A prefabricated adhesive ecological restoration structure for high and steep rock slope and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a prefabricated adhesive ecological restoration structure for high and steep rock slope and a construction method, and belongs to the technical field of rock slope ecological restoration. The ecological restoration structure comprises prefabricated lightweight blocks, a rock slope surface, an adhesive material layer and a strong-attachment soil matrix. The prefabricated lightweight blocks are arranged in an array mode and are directly fixed to the rock slope surface through the adhesive material layer. A plurality of adjacent prefabricated lightweight blocks enclose a plurality of interconnected soil storage units for bearing the sprayed strong-attachment soil matrix. The prefabricated lightweight blocks are prepared by using an organic-inorganic composite cementing system, and the traditional mechanical anchoring is replaced by adhesion. The prefabricated lightweight blocks can be stably fixed to the sprayed matrix of the high and steep rock slope without drilling, planting a reinforcing bar and hanging a net. The prefabricated lightweight blocks have a certain toughness and can buffer local impact, thereby improving the structural stability. Three array arrangement modes, i.e., a plum-blossom-shaped mode, a rhombic grid mode and a honeycomb-shaped mode, are provided, and the modes can be flexibly selected according to the gradient condition of the rock slope surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration technology for rock slopes, and in particular to a prefabricated adhesive ecological restoration structure and construction method for steep rock slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Steep rock slopes are mostly formed by human engineering activities such as mining and construction. Their exposed rocks and steep slopes severely damage the ecosystem, affecting the harmony of the regional landscape. Furthermore, the long-term exposure of the rocks on the slopes makes them prone to weathering and falling, posing a potential disaster hazard.

[0003] Currently, soil hydroseeding is one of the mainstream methods for ecological restoration of steep rock slopes. It involves spraying a soil matrix containing plant seeds onto the rock slope to achieve slope greening and ecological restoration. However, steep rock slopes are smooth and have poor adhesion. The hydroseeded soil matrix does not bond tightly to the rock surface, making it highly susceptible to soil slippage and erosion under gravity and rainwater erosion. This can lead to ecological restoration failure or even the collapse of the entire restored structure. Therefore, direct soil hydroseeding is not suitable for steep rock slopes.

[0004] To overcome the above problems, existing technologies mainly use auxiliary structures such as rebar meshing, concrete frame fixing, hollow brick paving, and integrated installation of soil storage devices to fix the topsoil. However, these technologies generally have the following drawbacks: First, they are complex to construct, involve a large amount of work, and are costly. Furthermore, their adhesion to the rock surface is not stable enough, making them unsuitable for steep rock slopes. Second, the auxiliary soil stabilization structures are too heavy, and the increased number of anchoring structures increases the load on the slope. On steep rock surfaces, this presents challenges such as difficulty in hoisting and high risks associated with manual installation. Third, although flexible protection units have a certain deformation capacity, they mainly rely on the anchoring system for support and cannot directly form a stable rigid retaining frame. In the early stages of hydroseeding, they are still prone to local bulging and soil slippage. Fourth, existing technologies all require the mechanical anchoring system to bear the load for a long time. During construction, a large amount of drilling, anchoring, and welding work is required, which disturbs the intact rock mass. Moreover, the risks of anchor corrosion, borehole seepage, and local instability are high in the later stages, which is not conducive to long-term ecological restoration.

[0005] In summary, how to achieve stable fixation of the sprayed substrate on steep rock slopes without drilling, rebar installation, hook mesh, or steel structure support, while also ensuring lightweight structure, ease of construction, and long-term durability, is a long-standing and unsolved technical problem in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure and construction method for steep rock slopes, which solves the technical problems of easy soil slippage after soil spraying, complex construction of soil storage structures, and high cost in the existing ecological restoration of steep rock slopes.

[0007] This invention provides a prefabricated adhesive ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes, comprising prefabricated lightweight blocks, an adhesive material layer, and a strongly adhering soil matrix. Multiple prefabricated lightweight blocks are arranged in an array and directly bonded to the rock slope surface through the adhesive material layer. Adjacent prefabricated lightweight blocks enclose each other to form several interconnected soil storage units, which are used to support the strongly adhering soil matrix sprayed onto the slope. Multiple soil storage units are connected end to end to form a continuous soil storage network.

[0008] The bottom surface of the precast lightweight block has a right-angled trapezoidal cross-section and serves as the bonding surface for bonding with the rock slope. The precast lightweight block is made by mixing and pressing a strong bonding organic material, inorganic filler, and ceramsite. The mass ratio of the strong bonding organic material to the inorganic filler is 1:1.5, and the mass ratio of the cementitious mixture made of the strong bonding organic material and inorganic filler to the ceramsite is 1:1. The particle size of the ceramsite is 1~2cm.

[0009] The right-angled trapezoidal right-angled side of the prefabricated lightweight block is perpendicular to the slope at the top and the hypotenuse is downward; the adhesive material layer is made of strong adhesive organic material and inorganic filler mixed in a mass ratio of 1:3, and the coating thickness is 3~5mm.

[0010] The strongly adhering soil matrix comprises soil-stabilizing materials composed of modified cellulose and polyacrylamide, and clay, wherein the ratio of modified cellulose to polyacrylamide is 1:0.2~0.5, accounting for 5~8% of the total soil weight.

[0011] This invention also provides a construction method for a prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes, used for constructing the aforementioned prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes, specifically including:

[0012] S1. Prepare precast lightweight blocks: Weigh strong-bonding organic materials and inorganic fillers at a mass ratio of 1:1.5, and stir evenly to prepare a gel-gel mixture; add ceramsite with a particle size of 1~2cm at a mass ratio of 1:1 between the gel-gel mixture and the ceramsite, and continue stirring to make the gel-gel mixture evenly coat the surface of the ceramsite; pour the mixture into a pre-set mold and shape it using a pressing process; after curing, demold and cure at room temperature for 7~7.5 days.

[0013] S2. Prepare the adhesive material layer by weighing and mixing strong adhesive organic material and inorganic filler at a mass ratio of 1:3 to obtain the adhesive material layer.

[0014] S3. Pre-treat the rock slope surface by removing loose stones, debris and dust; fill and repair cracks wider than 2mm with an adhesive layer, compact and smooth them, and then cure at room temperature for 24-25 hours.

[0015] S4. Bonding and Layout of Precast Lightweight Blocks: On the pretreated rock slope, mark the bonding positions according to the preset array arrangement; evenly coat the bottom surface of the precast lightweight blocks with an adhesive material layer, with a coating thickness of 3-5mm; press the precast lightweight blocks onto the rock slope according to the design position, ensuring full contact between the bonding surface and the rock surface and applying appropriate pressure, adjusting and squeezing out excess adhesive material to ensure no obvious gaps between the precast lightweight blocks and the rock surface to form an adhesive layer; the bonding construction sequence is carried out in sections from top to bottom and from left to right.

[0016] S5. Spraying with strong-adhesion soil matrix: After the bonding layer reaches the preset strength, spray the strong-adhesion soil matrix on the entire slope. The spraying thickness is controlled at 10~18cm, and the surface spraying thickness is 1~2cm. Spray in layers and multiple times to ensure that the strong-adhesion soil matrix fully fills each soil storage unit.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] Firstly, this invention uses ceramsite as lightweight aggregate and a composite cementitious system composed of strong-bonding organic materials and inorganic fillers to prepare precast lightweight blocks. Compared with traditional reinforced concrete components, the blocks are lighter in weight, easier to transport and install, and can effectively reduce the construction load on steep rock slopes and improve construction safety. At the same time, the precast lightweight blocks have a certain degree of toughness, which can buffer local impacts and improve structural stability.

[0019] Secondly, the present invention uses an adhesive method to directly fix the prefabricated lightweight blocks to the rock slope, eliminating the need for drilling, rebar installation, and grouting. This reduces damage to the original rock mass, prevents crack expansion and rainwater infiltration, improves slope integrity, and better meets the requirements of ecological restoration.

[0020] Thirdly, this invention utilizes high-performance organic-inorganic composite cementitious materials to achieve direct bonding between prefabricated lightweight blocks and rock surfaces, eliminating the need for mechanical anchoring structures such as anchor rods and support rods. This simplifies the construction process and increases efficiency. At the same time, it avoids anchor rod corrosion and subsequent maintenance issues, reducing construction and maintenance costs.

[0021] Fourth, this invention employs an organic-inorganic composite cementing system, combining the adhesive properties of organic materials with the stability of inorganic materials. Test results show that the cementitious mixture exhibits high compressive strength, excellent interfacial shear strength, and maintains high strength even after freeze-thaw cycles and wet-dry cycles. The porosity changes minimally, and no cracks appear at the bonding interface. It possesses good water resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, and structural stability, meeting the requirements for long-term service in complex environments.

[0022] Fifth, the present invention forms continuous soil storage units through regular layout, which effectively protects the sprayed substrate, reduces soil slippage, increases the soil retention rate on the slope, and provides a stable substrate for plant growth; the structure changes dynamically with the landform, has strong adaptability, and the morphology of the repaired slope remains unchanged.

[0023] Sixth, this invention provides three array arrangement methods: plum blossom pattern, rhombus grid, and honeycomb pattern. These can be flexibly selected according to the slope conditions of the rock slope. The plum blossom pattern arrangement transforms the slope force transmission path from the continuous vertical force transmission path formed by the traditional rectangular arrangement to a multi-directional discrete force transmission mode. Each block shares the local retaining load, effectively avoiding load concentration. The rhombus grid is a typical geometrically stable structure. The load is evenly distributed in all directions along the four sides of the rhombus, which can reduce the peak force of local blocks and improve the overall uniformity of force. The honeycomb pattern arrangement is a typical high-efficiency load-bearing structure in nature. The hexagonal units evenly transmit the load in six directions, and the adjacent honeycomb units form a continuous support network, making the entire slope form a uniform force system with the highest overall stability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a prefabricated lightweight block on a rock slope in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a prefabricated lightweight block in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a quincunx-shaped array of prefabricated lightweight blocks in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a honeycomb array of prefabricated lightweight blocks in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a prefabricated lightweight block in a rhomboid grid array according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional example diagram of a prefabricated lightweight block in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional example of a hollow prefabricated lightweight block according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0033] 1-Precast lightweight block, 2-Cementitious mixture, 3-Ceramic aggregate, 4-Underlying surface, 5-Rock slope, 6-Binding material layer, 7-Soil storage unit, 8-Strongly attached soil matrix. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a prefabricated adhesive ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes is provided, comprising prefabricated lightweight blocks 1, a rock slope surface 5, an adhesive material layer 6, and a strongly adhering soil matrix 8. Multiple prefabricated lightweight blocks 1 are arranged in an array and directly bonded to the rock slope surface 5 through the adhesive material layer 6. Adjacent prefabricated lightweight blocks 1 enclose each other to form several interconnected soil storage units 7, which are used to support the strongly adhering soil matrix 8 sprayed on. Multiple soil storage units 7 are connected end to end to form a continuous soil storage network.

[0036] The bottom surface 4 of the prefabricated lightweight block 1 has a right-angled trapezoidal cross-section and serves as the bonding surface for bonding with the rock slope 5. The prefabricated lightweight block 1 is made by mixing and pressing a strong bonding organic material, inorganic filler and ceramsite 3. The mass ratio of the strong bonding organic material to the inorganic filler is 1:1.5, and the mass ratio of the cementitious mixture 2 made of the strong bonding organic material and inorganic filler to the ceramsite 3 is 1:1. The particle size of the ceramsite 3 is 1~2cm.

[0037] Understandably, the strong-bonding organic material is an organic cementitious material with high adhesion, water resistance, and weather resistance. It can cure at room temperature and form stable bonding interfaces with the rock slope surface 5, inorganic filler, and ceramsite 3, respectively. The strong-bonding organic material can be selected from one or more combinations of epoxy resin, polyurethane, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), acrylic resin, silicone-modified resin, or other polymeric materials with similar adhesion properties. The strong-bonding organic material should meet the following performance requirements: it can form a stable bond with the rock surface; it has good water resistance and maintains high bonding strength after long-term immersion in water; it has a certain toughness to adapt to slope temperature changes and minor deformations; it has resistance to ultraviolet aging and freeze-thaw cycles; and it can resist rainwater erosion and weathering after curing. The inorganic filler can be cement, fly ash, slag powder, etc., mainly serving as a skeletal support and volume filling function. The ceramsite 3 is lightweight and porous with a particle size of 1-2 cm. When the mass ratio of the cementitious mixture 2 to the ceramsite 3 is 1:1, the volume percentage of the ceramsite 3 in the precast lightweight block 1 is about 75%, the volume percentage of the cementitious mixture 2 is about 11%, the porosity of the precast lightweight block 1 is about 14%, and the mass of a single precast lightweight block 1 is about 500 g.

[0038] Understandably, traditional cementitious systems, such as reinforced concrete retaining walls, typically have a density of 2200–2500 kg / m³, resulting in a large load per unit area. During construction on steep rock surfaces, they require hoisting equipment and mechanical anchoring systems for installation, making them unsuitable for areas without construction platforms or with limited access. This invention uses lightweight expanded clay aggregate 3 instead of ordinary aggregate, significantly reducing the density of the precast lightweight blocks 1. Simultaneously, it utilizes a strong-bonding organic material to form a continuous coating structure, giving the precast lightweight blocks 1 lightweight, high toughness, and durability. They can be directly fixed to the rock slope 5 using an adhesive layer 6, eliminating the need for drilling, rebar installation, and mesh reinforcement, making construction more convenient and efficient.

[0039] The right-angled trapezoidal right-angled side of the prefabricated lightweight block 1 is perpendicular to the slope at the top and the hypotenuse is downward; the adhesive material layer 6 is made of strong adhesive organic material and inorganic filler mixed in a mass ratio of 1:3, and the coating thickness is 3~5mm.

[0040] Understandably, after the adhesive material layer 6 cures, it forms a continuous and dense interface layer between the rock slope 5 and the prefabricated lightweight block 1. The interface bonding mainly includes the following three functions.

[0041] Mechanical interlocking effect: The surface of the rock slope 5 generally has micro-cracks and natural rough structure. During the construction process, the bonding material layer 6 can fully wet the rock surface and penetrate into the micropores, cracks and uneven structures of the rock surface. As the material gradually solidifies, a large number of micro-scale anchor bodies are formed on the rock surface, so that the bonding layer and the rock surface form a three-dimensional mechanical interlocking effect, which effectively improves the shear resistance of the interface and the overall bonding stability.

[0042] Physical adsorption: During the curing process, the molecular chains of the adhesive layer 6 gradually approach the surface of the rock and mineral particles, forming van der Waals forces, dipole interactions, and surface polar adsorption at the molecular scale, thus forming a stable physical adsorption layer at the interface.

[0043] Chemical bonding: Rocks mainly composed of quartz, feldspar and carbonate minerals usually have active groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) on their surface. During the curing process of strong-bonding organic materials, their active functional groups can interact with the active groups on the rock surface to form a stable interfacial bonding layer. For example, when using organosilicon-modified epoxy resin, the silicon-oxygen structure in its molecule has high interfacial activity, which can further improve the interfacial compatibility between organic materials and inorganic rocks, and improve the water resistance, aging resistance and long-term service stability of the interface.

[0044] Understandably, the inorganic filler in the adhesive layer 6 not only serves as a volume filler but also has the following functions: Improving interface stiffness: After curing, the inorganic filler forms a continuous inorganic skeleton, effectively increasing the overall elastic modulus of the adhesive layer 6. This allows the load to be transferred more evenly to the entire adhesive interface, avoiding local stress concentration and improving the overall load-bearing capacity of the interface. Improving rheological properties: The addition of inorganic filler improves the thixotropic properties of the adhesive during construction, giving it better anti-sagging ability. Even when constructing on rock surfaces at angles above 60° or even near vertical, the adhesive layer 6 can still stably adhere to the surface of the rock slope 5, preventing flow and ensuring the designed thickness of 3-5 mm and construction quality. Improving durability: The inorganic filler fills the micropores inside the strongly bonded organic material, forming a denser composite structure, reducing water penetration paths, and improving the adhesive layer 6's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles, wet-dry cycles, and water erosion.

[0045] The strongly adhering soil matrix 8 comprises a soil-stabilizing material composed of modified cellulose and polyacrylamide, and clay, wherein the ratio of modified cellulose to polyacrylamide is 1:0.2~0.5, accounting for 5~8% of the total soil weight. Understandably, the soil-stabilizing material is modified and polymerized by high-temperature mechanical stirring to prepare a 15~20% solution. In preparing the strongly adhering soil matrix, first, water and clay are added to a mixing tank and stirred until a uniform slurry is formed with a flowability of 14~18cm. Then, the soil-stabilizing material is added and stirred until homogeneous.

[0046] Understandably, the strongly adhering soil matrix 8 can adhere tightly to the rocky slope surface 5, improving overall stability while exhibiting strong erosion resistance. The strongly bonding organic material and inorganic filler together form a composite cementitious system, where the strongly bonding organic material mainly provides interfacial adhesion, toughness, and water resistance, while the inorganic filler mainly provides skeletal support, dimensional stability, and compressive strength. The two work synergistically to form an organic-inorganic composite cementitious system with high interfacial strength and long-term durability. Expanded clay aggregate 3, as a lightweight porous aggregate, is uniformly dispersed in the composite cementitious system. The cementitious mixture 2 coats the surface of the expanded clay aggregate 3 to form a continuous skeleton, enabling the precast lightweight block 1 to maintain good overall integrity while keeping its density low. When the precast lightweight block 1 is subjected to external loads, the stress can be gradually transferred to multiple expanded clay aggregate 3 particles through the cementitious mixture 2, avoiding local stress concentration, thus allowing the precast lightweight block 1 to exhibit certain deformation capacity and energy dissipation characteristics.

[0047] In one embodiment, such as Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the array arrangement of the multiple prefabricated lightweight blocks 1 includes a quincunx array, a rhombus grid array, or a honeycomb array, specifically:

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, when the slope of the rock slope 5 is 40°~50°, a plum blossom array is adopted: adjacent plum blossom arrays are arranged in alternating rows and columns, and the center of the next row of precast lightweight blocks 1 corresponds to the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of the two adjacent precast lightweight blocks 1 in the previous row. The row spacing is 20cm and the column spacing is 15cm.

[0049] like Figure 5 As shown, when the slope of the rock slope 5 is 50°~60°, a rhombus grid array is used: a single soil storage unit 7 is formed by 8 prefabricated lightweight blocks 1 to form a rhombus structure with interior angles of 60° and 120°. The side length of the rhombus is 60cm and the short diagonal length is 60cm. Each side of the rhombus is composed of 2 prefabricated lightweight blocks 1. The adjacent prefabricated lightweight blocks 1 are spaced 10cm apart, and the edge of the prefabricated lightweight block 1 is 5cm away from the vertex of the rhombus.

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, when the slope of the rock slope 5 is 60°~75°, a honeycomb array is adopted: a single soil storage unit 7 is formed by 6 prefabricated lightweight blocks 1 to form a regular hexagon with a side length of 30cm. Adjacent honeycomb units are arranged continuously with the same side.

[0051] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7As shown, when multiple prefabricated lightweight blocks 1 are arranged in a honeycomb pattern, the prefabricated lightweight block 1 is a hollow lightweight block. The hollow lightweight block has three vertically connected hollow cavities inside. The cross-section of the hollow cavity is rectangular, with a size of 4cm×4cm. The spacing between adjacent hollow cavities is 2cm, and the hollowness is 20~30%.

[0052] This invention also provides a construction method for a prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes, used for constructing the prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes as described above, specifically including:

[0053] S1. Prepare precast lightweight block 1. Weigh strong bonding organic material and inorganic filler at a mass ratio of 1:1.5 and stir evenly to prepare gel-gel mixture 2. Add ceramsite 3 with a particle size of 1~2cm at a mass ratio of 1:1 to gel-gel mixture 2 and ceramsite 3, and continue stirring to make gel-gel mixture 2 evenly coat the surface of ceramsite 3. Pour the mixture into a pre-set mold and shape it using a pressing molding process. After curing, demold and cure at room temperature for 7~7.5 days.

[0054] In one embodiment, step S1 further includes the following sub-steps:

[0055] S101. Weigh the strong-adhesion organic material and inorganic filler at a mass ratio of 1:1.5, put them into a mixing device and stir at 300~500r / min for 3~5min to obtain a uniform gel-gel mixture 2.

[0056] S102, the gel mixture 2 and the ceramsite 3 are weighed at a mass ratio of 1:1. Ceramsite 3 with a particle size of 1~2cm is added to the mixing equipment and stirred for 2~3 minutes to make the gel mixture 2 evenly coat the surface of the ceramsite 3 to obtain the mixture.

[0057] S103. The obtained mixture is loaded into a right-angled trapezoidal mold with a cross-section of 3cm upper base, 5cm lower base, 10cm height and 20cm length. It is formed by hydraulic pressing, with the pressing pressure controlled at 0.30~0.40MPa, and the pressure is held for 10~12min. After curing for 6~6.5h, it is demolded and cured at room temperature of 20~25℃ for 7~7.5d to obtain the precast lightweight block 1.

[0058] S2. Prepare adhesive material layer 6. Weigh strong adhesive organic material and inorganic filler at a mass ratio of 1:3 and stir evenly to obtain adhesive material layer 6.

[0059] In one embodiment, in step S2, the strong-adhesion organic material is a two-component epoxy resin or an organosilicon-modified epoxy resin, and the inorganic filler is 42.5 grade ordinary silicate cement. The soil retention unit 7 is a recessed area formed between adjacent precast lightweight blocks 1 and the rock slope 5. The size of the soil retention unit 7 matches the layout density of the precast lightweight blocks 1, which can effectively support the strongly attached soil matrix 8 sprayed on. At the same time, the right-angled trapezoidal structure of the precast lightweight blocks 1 can form a retaining effect. The structure with the right-angled side perpendicular to the slope and the hypotenuse pointing downward can further prevent the strongly attached soil matrix 8 from sliding along the slope and improve the soil retention rate of the slope.

[0060] S3. Pre-treat the rock slope 5 by removing loose stones, debris and dust from the rock slope 5; fill and repair cracks wider than 2mm with adhesive layer 6, compact and smooth them, and then cure at room temperature for 24-25 hours.

[0061] S4. Bonding and Layout of Precast Lightweight Blocks 1: On the pretreated rock slope 5, mark the bonding positions according to the preset array arrangement; evenly coat the bottom surface 4 of the precast lightweight blocks 1 with a bonding material layer 6, with a coating thickness of 3~5mm; press the precast lightweight blocks 1 onto the rock slope 5 according to the design position, so that the bonding surface is in full contact with the rock surface and is appropriately squeezed, adjusting and squeezing out excess bonding material, so that there are no obvious gaps between the precast lightweight blocks 1 and the rock surface to form a bonding layer; the bonding construction sequence is carried out in sections from top to bottom and from left to right.

[0062] In one embodiment, step S4 further includes the following sub-steps:

[0063] S401. On the pre-treated rock slope 5, lay out and position according to the preset array arrangement.

[0064] S402. Apply adhesive material layer 6 evenly to the bottom surface 4 of the prefabricated lightweight block 1. The coating thickness is about 4-4.6mm, and the amount used per block is about 50-56g.

[0065] S403. Press the precast lightweight block 1 onto the rock slope 5 according to the design position, so that the bonding surface is in full contact with the rock surface and is appropriately squeezed to spread the bonding material layer 6 evenly. Adjust the excess bonding material that is squeezed out so that there are no obvious gaps between the precast lightweight block 1 and the rock surface to form a bonding layer. The bonding layer reaches the initial setting strength in about 6-6.5 hours and the basic service strength in 24-25 hours.

[0066] S404. The bonding construction sequence is carried out in sections from top to bottom and from left to right, that is, starting from the upper part of the slope and gradually advancing to the bottom of the slope, in order to complete the placement of all precast lightweight blocks 1 and form a complete soil storage unit 7 system.

[0067] S5. Spraying strong-adhesion soil matrix 8: After the bonding layer reaches the preset strength, spray the strong-adhesion soil matrix 8 on the entire slope. The spraying thickness is controlled at 10~18cm, and the surface spraying thickness is 1~2cm. Spray in layers and multiple times to ensure that the strong-adhesion soil matrix 8 fully fills each soil storage unit 7.

[0068] In one embodiment, step S5 further includes the following sub-steps:

[0069] S501. To prepare a soil-stabilizing material, modify cellulose and polyacrylamide are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:0.2~0.5 and modified and polymerized by high-temperature mechanical stirring to prepare a soil-stabilizing material solution with a concentration of 15~20%.

[0070] S502. Prepare a strong-adhesion soil matrix 8. Add water and clay to a mixing tank and stir until a uniform slurry is formed. The slurry has a flowability of 14-18 cm. Then add soil stabilizing material accounting for 5-8% of the total soil weight and stir evenly.

[0071] S503. Spray a strong-adhesion soil matrix 8 across the entire slope. The strong-adhesion soil matrix 8 includes soil, soil-stabilizing materials, organic matter, and plant seeds. The spraying thickness is controlled to be 10-18cm, with a surface spraying thickness of 1-2cm. Spraying is done in layers and multiple times to ensure that the soil matrix fully fills each soil storage unit 7.

[0072] In one embodiment, the construction method of the prefabricated adhesive ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes also includes post-maintenance. After the hydroseeding operation is completed, maintenance work is carried out continuously in accordance with the conventional maintenance process for greening of steep slopes until the vegetation on the slope grows stably and the coverage rate meets the standard, thus completing the ecological restoration of the steep rock slope.

[0073] In a specific embodiment (Example 1), as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the construction method of the prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes specifically includes the following steps:

[0074] S1. Preparation of prefabricated lightweight block 1:

[0075] The strong-bonding organic material is a two-component epoxy resin cementitious material, and the inorganic filler is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement. 80g of epoxy resin and 120g of cement are weighed at a mass ratio of 1:1.5 and placed in a mixing device and stirred at 300~500r / min for 3~5min to obtain a uniform cementitious mixture 2 totaling 200g. Then, 200g of ceramsite with a particle size of 1~2cm is weighed at a mass ratio of 1:1 between cementitious mixture 2 and ceramsite 3, and added to cementitious mixture 2 and stirred for 2~3min to make the cementitious material uniformly coat the surface of ceramsite 3. The resulting mixture is put into a right-angled trapezoidal mold with a cross-section of 3cm top, 5cm bottom, 10cm height and 20cm length, and hydraulically pressed to form it. The pressing pressure is controlled at 0.30MPa and held for 10min. After curing for 6h, it is demolded and cured at room temperature of 20~25℃ for 7d to obtain precast lightweight block 1. The resulting precast lightweight block 1 has an average mass of about 400g and a continuous open pore structure. The ceramsite 3 is evenly distributed in the cementitious mixture 2, which can meet the requirements of subsequent slope construction.

[0076] S2, Preparation of adhesive layer 6:

[0077] A two-component epoxy resin of the same type as that used in the precast lightweight block 1 was used as the organic cementitious material. The epoxy resin and 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:3. 100g of epoxy resin and 300g of cement were weighed and mechanically stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a uniform adhesive layer 6. The resulting adhesive layer 6 exhibits good thixotropic properties and can stably adhere to the slope surface during construction without significant flow.

[0078] S3, Pretreatment of rocky slope 5:

[0079] Remove loose rocks, debris, and dust from the rock slope 5; for cracks wider than 2mm, fill and repair them with adhesive layer 6, compact and smooth them, and cure them at room temperature for 24 hours after repair to allow the crack filling material to fully solidify.

[0080] S4. Bonding and layout of prefabricated lightweight block 1:

[0081] On the pre-treated rock slope 5, the slope is 50°. The precast lightweight blocks 1 are laid out in a staggered pattern with a row spacing of 20cm and a column spacing of 15cm. The center of each subsequent row of precast lightweight blocks 1 corresponds to the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of the two adjacent precast lightweight blocks 1 in the preceding row. An adhesive layer 6 is evenly coated on the bottom surface 4 of each precast lightweight block 1, with a coating thickness of approximately 4mm and a usage of approximately 50g per block. The precast lightweight blocks 1 are then pressed onto the rock slope 5 according to the design position, ensuring full contact between the adhesive surface and the rock surface and applying appropriate pressure to evenly spread the adhesive layer 6. Excess adhesive material is adjusted to ensure no obvious gaps between the blocks and the rock surface. Because the precast lightweight blocks 1 are lightweight and the bonding material layer 6 has high initial adhesion, the precast lightweight blocks 1 can remain stable without additional mechanical support during construction. The bonding layer reaches its initial setting strength in about 6 hours and its basic service strength in 24 hours. The slope bonding construction sequence is carried out in sections from top to bottom and from left to right, that is, starting from the upper part of the slope and gradually advancing to the bottom of the slope, completing the placement of all precast lightweight blocks 1 in sequence to form several soil retention units 7. The quincunx layout changes the slope force transmission path from the continuous vertical force transmission path formed by the traditional rectangular arrangement to a multi-directional discrete force transmission mode. When the sprayed soil is subjected to its own weight or rain erosion, the soil load can be transferred to multiple adjacent blocks, and each block shares the local retaining load, effectively avoiding the concentration of load on a single block and causing local instability, thus improving the overall stability of the entire repair structure.

[0082] S5, strong-adhesion soil matrix 8 hydroseeding:

[0083] After the bonding layer reaches its designed strength, a strong-adhesion soil matrix 8 is sprayed across the entire slope. The strong-adhesion soil matrix 8 comprises soil, soil-stabilizing materials, organic matter, and plant seeds. The soil consists of clay and topsoil; the soil-stabilizing materials are modified cellulose and polyacrylamide-modified polymers; the organic matter is selected from cow and sheep manure; and the plant seeds are a mixture of remediation-promoting species and local grass and shrub seeds. On-site, soil, soil-stabilizing materials, organic matter, and water are added sequentially to the hydroseeding machine and mixed evenly to obtain the spraying matrix. The spraying thickness is controlled at 10-18 cm. Plant seeds are then mixed into the surface layer of the sprayed matrix, with a surface layer thickness of 1-2 cm. Multiple layers of spraying are performed to ensure the soil matrix fully fills each soil storage unit 7. Prefabricated lightweight blocks 1 form a continuous retaining structure, effectively limiting the slippage of the sprayed soil along the slope and improving soil retention capacity. After spraying, maintenance is carried out according to conventional slope greening techniques.

[0084] Implementation Results: Field tests showed that the prefabricated lightweight block 1 formed in this embodiment was firmly bonded to the rock slope 5, making construction convenient. There was no obvious slippage or detachment of the sprayed soil matrix. After 60 days of continuous maintenance, the vegetation coverage rate reached more than 85%, and the vegetation grew well, which can meet the needs of ecological restoration of steep rock slopes.

[0085] Specimens were prepared according to the formulation of gel mixture 2 in Example 1. Compressive strength tests were conducted under standard curing conditions. The compressive strength of gel mixture 2 reached 75 MPa, and the strength gradually increased with curing time, stabilizing at around day 35. To evaluate durability, the specimens underwent 30 freeze-thaw cycles. After the cycles, the compressive strength decreased by only 17.44%. CT scans and SEM analyses were performed on the specimens before and after the freeze-thaw cycles. CT results showed that the porosity increased by only 0.18% after 30 freeze-thaw cycles, and no obvious cracks were observed during SEM observation. These results indicate that the organic-inorganic composite gel system composed of strongly binding organic materials and inorganic fillers has high strength and excellent freeze-thaw resistance and structural stability.

[0086] The adhesive layer 6 prepared in Example 1 was used to bond standard specimens for rock. Rock shear tests were conducted to determine the shear strength of the interface between the cementitious mixture 2 and the rock slope surface 5. A direct shear test was performed under a normal stress of approximately 4 MPa, and the interfacial shear strength reached 10.5 MPa. After 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the interfacial shear strength decreased by 25.98%; after 20 wet-dry cycles, the interfacial shear strength decreased by 21.26%. CT results showed that after 30 freeze-thaw cycles, the porosity of the adhesive material increased by only 0.02%, and no cracks were generated at the bonding interface. These results indicate that the adhesive layer 6 of this invention has good interfacial stability and long-term service capability.

[0087] The precast lightweight block 1 was subjected to a compressive strength test according to the rules of Example 1. During the compressive strength test, the precast lightweight block 1 remained intact as a whole, while the outer ceramsite 3 gradually deteriorated, and the internal cementitious mixture 2 did not fracture as a whole. The compressive stress-strain curve showed a wave-like increase with obvious peak values. The peak compressive strength was approximately 1.1 MPa, and the peak strain reached 10%. The main function of the precast lightweight block 1 is not to bear the overall slope load, but to serve as the soil retention skeleton for the sprayed soil, mainly bearing local retaining loads and construction loads. The above compressive strength test results show that the precast lightweight block 1 has a large deformation energy absorption capacity, rather than the brittle failure of traditional concrete. This indicates that the precast lightweight block 1 has good deformation coordination and energy dissipation characteristics, which can meet the ductility requirements of slope retaining structures.

[0088] In a specific embodiment (Example 2), as Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, it is basically the same as Example 1, except that the strong bonding organic material is silicone-modified epoxy resin, and the prefabricated lightweight block 1 is arranged in a diamond grid array. The rest of the prefabricated lightweight block 1 preparation process, adhesive layer 6 composition and construction method are the same as in Example 1, specifically including the following steps:

[0089] S1. Preparation of prefabricated lightweight block 1:

[0090] The prefabricated lightweight block 1 is prepared using the proportions and preparation process described in Example 1. The side of the block is a right trapezoid with an upper base of 3cm, a lower base of 5cm, and a height of 10cm. The length is 20cm, and the weight of a single block is about 400g.

[0091] S2. Pretreatment of rock slope 5: The rock slope 5 is cleaned and cracks are repaired according to the method in Example 1.

[0092] S3. Bonding and Layout of Precast Lightweight Blocks 1: The slope of the construction slope is 60°, and a rhomboid grid array layout is adopted. Each soil storage unit 7 is formed by combining 8 precast lightweight blocks 1, forming a rhombus shape. The interior angles of the rhombus grid are 60° and 120°, the side length of the rhombus is 60cm, and the length of the short diagonal is 60cm. Each side of the rhombus is composed of 2 precast lightweight blocks 1, with a 10cm interval between adjacent blocks, and the edge of the block is 5cm from each rhombus vertex. Adjacent rhomboid soil storage units 7 are arranged with shared sides, and multiple soil storage units 7 are connected end to end to form a continuous soil storage network. The bonding construction process is the same as in Example 1. The rhomboid unit is a typical geometrically stable structure. When the slope soil load acts on the inside of the unit, the load can be evenly distributed in all directions along the four sides of the rhombus and shared by multiple adjacent rhombus units. Compared with the quincunx arrangement, the rhombus structure has more directions of force, which can reduce the peak force of local blocks and improve the overall uniformity of force, making it especially suitable for rock slopes with large slopes.

[0093] S4. Spraying with strong-adhesion soil matrix 8: After all blocks are installed, the entire slope is sprayed with strong-adhesion soil matrix 8, ensuring that each rhomboid soil storage unit 7 is fully filled with soil matrix. Because the rhomboid grid forms a multi-directional retaining structure, it effectively disperses slope runoff and enhances soil matrix stability. The spraying of strong-adhesion soil matrix 8 is the same as in Example 1.

[0094] Implementation results: Field application results show that the soil storage unit 7 formed by the diamond layout is uniformly stressed, and the overall stability of the slope is further improved compared with Example 1; during rainfall, the slope runoff flows dispersedly along the diamond grid, the soil matrix is ​​well maintained, no obvious slippage occurs, the vegetation cover is uniform, and the ecological restoration effect is good.

[0095] In a specific embodiment (Example 3), as Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the construction method of the prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that hollow prefabricated lightweight blocks 1 are used and a honeycomb layout is adopted. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0096] S1. Preparation of Hollow Precast Lightweight Block 1: The external dimensions of hollow precast lightweight block 1 are the same as in Example 1, i.e., a right-angled trapezoid with a top base of 3cm, a bottom base of 5cm, a height of 10cm, and a length of 20cm. The block has three vertically connected hollow cavities with a rectangular cross-section of 4cm × 4cm. The cavities are spaced 2cm apart, resulting in a hollow ratio of 20-30%. The remaining material composition and proportions are consistent with Example 1, i.e., the mass ratio of strong bonding organic material to cement is 1:1.5, and the mass ratio of cementitious mixture 2 to ceramsite 3 is 1:1. The same pressing process is used. The resulting hollow precast lightweight block 1 has an average mass of approximately 300-330g, which is about 20% lighter than in Example 1, while maintaining good overall strength. Due to the lighter weight of the hollow block, it is easier to handle and position manually during construction, while also reducing the load per unit area.

[0097] S2. Pretreatment of rock slope 5: The rock slope 5 was cleaned and cracks were repaired according to the method in Example 1.

[0098] S3. Bonding and layout of prefabricated lightweight block 1:

[0099] The slope of the construction slope is 75°, and a regular honeycomb array layout is adopted. Each honeycomb soil storage unit 7 is formed by six prefabricated lightweight blocks 1 enclosing a regular hexagon with a side length of 30cm. Adjacent honeycomb units are arranged with shared sides to form a continuous honeycomb soil storage structure. Each prefabricated lightweight block 1 is fixed to the rock slope surface 5 with an adhesive layer 6, and the adhesive construction process is the same as in Example 1. The honeycomb structure is a typical high-efficiency load-bearing structure in nature. The hexagonal unit can evenly transfer the load along six directions. After the load of the sprayed soil is applied, each side is stressed simultaneously, which can minimize local stress concentration. A continuous support network is formed between adjacent honeycomb units, making the entire slope surface a uniform stress system. Therefore, the honeycomb layout has high overall stability and is suitable for rock slopes with large slopes.

[0100] S4. Spraying with strong-adhesion soil matrix 8: After completing the construction of the honeycomb soil retention structure, spray the slope with strong-adhesion soil matrix 8 to fully fill the honeycomb units with soil; the honeycomb structure can form a multi-directional continuous retaining effect, improving the slope's soil retention capacity. The spraying of strong-adhesion soil matrix 8 is the same as in Example 1.

[0101] Implementation Results: On-site construction results show that hollow precast lightweight blocks 1 can effectively reduce construction labor intensity, improve construction efficiency, and facilitate soil connectivity; the honeycomb layout forms a continuous and stable soil storage space, resulting in uniform soil distribution after spraying, and no significant slippage or local gully erosion occurred after heavy rain. Compared with Example 1, the hollow blocks further reduce the structural self-weight, improving the adaptability of ecological restoration construction on steep rock slopes while ensuring bonding stability.

[0102] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes, characterized in that, The system includes prefabricated lightweight blocks (1), a rock slope (5), an adhesive layer (6), and a strongly adhering soil matrix (8). Multiple prefabricated lightweight blocks (1) are arranged in an array and directly bonded to the rock slope (5) through the adhesive layer (6). Adjacent prefabricated lightweight blocks (1) enclose each other to form several interconnected soil storage units (7). The soil storage units (7) are used to support the strongly adhering soil matrix (8) that is sprayed. Multiple soil storage units (7) are connected end to end to form a continuous soil storage network. The bottom surface (4) of the prefabricated lightweight block (1) has a right-angled trapezoidal cross-section and serves as the bonding surface for bonding with the rock slope (5). The prefabricated lightweight block (1) is made by mixing and pressing strong bonding organic materials, inorganic fillers and ceramsite (3), wherein the mass ratio of strong bonding organic materials to inorganic fillers is 1:1.5, and the mass ratio of the cementitious mixture (2) made of strong bonding organic materials and inorganic fillers to ceramsite (3) is 1:1; the particle size of the ceramsite (3) is 1~2cm. The right-angled trapezoidal right-angled side of the prefabricated lightweight block (1) is perpendicular to the slope surface at the top and the hypotenuse is downward; the adhesive material layer (6) is made of strong adhesive organic material and inorganic filler mixed in a mass ratio of 1:3, and the coating thickness is 3~5mm; The strongly attached soil matrix (8) includes soil-stabilizing materials composed of modified cellulose and polyacrylamide and clay, wherein the ratio of modified cellulose to polyacrylamide is 1:0.2~0.5, accounting for 5~8% of the total weight of the soil.

2. The prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The array arrangement of multiple prefabricated lightweight blocks (1) includes a quincunx array, a rhombus grid array, or a honeycomb array, specifically: When the slope of the rock slope (5) is 40°~50°, a plum blossom array is used: adjacent plum blossom arrays are arranged alternately in rows and columns. The center of the last row of prefabricated lightweight blocks (1) corresponds to the midpoint of the line connecting the centers of the two adjacent prefabricated lightweight blocks (1) in the previous row. The row spacing is 20cm and the column spacing is 15cm. When the slope of the rock slope (5) is 50°~60°, a rhombus grid array is used: a single soil storage unit (7) is formed by 8 prefabricated lightweight blocks (1) to form a rhombus structure with an inner angle of 60° and 120°. The side length of the rhombus is 60cm and the short diagonal length is 60cm. Each side of the rhombus is composed of 2 prefabricated lightweight blocks (1). The adjacent prefabricated lightweight blocks (1) are spaced 10cm apart, and the edge of the prefabricated lightweight block (1) is 5cm away from the rhombus vertex. When the slope of the rock slope (5) is 60°~75°, a honeycomb array is adopted: a single soil storage unit (7) is formed by 6 prefabricated lightweight blocks (1) to form a regular hexagon with a side length of 30cm. Adjacent honeycomb units are arranged continuously with the same side.

3. The prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that, When multiple prefabricated lightweight blocks (1) are arranged in a honeycomb pattern, the prefabricated lightweight block (1) is a hollow lightweight block. The hollow lightweight block has three vertically connected hollow cavities inside. The cross-section of the hollow cavity is rectangular, with a size of 4cm×4cm. The spacing between adjacent hollow cavities is 2cm, and the hollow rate is 20~30%.

4. A construction method for a prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes, characterized in that, For the construction of prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structures for steep rock slopes as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, specifically including: S1. Prepare precast lightweight blocks (1). Weigh strong bonding organic materials and inorganic fillers at a mass ratio of 1:1.5 and stir evenly to prepare a gel-mixed body (2). Add ceramsite (3) with a particle size of 1~2cm at a mass ratio of 1:1 to ceramsite (3). Continue stirring to make the gel-mixed body (2) evenly coat the surface of the ceramsite (3). Pour the mixture into a pre-set mold and shape it using a pressing molding process. After curing, demold and cure at room temperature for 7~7.5 days. S2. Prepare adhesive material layer (6): Weigh strong adhesive organic material and inorganic filler at a mass ratio of 1:3 and stir evenly to obtain adhesive material layer (6). S3. Pre-treat the rock slope (5) by removing loose stones, debris and dust from the rock slope (5); fill and repair cracks with a width greater than 2 mm with an adhesive layer (6), compact and smooth them, and then cure at room temperature for 24-25 hours. S4. Bonding and layout of precast lightweight blocks (1): On the pretreated rock slope (5), mark the bonding positions according to the preset array arrangement; evenly coat the bottom surface (4) of the precast lightweight block (1) with a bonding material layer (6) with a coating thickness of 3~5mm; press the precast lightweight block (1) onto the rock slope (5) according to the design position, so that the bonding surface is in full contact with the rock surface and is appropriately squeezed, and adjust and squeeze out excess bonding material so that there is no obvious gap between the precast lightweight block (1) and the rock surface to form a bonding layer; the bonding construction sequence is carried out in sections from top to bottom and from left to right. S5. Spraying strong-adhesion soil matrix (8): After the bonding layer reaches the preset strength, spray the strong-adhesion soil matrix (8) on the entire slope. The spraying thickness is controlled at 10~18cm, and the surface spraying thickness is 1~2cm. Spray in layers multiple times to ensure that the strong-adhesion soil matrix (8) fully fills each soil storage unit (7).

5. The construction method of the prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S1 also includes the following sub-steps: S101. Weigh the strong bonding organic material and inorganic filler at a mass ratio of 1:1.5, put them into a mixing device and stir at 300~500r / min for 3~5min to obtain a uniform gel mixture (2). S102. Weigh the gel mixture (2) and the ceramsite (3) at a mass ratio of 1:

1. Take ceramsite (3) with a particle size of 1~2cm and add it to the mixing equipment and continue to stir for 2~3 minutes so that the gel mixture (2) can be evenly coated on the surface of the ceramsite (3) to obtain the mixture. S103. The obtained mixture is loaded into a right trapezoidal mold with a cross section of 3cm upper base, 5cm lower base, 10cm height and 20cm length. It is formed by hydraulic pressing, with the pressing pressure controlled at 0.30~0.40MPa, and the pressure is held for 10~12min. After curing for 6~6.5h, it is demolded and cured at room temperature of 20~25℃ for 7-7.5d to obtain the precast lightweight block (1).

6. The construction method of the prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the strong-adhesion organic material is a two-component epoxy resin or an organosilicon-modified epoxy resin, and the inorganic filler is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement.

7. The construction method of the prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S4 also includes the following sub-steps: S401. On the pretreated rock slope (5), lay out and position according to the preset array arrangement. S402. Apply an adhesive layer (6) evenly to the bottom surface (4) of the prefabricated lightweight block (1), with a coating thickness of about 4-4.6 mm and a dosage of about 50-56 g per block. S403. Press the precast lightweight block (1) onto the rock slope (5) according to the design position, so that the bonding surface is in full contact with the rock surface and is appropriately squeezed, so that the bonding material layer (6) is evenly spread, and adjust the excess bonding material squeezed out so that there is no obvious gap between the precast lightweight block (1) and the rock surface to form a bonding layer; the bonding layer reaches the initial setting strength in about 6-6.5 hours and the basic service strength in 24-25 hours; S404. The bonding construction sequence is carried out in sections from top to bottom and from left to right. That is, starting from the upper part of the slope, it is gradually advanced to the bottom of the slope to complete the layout of all precast lightweight blocks (1) in sequence, forming a complete soil storage unit (7) system.

8. The construction method of the prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S5 also includes the following sub-steps: S501. To prepare a soil-stabilizing material, modified cellulose and polyacrylamide are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:0.2~0.5 and modified and polymerized by high-temperature mechanical stirring to prepare a soil-stabilizing material solution with a concentration of 15~20%. S502. Prepare a strong-adhesion soil matrix (8). Add water and clay to the mixing tank and stir until a uniform slurry is formed. The slurry has a flowability of 14-18 cm. Then add soil stabilizing material accounting for 5-8% of the total soil weight and stir evenly. S503. Spray strong-adhesion soil matrix (8) on the entire slope. The strong-adhesion soil matrix (8) includes soil, soil stabilizing materials, organic matter and plant seeds. The spraying thickness is controlled at 10~18cm, the surface spraying thickness is 1~2cm, and the layered spraying is carried out multiple times to fully fill each soil storage unit (7).

9. The construction method of the prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S4, when the slope of the rock slope (5) is 40°~50°, the prefabricated lightweight blocks (1) are arranged in a plum blossom pattern with a row spacing of 20cm and a column spacing of 15cm; when the slope of the rock slope (5) is 50°~60°, the prefabricated lightweight blocks (1) are arranged in a rhombus grid pattern with an interior angle of 60° and 120°, a side length of 60cm, and a short diagonal length of 60cm. Each side of the rhombus is composed of... It consists of two prefabricated lightweight blocks (1), with a 10cm interval between two adjacent prefabricated lightweight blocks (1), and the edge of the prefabricated lightweight block (1) is 5cm away from each rhombus vertex; when the slope of the rock slope (5) is 60°~75°, the arrangement of the prefabricated lightweight blocks (1) adopts a honeycomb array, and each honeycomb soil storage unit (7) is formed by 6 prefabricated lightweight blocks (1) to form a regular hexagon with a side length of 30cm, and adjacent honeycomb units are arranged with the same side.

10. The construction method of the prefabricated bonded ecological restoration structure for steep rock slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes post-planting maintenance. After the spraying operation is completed, maintenance work will be carried out in accordance with the conventional maintenance process for greening high and steep slopes until the vegetation on the slope grows stably and the coverage rate meets the standard, thus completing the ecological restoration of the high and steep rock slope.

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