A disc type separator combining continuous nozzle slagging and small valve gap slagging

Abstract

The application discloses a disc type separator with combined nozzle continuous slagging and small valve gap slagging, which is provided with a piston body in a rotary drum body, a plurality of groups of nozzle structures are arranged on the circumferential edge of the piston body, the nozzle structures change the height position along with the axial movement of the piston body, continuous slagging is realized when the nozzle structures are aligned with a slagging port, the nozzle outlets are shielded when the nozzle structures are staggered, and intermittent slagging is completed by opening the valve gap. The nozzle structure comprises a mounting hole, a nozzle seat and a replaceable slagging nozzle, tapered holes are arranged at each matching part to form a tapered sleeve self-locking structure, double inner and outer fluorine rubber seals are arranged, the nozzle seat and the slagging nozzle are respectively made of martensitic stainless steel and hard alloy material. The application realizes mutual exclusion switching of two kinds of slagging modes by means of the original movement stroke of the piston, does not need an additional executing mechanism, can reduce the sedimentation cavity slagging load, reduce the slagging frequency, avoid air backflow, slag material short circuit and leakage, has high assembly sealing reliability, is convenient to maintain, and is suitable for long-time stable separation operation of high solid content materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of centrifugal separation equipment, specifically to a disc separator that combines continuous nozzle slag discharge and small valve gap slag discharge. Background Technology

[0002] Disc separators, as high-speed sedimentation centrifugal separation equipment, rely on the powerful centrifugal force field generated by the high-speed rotation of the drum to quickly separate liquid-solid and liquid-liquid-solid multiphase mixtures. Due to their high separation efficiency and high degree of automation, they are widely used in many industrial fields such as shipbuilding, food, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, textiles, and environmental protection. In conventional disc separators, solid impurities settle and accumulate on the inner wall of the drum under centrifugal force, eventually converging into the sludge chamber inside the drum. The equipment mainly relies on the axial opening and closing action of the piston to periodically discharge sludge. The effective volume of the sludge chamber directly limits the equipment's sludge holding capacity. When processing materials with high solid content, the settling rate of solid particles is fast, and the sludge chamber is quickly filled with solid deposits. To prevent solid deposits from overflowing and interfering with the normal separation flow field of the disc assembly, the equipment is forced to shorten the sludge discharge interval and increase the trigger frequency of the piston's sludge discharge action.

[0003] In existing technologies, some equipment uses fixed nozzles on the drum wall to achieve continuous solid phase discharge, thereby relieving the slag accumulation pressure in the slag chamber. However, the drawback of this structure in actual industrial operation is that when the solid content is high or the material contains large particles, the nozzles are prone to clogging. After clogging, it is not easy to clean the slag discharge hole, which leads to the equipment becoming unusable.

[0004] In addition, relying solely on the piston valve gap for intermittent slag discharge without a continuous slag discharge path, all solid sediments must be stored inside the slag chamber. Limited by the dimensions of the drum body, the volume of the slag chamber cannot be increased indefinitely. In high-solids-content material processing scenarios, the slag discharge cycle must be continuously compressed. Frequent piston opening and closing actions subject the piston, seals, and drum components to alternating loads over extended periods, accelerating component fatigue and shortening the lifespan of core components. Furthermore, each slag discharge action disturbs the internal flow field of the drum. High-frequency slag discharge keeps the equipment in a constant cycle of separation-disturbance-recovery, reducing overall processing efficiency and deteriorating product separation stability, making it difficult to meet the industrial production requirements for long-term continuous and stable operation of high-solids-content materials.

[0005] For the reasons mentioned above, it is necessary to propose a disc separator that combines continuous nozzle slag discharge and small valve gap slag discharge to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the deficiencies in the existing technology by providing a disc separator that combines continuous nozzle slag discharge and small valve gap slag discharge.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A disc separator combining continuous nozzle slag discharge and intermittent valve slag discharge includes a rotating drum body and a rotating drum cover that are interlocked and assembled together. A slag discharge port is provided through the side wall of the rotating drum body. A piston body that can be adjusted to move axially is provided at the bottom of the rotating drum body. A nozzle structure for continuous slag discharge is provided on the piston body. The height position of the nozzle structure changes with the movement of the piston body, so that the nozzle structure is aligned with or misaligned with the slag discharge port. When the nozzle structure is aligned with the slag discharge port, continuous slag discharge is formed. When the nozzle structure is misaligned with the slag discharge port, intermittent slag discharge is formed.

[0008] Furthermore, the nozzle structure is provided with several nozzles evenly distributed around the piston body, and the circumferentially distributed nozzle structures are centrally symmetrical.

[0009] Furthermore, the nozzle structure is located on the upper edge of the circumferential sidewall of the piston body. When the piston body is at the top dead center position, the height of the nozzle structure is aligned with the slag discharge port, and the upper edge of the piston body abuts against the drum cover, thereby closing the valve gap for intermittent slag discharge. When the piston body is at the bottom dead center position, the outlet end of the nozzle structure is blocked by the inner wall of the drum, and the valve gap between the upper edge of the piston body and the drum cover is opened and aligned with the slag discharge port.

[0010] Furthermore, the nozzle structure includes an installation hole that penetrates the side wall of the piston body, a nozzle seat is provided in the installation hole, a nozzle hole is provided through the nozzle seat along the axis, and a replaceable slag discharge nozzle is installed in the nozzle hole, with the slag discharge nozzle having a slag discharge hole that penetrates axially.

[0011] Furthermore, the mounting hole and nozzle hole are both set as conical holes, with the larger end of the mounting hole and nozzle hole set close to the axis and the smaller end set close to the drum body, so that the slag discharge nozzle, nozzle seat and mounting hole form a conical sleeve self-locking structure in sequence, and wedge tightly and fit together during centrifugal rotation.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer wall of the nozzle seat is provided with an outer sealing structure, and the inner wall is provided with an inner sealing structure. The outer sealing structure includes multiple outer annular grooves provided on the outer wall of the nozzle seat, and an outer sealing ring is provided in the outer annular groove. The inner sealing structure includes at least one inner annular groove provided on the inner wall of the nozzle hole, and an inner sealing ring is provided in the inner annular groove. The outer sealing ring is used for sealing between the outer wall of the nozzle seat and the mounting hole, and the inner sealing ring is used for sealing between the inner wall of the nozzle seat and the outer wall of the slag discharge nozzle.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer and inner sealing rings are made of oil- and solvent-resistant fluororubber.

[0014] Furthermore, the nozzle seat is made of martensitic stainless steel, and the slag discharge nozzle is made of wear-resistant hard alloy. Furthermore, the nozzle orifice has a diameter of 0.8-1.5 mm.

[0015] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The piston's axial movement synchronously realizes the opening and closing of the nozzle and the valve gap, eliminating the need for additional actuators. The structure is simple and compact, and the slag discharge modes can be switched mutually exclusively. The slag discharge process avoids air backflow and slag short-circuit leakage, ensuring the stability of the internal flow field of the drum.

[0016] 2. The nozzle assembly structure adopts a self-locking conical sleeve with double sealing. It relies on centrifugal force to achieve conical surface wedging. With the material selection suitable for the working conditions, the connection and sealing reliability are high under high-speed conditions. The nozzle can be replaced individually, making maintenance convenient. Different orifice nozzles can also be selected to adapt to various material working conditions.

[0017] 3. Combining continuous slag discharge from nozzles and intermittent slag discharge from valve gaps can significantly alleviate the slag accumulation pressure in the slag chamber, reduce the frequency of piston slag discharge, adapt to the processing of high solids content materials, reduce alternating fatigue of parts, and improve the continuous operation time and separation stability of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a disc separator with a combined slag discharge structure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the slag discharge section consisting of continuous slag discharge from the nozzle and slag discharge from the small valve gap in this invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the nozzle structure in this invention; In the diagram: 1. Drum body; 2. Drum cover; 3. Slag discharge port; 4. Piston body; 5. Nozzle structure; 6. Mounting hole; 7. Nozzle seat; 8. Nozzle hole; 9. Slag discharge nozzle; 10. Slag discharge hole; 11. Outer ring groove; 12. Outer sealing ring; 13. Inner ring groove; 14. Inner sealing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to examples. These examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] A disc separator combining continuous nozzle slag discharge and small valve gap slag discharge, such as Figure 1As shown, the device includes a drum body 1 and a drum cover 2 that are interlocked and assembled. A slag discharge port 3 is provided through the side wall of the drum body 1. A piston body 4, which moves axially and is adjustable, is located at the bottom of the drum body 1. A nozzle structure 5 for continuous slag discharge is provided on the piston body 4. The nozzle structure 5 changes its height position as the piston body 4 moves, aligning or misaligning with the slag discharge port 3. When the nozzle structure 5 is aligned with the slag discharge port 3, continuous slag discharge is achieved; when misaligned, intermittent slag discharge is achieved. The principle is that the disc separator relies on the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the drum to cause the solid phase in the mixture to settle onto the drum wall. Conventional separators rely solely on the intermittent opening of the piston body 4 to discharge the solid phase accumulated in the slag zone. However, the volume of the slag zone is limited. When the solid content of the material is high, the solid phase quickly fills the slag zone, forcing an increase in the slag discharge frequency. Frequent slag discharge can cause structural fatigue of the drum components and disrupt the liquid flow field distribution within the drum. This design places the nozzle structure 5 directly on the axially movable piston body 4. Utilizing the existing vertical movement of the piston body 4, two states are achieved between the outlet height of the nozzle structure 5 and the slag discharge port 3 fixed on the side wall of the drum body 1: "aligned conduction" and "misaligned closure." When aligned, the solid phase settling on the drum wall is continuously discharged outside the drum through the nozzle. When misaligned, the nozzle outlet is blocked by the inner wall of the drum body 1, and simultaneously, the valve gap between the upper edge of the piston body 4 and the drum cover 2 is opened, allowing the solid phase accumulated in the slag area to be intermittently discharged through the valve gap and the slag discharge port 3. In this way, one axial movement of the piston body 4 simultaneously completes both the "nozzle on / off switching" and the "valve gap opening / closing switching" actions. The two slag discharge modes naturally form a mutually exclusive relationship through the movement of the piston body 4, eliminating the need for additional control valves or independent actuators.

[0021] The nozzle structures 5 are evenly distributed around the piston body 4, and these evenly distributed nozzle structures 5 are centrally symmetrically arranged. In this embodiment, twelve nozzle structures are provided. This centrally symmetrical arrangement ensures the mass balance of the drum during high-speed rotation and avoids eccentric vibration caused by adding nozzles on one side. The nozzle structures 5 are located on the upper edge of the circumferential sidewall of the piston body 4, and each nozzle structure 5 includes a mounting hole 6 that penetrates the sidewall of the piston body 4. Figure 2 , 3As shown, a nozzle seat 7 is provided in the mounting hole 6, and a nozzle hole 8 is provided through the nozzle seat 7 along the axis. A replaceable slag discharge nozzle 9 is installed in the nozzle hole 8, and a slag discharge hole 10 is provided through the slag discharge nozzle 9 axially. The three-layer nested structure makes the slag discharge nozzle 9 an independently replaceable component. After wear, only the slag discharge nozzle 9 needs to be replaced without disassembling the nozzle seat 7 or piston body 4, resulting in low maintenance costs. Both the mounting hole 6 and the nozzle hole 8 are set as conical holes. The larger end of the mounting hole 6 and the nozzle hole 8 is set close to the axis, and the smaller end is set close to the drum body 1, so that the slag discharge nozzle 9, the nozzle seat 7, and the mounting hole 6 form a conical sleeve self-locking structure in sequence, and wedge tightly during centrifugal rotation. The advantage of this design is that it uses centrifugal force to achieve locking. The higher the drum speed, the stronger the tendency of the nozzle seat 7 and the slag discharge nozzle 9 to move towards the smaller end, and the greater the wedge force between the conical surfaces. No additional locking nuts or retaining springs are needed, and there is no risk of loosening or falling off during high-speed operation. The nozzle seat 7 has an outer sealing structure on its outer side wall and an inner sealing structure on its inner side wall. The outer sealing structure includes multiple outer annular grooves 11 on the outer side wall of the nozzle seat 7, with an outer sealing ring 12 inside each groove. The inner sealing structure includes at least one inner annular groove 13 on the inner wall of the nozzle hole 8, with an inner sealing ring 14 inside each groove. The outer sealing ring 12 seals the area between the outer side wall of the nozzle seat 7 and the mounting hole 6, while the inner sealing ring 14 seals the area between the inner side wall of the nozzle seat 7 and the outer side wall of the slag discharge nozzle 9. This double-seal design blocks two possible leakage paths: the interface between the nozzle seat 7 and the piston body 4, and the interface between the nozzle seat 7 and the slag discharge nozzle 9, making it more reliable than a single-seal design. The outer sealing ring 12 and the inner sealing ring 14 are made of oil- and solvent-resistant fluororubber, which can withstand the oil and organic solvents that may be present in the materials processed by the separator, preventing the sealing rings from swelling and failing. The nozzle seat 7 is made of martensitic stainless steel, possessing high structural strength to withstand centrifugal loads and material erosion during high-speed rotation. The slag discharge nozzle 9 is made of wear-resistant hard alloy, with high hardness and good wear resistance in the parts directly in contact with solid-phase materials, which helps extend its service life. The nozzle orifice 8 has a diameter of 0.8-1.5mm. In this embodiment, the slag discharge orifice 10 of the slag discharge nozzle 9 is made in three specifications: Φ1mm, Φ1.1mm, and Φ1.2mm. The appropriate nozzle specification can be selected on-site according to the actual feed rate and separation index requirements, thereby adjusting the continuous slag discharge flow rate without any modifications to the equipment body.

[0022] The advantages of the above structure include the following aspects: First, the continuous slag discharge from the nozzles promptly and continuously removes the solid phase that has settled on the drum wall, significantly reducing the slag accumulation rate in the slag zone and significantly lowering the frequency of intermittent slag discharge from the piston body 4. This avoids structural fatigue and flow field disturbance caused by frequent slag discharge, enabling the separator to adapt to materials with higher solids content. Field operation has shown that separators using this slag discharge structure can increase the solids content of materials by three times, from 10% (v / v) to 30% (v / v), while maintaining the same throughput, meaning the separator efficiency is increased by three times. Second, the self-locking cone sleeve structure combined with double-stage fluororubber seals ensures the reliability and sealing performance of the nozzle structure 5 under high-speed rotation conditions, preventing loosening or leakage due to centrifugal force and vibration. Third, the replaceable slag discharge nozzle 9, with various orifice sizes, enhances the equipment's adaptability to different materials and facilitates maintenance and replacement. Fourth, this combined slag discharge structure is less prone to material blockage, improving operational reliability. The original slag discharge structure was prone to material blockage and slag accumulation after 3 months of operation, requiring shutdown for flushing. However, this structure did not experience material blockage or slag accumulation after 6 months of continuous operation, meaning that reliability has been improved by more than 2 times.

[0023] The specific working method of this device is as follows: The drum body 1 and the drum cover 2 are interlocked to form a sealed separation chamber. The piston body 4 is located at the bottom of the drum body 1 and can move up and down axially under the drive of operating water. When the piston body 4 is at the top dead center position, the height of the nozzle structure 5 is aligned with the slag discharge port 3, that is, the outlet end of the slag discharge hole 10 of the slag discharge nozzle 9 is directly opposite the slag discharge port 3 on the side wall of the drum body 1. At this time, the solid material that settles on the drum wall is continuously discharged out of the drum under the action of centrifugal force through the slag discharge nozzle 9 and the slag discharge port 3. At the same time, the upper edge of the piston body 4 abuts against the drum cover 2, thereby closing the valve gap used for intermittent slag discharge, preventing material leakage from the valve gap, and the separator is in the continuous slag discharge mode. After the high solid content material enters the drum, the solid phase quickly settles to the drum wall under the action of centrifugal force. Part of it is continuously discharged through the nozzle structure 5, and the other part gradually deposits in the slag area above the piston body 4. When the solid phase in the sludge zone accumulates to a certain level, the operating water drives the piston 4 to move downwards to the lower dead center position. At this time, the nozzle structure 5 moves downwards with the piston 4, and the outlet end of the sludge discharge nozzle 9 is blocked by the inner wall of the drum body 1. That is, the outlet of the sludge discharge hole 10 is no longer aligned with the sludge discharge port 3 but is closed, and the nozzle structure 5 stops continuous sludge discharge. At the same time, the valve gap between the upper edge of the piston 4 and the drum cover 2 opens and aligns with the sludge discharge port 3. The solid phase accumulated in the sludge zone is discharged from the drum in a large flow rate through the valve gap and the sludge discharge port 3 under the action of centrifugal force, and the separator is in the small valve gap sludge discharge mode. After the intermittent sludge discharge is completed, the piston 4 moves upwards back to the upper dead center under the action of the reset force, the nozzle structure 5 realigns with the sludge discharge port 3 to resume continuous sludge discharge, the valve gap closes again, and the next working cycle begins. In this way, the separator automatically switches between two modes: continuous slag discharge from the nozzle and slag discharge through a small valve gap. This ensures both the continuous processing capacity of materials with high solid content and the periodic removal of accumulated solid phase in the slag zone through intermittent slag discharge, thus achieving efficient and reliable combined slag discharge operation.

[0024] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A disc separator combining continuous nozzle slag discharge and small valve gap slag discharge, characterized in that, The device includes a rotating drum body and a rotating drum cover that are interlocked and assembled together. The rotating drum body has a slag discharge port through its side wall. The bottom of the rotating drum body has a piston body that can be adjusted to move along the axial direction. The piston body has a nozzle structure for continuous slag discharge. The nozzle structure changes its height position as the piston body moves, so that the nozzle structure is aligned with or misaligned with the slag discharge port. When the nozzle structure is aligned with the slag discharge port, continuous slag discharge is formed. When the nozzle structure is misaligned with the slag discharge port, intermittent slag discharge is formed.

2. The disc separator combining continuous nozzle slag discharge and small valve gap slag discharge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle structure has several nozzles evenly distributed around the piston body, and the circumferentially distributed nozzle structures are centrally symmetrical.

3. The disc separator combining continuous nozzle slag discharge and small valve gap slag discharge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle structure is located on the upper edge of the circumferential side wall of the piston body. When the piston body is at the top dead center position, the height of the nozzle structure is aligned with the slag discharge port, and the upper edge of the piston body abuts against the drum cover. When the piston body is at the bottom dead center position, the outlet end of the nozzle structure is blocked by the inner wall of the drum body, and the valve gap between the upper edge of the piston body and the drum cover is opened and aligned with the slag discharge port.

4. A disc separator combining continuous nozzle slag discharge and small valve gap slag discharge as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle structure includes an installation hole that penetrates the side wall of the piston body. A nozzle seat is provided in the installation hole. A nozzle hole is provided through the nozzle seat along the axis. A replaceable slag discharge nozzle is installed in the nozzle hole. The slag discharge nozzle is provided through the slag discharge hole axially.

5. A disc separator combining continuous nozzle slag discharge and small valve gap slag discharge according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mounting hole and nozzle hole are both set as conical holes. The larger end of the mounting hole and nozzle hole is set close to the axis, and the smaller end is set close to the drum body, so that the slag discharge nozzle, nozzle seat and mounting hole form a conical sleeve self-locking structure in sequence, and wedge tightly and fit together when centrifugally rotating.

6. A disc separator combining continuous nozzle slag discharge and small valve gap slag discharge according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The nozzle seat has an outer sealing structure on its outer side wall and an inner sealing structure on its inner side wall. The outer sealing structure includes multiple outer annular grooves on the outer side wall of the nozzle seat, and an outer sealing ring is provided in each outer annular groove. The inner sealing structure includes at least one inner annular groove on the inner wall of the nozzle hole, and an inner sealing ring is provided in each inner annular groove. The outer sealing ring is used for sealing between the outer wall of the nozzle seat and the mounting hole, and the inner sealing ring is used for sealing between the inner wall of the nozzle seat and the outer wall of the slag discharge nozzle.

7. A disc separator combining continuous nozzle slag discharge and small valve gap slag discharge according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer and inner sealing rings are made of oil- and solvent-resistant fluororubber.

8. A disc separator combining continuous nozzle slag discharge and small valve gap slag discharge according to claim 4, characterized in that, The nozzle seat is made of martensitic stainless steel, and the slag discharge nozzle is made of wear-resistant hard alloy.

9. A disc separator combining continuous nozzle slag discharge and small valve gap slag discharge according to claim 4, characterized in that, The nozzle orifice has a diameter of 0.8-1.5 mm.

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