lubrication mechanism, with each bearing housing having its own lubrication mechanism; The lubrication mechanism includes an oil tank, a cylinder, a piston, a lifting rod, a conical plate, a first spring, and cam shafts. The oil tank and cylinder are fixed on a connecting frame. The cylinder is vertically positioned above the mounting bearing seat. A piston is slidably connected inside the cylinder. The lifting rod is connected to the center of the piston top. The lifting rod passes through the upper wall of the cylinder and connects to the conical plate. A first spring connects the conical plate and the top of the cylinder. The top of the oil tank is connected to the lower part of the cylinder through an oil inlet pipe. The bottom of the cylinder is connected to the interior of the mounting bearing seat. The lower part of the oil tank is connected to the interior of the mounting bearing seat through an oil outlet pipe. Both the oil inlet pipe and the oil outlet pipe are equipped with one-way valves. Several cam shafts are arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the pressure roller end. The cam shafts will contact the conical plate during the rotation of the pressure roller.

[0010] It also includes internal balance-breaking mechanisms; The internal balance breaking mechanism includes a gantry frame, a striking rod, a connecting shaft, an extension rod, a swing arm, and a pressure shaft. The anti-blocking mechanism has a gantry frame on the side facing the connecting frame, and the gantry frame is fixed to the support frame. Several striking rods are spaced apart on the gantry frame. The striking rods are arranged in a vertical direction and are slidably connected to the gantry frame. The top of the striking rods contacts the bottom of the storage box. The bottom ends of the striking rods are connected by a connecting shaft located below the gantry frame. A second spring is connected between the connecting shaft and the gantry frame and is wound around the outside of the striking rod. Several extension rods are provided between the push rod and the connecting shaft. One end of the extension rod is connected to the push rod. A swing rod is provided on the side of the extension rod near the connecting shaft. The swing rod is rotatably connected to the bracket fixed on the support frame by a torsion spring. The end of the swing rod facing the connecting shaft is higher than the end of the swing rod facing the push rod, and the end of the swing rod rests on the upper part of the connecting shaft. A pressure shaft is provided on the side of the extension rod. The pressure shaft is in sliding contact with the bottom of the swing rod.

[0011] This invention also provides a construction method for railway subgrade under tunnel construction using a shield tunneling machine. The technical solution is as follows: a construction method for railway subgrade under tunnel construction using the aforementioned construction device for railway subgrade under tunnel construction, comprising the following steps: S1. Pre-construction preparation: Before the tunnel boring machine passes under the railway, the scope of railway subgrade reinforcement and the type of fill material are determined based on geological survey and track monitoring data; The fill material is pre-transported and laid in the area of ​​the roadbed to be reinforced to form a preliminary loose fill layer. The thickness of the preliminary loose fill layer is greater than the designed compaction thickness. The construction device is connected to the traction vehicle via an adapter, and supplementary material consistent with the roadbed filler is loaded into the storage box; S2. Start the device and begin travel operations: Start the traction vehicle and drive the construction equipment to move forward at a constant speed along the railway line; Control the hydraulic cylinder to lower the bucket and bring it into contact with the ground, thus entering the working state; The pressure rollers rotate as the device moves, compacting the leveled area multiple times. During multiple compaction processes, the camera captures real-time images of the roadbed surface in front of the compaction roller and transmits them to the control system; S3. Real-time identification of areas with missing filler: The control system uses camera image analysis to identify whether there are depressions, pits, or insufficient fill areas on the compaction path; If a missing filler is detected at a certain location, the corresponding feeding mechanism for that area will be located. S4. Automatic and precise material replenishment: The control system issues a command to drive the first cylinder at the corresponding position to extend, which in turn causes the baffle to slide away from the discharge hole, thus opening the discharge hole. Under the influence of gravity, the filler in the storage bin flows from the inclined bottom surface to the discharge hole and falls into the area where the filler is missing. After the material replenishment is completed, the first cylinder retracts, the baffle returns to its original position, and the discharge hole is closed. If the discharge hole is blocked, the control system will simultaneously activate the anti-blocking mechanism: the second cylinder will repeatedly extend and retract, driving the push rod to move back and forth, loosening the blocked material and ensuring smooth discharge; S5. Leveling and secondary compaction: The newly added packing material is leveled by the advancing pusher buckets to make it flush with the surrounding packing material; The area is then compacted by a roller, and the toothed structure of the toothed sleeve penetrates the soil to enhance the deep compaction effect. S6. Adaptive lubrication system: During the rotation of the pressure roller, the convex shaft on its inner wall periodically contacts the conical plate, triggering the lubrication mechanism to work; The reciprocating motion of the piston pumps lubricating oil from the oil tank through a one-way valve into the bearing housing, forming a dynamic oil film and reducing bearing friction and wear. S7. Construction Completion and Acceptance: After the device completes the work on the entire roadbed section, it stops operating, raises the bucket, and removes it from the ground. The compacted roadbed was tested for elevation, flatness, and density.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The present invention uses a construction device with a special structural design for railway subgrade construction, which can effectively improve the quality and efficiency of railway subgrade construction and ensure the stability and operational safety of the railway line when the tunnel boring machine passes under the existing railway. (2) The construction device of the present invention flattens the fill material through the flattening mechanism, which makes the fill material spread evenly and can prepare for subsequent compaction, reduce the labor intensity of workers, improve work efficiency, and when there is insufficient fill material, the material can be replenished in time through the material replenishing mechanism to improve the compaction quality and further improve work efficiency. (3) The camera can identify the location of insufficient packing. By controlling the corresponding first cylinder to open the corresponding baffle, the packing can be accurately replenished. Through the lubrication mechanism, oil can be automatically supplied to the mounting bearing seat during the rotation of the pressure roller, so that an oil film is formed between the mounting bearing seat and the pressure roller shaft, reducing the friction of the pressure roller rotation and realizing adaptive oil supply. Through the internal balance destruction mechanism and anti-blocking mechanism, the packing in the feeding mechanism can be effectively discharged smoothly, ensuring reliable feeding.

[0013] In summary, this invention can detect the lack of filler material in real time during the compaction process and automatically replenish the filler material, which can effectively improve construction efficiency and the quality of roadbed construction. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram from another perspective of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the compaction mechanism and the leveling mechanism in this invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the feeding mechanism in this invention.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the feeding mechanism unit in this invention.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the anti-clogging mechanism in this invention.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the identification mechanism in this invention.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lubrication mechanism in this invention.

[0022] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A sectional view.

[0023] Figure 10 for Figure 9 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle.

[0024] Figure 11 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the internal balance breaking mechanism in this invention.

[0025] Figure 12 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the extension rod, swing rod, and pressure shaft in this invention.

[0026] The reference numerals in the diagram are as follows: 1. Connecting frame; 2. Adapter; 3. Compacting mechanism; 31. Mounting bearing seat; 32. Pressure roller; 33. Gear sleeve; 4. Leveling mechanism; 41. Swing arm; 42. Push bucket; 43. Hydraulic cylinder; 44. Protective plate; 5. Feeding mechanism; 51. Support frame; 52. Storage box; 53. Discharge mechanism; 531. Guide rod; 532. Baffle; 533. First cylinder; 54. Anti-blocking mechanism; 541. Second cylinder; 542. Push rod; 6. 61. Identification mechanism; 62. Protective cover; 63. Groove; 7. Camera; 74. Lubrication mechanism; 75. Oil tank; 76. Oil inlet pipe; 77. Oil outlet pipe; 78. Cylinder; 79. Piston; 80. Lifting rod; 71. Conical plate; 82. First spring; 83. Convex shaft; 84. Internal balance breaking mechanism; 85. Portal frame; 86. Striking rod; 87. Second spring; 88. Connecting shaft; 99. Extension rod; 100. Swing rod; 110. Pressure shaft; 12. Auxiliary support plate. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through non-limiting embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0028] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "front," "rear," "left," and "right" are used interchangeably. The orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner", and "outer" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and is only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention and simplifying the description. It is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or positional relationship, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] This invention discloses a construction device for tunneling railway subgrades using a shield tunneling method, such as... Figures 1-5As shown, the device includes a connecting frame 1, an adapter 2, a compaction mechanism 3, a leveling mechanism 4, and a feeding mechanism 5. The connecting frame 1 is used to connect with a traction vehicle, allowing the device to operate by moving the vehicle. The adapter 2 is located on the center side of the connecting frame 1 facing the traction vehicle, enabling the connection between the device and the traction vehicle. The compaction mechanism 3, the leveling mechanism 4, and the feeding mechanism 5 are all mounted on the connecting frame 1.

[0030] The compaction mechanism 3 is rotatably installed in the middle of the connecting frame 1. The compaction mechanism 3 compacts the roadbed fill material by rotating the roller.

[0031] As attached Figure 3 As shown, the compaction mechanism in this application preferably adopts the following structure. The compaction mechanism 3 includes a pressure roller 32, which is cylindrical. A wheel axle is located at the center of the pressure roller 32, and the axial direction of the wheel axle is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the device. Both ends of the wheel axle of the pressure roller 32 are rotatably connected to mounting bearing seats 31, and the mounting bearing seats 31 on both sides are fixedly connected to the connecting frame 1 by bolts. A toothed sleeve 33 is provided on the annular outer surface of the pressure roller 32, and the annular outer surface of the toothed sleeve 33 has several protruding teeth.

[0032] During the movement of the equipment, the pressure roller 32 rotates, and the pressure roller 32 and the toothed sleeve 33 compact the fill material. Due to the action of the toothed sleeve 33, its teeth penetrate the soil, destroy the soil structure, and increase the deep compaction.

[0033] A leveling mechanism 4 is connected to the side of the connecting frame 1 away from the traction vehicle. The leveling mechanism 4 is used to level the filler. During the leveling and compaction process, the leveling mechanism 4 contacts the ground. During the movement of the equipment, the leveling mechanism 4 is separated from the ground.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the leveling mechanism in this application preferably adopts the following structure. The leveling mechanism 4 includes a push bucket 42, which extends along the axial direction of the pressure roller. The middle part of the push bucket 42 is connected to the connecting frame 1 via a hydraulic cylinder 43. One end of the hydraulic cylinder 43 is rotatably connected to the connecting frame 1, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder 43 is rotatably connected to the middle part of the push bucket 42. By controlling the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder 43, the push bucket 42 can swing up and down: during operation, the hydraulic cylinder 43 makes the push bucket 42 contact the ground to level the filler; during non-operation, the hydraulic cylinder 43 raises the push bucket 42, preventing it from contacting the ground, thus facilitating the movement of the entire device. Both ends of the push bucket 42 are rotatably connected to the connecting frame 1 via swing arms 41, which limit the up and down swing of the connecting frame 1. A protective plate 44 is provided on the bottom side of the push bucket 42 away from the connecting frame. During the process of pushing the packing, the push bucket 42 needs to come into contact with the ground, which can easily cause damage to the contact area between the push bucket 42 and the ground due to friction. By setting up the protective plate 44, the push bucket 42 can be protected. The protective plate 44 can be replaced after it is damaged.

[0035] A feeding mechanism 5 is connected to the top of the side of the connecting frame 1 away from the traction vehicle. The feeding mechanism 5 is located above the leveling mechanism 4, and the discharge port of the feeding mechanism 5 is located on the outer side of the leveling mechanism 4 away from the traction vehicle. The feeding mechanism 5 is used to replenish materials to pits and missing filler areas along the path traversed by the compaction mechanism 3.

[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, the feeding mechanism 5 includes a support frame 51, a storage box 52, and a feeding mechanism 53. The support frame 51 is fixed to the top of the connecting frame 1 by bolts, and the storage box 52 is fixed to the support frame 51 by bolts. The bottom of the storage box 52 has a discharge hole, and the bottom surface of the storage box 52 is an inclined surface sloping towards the discharge hole. The feeding mechanism 53 is located at the discharge hole and is connected to the body of the storage box 52. The feeding mechanism 53 includes feeding mechanism units arranged sequentially along the length of several discharge holes, and can seal the discharge holes. The feeding mechanism 53 can also control the feeding position: by opening the corresponding feeding mechanism unit, feeding can be achieved at different positions, thereby controlling the feeding position and achieving precise feeding.

[0037] As attached Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 As shown, the feeding mechanism 53 in this application preferably adopts the following structure. The feeding mechanism unit includes a baffle 532, which is disposed on the outer side of the support frame 51 away from the traction vehicle. One end of the baffle 532 is located below the discharge hole. The top surface of the other end of the baffle 532 is provided with two guide rods 531 and a first cylinder 533. One end of the first cylinder 533 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the storage box 52, and the other end of the first cylinder 533 is hinged to the baffle 532. Two guide rods 531 are respectively provided on both sides of the first cylinder 533, and the guide rods 531 are arranged parallel to the axis of the first cylinder 533. One end of the guide rod 531 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the storage box 52, and the guide rod 531 is slidably connected to the baffle 532. In this embodiment, the baffle 532 is fixed with a second connecting frame, and the second connecting frame is slidably connected to the guide rod 531. The movement of the baffle 532 can be guided by the guide rod 531.

[0038] When replenishment is needed, the first cylinder 533 above the replenishment position extends, causing the baffle 532 to move away from the discharge hole. At this time, the discharge hole corresponding to the baffle 532 opens, and the filler in the storage box 52 falls to the replenishment position for replenishment. After replenishment is completed, the first cylinder 533 retracts, causing the baffle 532 to return to its original position below the discharge hole, re-blocking the discharge hole.

[0039] To prevent the packing material from clogging the discharge hole, an anti-clogging mechanism 54 is also provided on the support frame 51 near the discharge hole of the storage box. For example... Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the anti-clogging mechanism 54 is mounted on the support frame 51 below the storage bin 52. There is a certain space between the bottom of the storage bin 52 and the top surface of the support frame 51. The anti-clogging mechanism 54 includes several second cylinders 541 and push rods 542. The cylinder bodies of the second cylinders 541 are all bolted to the support frame 51. The telescopic ends of the second cylinders 541 are connected to the push rods 542. The push rods 542 are rake-shaped. The lower wall of the storage bin 52 has a through hole for the push rods 542 to pass through and extend into the discharge hole. The push rods 542 can be moved by the second cylinders 541.

[0040] When the discharge hole becomes blocked, the second cylinder 541 is controlled to extend and retract continuously, driving the push rod 542 to move back and forth repeatedly, so that the packing at the discharge hole is loosened and the discharge hole is no longer blocked. After the blockage is resolved, the second cylinder 541 is controlled to stop working after the push rod 542 is reset.

[0041] When using the device described in this application: First, connect the device to a traction vehicle via adapter 2. Then, move the device using the traction vehicle. After the filler is laid, the traction vehicle moves the device to the filler location and simultaneously adds filler to the feeding mechanism 5. The compaction mechanism 3 then compacts the filler. Before compaction, the leveling mechanism 4 levels the filler. At locations with insufficient filler, the corresponding feeding mechanism unit above it is opened, allowing the filler in the feeding mechanism 5 to fall into the insufficient position, replenishing the filler. Then, leveling and compaction are performed. Before compaction, the leveling mechanism 4 levels the filler, preparing it for subsequent compaction, reducing the labor intensity of workers and improving work efficiency. When encountering insufficient filler, the feeding mechanism 5 adds filler, improving the compaction quality and further increasing work efficiency.

[0042] like Figure 7 As shown, to facilitate the identification of insufficient filler locations and the replenishment of filler, a further preferred embodiment is to install an identification mechanism 6 at the feeding mechanism 53. The identification mechanism 6 includes a protective cover 61, which is fixedly installed on the side wall of the storage box 52 away from the connecting frame. Several cameras 63 are spaced apart on the lower part of the side of the protective cover 61 away from the connecting frame, and the cameras 63 are electrically connected to the control system. Simultaneously, grooves 62 are provided on the protective cover 61 at positions corresponding to the first cylinder 533 to provide space for the extension and retraction of the cylinder.

[0043] During the movement of the device, when the camera 63 detects a location with insufficient packing, the control system controls the corresponding first cylinder 533 to extend and open the corresponding baffle 532, thereby replenishing the packing and facilitating the replenishment process. In this embodiment, the transmission of images acquired by the camera to the control system, and the image analysis and recognition performed by the control system based on the images acquired by the camera, all employ existing technologies.

[0044] In this application, the fill material used for railway subgrade typically consists of a mixture of sand and clay, with larger sand particles and finer clay particles. The sand content is higher than the clay content, thus minimizing dust generation during the process of the fill material falling from the feeding mechanism to the ground. Consequently, the fill material falling through the discharge port generates virtually no dust, thus not affecting the camera's recognition accuracy. Furthermore, after the fill material falls into the subgrade area, it is successively leveled by the pusher bucket of the leveling mechanism and compacted by the compaction roller of the compaction mechanism. Because the equipment operates at a very slow speed, typically 0.5-1 m / s, virtually no dust is generated during the leveling contact between the pusher bucket and the fill material, or during the compaction contact between the compaction roller and the fill material. Any small amount of dust generated dissipates quickly, having minimal impact on camera clarity.

[0045] like Figures 8 to 10 As shown, the device also includes a lubrication mechanism 7, with each bearing housing 31 corresponding to a lubrication mechanism 7. The lubrication mechanism 7 includes an oil tank 71, a cylinder 74, a piston 75, a lifting rod 76, a tapered plate 77, a first spring 78, and a cam shaft 79. The oil tank 71 and the cylinder 74 are both fixed on the connecting frame 1. The cylinder 74 is vertically positioned above the bearing housing 31. The piston 75 is slidably connected inside the cylinder 74. The lifting rod 76 is connected to the center of the top of the piston 75. The lifting rod 76 passes through the upper wall of the cylinder 74 and connects to the tapered plate 77. The first spring 78 is connected between the tapered plate 77 and the top of the cylinder 74.

[0046] The top of the oil tank 71 is connected to the lower part of the cylinder block 74 via the oil inlet pipe 72. The bottom of the cylinder block 74 is connected to the interior of the bearing mounting seat 31. The lower part of the oil tank 71 is connected to the interior of the bearing mounting seat 31 via the oil outlet pipe 73. Both the oil inlet pipe 72 and the oil outlet pipe 73 are equipped with one-way valves. The oil tank 71, oil inlet pipe 72, cylinder block 74, bearing mounting seat 31, and oil outlet pipe 73 form a flow circuit.

[0047] Multiple convex shafts 79 are arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the end of the pressure roller 32. These convex shafts 79 contact the tip of the conical plate 77 as the pressure roller 32 rotates. When the convex shafts 79 contact the conical plate 77 during rotation, the conical plate 77 pushes the lifting rod 76 towards the bearing housing, compressing the first spring 78 and simultaneously moving the piston 75 downwards. Oil from the cylinder 74 enters the bearing housing 31, forming an oil film between the bearing housing 31 and the axle of the pressure roller 32, reducing friction during the rotation of the pressure roller 32. The oil in the bearing housing 31 returns to the oil tank 71 through the oil outlet pipe 73. When the convex shafts 79 rotate away from the conical plate 77, the first spring 78 resets, causing the piston 75 to move upwards, allowing oil from the oil tank 71 to be drawn back into the cylinder 74 through the oil inlet pipe 72 for future use. This lubrication mechanism can achieve adaptive oil supply, which can effectively reduce bearing friction and wear, extend equipment service life, and ensure reliability for long-term continuous operation.

[0048] To facilitate better discharging of the filler within the storage tank 52, this application also includes an internal balancing mechanism 8 mounted on the support frame 51, which continuously taps the bottom of the storage tank 52. Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the internal balance breaking mechanism 8 includes a gantry frame 81, a striking rod 82, a connecting shaft 84, an extension rod 85, a swing rod 86, and a pressure shaft 87. The gantry frame 81 is located on the outside of the anti-blocking mechanism 54 facing the connecting frame and is fixed on the support frame 51. The gantry frame 81 extends along the length direction of the discharge hole.

[0049] A plurality of striking rods 82 are spaced apart on the gantry frame 81. The striking rods 82 are arranged vertically and are slidably connected to the gantry frame 81. In the initial state, the top of the striking rod 82 can contact the bottom surface of the storage box 52. The bottoms of the plurality of striking rods 82 are connected by a connecting shaft 84. A second spring 83 is provided between the connecting shaft 84 and the striking rod 82, and the second spring 83 is wound around the annular outer side of the striking rod 82.

[0050] Several extension rods 85 are provided between the connecting shaft 84 and the push rod 542, with one end of each extension rod 85 connected to the push rod 542. A rocker arm 86 is provided on the side of the extension rod 85 facing the connecting shaft 84. The rocker arm 86 is rotatably connected to a bracket fixed to the support frame 51 via a torsion spring. The rocker arm 86 is inclined, with its end facing the connecting shaft 84 higher than its end facing the push rod 542. The end of the rocker arm 86 facing the connecting shaft 84 rests above the connecting shaft 84, and the end of the rocker arm 86 facing the push rod 532 has a rounded corner.

[0051] A pressure shaft 87 is fixedly mounted on the side of the extension rod 85, and the pressure shaft 87 is in sliding contact with the bottom of the swing rod 86. When the push rod 542 moves towards the discharge hole, it drives the extension rod 85 to move in the same direction. The pressure shaft 87 on the extension rod 85 gradually pushes the swing rod 86 toward the end of the push rod. At this time, the swing rod 86 swings downward toward the end of the connecting shaft, generating downward pressure on the connecting shaft 84 and the striking rod 82, and the second spring 83 is stretched. When the pressure shaft 87 moves to disengage from the swing rod 86, the swing rod 86 automatically resets under the elastic force of the torsion spring. At this time, the downward pressure acting on the connecting shaft 84 and the striking rod 82 disappears, the second spring 83 resets, and drives the connecting shaft 84 and the striking rod 82 to move upward and reset, striking the bottom surface of the storage box 52, thereby breaking the material balance in the storage box 52, so that the material in the storage box 52 can be discharged better.

[0052] When the push rod 542 drives the extension rod 85 to move and reset towards the connecting shaft 84, the pressure shaft 87 contacts the end of the swing rod 86. Since the end of the swing rod 86 is chamfered, the pressure shaft 87 can return to the bottom of the swing rod 86 for the next use.

[0053] As attached Figure 2 and attached Figure 11 As shown, an auxiliary support plate 9 is fixedly installed on the side of the support frame 51 facing the feeding mechanism, which protects the baffle 532. The upper surface of the auxiliary support plate 9 is a downward sloping surface. When the baffle 532 is in the closed state, the end of the baffle 532 is located above the sloping surface of the auxiliary support plate 9. When the baffle 532 is in the closed state, the auxiliary support plate 9 supports the baffle 532, shares the weight of the baffle 532, and protects the baffle 532.

[0054] A construction method for railway subgrade for shield tunneling construction, which uses the aforementioned construction device for railway subgrade for shield tunneling construction, includes the following steps.

[0055] S1. Pre-construction preparations.

[0056] Before the tunnel boring machine passes under the railway, the scope of railway subgrade reinforcement and the type of fill material are determined based on geological survey and track monitoring data; The fill material is pre-transported and laid in the area of ​​the roadbed to be reinforced to form a preliminary loose fill layer with a thickness slightly greater than the designed compaction thickness. The construction device is connected to the traction vehicle via adapter 2, and supplementary material consistent with the roadbed filler is loaded into the storage box 52.

[0057] S2. Start the device and begin the travel operation.

[0058] Start the traction vehicle and drive the construction equipment to move forward at a constant speed along the railway line; The hydraulic cylinder 43 is controlled to move, causing the bucket 42 to descend and contact the ground, thus entering the working state; The pressure roller 32 rotates as the device moves, compacting the leveled area multiple times. During multiple compaction processes, camera 63 collects real-time images of the roadbed surface in front of roller 32 and transmits them to the control system.

[0059] S3. Real-time identification of areas lacking filler.

[0060] The control system analyzes images from camera 63 to identify areas with depressions, pits, or insufficient filler along the compaction path. If a missing filler is detected at a certain location, the corresponding feeding mechanism 53 for that area is located.

[0061] S4. Automatic and precise material replenishment.

[0062] The control system issues a command to drive the first cylinder 533 at the corresponding position to extend, causing the baffle 532 to slide and open the discharge hole at this location; The filler in the storage bin 52 flows to the discharge hole through the inclined bottom surface under the action of gravity and falls into the area where the filler is missing; After the material replenishment is completed, the first cylinder 533 retracts, the baffle 532 resets, and the discharge hole is closed to prevent material leakage. If the discharge hole becomes blocked, the control system will simultaneously activate the anti-blocking mechanism 54: the second cylinder 541 will repeatedly extend and retract, driving the push rod 542 to move left and right to loosen the blocked material and ensure smooth discharge.

[0063] S5. Leveling and secondary compaction.

[0064] The newly added packing material is leveled by the subsequently moving push bucket 42, making it flush with the surrounding packing material; The area is then compacted by the pressure roller 32, and the tooth structure of the toothed sleeve 33 penetrates the soil to enhance the deep compaction effect. The entire process completes a closed loop of "identification - material replenishment - leveling - compaction" in a single pass, eliminating the need for rework.

[0065] S6. Adaptive lubrication system.

[0066] During the rotation of the pressure roller 32, the convex shaft 79 on its inner wall periodically contacts the conical plate 77, triggering the lubrication mechanism 7 to work; The reciprocating motion of piston 75 pumps lubricating oil from oil tank 71 into bearing housing 31 through a one-way valve, forming a dynamic oil film. This effectively reduces bearing friction and wear, extends equipment service life, and ensures reliable continuous operation over long periods.

[0067] S7. Construction completion and acceptance.

[0068] After the device completes the work on the entire roadbed, it stops operating, raises the push bucket 42, and removes it from the ground. The compacted roadbed was tested for elevation, flatness, and density.

[0069] The other parts in this embodiment are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

Claims

1. A construction device for tunneling railway subgrades using a shield tunneling method, characterized in that: Includes connecting frame, adapter, compaction mechanism, leveling mechanism, and feeding mechanism; The compaction mechanism is rotatably mounted in the middle of the connecting frame, the adapter is mounted in the middle of the side of the connecting frame facing the traction vehicle, the flattening mechanism is rotatably connected to the side of the connecting frame away from the traction vehicle, the feeding mechanism is located above the flattening mechanism, the discharge port of the feeding mechanism is located on the outside of the flattening mechanism away from the traction vehicle, and the feeding mechanism feeds material along the path traversed by the compaction mechanism. The feeding mechanism includes a support frame, a storage box, and a feeding mechanism. The support frame is fixed to the top of the connecting frame, and the storage box is fixedly installed on the support frame. The bottom surface of the storage box is inclined, and a discharge hole is opened at the bottom of the storage box. The storage bin is equipped with a feeding mechanism, which includes several feeding mechanism units arranged sequentially along the length of the discharge hole. The feeding mechanism blocks the discharge hole. The feeding mechanism controls the feeding position through the feeding mechanism to achieve precise feeding. The feeding mechanism unit includes two guide rods, a baffle, and a first cylinder; One end of the baffle is located below the discharge hole. In the initial state, the discharge hole is blocked by several baffles arranged in sequence. One end of the first cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower side of the storage box away from the traction vehicle, and the other end of the first cylinder is hinged to the baffle. Two guide rods are located on both sides of the first cylinder and are fixedly connected to the storage box, and the baffle is slidably connected to the guide rods; It also includes an identification mechanism, which is located at the unloading mechanism; The identification mechanism includes a protective cover and cameras. The protective cover is fixedly connected to the side wall of the storage box. Several cameras are installed on the lower side of the protective cover away from the connecting frame. Grooves are provided on the protective cover at the positions corresponding to the first cylinder. The cameras are electrically connected to the control system. An auxiliary support plate is fixedly installed on the side of the support frame facing the feeding mechanism. The upper surface of the auxiliary support plate is a downward sloping surface. When the baffle is in the closed state, the auxiliary support plate is located below one end of the baffle and supports the baffle.

2. The construction device for railway subgrade tunneling under shield tunneling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The compaction mechanism includes a bearing housing, a pressure roller, and a gear sleeve; The pressure roller is cylindrical, and its axle is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the device. Both ends of the pressure roller axle are rotatably connected to the mounting bearing seats set on the connecting frame. The toothed sleeve is fitted on the outside of the pressure roller, and the outer surface of the toothed sleeve is provided with several protruding tooth structures.

3. A construction device for railway subgrade tunneling using shield tunneling, as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The leveling mechanism includes a swing arm, a push bucket, a hydraulic cylinder, and a protective plate; The push bucket extends along the axial direction of the pressure roller, and both sides of the push bucket are rotatably connected to the connecting frame via swing arms. One end of the hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the connecting frame, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the push bucket. A protective plate is detachably attached to the lower part of the side of the push bucket away from the connecting frame.

4. A construction device for railway subgrade tunneling under a shield tunnel, as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism also includes an anti-clogging mechanism, which is installed on the support frame below the storage box; The anti-clogging mechanism includes a second cylinder and a push rod. The second cylinder is mounted on a support frame, and the telescopic end of the second cylinder is connected to the push rod. The push rod is rake-shaped, and the lower wall of the storage box is provided with a through hole for the push rod to pass through and extend into the discharge hole.

5. A construction device for railway subgrade tunneling using shield tunneling, as described in claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a lubrication mechanism, with each bearing housing having its own lubrication mechanism; The lubrication mechanism includes an oil tank, a cylinder, a piston, a lifting rod, a conical plate, a first spring, and cam shafts. The oil tank and cylinder are fixed on a connecting frame. The cylinder is vertically positioned above the mounting bearing seat. A piston is slidably connected inside the cylinder. The lifting rod is connected to the center of the piston top. The lifting rod passes through the upper wall of the cylinder and connects to the conical plate. A first spring connects the conical plate and the top of the cylinder. The top of the oil tank is connected to the lower part of the cylinder through an oil inlet pipe. The bottom of the cylinder is connected to the interior of the mounting bearing seat. The lower part of the oil tank is connected to the interior of the mounting bearing seat through an oil outlet pipe. Both the oil inlet pipe and the oil outlet pipe are equipped with one-way valves. Several cam shafts are arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the pressure roller end. The cam shafts will contact the conical plate during the rotation of the pressure roller.

6. A construction device for railway subgrade tunneling using shield tunneling, as described in claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes internal balance-breaking mechanisms; The internal balance breaking mechanism includes a gantry frame, a striking rod, a connecting shaft, an extension rod, a swing arm, and a pressure shaft. The anti-blocking mechanism has a gantry frame on the side facing the connecting frame, and the gantry frame is fixed to the support frame. Several striking rods are spaced apart on the gantry frame. The striking rods are arranged in a vertical direction and are slidably connected to the gantry frame. The top of the striking rods contacts the bottom of the storage box. The bottom ends of the striking rods are connected by a connecting shaft located below the gantry frame. A second spring is connected between the connecting shaft and the gantry frame and is wound around the outside of the striking rod. Several extension rods are provided between the push rod and the connecting shaft. One end of the extension rod is connected to the push rod. A swing rod is provided on the side of the extension rod near the connecting shaft. The swing rod is rotatably connected to the bracket fixed on the support frame by a torsion spring. The end of the swing rod facing the connecting shaft is higher than the end of the swing rod facing the push rod, and the end of the swing rod rests on the upper part of the connecting shaft. A pressure shaft is provided on the side of the extension rod. The pressure shaft is in sliding contact with the bottom of the swing rod.

7. A construction method for railway subgrade used in shield tunneling construction, characterized in that: The construction using the construction device for shield tunneling of railway subgrade as described in claim 5 includes the following steps: S1. Pre-construction preparation: Before the tunnel boring machine passes under the railway, the scope of railway subgrade reinforcement and the type of fill material are determined based on geological survey and track monitoring data; The fill material is pre-transported and laid in the area of ​​the roadbed to be reinforced to form a preliminary loose fill layer. The thickness of the preliminary loose fill layer is greater than the designed compaction thickness. The construction device is connected to the traction vehicle via an adapter, and supplementary material consistent with the roadbed filler is loaded into the storage box; S2. Start the device and begin travel operations: Start the traction vehicle and drive the construction equipment to move forward at a constant speed along the railway line; Control the hydraulic cylinder to lower the bucket and bring it into contact with the ground, thus entering the working state; The pressure rollers rotate as the device moves, compacting the leveled area multiple times. During multiple compaction processes, the camera captures real-time images of the roadbed surface in front of the compaction roller and transmits them to the control system; S3. Real-time identification of areas with missing filler: The control system uses camera image analysis to identify whether there are depressions, pits, or insufficient fill areas on the compaction path; If a missing filler is detected at a certain location, the corresponding feeding mechanism for that area will be located. S4. Automatic and precise material replenishment: The control system issues a command to drive the first cylinder at the corresponding position to extend, which in turn causes the baffle to slide away from the discharge hole, thus opening the discharge hole. Under the influence of gravity, the filler in the storage bin flows from the inclined bottom surface to the discharge hole and falls into the area where the filler is missing. After the material replenishment is completed, the first cylinder retracts, the baffle returns to its original position, and the discharge hole is closed. If the discharge hole is blocked, the control system will simultaneously activate the anti-blocking mechanism: the second cylinder will repeatedly extend and retract, driving the push rod to move back and forth, loosening the blocked material and ensuring smooth discharge; S5. Leveling and secondary compaction: The newly added packing material is leveled by the advancing pusher buckets to make it flush with the surrounding packing material; The area is then compacted by a roller, and the toothed structure of the toothed sleeve penetrates the soil to enhance the deep compaction effect. S6. Adaptive lubrication system: During the rotation of the pressure roller, the convex shaft on its inner wall periodically contacts the conical plate, triggering the lubrication mechanism to work; The reciprocating motion of the piston pumps lubricating oil from the oil tank through a one-way valve into the bearing housing, forming a dynamic oil film and reducing bearing friction and wear. S7. Construction Completion and Acceptance: After the device completes the work on the entire roadbed section, it stops operating, raises the bucket, and removes it from the ground. The compacted roadbed was tested for elevation, flatness, and density.

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