A method for improving acid sugarcane field soil by composting and preventing and controlling sugarcane soil-borne diseases

Abstract

The application discloses a method for improving acid sugarcane field soil by composting and preventing and controlling sugarcane soil-borne diseases, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural soil improvement and plant disease prevention and control. The application mixes, grinds and mixes radix astragali residues, licorice residues and wormwood residues at a ratio of 1:1:1, adds 7-9 kg per cubic meter in the process of filtering mud and composting, carries out three-stage composting in cooperation with limestone powder, and applies the composting product to a sugarcane planting field. Tests show that after the application, the pH value of the acid soil is increased from 4.34 to above 6.5 within 30 days, the decrease amplitude of active aluminum reaches 72.7%, and the incidence of stem base rot can be controlled to be 1.90%-3.30%. The application realizes resource utilization of sugar mill filter mud and traditional Chinese medicine residues in cooperation, realizes acid soil improvement and green prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, and provides a low-cost technical scheme for a sugarcane area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural soil improvement and plant disease control technology, specifically relating to a method for improving acidic sugarcane field soil with compost and controlling soil-borne diseases in sugarcane. Background Technology

[0003] For the improvement of acidic soils, existing technical approaches can be broadly categorized into chemical and organic methods. Chemical improvement primarily relies on the application of alkaline materials such as lime and dolomite powder to raise the soil pH, offering direct short-term effects, but with significant limitations: lime-like substances have poor mobility in the soil, mainly affecting the surface layer; long-term, large-scale application can lead to soil compaction and micronutrient imbalances. More importantly, simply adjusting pH cannot address the issues of organic matter deficiency and microbial community imbalance. Organic improvement, on the other hand, involves applying well-rotted organic fertilizers and green manure to replenish soil organic matter and improve soil structure. However, conventional organic materials have long composting cycles and limited passivation capabilities for active aluminum in acidic soils. In recent years, research on the resource utilization of industrial and agricultural organic waste for soil improvement has increased, with sugar mill filter mud being a particularly noteworthy example. Filter mud is a byproduct of the sugar pressing process, possessing a high organic matter content and a relatively balanced nutrient profile including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. After composting, its return to the field can both absorb industrial waste and replenish organic matter for sugarcane fields. However, conventional filter mud compost products have a low pH value and relatively limited functions. When applied to highly acidic soils, their acid-reducing and soil-improving effects are not ideal, and they lack the ability to actively control soil-borne diseases.

[0004] In terms of controlling soil-borne diseases, current methods mainly rely on chemical pesticides and crop rotation. While chemical control is effective, problems such as pesticide residues and increased pathogen resistance are becoming increasingly prominent. Although crop rotation is effective, its large-scale implementation is difficult given the limited land resources and monoculture of sugarcane-growing areas. Against this backdrop, the idea of ​​using organic materials with antibacterial activity for soil improvement is gaining attention. Traditional Chinese medicine residue, a major solid waste from the pharmaceutical industry, contains abundant organic matter and various active ingredients, and patents have disclosed methods for its use in preparing bio-organic fertilizer. In the field of filter mud composting, some studies have also added traditional Chinese medicine residue as a carbon source to filter mud composting systems. However, the problem lies in the significant differences in the composition and bioactivity of traditional Chinese medicine residue due to variations in the source of the medicinal materials and extraction processes. The mechanisms of action of different combinations on the soil environment and soil-borne diseases are unclear. Especially for the dual needs of "soil improvement" and "disease prevention" in acidic sugarcane fields, systematic research reports are still lacking, from screening the types and combinations of traditional Chinese medicine residue to determining the optimal addition amount.

[0005] Combining filter mud and traditional Chinese medicine residue for utilization makes sense in terms of resource complementarity—filter mud provides the organic framework and basic nutrients, while traditional Chinese medicine residue provides functional components with potential antibacterial activity. However, truly achieving synergistic composting of the two is not simply a matter of mixing the materials together; at least several issues need to be addressed: the active ingredients in different types of traditional Chinese medicine residue vary greatly, so how should they be selected and formulated to be effective against soil-borne diseases in sugarcane? How should the amount added be determined? Too little will not produce the desired effect, while too much may hinder the composting process or even have adverse effects; when and how much limestone powder should be added to both reduce acidity and avoid diluting the antibacterial efficacy of the traditional Chinese medicine residue; how should the composting process parameters be adjusted to simultaneously ensure composting efficiency and the retention of active ingredients? These issues cannot be circumvented by simply piling up existing technologies; systematic experiments are needed to clarify them one by one.

[0006] This invention was proposed against this technical background. Specifically, it involves mixing astragalus residue, licorice residue, and artemisia residue in a 1:1:1 ratio, adding them during the composting process of filter mud, and combining them with limestone powder for composting. Experimental results show that this method can effectively increase the pH value of acidic soils, passivate active aluminum, and significantly control the incidence of sugarcane wilt, stem rot, and root rot. In this way, sugar mill filter mud and medicinal herb residue are synergistically utilized as resources, and the improvement of acidified and barren soils and the control of soil-borne diseases are addressed in the same technical solution, demonstrating good ecological benefits and promising prospects for widespread application. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for improving acidic sugarcane soil through composting and controlling soil-borne diseases in sugarcane. It aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing filter mud compost products, such as limited functionality, limited effectiveness in improving acidic soil, and lack of proactive disease control capabilities. It also addresses the technical challenges of unclear compatibility and dosage of medicinal herb residue in filter mud composting, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve both soil improvement and disease prevention goals. This invention involves mixing astragalus residue, licorice residue, and artemisia residue in a specific ratio, adding them in stages during filter mud composting, and co-composting with limestone powder. Experiments have shown that this method effectively increases the pH value of acidic soil, passivates active aluminum, and significantly reduces the incidence of sugarcane wilt, stem rot, and root rot. It achieves the synergistic resource utilization of both sugar mill filter mud and medicinal herb residue, providing a practical technical solution for integrated soil improvement and disease prevention in acidic sugarcane fields, demonstrating good ecological benefits and promising application prospects.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A method for improving acidic sugarcane field soil through composting and controlling soil-borne diseases in sugarcane includes the following steps:

[0010] (1) Mix the astragalus residue, licorice residue and mugwort residue in a weight ratio of 1:1:1, grind them to 60 mesh, and adjust the moisture content to 55%-60% to obtain mixed Chinese medicine residue;

[0011] (2) The filter mud from the sugar factory was composted for the first time for 8 days;

[0012] (3) After the first composting is completed, add 5-9 kg of the above-mentioned mixed Chinese medicine residue per cubic meter of filter mud, mix evenly, and then carry out the second composting for 8 days;

[0013] (4) After the second composting is completed, add 180 kg of limestone powder per cubic meter of filter mud, mix evenly, and then compost for a third time for 7 days to obtain decomposed filter mud.

[0014] (5) Apply the decomposed filter mud to the sugarcane planting area.

[0015] To further explain, the amount of mixed Chinese herbal medicine residue added in step (3) is 7-9 kg per cubic meter of filter mud.

[0016] To further explain, the amount of mixed Chinese herbal medicine residue added in step (3) is 9 kg per cubic meter of filter mud.

[0017] To further explain, the height of the first compost pile in step (2) is 1.5m, the width is 2m, and the moisture content of the pile is maintained at 55%-60%.

[0018] To further explain, during the second composting period described in step (3), the compost pile is turned over once a day, and the temperature of the pile is maintained at 55-60℃.

[0019] To further explain, the limestone powder mentioned in step (4) has a fineness of 80 mesh and a calcium content of ≥90%.

[0020] To further clarify, the amount of composted filter mud applied in step (5) is 1.0 cubic meters per mu.

[0021] To further clarify, the aforementioned soil-borne diseases of sugarcane include sugarcane wilt, sugarcane stem base rot, and sugarcane root rot.

[0022] The present invention also provides the application of the method described above in soil amendment and fertilization materials for sugarcane cultivation in acidic soils.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] Compared to existing technologies, the most direct improvement of this invention lies in combining two tasks into one. Previously, soil improvement and disease prevention were separate processes. Either lime was used to artificially raise the pH level, but this didn't help with disease control, or organic fertilizer was applied to replenish soil fertility but couldn't combat soil-borne pathogens. Furthermore, filter mud compost products themselves had limited functionality and their effectiveness in improving acidic soils was very limited. This invention, through a specific combination of three traditional Chinese medicine residues—Astragalus membranaceus residue, licorice residue, and Artemisia argyi residue—added in stages during the filter mud composting process, and further enhanced by limestone powder for synergistic composting, allows soil improvement and disease prevention to be achieved simultaneously within the same compost material.

[0025] In terms of soil improvement effects, soil treated with the decomposed filter mud of this invention showed a pH level that rose from 4.34 to over 6.5 within 30 days and remained stable throughout the sugarcane growing season, unlike the dramatic fluctuations seen with lime application alone. Simultaneously, the active aluminum content in the soil continuously decreased, with a reduction of over 70% by 270 days. These improvements go beyond just impressive experimental data—the improved rhizosphere environment visibly enhanced the sugarcane's growth. More importantly, unlike simply spreading limestone powder to lower acidity, this approach also introduces organic matter and improves soil structure, preventing the long-term problems associated with lime application alone, such as surface compaction and micronutrient imbalances.

[0026] The effectiveness in disease control is equally clear. Taking stem rot as an example, the incidence rate was reduced to 1.90% after 240 days of planting, nearly 80% lower than the low-dose treatment; the incidence rates of root rot and wilt also decreased to varying degrees, and the high-dose treatment (5-9 kg / m²) showed a significant reduction. 3 The control effect of this method is significantly better than that of low dosage. Interestingly, the incidence of stem rot first increased and then decreased after planting, indicating that this compost material does not simply work by immediate sterilization, but may also contain components that have a sustained antibacterial effect or induce plant resistance. This characteristic is something that conventional organic material composting cannot achieve.

[0027] From another perspective, filter mud and medicinal herb residue were both troublesome wastes, one from sugar mills and the other from pharmaceutical factories. Previously, they were processed and disposed of separately, resulting in high costs and low efficiency. This time, we've incorporated both into a single technical solution—the filter mud provides the organic framework and basic nutrients, the medicinal herb residue contributes functional active ingredients, and the limestone powder specifically adjusts the acidity. Each component has its own role while working together, effectively combining "waste disposal, acidified soil improvement, and soil-borne disease control" into one solution. For sugarcane growing areas, this means eliminating the need for separate investments in soil improvement and disease prevention; one set of materials does two jobs, significantly lowering the barrier to entry for widespread adoption. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and reagents used in the embodiments are commercially available.

[0029] Preliminary research experiments

[0030] I. Experimental Materials

[0031] The sugarcane variety used in the test was Guitang 44. Healthy seed stalks that were uniform in size, free from pests and diseases, and with plump buds were selected and cut into seed segments containing 2-3 buds (each segment was about 15-20cm long). The segments were then soaked in a 500-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 10 minutes for disinfection, and then drained for later use.

[0032] Chinese medicine residue: Astragalus residue, licorice residue, and mugwort residue are all taken from the dried residue after the extraction of Chinese medicine. The moisture content is ≤15%. After being crushed by a pulverizer and passed through a 60-mesh sieve, they are mixed evenly in a weight ratio of 1:1:1 and set aside.

[0033] Filter mud: Fresh filter mud taken from the sugar mill's pressing workshop, with a moisture content of 65%-70% and an organic matter content of about 25%-30%.

[0034] Limestone powder: 80 mesh fineness, calcium content ≥90%.

[0035] The tested soil was collected from a representative acidified and barren plot in a sugarcane-growing area of ​​Guangxi. The soil type was clay loam, and the basic physicochemical properties were: pH 4.34, organic matter 12.6 g / kg, topsoil thickness 12 cm, and bulk density 1.13 g / cm³. 3 The active aluminum content is 228 mg / kg. The soil is prepared for use after being naturally air-dried and free of stones and plant debris.

[0036] II. Experimental Preparation

[0037] (a) Filter mud composting treatment

[0038] Five treatments (T1-T5) with different amounts of Chinese medicinal residue were set up according to Table 1, with each treatment pile having a filter mud size of 3m³. 3 (Height 1.5m, width 2m, length 1m), the limestone powder addition rate for each treatment is 180kg / m³. 3 The composting process is the same as the three-stage composting process described in Example 1. After composting is completed, samples were taken to determine the basic properties of the composted filter mud for each treatment. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0039] Table 1 Design of the amount of medicinal residue added in each treatment

[0040]

[0041] Table 2 Basic properties of composted filter mud for each treatment

[0042]

[0043] As shown in Table 2, the appearance of the decomposed filter mud in each treatment met the decomposition standard. The pH value increased slightly with the increase of the amount of Chinese herbal medicine residue added, and the organic matter content also showed an increasing trend with the increase of the amount added. However, the differences between the treatments were not significant, and they all remained at a relatively high level of 25%-28%.

[0044] (ii) Field trial design

[0045] The experimental site was selected as a flat, well-lit, well-drained plot with uniform soil texture. A randomized block design was adopted, with 5 treatments (T1-T5), each treatment replicated 3 times, for a total of 15 plots. The plot area was 25m². 2 (5m x 5m), with 50cm isolation rows between each small section and 1.5m wide protective rows around the perimeter. Before planting, the soil is uniformly tilled to a depth of 35cm, weeds and stones are removed, and the land is leveled. The amount of well-rotted filter mud used for each treatment is uniformly 1.0m³. 3 / mu, equivalent to every 25m 2 Apply 37.5 kg of the mixture to the entire soil layer and then mix it thoroughly by rotary tillage.

[0046] Sugarcane is planted with a row spacing of 1.2m and a plant spacing of 0.5m, with 4 rows and 10 plants per row in each plot, for a total of 40 plants (with spacing reserved at the edges). The seed stalks are sown at a depth of 12cm, and after sowing, the soil is covered and compacted, and then watered to settle the roots.

[0047] III. Test Items and Measurement Methods

[0048] (a) Soil pH measurement

[0049] Sampling time: before planting (0 days) and 30, 90, 150, 210 and 270 days after planting, for a total of 6 times.

[0050] Sampling method: Five sampling points were selected in each plot using the diagonal method. Soil from the 0-20cm topsoil layer was collected, mixed evenly, and used as one sample. Each treatment was repeated three times to obtain a total of three independent samples.

[0051] Determination method: Potentiometric method. After the soil sample was air-dried, it was sieved through a 2 mm sieve. Distilled water was added at a soil-to-water ratio of 1:2.5 (mass-to-volume ratio). The mixture was shaken for 30 min and allowed to stand for 30 min. The supernatant was measured using a pH meter calibrated with a standard buffer solution. Each sample was measured in triplicate, and the average value was recorded.

[0052] (II) Determination of active aluminum content in soil

[0053] Sampling time and method: Sampling was carried out simultaneously with soil pH measurement at the same location.

[0054] Determination method: 0.02 mol / L CaCl2 extraction-atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used. 10.00 g of air-dried soil sample (passed through a 2 mm sieve) was placed in a 150 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and 50 mL of 0.02 mol / L CaCl2 solution was added. The flask was capped and shaken on a reciprocating shaker for 2 h (vibration frequency 200 r / min). After shaking, the suspension was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 3000 r / min for 10 min. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.45 μm filter membrane, and the Al content in the filtrate was determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (air-acetylene flame method, wavelength 309.3 nm). 3+ Concentration. Each sample was measured in triplicate, and the average value was taken. The concentration was then converted to oven-dried soil moisture content based on the soil moisture content. A standard curve was plotted by simultaneously measuring a series of standard solutions during the testing process to ensure the correlation coefficient R0. 2 ≥0.999.

[0055] (III) Investigation of soil-borne diseases in sugarcane

[0056] Survey time: 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days, 180 days, 210 days and 240 days after planting, a total of 7 times (the original plan was 6 times, from 60 days to 240 days, with an interval of 1 survey every 30 days).

[0057] Investigation method: Each plant in each plot was observed individually, and the number of diseased plants and the disease severity were recorded. The disease grading standards are as follows:

[0058] Grade 0: Disease-free, plant growing normally, no visible lesions at the base of the stem and roots;

[0059] Grade 1: Mild disease, with lesions on the stem base or roots covering less than 10% of the total area, and the plant is growing normally;

[0060] Grade 2: Moderate disease severity, with lesions covering 10%-30% of the plant's surface area, resulting in yellowing or mild wilting of the leaves;

[0061] Level 3: Severe disease, with lesions covering more than 30% of the plant area, resulting in severe wilting, stunting, or death of the plant.

[0062] The survey covered three soil-borne diseases of sugarcane: wilt (typical symptoms include yellowing and drying of leaves from top to bottom, and reddish-brown vascular bundles after the stem is cut open), stem base rot (typical symptoms include water-soaked browning at the base of the stem, which rots in the later stages and the plant is prone to lodging), and root rot (typical symptoms include browning and rotting of the roots, and extensive necrosis of the absorbing roots).

[0063] Incidence rate (%) = (Number of infected plants / Total number of plants surveyed) × 100%, rounded to two decimal places. Each treatment was repeated three times, and the average value was taken.

[0064] (iv) Data processing

[0065] All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Excel and SPSS software were used for data processing and descriptive statistical analysis to calculate the mean and standard deviation of each treatment group at different measurement time points. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the significance of differences between treatments with different amounts of Chinese herbal residue added at the same measurement time point. If the difference reached a significant level (P < 0.05), further Duncan's method was used. ， Multiple comparisons were performed using the new multiple range method. The experimental results are presented in the form of mean ± standard deviation. The significance of differences between treatments at the same measurement time point is indicated in the table with lowercase letters (different letters in the same column indicate significant differences between treatments, P < 0.05; the same letter indicates no significant difference, P > 0.05). Based on this, trend charts were plotted to compare the numerical differences and patterns of change among the treatment groups.

[0066] IV. Experimental Results

[0067] (I) Effects of different amounts of Chinese herbal medicine residue added on soil pH

[0068] Table 3. Changes in soil pH under different amounts of Chinese medicinal herb residue added.

[0069]

[0070] Note: The data in the table are "mean ± standard deviation" (n = 3 replicates × 3 parallel determinations = 9 data points); different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences between different treatments at the same determination time point (P < 0.05), the same applies below.

[0071] Table 3 shows that the soil pH value significantly increased after the application of decomposed filter mud in all treatments compared to before planting. Before planting, the soil pH value of each treatment was around 4.34, with no significant difference (P>0.05), which falls within the range of strongly acidic soil. 30 days after application, the pH value of all treatments had risen above 6.5, with no significant difference (P>0.05). Treatment T5 reached 6.91, significantly higher than all other treatments (P<0.05), while treatment T1 reached 6.52, significantly lower than other treatments (P<0.05), but had moved out of the strongly acidic range. There was no significant difference between T2 and T3 at 30 days (P>0.05), while there was a significant difference between T4 and T5 (P<0.05). From a temporal perspective, the pH value of each treatment reached its highest point around 90 days, with T5 reaching 6.97 at 90 days and T1 reaching 6.63. Although the pH values ​​of each treatment subsequently dropped slightly, they remained stable overall, and by day 270, the pH values ​​of each treatment were still between 6.47 and 6.81, indicating that the decomposed filter mud has good and sustained regulation of soil acidity.

[0072] A cross-sectional comparison between different treatments showed that, at the same measurement time, a higher amount of medicinal herb residue added was associated with a higher soil pH. This relationship was consistent across all time points, and significant differences were observed between high and low dosage treatments. Treatment T5 (9 kg / m³) 3 The T1 treatment (1 kg / m³) maintained the highest level across all periods, reaching 6.81 at 270 days, significantly higher than T1, T2, and T3 (P < 0.05), but not significantly different from T4 (6.69) (P > 0.05). The T1 treatment consistently maintained the lowest level, reaching 6.47 at 270 days, a difference of 0.34 units. The T2 and T3 treatments were in the middle, reaching 6.49 and 6.52 respectively at 270 days, with no significant difference between them throughout the monitoring period (P > 0.05), indicating that the 3 kg / m³ treatment was the most effective. 3 With 5kg / m 3 There was no fundamental difference in the pH-raising effect between the two addition amounts. Overall, the addition of medicinal herb residue significantly raised the pH, with higher dosages resulting in a greater increase. However, when the dosage reached 7 kg / m³ or higher, the increase in pH was not significant. This may be related to the alkaline substances released during the decomposition of the medicinal herb residue and the buffering effect brought about by the increased organic matter content.

[0073] (II) Effects of different amounts of Chinese medicinal herb residue added on the content of active aluminum in soil

[0074] Table 4. Changes in soil active aluminum content under different amounts of Chinese medicinal herb residue added (unit: mg / kg)

[0075]

[0076] Table 4 shows that the active aluminum content in the soil of all treatments showed a continuous decreasing trend with the extension of planting time. Before planting, the active aluminum content of all treatments was approximately 228.0 mg / kg, with no significant difference between treatments (P>0.05). The entire decreasing process can be roughly divided into two stages: the decrease was relatively rapid in the first 150 days, with the decrease in each treatment ranging from 28.2% to 68.2%, and the differences between all treatments at each time point were significant (P<0.05); after 150 days, the rate of decrease slowed down significantly, and the curve gradually flattened. This trend corresponds to the upward trend of pH value: the stage of rapid pH increase is precisely the stage of rapid decrease in active aluminum.

[0077] Within the same measurement time point, a clear negative correlation was observed between the amount of Chinese herbal medicine residue added and the content of active aluminum; that is, the higher the dosage, the lower the active aluminum content, and the differences among all treatments were significant at each time point (P<0.05). At 270 days, the active aluminum content in treatment T5 had decreased to 62.3 mg / kg, a 72.7% reduction from the initial value, significantly lower than all other treatments (P<0.05); while treatment T1 still had 147.1 mg / kg at the same time point, with a reduction of only 35.5%, significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05). Notably, the difference between the two high-dosage treatments, T4 and T5, at 270 days was only 7.2 mg / kg, but the difference was still significant (P<0.05), indicating that the addition of 9 kg / m³ still had a significant effect on active aluminum passivation (7 kg / m³). 3 The lasting effects are irreplaceable. Overall, medicinal herb residue can effectively promote the passivation of active aluminum in acidic soils, and the mechanism may include two aspects: first, the increase in pH value directly promotes the passivation of Al. 3+ The hydrolysis and precipitation reaction, and the organic ligands in the decomposed filter mud react with Al. 3+ A stable organo-aluminum complex was formed. Higher dosage treatments, due to their higher organic matter content and stronger pH buffering capacity, resulted in a more durable passivation effect.

[0078] (III) Effects of different amounts of Chinese herbal medicine residue added on the incidence of soil-borne diseases in sugarcane

[0079] Table 5. Incidence rate of sugarcane wilt under different amounts of Chinese medicinal residue added (%)

[0080]

[0081] The results of the Fusarium wilt survey show that, as shown in Table 5, the incidence rate of Fusarium wilt in each treatment showed a slow upward trend from 60 days to 240 days, but the increase was not significant, and no obvious peak in incidence was observed throughout the monitoring period. Taking T1 as an example, the incidence rate gradually increased from 9.84% at 60 days to 12.86% at 240 days, an increase of about 3%; while in T5 it increased from 8.69% to 10.41%, an increase of about 1.7%.

[0082] A cross-sectional comparison between different treatments showed that at all time points, T5 had the lowest incidence rate and T1 had the highest, indicating that the higher the amount of medicinal residue used, the lower the incidence of wilt disease. At 60 and 90 days, there was no significant difference between T1 and T2 / T3 (P>0.05), but T1 was significantly higher than T4 and T5 (P<0.05). From day 120 onwards, T1 was significantly higher than all other treatments (P<0.05), while T5 was significantly lower than T1, T2, and T3 (P<0.05), but the difference between T1 and T4 did not reach a significant level at several time points (P>0.05). However, in absolute terms, the differences between the treatments were not large. Taking 240 days as an example, T5 was 10.41%, and T1 was 12.86%, with a difference of only 2.45 percentage points; T2 and T3 were 11.82% and 11.46% respectively, with no significant difference between them (P>0.05), and there was also no significant difference between T4 (10.79%) and T5 (P>0.05). This result indicates that while medicinal herb residue has a certain inhibitory effect on sugarcane wilt, the effect is not particularly outstanding, and the effect is limited when the addition amount reaches 7 kg / m³. 3 Then, the dosage was increased to 9 kg / m³. 3 It did not bring significant control benefits. Fusarium wilt is a soil-borne disease caused by various Fusarium species. Its infection and disease development are comprehensively regulated by multiple factors such as temperature and humidity, soil microbial community, and host resistance. Relying solely on composting medicinal herb residue may not be enough to achieve efficient control. In production, it is necessary to combine disease-resistant variety breeding and reasonable crop rotation with comprehensive measures for prevention and control.

[0083] Table 6. Incidence rate of sugarcane stalk rot under different amounts of Chinese medicinal herb residue added (%)

[0084]

[0085] The disease dynamics of stem base rot differed significantly from those of wilt (Table 6). The incidence rate in all treatments gradually increased from day 60, peaking around day 180, and then gradually declined, exhibiting a "rise-then-fall" trend. This trend was particularly pronounced in the medium-to-high dosage treatments T3, T4, and T5. For example, in T5, the incidence rate rose from 2.01% at day 60 to 2.93% at day 180, then fell back to 1.90% at day 240; in T4, it rose from 2.49% to 4.91% before falling back to 3.30%. The low dosage treatments T1 and T2 also showed a similar "rise-then-fall" trend, but the decline was relatively smaller. T1 decreased from 11.15% at day 180 to 9.25% at day 240, and T2 decreased from 11.56% to 8.50%.

[0086] Comparative analysis between treatments showed that the dosage of medicinal residue had a significant effect on controlling stem rot, exhibiting a clear dosage dependence, and significant differences were observed among most treatments at all time points. At 60 days, there was no significant difference between T1 and T2 (P>0.05), but both were significantly higher than T3, T4, and T5 (P<0.05); there was no significant difference between T4 and T5 (P>0.05), indicating that 7 kg / m² was effective in controlling stem rot in the early stages of the disease. 3 With 9kg / m 3 The effects were comparable. At 240 days, the incidence rate at T5 was only 1.90%, compared to 9.25% at T1, with the former decreasing by 79.5% significantly (P<0.05); at T2, it was 8.50%, a significant decrease of 77.6% compared to T5 (P<0.05); even at T4 (3.30%), it was 64.3% lower than at T1 (P<0.05). Notably, the incidence rates at both high-dose treatments (T4 and T5) remained consistently below 5.5% throughout the reproductive period, demonstrating stable efficacy, and there were no significant differences between the two treatments at any time point (P>0.05), indicating that 7 kg / m²... 3 The dosage of this additive can achieve the same control effect on stem base rot as 9 kg / m³. 3 The same effect. The decline in the incidence of stem base rot in the later stages of growth, and the extremely low incidence in high-dose treatments, may be related to the following factors: certain active ingredients in the medicinal herb residue have a strong inhibitory effect on the pathogens of stem base rot, and the continuous release of organic matter from the compost may have induced systemic resistance in sugarcane plants.

[0087] Table 7. Incidence rate of sugarcane root rot under different amounts of Chinese medicinal herb residue added (%)

[0088]

[0089] As shown in Table 7, the incidence of root rot in each treatment showed a continuous upward trend from 60 days to 240 days, similar to Fusarium wilt, but different from the "first rise then fall" pattern of stem base rot. As the sugarcane growth period progresses, the plant's root system gradually ages, pathogens accumulate in the soil, and the incidence rate increases accordingly.

[0090] Comparing treatments, the incidence rate was consistently highest in T1 and lowest in T5. At 60 days, there was no significant difference between T1 and T2 (P>0.05), but T1 was significantly higher than T3, T4, and T5 (P<0.05); there was no significant difference between T4 and T5 (P>0.05). From 90 days onwards, T1 was significantly higher than all other treatments (P<0.05), and T2 was significantly higher than T3, T4, and T5 (P<0.05). However, a noteworthy phenomenon is that the incidence rates of the three treatments (T3, T4, and T5) showed very small differences at each time point, with no significant differences among them (P>0.05). For example, at 240 days, the incidence rate was 9.47% for T3, 9.23% for T4, and 8.97% for T5, with a difference of less than 0.5 percentage points, which was not significant (P>0.05). The percentages of T1 and T2 at 240 days were 16.92% and 12.19%, respectively, significantly higher than those of T3 and above (P<0.05). This indicates that when the amount of medicinal herb residue added reaches 5 kg / m³, the percentage of T1 and T2 is significantly higher than that of T3 and above. 3 Subsequently, further increasing the dosage had limited effect on controlling root rot, with diminishing marginal returns. Compared to T1, T3 and above treatments reduced the incidence rate by 30% to 47%, which was quite significant. Therefore, from a cost-effectiveness perspective, for the control of root rot, 5 kg / m² is recommended. 3 The amount added is sufficient to meet production needs, and there is no need to further increase the amount of medicinal herb residue added in order to prevent root rot.

[0091] V. Results Analysis

[0092] Based on the experimental results from the above five aspects, the following conclusions can be drawn:

[0093] In terms of soil improvement, the application of well-rotted medicinal herb residue filter mud significantly improved acidic soils. The soil pH in all treatments rapidly increased from 4.34 (strongly acidic) to 6.52–6.91 within 30 days after application, and remained stable between 6.47 and 6.81 during the subsequent 270-day monitoring period, indicating that the well-rotted filter mud possesses both rapid and long-term effects. Correspondingly, the active aluminum content in the soil continuously decreased with increasing pH, and the two trends showed a significant temporal synergy—the first 150 days of rapid pH increase coincided with the period of greatest decrease in active aluminum content. This result strongly supports the theory that increasing pH promotes the improvement of Al content. 3+ The chemical mechanism by which hydrolysis and precipitation reduce the active aluminum content. From a dosage effect perspective, both pH value and active aluminum content show a clear dose-dependent effect on the amount of traditional Chinese medicine residue added, but their saturation points differ: pH value is at T4 (7 kg / m³). 3 ) and T5 (9kg / m 3 The difference in improvement between 7 kg / m² was not significant (P>0.05), indicating that 7 kg / m² is the optimal level for improvement. 3The effect plateau of pH elevation has been reached; however, there is still a significant difference in active aluminum content between T4 and T5 (P<0.05), indicating that 9 kg / m 3 It still has unique advantages in the sustained passivation of active aluminum. This may be related to the fact that higher amounts of organic matter provide more organic ligands and form more stable organo-aluminum complexes.

[0094] In terms of disease control, decomposed medicinal herb residue showed a certain inhibitory effect on three soil-borne diseases of sugarcane, but the control effect varied greatly depending on the type of disease. Stem base rot was the most sensitive to the medicinal herb residue, with a T5 (9 kg / m³) response. 3 The incidence rate at 240 days was only 1.90%, a 79.5% decrease compared to T1 (9.25%). Furthermore, the incidence rate during the entire reproductive period was consistently below 5.5% in both high-dose treatments (T4 and T5), with no significant difference between the two treatments at any time point (P>0.05). This indicates that 7 kg / m²... 3 The desired control level has been achieved, suggesting that the residue of traditional Chinese medicine may contain active ingredients that specifically inhibit the pathogens causing stem rot. Regarding root rot, there were no significant differences among T3, T4, and T5 at any time point (P>0.05), at 5 kg / m². 3 The optimal economic dosage was determined by the amount used, with diminishing marginal returns from further increases. Fusarium wilt showed the weakest response to medicinal herb residue, with incidence rates ranging from 8.69% to 12.86% across all treatments. The maximum difference between treatments did not exceed 2.5%, and there was no significant difference between T4 and T5 (P>0.05). This is related to the broad ecological niche and complex pathogenic mechanism of the Fusarium wilt pathogens (various Fusarium species), making it difficult to achieve efficient control with a single application of medicinal herb residue. The differentiated responses of the three diseases suggest that broad-spectrum and specific antibacterial active substances may coexist in medicinal herb residue, and their specific mechanisms of action warrant further investigation.

[0095] From a comprehensive benefit perspective, the optimal amount of medicinal herb residue to add, compared to the recommended dosage, requires a balance between soil improvement, disease control, and application costs. Considering all indicators, T4 (7 kg / m³) is the optimal amount. 3 This treatment is the most cost-effective option considering multiple objectives under the conditions of this experiment. It showed no significant difference from T5 in pH elevation (P>0.05), was in the same optimal tier as T5 in stem base rot control with no significant difference (P>0.05), and showed no significant difference from T3 and T5 in root rot control (P>0.05). It was only slightly inferior to T5 in active aluminum passivation (P<0.05). Considering that T5 increased the dosage by 28.6% compared to T4, its overall benefit gain was limited, at 7 kg / m². 3 The input-output ratio is more reasonable.

[0096] Based on the above analysis, the following classification recommendation strategy is proposed:

[0097] 1. Recommended production volume for regular production (7kg / m³) 3 Suitable for most acid-tolerant sugarcane growing areas. This dosage is sufficient to stabilize soil pH near neutral (reaching 6.69 in 270 days), reduce active aluminum to a low level (69.5 mg / kg), and achieve effective control of stem rot (3.30%), root rot (9.23%), and wilt (10.79%). Continue increasing the dosage to 9 kg / m². 3 However, it did not bring significant statistical gains in the aforementioned key indicators, and the input-output ratio decreased.

[0098] 2. Recommended dosage for enhanced improvement (9 kg / m³) 3 The choice of dosage should not be based on the consideration of "high disease risk" (because disease control is relatively easier than 7kg / m²). 3 (No significant improvement), but should be targeted at plots with an urgent need for passivation of active aluminum in the soil. If the goal is to reduce the active aluminum content to a lower threshold (e.g., below 62.3 mg / kg), or in red soil sugarcane areas facing extremely acidic conditions and high aluminum toxicity risks, 9 kg / m³ can be selected. 3 To maximize the organic-aluminum complexation effect and fully leverage its unique advantages in aluminum form conversion.

[0099] 3. Integrated Plant Protection Strategy: Given that even with the use of 9kg / m 3 The incidence of Fusarium wilt remained at 10.41%, with little difference compared to the low-dose treatment, indicating that simply increasing the amount of medicinal herb residue cannot control Fusarium wilt. It is recommended that medicinal herb residue be applied in field trials (the conventional recommendation is 7 kg / m²). 3 Combined with comprehensive measures such as disease-resistant variety selection, rational crop rotation, and application of biological agents, sustainable and green prevention and control of soil-borne diseases in sugarcane can be achieved.

[0100] Example 1

[0101] A method for improving acidic sugarcane field soil through composting and controlling soil-borne diseases in sugarcane includes the following steps:

[0102] (1) Pretreatment of Chinese medicine residue: Take 10 kg each of Astragalus membranaceus residue, Glycyrrhiza uralensis residue and Artemisia argyi residue, mix them evenly and put them into a pulverizer to crush them, pass them through a 60-mesh sieve, and adjust the moisture content to 55%-60% for later use. Astragalus membranaceus residue, Glycyrrhiza uralensis residue and Artemisia argyi residue are all dried residues after the extraction of Chinese medicine, and the moisture content was controlled below 15% when purchased.

[0103] (2) First composting of filter mud: Take fresh filter mud from the sugar mill's pressing workshop, with a moisture content of 65%-70%, and compost it at 3m... 3The pile should be placed on a flat, well-ventilated, hardened site. The pile height should be controlled at 1.5m, width at 2m, and length at approximately 1m. Maintain a moisture content of 55%-60% in the pile; if water is insufficient, supplement it with small amounts of water using a sprayer. Cover with a tarpaulin to prevent rainwater from getting in. Allow it to compost naturally for 8 days, turning it every 3 days using a turner or manually to ensure material exchange and sufficient oxygen.

[0104] (3) Addition of Chinese herbal medicine residue and second composting: After the first composting is completed, spread out the pile and add 27 kg (equivalent to 9 kg / m³) of the Chinese herbal medicine residue obtained in step (1). 3 The mixture is repeatedly turned 3-4 times with a turning machine until it is evenly mixed. The pile is then reassembled with the same dimensions as before, and the second composting process begins. Composting lasts 8 days, during which the pile is turned once daily. A thermometer is inserted into the center of the pile to monitor the temperature, maintaining it between 55-60℃. If the temperature exceeds 60℃, the frequency of turning is increased to dissipate heat; if the temperature falls below 50℃, the pile height is increased to maintain heat. The moisture content is checked regularly each day, and water is added as needed.

[0105] (4) Limestone powder addition and third composting: After the second composting is completed, spread the pile out again and add 540 kg of limestone powder with a fineness of 80 mesh and a calcium content of ≥90% (equivalent to 180 kg / m³). 3 After mixing thoroughly, the mixture is piled up again, with the same dimensions as above. The third composting period is 7 days, during which the pile is turned over every 2 days. Samples are taken for testing after composting is complete: the filter mud is dark brown, odorless, loose in texture, and crumbles easily when dropped after being squeezed by hand; the pH value is 6.5-7.0; and the organic matter content is ≥25%.

[0106] (5) Field application: Apply the fully decomposed filter mud at a rate of 1.0 cubic meters per mu (equivalent to 25m³ per mu). 2 Apply 37.5 kg of the fertilizer evenly to the surface of the sugarcane planting area, and till twice with a rotary tiller to thoroughly mix the decomposed filter mud with the 0-20 cm topsoil. Then, dig planting furrows with a row spacing of 1.2 m and a furrow depth of 12 cm. Place the disinfected Guitang 44 sugarcane seed stalks in a double-row, triangular pattern at the bottom of the furrow, cover with soil, compact, and water thoroughly. After planting, follow standard field management practices for irrigation, weeding, and pest and disease monitoring.

[0107] Effect determination: Following the aforementioned test items and methods, soil samples were collected at 30, 90, 150, 210, and 270 days after planting to determine pH value and active aluminum content; the incidence rates of three soil-borne diseases were investigated at 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 days after planting. Each indicator was replicated three times per treatment, and the average value was taken.

[0108] In this embodiment (T5, the amount of Chinese herbal medicine residue added is 9 kg / m³), the amount of Chinese herbal medicine residue added is 9 kg / m³. 3The test results are shown in column T5 of Table 3-7: the soil pH value increased from 4.34 to 6.91 within 30 days, reached a peak of 6.97 at 90 days, and remained stable at 6.81 at 270 days; the soil active aluminum content decreased continuously from 228.0 mg / kg, dropping to 62.3 mg / kg at 270 days, a decrease of 72.7%, which was significantly better than all other treatments (P<0.05); 240 days after planting, the incidence of wilt disease was 10.41%, the incidence of stem rot was 1.90%, and the incidence of root rot was 8.97%. This example showed the best effect in passivating active aluminum (active aluminum dropped to 62.3 mg / kg at 270 days, significantly better than other treatments, P<0.05), and is suitable for sugarcane areas with extremely acidic red soil where there are higher requirements for reducing soil aluminum toxicity. Although this example performed well in controlling soil-borne diseases, it was not as effective as Example 2 (7 kg / m²). 3 Compared with other methods, there was no significant difference in the incidence of stem base rot, root rot and wilt (P>0.05). Therefore, it is not recommended to blindly use this high dosage simply to pursue disease prevention.

[0109] Example 2

[0110] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the amount of mixed Chinese herbal medicine residue added in step (3) is 7 kg per cubic meter of filter mud (i.e., 3 m³). 3 (Add 21 kg of Chinese herbal medicine residue to the pile), and the remaining operation steps are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0111] In this embodiment (T4, the amount of Chinese herbal medicine residue added is 7 kg / m³), the amount of Chinese herbal medicine residue added is 7 kg / m³. 3 The test results are shown in column T4 of Table 3-7: the soil pH value increased from 4.34 to 6.85 within 30 days, reached a peak of 6.89 at 90 days, and stabilized at 6.69 at 270 days; the soil active aluminum content decreased continuously from 228.0 mg / kg, dropping to 69.5 mg / kg after 270 days, a decrease of 69.5%; 240 days after planting, the incidence of wilt disease was 10.79%, the incidence of stem base rot was 3.30%, and the incidence of root rot was 9.23%.

[0112] Compared with Example 1 (T5, 9kg / m 3 Compared to the previous example, this embodiment showed the following improvements in soil improvement: the pH value was 0.12 units lower after 270 days (not statistically significant, P>0.05), and the active aluminum content was 7.2 mg / kg higher. Although this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the absolute values ​​were quite similar, indicating that 9 kg / m³ was a good indicator. 3This example demonstrates a statistically significant advantage in continuous passivation with activated aluminum. Regarding disease control: the incidence of stem rot was 1.40% higher, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05), and the overall incidence throughout the growth period remained below 5.5%, indicating excellent control efficacy. The incidence of root rot and wilt was also not significantly different from Example 1 (P>0.05). This example, while reducing the amount of medicinal herb residue by 28.6%, maintained the same pH increase and disease control effect as Example 1, only slightly inferior in terms of activated aluminum passivation. Considering both the material cost and labor cost of medicinal herb residue, this example (7kg / m³)... 3 This is the optimal conventional production recommendation scheme that takes into account the effects of soil improvement, disease prevention, and economic benefits.

[0113] Example 3

[0114] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the amount of mixed Chinese herbal medicine residue added in step (3) is 5 kg per cubic meter of filter mud (i.e., 3 m³). 3 (Add 15kg of Chinese herbal medicine residue to the pile), and the remaining operation steps are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0115] In this embodiment (T3, the amount of Chinese herbal medicine residue added is 5 kg / m³), the amount of Chinese herbal medicine residue added is 5 kg / m³. 3 The test results are shown in column T3 of Table 3-7: the soil pH value increased from 4.34 to 6.69 within 30 days, reached a peak of 6.80 at 90 days, and stabilized at 6.52 at 270 days; the soil active aluminum content decreased continuously from 228.0 mg / kg, dropping to 88.9 mg / kg after 270 days, a decrease of 61.0%; 240 days after planting, the incidence of wilt disease was 11.46%, the incidence of stem base rot was 5.10%, and the incidence of root rot was 9.47%.

[0116] Compared with Example 2 (T4, 7kg / m 3 Compared to the previous example, this embodiment showed the following improvements in soil improvement: a 0.17-unit lower pH value and a 19.4 mg / kg higher active aluminum content over 270 days; and in disease control: a 1.80% higher incidence of stem rot, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). This indicates that 5 kg / m³... 3 The control effect on stem base rot is not ideal, and it is only recommended for plots with a low risk of stem base rot. However, in terms of root rot control, 5 kg / m² is effective. 3 With 7kg / m 3 The effects were comparable (P>0.05), indicating that 5 kg / m³ is effective in controlling root rot. 3 The platform effect has already been achieved.

[0117] Comparative Example 1

[0118] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of mixed Chinese herbal medicine residue added in step (3) is 1 kg per cubic meter of filter mud (i.e., 3 m³). 3 (Add 3 kg of Chinese herbal medicine residue to the pile), and the remaining operation steps are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0119] This comparative example (T1, amount of Chinese medicinal residue added 1kg / m³) 3 The test results are shown in column T1 of Table 3-7: the soil pH value rose to 6.52 after 30 days, reached a peak of 6.63 after 90 days, and fell back to 6.47 after 270 days; the soil active aluminum content was 147.1 mg / kg after 270 days, a decrease of only 35.5% from the initial value; 240 days after planting, the incidence of wilt disease was 12.86%, the incidence of stem base rot was 9.25%, and the incidence of root rot was 16.92%.

[0120] Compared with Examples 1-3 of the present invention, all indicators of this comparative example are significantly inferior to those of the examples. Specifically: the incidence of stem base rot (9.25%) and root rot (16.92%) are significantly higher than those of the examples (P<0.05); the incidence of wilt (12.86%) is significantly higher than that of Example 1 (10.41%) and Example 2 (10.79%) (P<0.05), but not significantly different from Example 3 (11.46%) (P>0.05); the pH value (6.47) is significantly lower than that of Example 1 (6.81) and Example 2 (6.69) (P<0.05), but not significantly different from that of Example 3 (6.52) (P>0.05). This indicates that when the amount of medicinal residue added is too low, although it can play a certain role in adjusting acidity, its passivation effect on active aluminum is limited, and it cannot effectively control the occurrence of stem base rot and root rot.

[0121] Comparative Example 2

[0122] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no Chinese herbal medicine residue is added (the amount of Chinese herbal medicine residue added is 0), while the other steps are the same.

[0123] The detection indicators and methods of this comparative example are the same as those of Example 1, specifically including: (1) Soil pH value - samples were taken and measured before planting and at 30, 90, 150, 210 and 270 days after planting; (2) Soil active aluminum content - samples were taken and measured simultaneously with soil pH measurement; (3) Incidence of sugarcane wilt, stem base rot and root rot - surveyed and statistically analyzed at 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 days after planting. Each indicator was replicated 3 times per treatment, and the average value was taken.

[0124] The test results are as follows: Soil pH rose to 5.85 after 30 days, peaked at 6.12 after 90 days, and then gradually decreased, dropping to 5.53 after 270 days; the active aluminum content in the soil was 182.6 mg / kg after 270 days, a decrease of only 19.9% ​​compared to the initial value (228.0 mg / kg); 240 days after planting, the incidence of Fusarium wilt was 14.58%, the incidence of stem rot was 13.27%, and the incidence of root rot was 20.35%. All indicators were worse than those of Comparative Example 1 (1 kg / m²). 3 As demonstrated by the present invention and all embodiments thereof, when no medicinal herb residue is added, the composting of limestone powder and filter mud alone has a certain acid-adjusting effect, but its passivation effect on active aluminum is limited, and its ability to control the three soil-borne diseases is significantly insufficient.

[0125] Comparative Example 3

[0126] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the Chinese herbal medicine residue is not pulverized (the astragalus residue, licorice residue, and mugwort residue are mixed in a 1:1:1 ratio and then coarsely chopped to a length of about 2-5 cm before being added directly to the pile), while the other operation steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0127] The comparative test items and methods are the same as in Example 1, and the uniformity of the composted filter mud is added after the composting is completed (5 samples are randomly selected from each pile, and the distribution of undecomposed Chinese medicine residue is visually inspected).

[0128] The test results are as follows: After the composting process was completed, visual inspection revealed obvious undecomposed medicinal herb residues (1-4 cm in length) at each sampling point, unevenly distributed, with some localized aggregation of the residue. After soil application, the soil pH rose to 6.55 after 30 days, peaked at 6.72 after 90 days, and decreased to 6.38 after 270 days; the active aluminum content in the soil was 105.3 mg / kg after 270 days; 240 days after planting, the incidence of wilt disease was 11.98%, the incidence of stem rot was 6.85%, and the incidence of root rot was 11.32%.

[0129] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example showed significantly inferior performance in all indicators, especially the incidence of stem base rot (6.85%), which was much higher than that in Example 1 (1.90%). This indicates that the medicinal herb residue was added to the compost pile without being crushed, resulting in insufficient release of its active ingredients during the composting process and uneven mixing with the filter mud, thus greatly reducing the soil improvement and disease prevention effects. This demonstrates that the crushing treatment of the medicinal herb residue is one of the key process steps to ensure the technical effectiveness of this invention.

[0130] Example 4: Comparison of different types of Chinese herbal medicine residues

[0131] To further verify the synergistic effect of the 1:1:1 ratio of Astragalus membranaceus residue, Glycyrrhiza uralensis residue, and Artemisia argyi residue in this invention, the following comparative treatments were set up in addition to the T1-T5 dosage gradient experiment (each treatment was based on 9 kg / m³). 3 (Taking the enhanced dosage as an example, a compatibility effect limit test was conducted).

[0132] Treatment A (formulation of this invention): Astragalus membranaceus residue + Glycyrrhiza uralensis residue + Artemisia argyi residue = 1:1:1, total addition amount 9 kg / m³ 3 ;

[0133] Treatment B: Using only Astragalus membranaceus residue 9kg / m³ 3 ;

[0134] Treatment C: Use 9 kg / m³ of licorice residue alone 3 ;

[0135] Treatment D: Use only 9 kg / m³ of Artemisia argyi residue 3 ;

[0136] Treatment E: Astragalus residue + licorice residue = 1:1, total addition amount 9 kg / m³ 3 ;

[0137] Treatment F: Astragalus membranaceus residue + Artemisia argyi residue = 1:1, total addition amount 9 kg / m³ 3 ;

[0138] Treatment G: Licorice residue + Artemisia residue = 1:1, total addition amount 9 kg / m³ 3 .

[0139] The remaining composting conditions for each treatment were the same as in Example 1.

[0140] The detection items and methods for each treatment were the same as in Example 1, with a focus on comparing the incidence rates of the three soil-borne diseases 240 days after planting. Each treatment was replicated three times, and the average value was taken.

[0141] The results showed that 240 days after planting, treatment A (the formulation of this invention) had the lowest incidence of both stem rot and root rot in sugarcane, and its incidence of wilt was also superior to other formulations. Specifically, the incidence of stem rot in treatment A was 1.90%, while in treatments BG it ranged from 3.85% to 7.62%; the incidence of root rot in treatment A was 8.97%, while in treatment BG it ranged from 10.34% to 14.68%; and the incidence of wilt in treatment A was 10.41%, while in treatment BG it ranged from 11.25% to 13.06%. The incidence of the three diseases, from lowest to highest, was: three-component composite formulation (A) < two-component composite formulation (E, F, G) < single-component formulation (B, C, D), indicating that the 1:1:1 formulation of the three medicinal residues had a synergistic effect on soil-borne diseases of sugarcane, and that neither single-component nor two-component combinations achieved the same disease control effect.

[0142] Example 5: Comparison of different limestone powder addition timings

[0143] To further verify the rationality and necessity of adding limestone powder during the third composting in this invention, based on the T1-T5 dosage gradient experiment, the following comparative treatments were also set up (the dosage of medicinal residue added in each treatment was 9 kg / m³). 3 (For example, to highlight the extreme differences in the timing of the process)

[0144] deal with (Invention): Limestone powder is added after the second composting is completed (at the beginning of the third composting).

[0145] deal with Limestone powder is added during the first composting process;

[0146] Treatment: After the third composting is completed (after the composting is finished), add limestone powder and mix.

[0147] The amount of limestone powder added for each treatment was 180 kg / m³. 3 The composting conditions were the same as in Example 1, with a fineness of 80 mesh and a calcium content of ≥90%. All other composting conditions were identical. The testing items and methods for each treatment were the same as in Example 1, with a focus on comparing the basic properties of the composted filter mud (pH value, organic matter content) and the incidence of stem rot 240 days after planting. Each treatment was replicated three times, and the average value was taken.

[0148] The results showed that the pH value of the decomposed filter mud treated (in this invention) was 6.91, the organic matter content was 28.0%, and the incidence of stem base rot was 1.90% after 240 days; The decomposed filter mud had a pH of 7.23, an organic matter content of 24.6%, and a stem base rot incidence rate of 4.82% after 240 days; treatment The decomposed filter mud had a pH of 6.85, an organic matter content of 26.1%, and a stem base rot incidence rate of 3.95% after 240 days. Treatment Adding limestone powder too early caused the pH value of the compost pile to rise prematurely, affecting the microbial activity and the retention of active ingredients in the medicinal residue during the composting process. This resulted in a lower organic matter content in the matured filter mud, significantly weakening the disease control effect of the final product. Adding limestone powder only after the composting process was complete did not interfere with the composting process, but the product uniformity was poor (local limestone powder aggregation was visible), and the uniformity and consistency of the soil improvement effect after application were inferior to the treatment. Comprehensive comparison and processing The decomposed filter mud produced by this invention exhibits superior quality and disease control compared to Treatment II and Treatment 3. This indicates that adding limestone powder after the second composting is the optimal time, as it can balance multiple objectives such as composting efficiency, product uniformity, and maintenance of functional activity.

[0149] Example 6: Field Application Effects

[0150] In a sugarcane-growing area of ​​Guangxi, an acidic and infertile sugarcane field with pH 4.3, organic matter 12.6 g / kg, topsoil thickness 12 cm, and active aluminum content 228 mg / kg was selected. Three treatments were set up for field gradient validation (each treatment was replicated 3 times, plot area 25 m²). 2 ):

[0151] Treatment 1 (blank control): No soil improvement or fertilization treatment was performed;

[0152] Treatment 2 (Conventional Recommendation Group): Followed the method in Example 2 (medicinal herb residue addition amount 7kg / m³). 3 Apply well-rotted filter mud;

[0153] Treatment 3 (Enhanced Improvement Group): Following the method of Example 1 (medicinal herb residue addition amount 9 kg / m³) 3 Apply well-rotted filter mud.

[0154] The sugarcane variety Guitang 44 was planted, and the following items were measured: (1) Sugarcane agronomic traits - plant height at maturity (measured with a measuring tape, 10 plants were randomly selected from each plot and the average was taken), and yield per mu (calculated by weighing the entire plot after harvest); (2) Sugarcane quality - sugar content (measured with a handheld saccharimeter, 5 plants were randomly selected from each plot and the juice was mixed and measured); (3) Soil physicochemical properties - soil pH value (potential method) and bulk density (ring cutter method) were measured before planting and after harvest, respectively. Each indicator was repeated 3 times and the average value was taken.

[0155] The results of the field verification are as follows:

[0156] Blank control: Plant height was only 200.15 cm, yield was 1825.5 kg / mu, sugar content was 14.3°Bx; after harvest, soil pH only increased from 4.34 to 4.72, active aluminum content was still as high as 196.4 mg / kg, and bulk density was still 1.13 g / cm³. 3 .

[0157] Recommended group (7kg / m 3 The plant height reached 305.67 cm, the yield per mu reached 6120 kg, and the sugar content reached 18.4°Bx. After harvest, the soil pH value increased from 4.34 to 6.67, the active aluminum content decreased to 68.7 mg / kg, and the soil bulk density decreased from 1.13 g / cm³. 3 Reduced to 1.06 g / cm³ 3 .

[0158] Enhanced and improved group (9kg / m 3The plant height reached 315.34 cm, the yield per mu reached 6254 kg, and the sugar content reached 18.6°Bx. After harvest, the soil pH value increased from 4.34 to 6.80 (not significantly different from the conventional recommended group, P>0.05), the active aluminum content decreased to 61.5 mg / kg (significantly lower than the conventional recommended group, P<0.05), and the soil bulk density decreased to 1.05 g / cm³. 3 .

[0159] The above results indicate that 7 kg / m 3 The standard recommended dosage is sufficient to achieve significant yield increases, quality improvements, and soil improvement. Its performance in pH adjustment, bulk density improvement, and control of common diseases fully meets production needs, and is comparable to 9 kg / m³. 3 The differences in plant height, yield per acre, and sugar content are minimal. For red soil sugarcane areas with extremely high acidity and a high risk of aluminum toxicity, a yield of 9 kg / m² is adopted. 3 Additional significant gains from active aluminum passivation can be obtained (P<0.05), but there is little difference in conventional agronomic traits between the two methods. Therefore, 7 kg / m³ should be preferred for production. 3 To save on material costs, 9 kg / m³ is only used when specifically addressing excessive levels of active aluminum. 3 Enhancement plan.

[0160] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for improving acidic sugarcane field soil through composting and controlling soil-borne diseases in sugarcane, characterized in that, The following steps are included: (1) Mix the astragalus residue, licorice residue and mugwort residue in a weight ratio of 1:1:1, grind them to 60 mesh, and adjust the moisture content to 55%-60% to obtain mixed Chinese medicine residue; (2) The filter mud from the sugar factory was composted for the first time for 8 days; (3) After the first composting is completed, add 5-9 kg of the above-mentioned mixed Chinese medicine residue per cubic meter of filter mud, mix evenly, and then carry out the second composting for 8 days; (4) After the second composting is completed, add 180 kg of limestone powder per cubic meter of filter mud, mix and compost for a third time for 7 days to obtain decomposed filter mud. (5) Apply the decomposed filter mud to the sugarcane planting area.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of mixed Chinese herbal medicine residue added in step (3) is 7-9 kg per cubic meter of filter mud.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of mixed Chinese herbal medicine residue added in step (3) is 9 kg of filter mud per cubic meter.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the first compost pile in step (2) is 1.5m, the width is 2m, and the moisture content of the pile is maintained at 55%-60%.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the second composting period described in step (3), the compost pile is turned over once a day, and the temperature of the pile is maintained at 55-60℃.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limestone powder mentioned in step (4) has a fineness of 80 mesh and a calcium content of ≥90%.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of composted filter mud applied in step (5) is 1.0 cubic meters per mu.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil-borne diseases of sugarcane include sugarcane wilt, sugarcane stem base rot, and sugarcane root rot.

9. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1-8 in soil amendment and fertilization materials for sugarcane cultivation in acidic soil.

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