A pressure feedback human body model and method for teaching surgical position nerve compression

Abstract

The application provides a pressure feedback human body model for surgical position nerve compression teaching and a method, and belongs to the technical field of medical teaching simulation. The model can at least partially solve the problem of lack of real-time perception and quantitative feedback of nerve compression state in the existing surgical position placement training. The application comprises: a human body model body; a plurality of pressure sensors arranged on the human body model body at positions corresponding to the anatomical paths of superficial peripheral nerves of the human body; a signal processing module electrically connected to each pressure sensor and pre-set with a pressure safety threshold; and a light prompting module comprising a plurality of light emitting units corresponding to each pressure sensor arrangement position. The application converts the invisible nerve compression risk into an intuitive visual signal, realizing immediate closed-loop teaching of operation and feedback.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of medical teaching simulation technology, specifically relating to a pressure feedback human body model and method for teaching surgical positioning and nerve compression. Background Technology

[0002] In clinical medicine, the positioning of the patient during surgery is crucial for ensuring the smooth conduct of the operation and avoiding postoperative complications. During surgery, patients under anesthesia lack the ability to consciously perceive the pressure exerted on their own limbs. If medical staff do not pay sufficient attention to the anatomical characteristics of the peripheral nerves during positioning, the superficial peripheral nerves can easily be damaged due to excessive local pressure or prolonged pressure, leading to postoperative limb numbness, motor dysfunction, or even permanent neurological deficits.

[0003] Currently, surgical positioning training for clinical medical staff mainly relies on traditional anatomical models. However, existing teaching models can only simulate the external physical form of the human body and lack the ability to perceive and quantitatively respond to nerve compression in real time. Trainees cannot visually determine whether the pressure applied to key nerve areas has exceeded safe limits during positioning. The effectiveness of the training is highly dependent on the subjective experience of the instructors, lacking objective and quantifiable evaluation standards, which hinders medical staff from developing standardized safe operating habits.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve real-time perception, quantitative judgment, and intuitive feedback of the compression status of key nerve areas during the teaching of body positioning is a core problem that has not yet been solved in the field of clinical skills training. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a pressure feedback human body model and method for teaching surgical position nerve compression.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a pressure feedback human model for teaching surgical positioning and nerve compression, comprising: The human body model body includes at least a torso and limbs; The pressure sensor group includes multiple pressure sensors respectively disposed on the human body model body at positions corresponding to the anatomical paths of superficial peripheral nerves of the human body. Each pressure sensor is used to collect pressure values ​​at the corresponding position in real time and output pressure signals. A signal processing module, disposed inside the human body model, is electrically connected to each pressure sensor in the pressure sensor group. The signal processing module has preset pressure safety thresholds corresponding to each pressure sensor. It receives the pressure signals output by each pressure sensor and compares the pressure values ​​with the corresponding pressure safety thresholds. When the pressure value of any pressure sensor meets the threshold condition, a trigger signal is generated. The light indicator module is electrically connected to the signal processing module. The light indicator module includes multiple light-emitting units, each of which is arranged on the human body model body in a one-to-one correspondence with the setting position of each pressure sensor. It is used to control the light-emitting unit at the corresponding position to emit an indicator light when the signal processing module generates the trigger signal.

[0007] Furthermore, the superficial peripheral nerves of the human body include at least five of the following: ulnar nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, brachial plexus, sciatic nerve, common peroneal nerve, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Each of the pressure sensors is respectively located at the bilateral anatomical path position corresponding to the ulnar nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, brachial plexus, sciatic nerve, common peroneal nerve, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.

[0008] Furthermore, the pressure safety threshold includes an instantaneous pressure threshold and a cumulative pressure threshold, and the threshold exceeding condition includes an instantaneous threshold exceeding condition and a cumulative threshold exceeding condition. The instantaneous threshold exceeding condition and the cumulative threshold exceeding condition are determined by combining them using "OR" logic. The instantaneous threshold condition is defined as: the instantaneous pressure value collected by any of the pressure sensors. Greater than the instantaneous pressure threshold corresponding to the pressure sensor The cumulative threshold condition is as follows: the pressure values ​​continuously collected by any of the pressure sensors are discretely accumulated according to the sampling period, and the accumulated value is... Greater than or equal to the cumulative pressure threshold corresponding to the pressure sensor The formula for calculating the cumulative value is: ; in, For the first The pressure values ​​collected by the pressure sensor within each sampling period The duration of the sampling period. This represents the current cumulative number of sampling periods.

[0009] Furthermore, the human body model body includes an internal rigid support skeleton and a flexible skin layer covering the outside of the rigid support skeleton. The flexible skin layer is made of a light-transmitting or semi-light-transmitting material, and each of the light-emitting units is embedded in the inner side of the flexible skin layer, so that the indicator light can be displayed outward through the flexible skin layer.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a sound alarm module, which is electrically connected to the signal processing module and is used to synchronously issue a sound alarm when the signal processing module generates the trigger signal.

[0011] Furthermore, the signal processing module also includes a data storage unit and a data output interface. The data storage unit is used to record the time series of the pressure values ​​collected by each pressure sensor, as well as the occurrence time and corresponding location information of the over-threshold event. The data output interface is used to export the data stored in the data storage unit to an external device.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention also provides a surgical positioning teaching method, implemented based on the aforementioned pressure feedback human body model, characterized in that it includes: Step S1: Place the human body model on the operating table, start the signal processing module, confirm that each pressure sensor is working properly, and set each light-emitting unit to its initial state; Step S2: Perform a positioning operation on the human body model according to the target surgical position. During the positioning operation, each pressure sensor collects the pressure value at the corresponding position in real time and transmits the pressure signal to the signal processing module. Step S3: The signal processing module compares each received pressure value with its corresponding pressure safety threshold. When the pressure value of any pressure sensor meets the threshold condition, the signal processing module generates a trigger signal. The light indicator module then controls the light-emitting unit corresponding to the pressure sensor position to emit the indicator light based on the trigger signal. Step S4: The operator adjusts the body position according to the pressure position indicated by the indicator light until the pressure value drops below the pressure safety threshold and the indicator light goes out.

[0013] Furthermore, step S1 also includes: receiving external instructions through a threshold adjustment interface electrically connected to the signal processing module, and setting the value of the pressure safety threshold corresponding to each pressure sensor according to the external instructions.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S3, before determining that the pressure value meets the threshold condition, the signal processing module further includes a continuous sampling confirmation step: when the pressure value of any pressure sensor exceeds the corresponding pressure safety threshold, the signal processing module continuously samples the pressure value a preset number of times, and only when the sampling results of the preset number of times all exceed the corresponding pressure safety threshold is it determined that the threshold condition is met and the trigger signal is generated.

[0015] Furthermore, the surgical positioning teaching method also includes step S5: after step S4 is completed, the training data recorded by the data storage unit set in the signal processing module is used to count the total number of over-threshold events during this training process, the triggering position and duration of each over-threshold event, and the operation standardization evaluation result is output based on the comparison between the total number of over-threshold events and the preset evaluation standard.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes pressure sensors placed on the human body model at locations corresponding to the anatomical pathways of superficial peripheral nerves. A corresponding light-emitting module is used to achieve a one-to-one arrangement of pressure sensors and light-emitting units, transforming the invisible risk of nerve compression into an intuitive visual signal. When trainees assume a position, if improper operation results in excessive pressure on critical nerve areas, the corresponding area immediately emits a warning light, achieving an instant closed-loop teaching process of "operation-feedback."

[0017] This invention changes the traditional teaching method that relies solely on subjective experience by presetting pressure safety thresholds corresponding to each pressure sensor in the signal processing module. This provides training with objective quantitative standards and helps cultivate medical staff's quantitative perception of safety pressure.

[0018] The model of this invention covers multiple superficial peripheral nerves that are most vulnerable to damage during clinical surgical positioning. It allows for specialized training in these areas, reducing the incidence of iatrogenic nerve injuries caused by improper positioning in real clinical scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a frontal structural diagram of a pressure feedback human body model for teaching surgical positioning and nerve compression according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a circuit connection block diagram of the signal processing module, pressure sensor group, and light indication module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an overall flowchart of the surgical positioning teaching method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] The system includes: 100 human body model body; 200 signal processing module; 310 pressure sensor; 320 light-emitting unit; 400 external power supply module; 500 threshold adjustment interface; and 600 sound alarm module. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this application clearer, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrates this application. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described in this specification are merely for explaining this application and are not intended to limit it.

[0022] The overall technical solution of the pressure feedback human body model and teaching method for teaching surgical positioning and nerve compression of the present invention will be described below.

[0023] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The pressure feedback human body model for teaching surgical positioning and nerve compression of the present invention comprises four core components: the human body model body, the pressure sensor group, the signal processing module, and the light prompt module. The technical content of each component is described in detail below.

[0024] The human body model is the basic carrier of this model, containing at least a torso and limbs, used to simulate the external physical form of the human body during surgical positioning. The human body model provides the operator with a positioning object that closely resembles a real human body, allowing the operator to practice positioning operations in various clinical surgical positions such as lateral decubitus, prone, and lithotomy positions on the model.

[0025] In this invention, the human body model may include an internal rigid support frame and a flexible skin layer covering the outside of the rigid support frame. The flexible skin layer is a covering layer made of a material with elasticity and a certain degree of softness, used to simulate the feel of human skin. The flexible skin layer can be made of a translucent or semi-translucent material. "Translucent" means that light can pass through the material and be visible on the outer surface; "semi-translucent" means that light can partially pass through the material, giving the outer surface a soft halo effect. The translucent properties of the flexible skin layer are the physical basis for allowing the indicator light of the light-emitting unit to shine outward from inside the model through the skin layer. In an alternative embodiment, the flexible skin layer can also be made of a non-translucent material. In this case, the light-emitting unit can be placed on the outer surface of the skin layer or the light can be guided to the outer surface of the skin layer through a light guide channel, which can also achieve the light indicator function. The choice of the flexible skin layer material does not affect the overall technical logic of the model's pressure sensing and light indicator.

[0026] In a further embodiment, the flexible skin layer can be made of silicone, polyurethane, or elastic textile fabric. A representative silicone material is platinum-cured liquid silicone, and a representative polyurethane material is thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. A representative elastic textile fabric is a spandex blend fabric, in which spandex is interwoven with nylon or polyester in a predetermined ratio. The common characteristics of these three types of materials are: they all possess elastic deformation recovery capability and a certain degree of light transmittance, all can simulate the feel of human skin, and allow light from the light-emitting unit to pass through.

[0027] The pressure sensor array includes multiple pressure sensors respectively disposed on the human body model at positions corresponding to the anatomical paths of superficial peripheral nerves. "Superficial peripheral nerves" refer to peripheral nerves that run superficially in the human anatomy and are easily damaged by external pressure during surgical positioning. Each pressure sensor is used to collect pressure values ​​at its corresponding location in real time and output pressure signals. The placement of the pressure sensors corresponds to the anatomical paths of the superficial peripheral nerves, enabling the sensors to sense the pressure magnitude at that anatomical location when the operator applies positioning manipulations to the model.

[0028] In this invention, the pressure sensor refers to a sensing element capable of converting pressure applied to its sensing surface into a measurable electrical signal. The pressure sensor can be, but is not limited to, the following types: resistive pressure sensor, piezoelectric pressure sensor, capacitive pressure sensor, or fiber optic pressure sensor. The commonality among different types of pressure sensors is that they all convert the mechanical pressure applied to the sensor's sensing surface into an electrical signal output corresponding to the pressure magnitude, and all possess sufficient sensitivity and response speed to meet the requirements of real-time pressure acquisition. In a further embodiment, the pressure sensor is a thin-film pressure sensor. Due to its thin thickness and high flexibility, the thin-film pressure sensor can conform to the curvature of the model surface, making it suitable for deployment on the complex curved surfaces of human body models without affecting the model's appearance and handling feel.

[0029] In a further embodiment, the superficial peripheral nerves of the human body include at least five of the following: ulnar nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, brachial plexus, sciatic nerve, common peroneal nerve, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. These seven nerves are the superficial peripheral nerves most susceptible to damage from external pressure during clinical surgical positioning. Each pressure sensor is respectively located at its corresponding bilateral anatomical path position. "Bilateral" means that pressure sensors are installed on both sides of the body symmetrically. The anatomical path positions corresponding to each nerve are as follows: ulnar nerve corresponds to the cubital tunnel region on the medial side of the elbow joint; radial nerve corresponds to the radial groove region on the lateral side of the upper arm; median nerve corresponds to the carpal tunnel region on the palmar side of the wrist; brachial plexus corresponds to the lateral neck and anterior axillary region; sciatic nerve corresponds to the ischial tuberosity projection region of the buttock; common peroneal nerve corresponds to the lateral region of the fibular head; and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve corresponds to the anterolateral thigh region.

[0030] A signal processing module is located inside the human body model and is electrically connected to each pressure sensor in the pressure sensor group. The signal processing module has preset pressure safety thresholds corresponding to each pressure sensor. It receives the pressure signals output by each pressure sensor and compares the pressure value with the corresponding pressure safety threshold. "Corresponding to each pressure sensor" means that pressure sensors at different anatomical locations correspond to different pressure safety threshold values, because the physiological tolerance of different superficial peripheral nerves varies. When the pressure value of any pressure sensor meets the threshold condition, the signal processing module generates a trigger signal.

[0031] In this invention, the signal processing module refers to an electronic module comprising signal conditioning circuitry and data processing logic, used to receive, amplify, digitize, and compare pressure signals. The signal processing module can be implemented, but is not limited to, the following: an embedded signal processing module based on a microcontroller, a signal processing module based on a programmable logic controller, or a signal processing module based on a digital signal processor. The commonality among these different implementations is that they all include a signal amplification circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, and a processing unit, and are all capable of acquiring, digitizing, and comparing pressure signals. In a further embodiment, the signal processing module includes a signal amplification circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, a microcontroller, and a memory, wherein the memory stores preset values ​​for various pressure safety thresholds.

[0032] The pressure safety threshold refers to the reference value used by the signal processing module to determine whether the pressure value exceeds the limit. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure safety threshold includes two dimensions: an instantaneous pressure threshold and a cumulative pressure threshold. The instantaneous pressure threshold is used to monitor whether the instantaneous pressure peak exceeds the limit, and the cumulative pressure threshold is used to monitor whether the cumulative effect of continuous pressure exceeds the limit. The two are combined using "OR" logic for judgment, that is, a trigger signal is generated if either condition is met. In alternative embodiments, only the instantaneous pressure threshold or only the cumulative pressure threshold can be set, or the two can be combined using "AND" logic for judgment. The choice of threshold judgment logic does not affect the overall technical path of this model: "collecting pressure—comparing thresholds—generating trigger signals—controlling lights".

[0033] The instantaneous threshold condition in the threshold condition is: the instantaneous pressure value collected by any of the pressure sensors. Greater than the instantaneous pressure threshold corresponding to the pressure sensor The cumulative threshold condition is as follows: the pressure values ​​continuously collected by any of the pressure sensors are discretely accumulated according to the sampling period, and the accumulated value is... Greater than or equal to the cumulative pressure threshold corresponding to the pressure sensor The formula for calculating the cumulative value is: ; in, For the first The pressure values ​​collected by the pressure sensor within each sampling period The duration of the sampling period. This represents the current cumulative sampling period number. In an alternative implementation, the cumulative value can also be calculated using continuous integration: ; in, For the pressure sensor at time Collected continuous pressure values, This represents the duration from the start of pressure application to the current moment. The commonality between the discrete accumulation method and the continuous integration method lies in the fact that both measure the cumulative effect of pressure over time, reflecting the product relationship between pressure and the duration of pressure application.

[0034] The light indicator module is electrically connected to the signal processing module and includes multiple light-emitting units. Each light-emitting unit is arranged on the human body model body in a one-to-one correspondence with the location of each pressure sensor. "One-to-one correspondence" means that each light-emitting unit is located at the same anatomical position or adjacent to the same anatomical position as a pressure sensor, so that when a pressure sensor detects pressure exceeding the threshold, the light-emitting unit corresponding to that sensor position emits an indicator light, allowing the operator to directly determine which area of ​​nerves is experiencing excessive pressure by observing the position of the light.

[0035] In this invention, the light-emitting unit refers to a component capable of converting electrical energy into visible light output. The light-emitting unit can be, but is not limited to, the following types: light-emitting diode (LED) beads, LED strips, electroluminescent sheets, or fiber optic lighting terminals. The commonality among different types of light-emitting units is that they can all emit visible light after receiving a trigger signal output from the signal processing module, and they can all be embedded inside or on the surface of the human body model. In a further embodiment, the light-emitting unit is a light-emitting diode (LED) bead, emitting a red indicator light that flashes upon triggering. In alternative embodiments, the light-emitting unit can also emit other colors of light, or it can indicate the presence of pressure through color changes, such as changing from green under normal conditions to red when pressure exceeds the limit.

[0036] See Figure 3 The surgical positioning teaching method of the present invention is implemented based on the above-mentioned pressure feedback human body model, including steps S1 to S4, and each step is described in detail below.

[0037] Step S1 involves placing the human model on the operating table, activating the signal processing module, confirming that all pressure sensors are functioning correctly, and setting all light-emitting units to their initial state. The purpose of this step is to ensure that the model's pressure sensing system and lighting system are usable before the formal teaching operation begins. "Confirming that all pressure sensors are functioning correctly" means that the signal processing module performs a self-test on each pressure sensor, verifying that the initial readings of each sensor are within a reasonable range when there is no external load, and ruling out sensor malfunctions or circuit breaks. "Setting all light-emitting units to their initial state" means that all light-emitting units are either off or in their normal indicator state before the teaching operation begins.

[0038] In a further embodiment, step S1 further includes: receiving external instructions through a threshold adjustment interface electrically connected to the signal processing module, and setting the pressure safety threshold values ​​corresponding to each pressure sensor according to the external instructions. This sub-step allows instructors to flexibly adjust the pressure safety thresholds of each nerve region according to different teaching stages, patient body characteristics, or surgical types to adapt to the needs of different teaching scenarios.

[0039] Step S2 involves positioning the human model according to the target surgical position. During this positioning process, each pressure sensor continuously collects the pressure value at its corresponding location and transmits the pressure signal to the signal processing module. The "target surgical position" refers to a specific position required according to the type of surgery, including lateral decubitus, prone, lithotomy, and supine positions. In step S2, the operator performs operations such as flipping, fixing, and elevating the model according to the surgical positioning specifications. During this process, each pressure sensor continuously operates, transmitting the sensed pressure value as a pressure signal to the signal processing module in real time. The pressure signal generated in step S2 constitutes the data input for the threshold comparison in step S3.

[0040] Step S3 involves the signal processing module comparing each received pressure value with its corresponding pressure safety threshold. When the pressure value of any pressure sensor meets the threshold condition, the signal processing module generates a trigger signal. The light indicator module then controls the light-emitting unit corresponding to the pressure sensor's location to emit the indicator light based on the trigger signal. Step S3 receives the pressure signal transmitted in step S2 as the processing object, uses the preset pressure safety threshold in step S1 as the judgment criterion, and generates a trigger signal and drives the light indicator when the pressure value meets the threshold condition.

[0041] In a further embodiment, before determining that the pressure value meets the threshold condition, the signal processing module in step S3 further includes a continuous sampling confirmation step. The continuous sampling confirmation step involves the signal processing module continuously sampling the pressure value a preset number of times when the pressure value of any pressure sensor exceeds the corresponding pressure safety threshold. Only when all samples collected for the preset number of times exceed the corresponding pressure safety threshold is the threshold condition determined to be met. The technical function of this continuous sampling confirmation step is to eliminate false triggering caused by transient noise or occasional interference, thereby improving the reliability of the trigger determination.

[0042] Step S4 involves the operator adjusting the body positioning according to the pressure location indicated by the indicator light until the pressure value drops below the pressure safety threshold and the indicator light turns off. Step S4 constitutes the feedback loop endpoint of this teaching method: after observing the indicator light, the operator identifies the nerve area with excessive pressure and actively adjusts the placement of the positioning pad, the tightness of the restraint straps, or the angle of the limb joints to reduce the pressure in that area. When the pressure value drops below the pressure safety threshold, the signal processing module no longer generates a trigger signal, the corresponding light-emitting unit turns off, and the operator confirms that the adjustment operation is effective.

[0043] The above is a description of the overall technical solution of the present invention. The following detailed description of each component and step is provided through specific embodiments.

[0044] Example 1 This embodiment uses a pressure feedback human body model for teaching the positioning of patients in lateral decubitus surgery as the application object, and describes in detail the components of the model and their structural relationships.

[0045] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The pressure feedback human body model for teaching surgical position nerve compression in this embodiment includes a human body model body 100, a pressure sensor group, a signal processing module 200, and a light prompt module.

[0046] The human body model 100 is a simulated human body model conforming to standard adult dimensions. The human body model 100 includes at least a torso and limbs, and its shape matches the standard adult body shape. The material of the human body model 100 includes an internal rigid support skeleton and a flexible skin layer covering the outside of the rigid support skeleton. The rigid support skeleton is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic and is used to maintain the overall structural shape of the human body model 100 and provide necessary mechanical support. The flexible skin layer is made of platinum-cured liquid silicone, with a Shore A hardness of 15, a light transmittance of 70%, and a thickness of 3 mm. The platinum-cured liquid silicone combines elastic deformation recovery and light transmittance, simulating the feel of human skin while allowing light from the light-emitting unit to pass through.

[0047] The pressure sensor group includes multiple thin-film pressure sensors 310. In this embodiment, the thin-film pressure sensors 310 are RP-C resistive pressure sensors with a measuring range of 20g to 10kg, an accuracy of ±2g, a response time of less than 10ms, an activation time of less than 0.01s, an output signal type of resistance value change, an operating temperature range of -40℃ to +85℃, and a durability of more than 1 million cycles. The thickness of the thin-film pressure sensors 310 is less than 1mm, which allows them to conform to the curvature of the model surface and be deployed on the complex curved surface of the model without affecting the model's appearance and handling.

[0048] In this embodiment, the pressure sensors 310 are arranged according to the subcutaneous anatomical pathways of the major superficial peripheral nerves of the human body. The superficial peripheral nerves covered in this embodiment include the ulnar nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, brachial plexus, sciatic nerve, common peroneal nerve, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (7 types). Pressure sensors 310 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of each nerve. The placement of each pressure sensor 310 is as follows: the bilateral ulnar nerves correspond to the cubital tunnel region on the medial side of the elbow joint; the bilateral radial nerves correspond to the radial groove region on the lateral side of the upper arm; the bilateral median nerves correspond to the carpal tunnel region on the palmar side of the wrist; the bilateral brachial plexus nerves correspond to the lateral neck and anterior axillary region; the bilateral sciatic nerves correspond to the ischial tuberosity projection region of the buttock; the bilateral common peroneal nerves correspond to the lateral region of the fibular head; and the bilateral lateral femoral cutaneous nerves correspond to the anterolateral thigh region. A total of 14 to 18 pressure sensors 310 are symmetrically arranged on both sides for these seven nerves. In this embodiment, a total of 16 thin-film pressure sensors 310 are deployed throughout the body, one for each of the eight nerve regions on each side. The brachial plexus, due to its anatomical course, crosses two regions: the lateral neck and the anterior axillary region, so two sensors are deployed on each side. Each thin-film pressure sensor 310 is embedded in the inner surface of the flexible skin layer or attached to the corresponding position on the outer surface of the rigid support frame.

[0049] The signal processing module 200 is disposed inside the torso of the human body model 100 and is electrically connected to all pressure sensors 310. The signal processing module 200 includes a signal amplification circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a microcontroller, and a memory. The signal amplification circuit uses an instrumentation amplifier with a magnification factor of 8000, converting and amplifying the weak resistance change signals output by the pressure sensors 310 to a voltage range recognizable by the ADC. The ADC has a 16-bit resolution and a sampling rate of 640Hz. The microcontroller is an embedded microprocessor with a main frequency of 48MHz, used to execute threshold comparison and judgment logic and generate trigger signals. The memory stores preset pressure safety threshold values ​​corresponding to each pressure sensor 310. The signal processing module 200 continuously receives pressure signals output by each pressure sensor 310, compares the pressure values ​​with the corresponding pressure safety thresholds in real time, and generates a trigger signal when the pressure value meets the threshold condition.

[0050] In this embodiment, the pressure safety threshold includes the instantaneous pressure threshold. and cumulative pressure threshold The two are combined using an "OR" logic for judgment. The instantaneous pressure threshold corresponding to each neural region. The settings are as follows: Ulnar nerve region =500g, radial nerve region = 500g, median nerve region = 400g, brachial plexus region = 500g, sciatic nerve area = 500g, common peroneal nerve area = 800g, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve region = 450g. Cumulative pressure thresholds for each neural region. Determined based on the instantaneous pressure threshold and the preset safe pressure duration.

[0051] The instantaneous threshold condition is: the instantaneous pressure value collected by any of the pressure sensors 310. The instantaneous pressure is greater than the threshold value corresponding to the pressure sensor 310. The cumulative threshold condition is as follows: the pressure values ​​continuously collected by any of the pressure sensors 310 are discretely accumulated according to the sampling period, and the accumulated value is... Greater than or equal to the cumulative pressure threshold corresponding to the pressure sensor 310 The formula for calculating the cumulative value is: ; in, For the first The pressure values ​​collected by the pressure sensor 310 within each sampling period are expressed in grams. In this embodiment, the sampling period duration is... = 10ms, This represents the cumulative number of sampling periods from the moment the pressure began to the current moment.

[0052] The light indicator module includes multiple light-emitting units 320. In this embodiment, the light-emitting units 320 are LED beads. Each light-emitting unit 320 is arranged on the human body model 100 in a one-to-one correspondence with the position of each thin-film pressure sensor 310. Each light-emitting unit 320 is embedded inside the flexible skin layer, so that the indicator light emitted by the light-emitting unit 320 can be seen outward through the flexible skin layer. The light-emitting unit 320 emits green light under normal conditions. When the signal processing module 200 generates a trigger signal, the light-emitting unit 320 corresponding to the trigger signal switches to red light and flashes at a frequency of 2Hz, clearly visible from the model surface, indicating the location of nerve areas that are excessively compressed during operation.

[0053] In this embodiment, the light-emitting unit 320 uses a through-hole 3mm dual-color LED bead, which can emit green and red light. The green light has a wavelength of 520nm to 535nm, the red light has a wavelength of 620nm to 635nm, and the luminous intensity is 500mcd.

[0054] This embodiment also includes an external power module 400, which is disposed on the surface of the model body 100 and electrically connected to the pressure sensor 310, the signal processing module 200, and the light-emitting unit 320 of the light indicator module via external power cables, providing operating power to the entire system. The external power module 400 supplies DC 12V, with a total power consumption of approximately 30W, and is powered by an input of AC 220V converted to DC 12V / 5A via an adapter. In an alternative embodiment, a built-in lithium battery with a capacity of 7000mAh can be used, providing approximately 2 hours of battery life.

[0055] This embodiment also includes a threshold adjustment interface 500, which is located on the back of the model body 100 and electrically connected to the signal processing module 200. It is used to connect to an external programming device to receive external commands to adjust the pressure safety threshold values ​​corresponding to each pressure sensor 310.

[0056] Example 2 This embodiment adds data storage and sound alarm functions to the structure of Embodiment 1.

[0057] The signal processing module 200 also includes a data storage unit and a data output interface. The data storage unit is electrically connected to the microcontroller and is used to record in real time the time series of pressure values ​​collected by each pressure sensor 310 during each training session, as well as the occurrence time and corresponding location information of threshold-exceeding events. The recorded content of the threshold-exceeding events includes the trigger time, duration, trigger location (corresponding neural region name), and peak pressure value. The data output interface is located on the model body 100 and uses a USB interface. The data output interface is electrically connected to the data storage unit and is used to export the training data stored in the data storage unit to an external computer. The training data is stored in CSV format for instructors to perform operational evaluation and performance analysis on an external computer.

[0058] This embodiment also includes an additional sound alarm module 600. The sound alarm module 600 is located inside the torso of the model body 100 and is electrically connected to the signal processing module 200. When the signal processing module 200 generates a trigger signal, the sound alarm module 600 simultaneously emits a short buzzing sound with a sound pressure level of 50 dB and a duration of 0.3 seconds, providing auditory assistance to alert the operator to the pressure area. The sound alarm module 600 works in conjunction with the light indicator module; when a trigger signal is generated, the corresponding light-emitting unit 320 emits a flashing red indicator light, while the sound alarm module 600 simultaneously emits a buzzing sound, achieving dual-channel alarm functionality (visual and auditory).

[0059] Example 3 Based on the structure of Embodiment 1, this embodiment details the specific implementation of threshold judgment in the signal processing module 200.

[0060] The microcontroller in the signal processing module 200 is an STM32F030 series microcontroller with a main frequency of 48MHz. The analog-to-digital converter is a 16-bit ADC module built into the microcontroller, with a sampling rate set to 640Hz, which is the sampling interval for each pressure sensor 310. The time is approximately 1.5625 ms. The signal amplification circuit uses an INA128 instrumentation amplifier with a magnification factor of 8000 to amplify the weak resistance change signal output by the pressure sensor 310 to a voltage range of 0V to 3.3V that the ADC can recognize.

[0061] The pressure safety threshold includes the instantaneous pressure threshold. and cumulative pressure threshold The two conditions are combined using an "OR" logic for judgment, meaning that an alarm will be generated if either condition is triggered.

[0062] Instantaneous pressure threshold determination: When a pressure sensor 310 instantaneously collects the pressure value... satisfy When the signal processing module 200 does not immediately determine that the threshold has been exceeded, it instead performs a continuous sampling confirmation step. The continuous sampling confirmation step involves the signal processing module 200 continuously collecting the pressure value three times, and confirming the value only if all three sampling results meet the specified threshold. Only after approximately 4.7 ms is the instantaneous threshold condition met, and a trigger signal is generated. The technical function of the continuous sampling confirmation step is to eliminate the possibility of false triggering caused by occasional pressure fluctuations due to transient electromagnetic interference or mechanical vibration.

[0063] Instantaneous pressure thresholds for each neural region The settings are as follows: Ulnar nerve region = 500g, radial nerve region = 500g, median nerve region = 400g, brachial plexus region = 500g, sciatic nerve area =500g, common peroneal nerve region = 800g, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve region = 450g. The instantaneous pressure threshold values ​​for each nerve region mentioned above are set based on the physiological tolerance limit of each nerve and clinical experience data. Different thresholds are set for different nerve regions due to their different anatomical depth and the thickness of the surrounding soft tissue.

[0064] Regarding the determination of the cumulative pressure threshold: a discrete accumulation method is used to calculate the pressure-time integral value. Cumulative value. The calculation formula is: ; in, For the first The pressure values ​​collected by the pressure sensor 310 within each sampling period are expressed in grams. In this embodiment, the sampling period duration is... = 1.5625ms, This represents the cumulative number of sampling periods from the start of the compression to the current time. When the cumulative pressure threshold is met, an overpressure alarm is triggered. The cumulative pressure thresholds for each nerve region are as follows: The setting is 600 g·min.

[0065] The light-emitting unit 320 uses a 3mm through-hole COB LED strip with a wavelength of 450nm to 465nm and a brightness of 500mcd. When the alarm is triggered, the light-emitting unit 320 flashes red light at a frequency of 2Hz. The flexible skin layer is made of platinum-cured liquid silicone with a Shore A hardness of 15, a light transmittance of 70%, and a thickness of 3mm. The external power supply module 400 is powered by a DC 12V / 2A power adapter, with a total power consumption of approximately 30W.

[0066] Example 4 This embodiment, based on embodiments one through three, details the specific implementation of the surgical positioning teaching method based on the pressure feedback human body model. This embodiment uses the lateral decubitus surgical positioning teaching and assessment scenario as an application scenario.

[0067] See Figure 3 The surgical positioning teaching method in this embodiment includes the following steps.

[0068] Step S1: Place the human model 100 on a standard operating table, turn on the external power module 400, and start the signal processing module 200. The signal processing module 200 performs a self-test program on each pressure sensor 310 to verify that the initial readings of all 16 pressure sensors 310 are within the range of 0g to 2g, confirming that each pressure sensor 310 is working normally. After the self-test passes, all light-emitting units 320 are placed in the initial state, which in this embodiment is to emit green light. Connect an external programming device through the threshold adjustment interface 500, and set the instantaneous pressure threshold corresponding to each pressure sensor 310 according to the instructions sent by the external programming device. The values ​​in Example 3 represent the cumulative pressure threshold. The setting is 600 g·min.

[0069] Step S2: The trainee rotates the human body model 100 to the left lateral decubitus position according to the side-lying positioning requirements. During the positioning process, the trainee places a positioning pad under the model's armpits to protect the brachial plexus, between the knees to protect the common peroneal nerve and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and to the side of the head to maintain a neutral cervical spine position. During the positioning operation, each pressure sensor 310 collects the pressure value at the corresponding location in real time and continuously transmits the pressure signal to the signal processing module 200.

[0070] Step S3: The signal processing module 200 compares each received pressure value with its corresponding instantaneous pressure threshold. and cumulative pressure threshold Comparison. Trainees used restraint straps to fix the model's limbs. If the right upper limb was improperly fixed, it would cause the pressure sensor 310 reading in the area corresponding to the ulnar nerve on the medial side of the elbow to drop. Greater than the corresponding (500g) The signal processing module 200 continuously collects pressure values ​​three times. Since all three sampling results exceed 500g, the signal processing module 200 determines that the instantaneous over-threshold condition is met and generates a trigger signal. The light indicator module controls the light-emitting unit 320 corresponding to the position of the pressure sensor 310 to switch from green to red and flash at a frequency of 2Hz, based on the trigger signal. The sound alarm module 600 simultaneously emits a short beep.

[0071] Step S4: Based on the pressure location indicated by the flashing red light (inner side of the right elbow), the trainee adjusts the tightness of the right upper limb restraints and the position of the elbow padding to gradually reduce the pressure on the ulnar nerve region on the inner side of the elbow. When the pressure sensor 310 detects that the pressure value in this area has dropped to the corresponding instantaneous pressure threshold... Below, and cumulative value Less than At this time, the signal processing module 200 stops generating trigger signals, the corresponding light-emitting unit 320 returns from flashing red to a solid green, and the buzzer stops. The trainee can then confirm that the adjustment operation is effective.

[0072] Step S5: After training, the training data recorded in the data storage unit of the signal processing module 200 is used to statistically analyze the total number of threshold events, the triggering location, and the duration of each threshold event during the training process. The instructor exports the training data to an external computer via the data output interface. The exported data includes: the pressure value time series of each pressure sensor 310, threshold event records (including triggering time, duration, triggering location, and peak pressure value), and total training time information. The instructor compares the total number of threshold events with a preset evaluation standard and outputs the operational compliance evaluation result. In this embodiment, the preset evaluation standard is: 0 threshold events are rated as excellent, 1 to 2 as qualified, and 3 or more as requiring retraining.

[0073] Example 5 This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, details another implementation of the flexible skin layer.

[0074] The flexible skin layer is made of a translucent spandex blend fabric. This fabric is composed of spandex and nylon interwoven in a predetermined ratio, with spandex content ranging from 10% to 20% and nylon content from 80% to 90%. The translucent spandex blend fabric combines elasticity and breathability, mimicking the feel of human skin while allowing light from the light-emitting unit to pass through. In an alternative embodiment, the translucent spandex blend fabric can also be composed of spandex and polyester interwoven in the aforementioned ratio. The light-emitting unit 320 is embedded on the inner side of the translucent spandex blend fabric. When the light-emitting unit 320 is triggered to emit a red flashing light, the red light passes through the translucent spandex blend fabric, forming a soft red halo on the outer surface of the model. The operator can observe the position of the red halo from the outer surface of the model.

[0075] In this embodiment, the external power module 400 uses a built-in rechargeable lithium battery with a capacity of 7000mAh, an output voltage of DC 12V, and a battery life of approximately 2 hours. The built-in rechargeable lithium battery is located inside the body of the model 100 and is connected to an external charger via a charging interface. This built-in rechargeable lithium battery power supply eliminates the limitation of an external power cord during use, facilitating its movement between different teaching locations.

[0076] In summary, the embodiments disclosed herein have at least the following technical effects: By placing pressure sensors on the human body model at locations corresponding to the anatomical pathways of superficial peripheral nerves, and using a lighting module to achieve a one-to-one correspondence between the pressure sensors and the light-emitting units, the invisible risk of nerve compression is transformed into an intuitive visual signal. When trainees are positioned, if improper operation causes excessive pressure on key nerve areas, the corresponding area will immediately emit a warning light, realizing an instant closed-loop teaching system of "operation-feedback".

[0077] By presetting pressure safety thresholds corresponding to each pressure sensor in the signal processing module, the traditional teaching method of relying solely on subjective experience is changed, enabling training to have objective quantitative standards and helping to cultivate medical staff's quantitative perception of safety pressure.

[0078] This model covers several superficial peripheral nerves that are most vulnerable to damage during clinical surgical positioning. It allows for specialized training in these areas, reducing the incidence of iatrogenic nerve injuries caused by improper positioning in real clinical scenarios.

[0079] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressure feedback human body model for teaching surgical positioning and nerve compression, characterized in that, include: The human body model body includes at least a torso and limbs; The pressure sensor group includes multiple pressure sensors respectively disposed on the human body model body at positions corresponding to the anatomical paths of superficial peripheral nerves of the human body. Each pressure sensor is used to collect pressure values ​​at the corresponding position in real time and output pressure signals. A signal processing module is disposed inside the human body model body and electrically connected to each of the pressure sensors in the pressure sensor group. The signal processing module has a preset pressure safety threshold corresponding to each of the pressure sensors. It is used to receive the pressure signal output by each pressure sensor and compare the pressure value with the corresponding pressure safety threshold. When the pressure value of any pressure sensor meets the threshold condition, a trigger signal is generated. as well as The light indicator module is electrically connected to the signal processing module. The light indicator module includes multiple light-emitting units, each of which is arranged on the human body model body in a one-to-one correspondence with the setting position of each pressure sensor. It is used to control the light-emitting unit at the corresponding position to emit an indicator light when the signal processing module generates the trigger signal.

2. The pressure feedback human body model for teaching surgical positioning and nerve compression according to claim 1, characterized in that, The superficial peripheral nerves of the human body include at least five of the following nerves: ulnar nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, brachial plexus, sciatic nerve, common peroneal nerve, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Each of the pressure sensors is respectively located at the bilateral anatomical path position corresponding to the at least five nerves.

3. The pressure feedback human body model for teaching surgical positioning and nerve compression according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure safety threshold includes an instantaneous pressure threshold and a cumulative pressure threshold. The threshold exceeding conditions include an instantaneous threshold exceeding condition and a cumulative threshold exceeding condition. The instantaneous threshold exceeding condition and the cumulative threshold exceeding condition are determined by combining them using "OR" logic. The instantaneous threshold condition is defined as: the instantaneous pressure value collected by any of the pressure sensors. Greater than the instantaneous pressure threshold corresponding to the pressure sensor The cumulative threshold condition is as follows: the pressure values ​​continuously collected by any of the pressure sensors are discretely accumulated according to the sampling period, and the accumulated value is... Greater than or equal to the cumulative pressure threshold corresponding to the pressure sensor The formula for calculating the cumulative value is: ； in, For the first The pressure values ​​collected by the pressure sensor within each sampling period The duration of the sampling period. This represents the current cumulative number of sampling periods.

4. The pressure feedback human body model for teaching surgical positioning and nerve compression according to claim 1, characterized in that, The human body model body includes an internal rigid support skeleton and a flexible skin layer covering the outside of the rigid support skeleton. The flexible skin layer is made of a light-transmitting or semi-light-transmitting material, and each of the light-emitting units is embedded in the inner side of the flexible skin layer, so that the indicator light can be displayed outward through the flexible skin layer.

5. The pressure feedback human body model for teaching surgical positioning and nerve compression according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a sound alarm module, which is electrically connected to the signal processing module and is used to synchronously issue a sound alarm when the signal processing module generates the trigger signal.

6. The pressure feedback human model for teaching surgical positioning and nerve compression according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The signal processing module further includes a data storage unit and a data output interface. The data storage unit is used to record the time series of the pressure values ​​collected by each pressure sensor, as well as the occurrence time and corresponding location information of the over-threshold event. The data output interface is used to export the data stored in the data storage unit to an external device.

7. A surgical positioning teaching method, implemented based on the pressure feedback human body model according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Place the human body model on the operating table, start the signal processing module, confirm that each pressure sensor is working properly, and set each light-emitting unit to its initial state; Step S2: Perform a positioning operation on the human body model according to the target surgical position. During the positioning operation, each pressure sensor collects the pressure value at the corresponding position in real time and transmits the pressure signal to the signal processing module. Step S3: The signal processing module compares each received pressure value with the corresponding pressure safety threshold. When the pressure value of any pressure sensor meets the threshold condition, the signal processing module generates the trigger signal, and the light prompt module controls the light-emitting unit corresponding to the position of the pressure sensor to emit the prompt light according to the trigger signal. as well as Step S4: The operator adjusts the body position according to the pressure position indicated by the indicator light until the pressure value drops below the pressure safety threshold and the indicator light goes out.

8. The surgical positioning teaching method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that, Step S1 further includes: receiving external instructions through a threshold adjustment interface electrically connected to the signal processing module, and setting the value of the pressure safety threshold corresponding to each pressure sensor according to the external instructions.

9. The surgical positioning teaching method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, before determining that the pressure value meets the threshold condition, the signal processing module further includes a continuous sampling confirmation step: when the pressure value of any pressure sensor exceeds the corresponding pressure safety threshold, the signal processing module continuously samples the pressure value a preset number of times. Only when the sampling results of the preset number of times all exceed the corresponding pressure safety threshold is it determined that the threshold condition is met and the trigger signal is generated.

10. The surgical positioning teaching method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method also includes step S5: after step S4 is completed, the training data recorded by the data storage unit set in the signal processing module is used to count the total number of over-threshold events, the trigger position and duration of each over-threshold event during the training process, and the operation standardization evaluation result is output based on the comparison between the total number of over-threshold events and the preset evaluation standard.

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