A hot water machine load impact pre-judgment method and system based on operation instruction feature recognition

Abstract

The present application relates to heat pump hot water equipment and multi-connected machine control technical field, especially to a kind of hot water machine load impact pre-judgment method and system based on operation instruction feature identification.The method bypass acquisition line controller operation instruction and determine pre-judgment time window, extract button duration, adjacent button interval, set value variation and instruction type, identify mutual exclusion operation intention;According to operation intention and current operating state, predict input power increment, aggregate capacity constraint to the power increment of multiple line controllers, determine predicted voltage drop amount and remaining available time;According to actuator stable time, select target actuator, output pre-regulation instruction before original control action response, and cancel pre-regulation when instruction is invalid, withdrawn or covered, and smoothly switch to normal control state after original control action takes effect.The present application can reduce instantaneous voltage drop and input current impact caused by concentrated operation, and improve hot water machine running stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat pump water heating equipment and multi-split unit control technology, and in particular to a method and system for predicting load impacts on water heaters based on operation command feature recognition. Background Technology

[0002] A water heater or a multi-split system with heating and hot water functions typically includes an outdoor unit controller, a compressor, a fan, an electronic expansion valve, and one or more wired controllers. The wired controllers send operation commands such as start-up, stop, temperature setting, mode switching, and operating parameter adjustment to the outdoor unit controller via a CAN bus, RS-485 bus, or other communication bus. After receiving and parsing the operation commands, the outdoor unit controller controls the compressor, fan, and electronic expansion valve to perform corresponding actions based on parameters such as the current water temperature, ambient temperature, compressor operating frequency, and system load.

[0003] When users increase the set temperature, continuously raise the set value, switch to rapid heating mode, or multiple wired controllers issue commands to increase heating demand within a short period, the water heater's load may increase dramatically in a short time. The compressor frequency, fan speed, and electronic expansion valve opening will change accordingly, easily causing a rapid increase in input current and a momentary drop in supply voltage. In applications with high power line impedance, limited power distribution capacity, or multiple devices sharing a power line, these load surges may also cause light flickering, controller resets, protection shutdowns, or other abnormal operation of electrical equipment.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN110608514B discloses a control method for a multi-split air conditioning system and a freely configurable multi-split air conditioning system. This technology calculates the overall load and load change rate based on the number of indoor units started and the indoor fan speed before and after the user command, and controls the compressor, outdoor fan, and electronic expansion valve according to the load change rate. When the load change rate exceeds a corresponding preset value, it executes actions such as compressor frequency reduction, outdoor fan speed reduction or shutdown, and rapid opening of the electronic expansion valve, thereby reducing the instantaneous pressure during load switching and improving the operational reliability of the multi-split air conditioning system.

[0005] However, CN110608514B primarily controls pressure changes during high-to-low load transitions, relying on the assumption that user commands have been received and load changes calculated based on the states before and after the commands. This technology fails to recognize combined characteristics of the operation process, such as button duration, intervals between adjacent buttons, and changes in setpoints, nor does it differentiate between different operational intentions, such as regular adjustment, continuous rapid pressing, and rapid heating. Furthermore, for scenarios where multiple wired controllers issue operation commands sequentially within a short period, this technology lacks a specific plan for predicting the superimposed input power increment and voltage drop before the actuator responds, making it difficult to utilize the time between command transmission, parsing, and actuator response to proactively suppress load surges.

[0006] Chinese invention patent application CN115427739A discloses an air conditioning monitoring system. This system includes a converter for collecting communication messages between the indoor and outdoor units of an air conditioner. The converter can send the communication messages to a local monitoring platform or a cloud monitoring platform for parsing. The local or cloud monitoring platform can also send control commands to the air conditioning system through the converter. This technology enables the collection, parsing, and control command issuance of communication messages between the indoor and outdoor units of an air conditioner, providing a technical foundation for obtaining operational information from the air conditioning communication link.

[0007] However, CN115427739A is mainly used for monitoring and parsing air conditioning communication messages and for local or remote control. It does not identify potential user load demands based on the time characteristics of operation commands and the characteristics of setpoint changes, nor does it predict the input power increment caused by operation commands based on the current operating status of the water heater. This technology also does not address capacity constraint aggregation of multiple operation commands, prediction of power supply voltage drops, or selection of pre-adjustment objects based on remaining response time and the action time of different actuators. Therefore, the control commands it issues are still general control implemented by the monitoring platform based on already obtained information, and cannot directly solve the problem of proactive intervention before load surges occur.

[0008] Furthermore, from the moment the wired controller issues an operation command to the water heater actuator's actual response, it typically involves communication transmission, message verification, command parsing, control quantity calculation, and actuator action. These processes inherently involve a certain processing delay. Current technologies usually treat this processing delay as an inherent delay in the control system, waiting for the outdoor unit controller to complete command parsing before executing the control action, without utilizing this delay for load surge prediction. When the operation command corresponds to a significant change in heating demand, the time allotted for the system to suppress sudden changes in input power is short, easily leading to control actions lagging behind load changes.

[0009] Meanwhile, electronic expansion valves, fans, and compressors have different response speeds and settling times. If a uniform pre-adjustment action is output directly without considering the remaining processing time of the operation command, some actuators may not be able to reach the target state before the load surge occurs; if all actuators are pre-adjusted simultaneously, it may cause unnecessary increases in energy consumption or new current fluctuations. For operation commands that fail verification, are withdrawn by the user, or are overwritten by subsequent commands, the lack of corresponding cancellation and switching mechanisms may also result in adjustment actions that are inconsistent with the user's actual needs.

[0010] Therefore, existing technologies still need to address the following issues: how to identify the characteristics and intent of operation commands by utilizing the time between the entry of the operation command into the communication bus and the response of the actuator without affecting the original communication and control links of the water heater; how to predict superimposed load impacts and power supply voltage drops when multiple wired controllers are operating simultaneously; and how to complete pre-adjustment matching the prediction results before the actual occurrence of load impacts based on available time and actuator response characteristics, and avoid unnecessary control actions caused by invalid operation commands. Summary of the Invention

[0011] This invention aims to provide a method and system for predicting load shocks in water heaters based on the feature recognition of operating instructions, in order to solve the problem that existing water heaters can only adjust after a sudden change in load and cannot identify different operating intentions and the superposition effect of multiple controller instructions, so as to achieve the prediction and pre-adjustment of load shocks before the original control action takes effect.

[0012] Firstly, in order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0013] A method for predicting load shocks in water heaters based on operation command feature recognition includes the following steps:

[0014] S1. Bypass the acquisition of operation commands without blocking the original communication link between the wired controller and the outdoor unit controller, and determine the prediction time window based on the calibrated signal transmission delay, command parsing delay and actuator response delay.

[0015] S2. Extract the key duration, adjacent key interval, set value change and instruction type within the predicted time window, verify the validity of the operation instruction, and identify the valid operation instruction as a mutually exclusive operation intention according to the preset priority.

[0016] S3. Based on the operation intention and the current operating status of the water heater, determine the predicted input power increment corresponding to each valid operation instruction, perform capacity constraint aggregation on the predicted input power increments from multiple wired controllers in the aggregation window, obtain the total predicted input power increment, and determine the remaining available time;

[0017] S4. Determine the predicted voltage drop based on the total predicted input power increment, match the remaining available time with the settling time of the candidate actuators, select the target actuator that can complete the pre-adjustment within the remaining available time, and determine the pre-adjustment amount of the target actuator. The pre-adjustment amount of the compressor is limited by the current ramp-up rate.

[0018] S5. Before the outdoor unit controller executes the original control action corresponding to the operation instruction, output a pre-adjustment instruction; when the operation instruction fails to be verified, is withdrawn, or is overwritten by a subsequent operation instruction, cancel the pre-adjustment instruction, and smoothly switch the target actuator from the pre-adjustment state to the normal control state after the original control action takes effect.

[0019] As a further improvement, in step S1, the prediction time window is calibrated by recording the time when the operation command enters the communication bus, the time when the outdoor controller completes command parsing, and the time when the actuator generates a response, and is determined according to the following formula: In the formula, To predict the time window; The calibrated transmission delay for the operation commands being transmitted from the wired controller to the outdoor unit controller; The calibration and parsing delay is used to determine the outdoor unit controller's ability to receive, verify, and parse operation commands. The calibration response delay is the time delay from the generation of the original control action to the corresponding actuator's response; each calibration delay is determined using the preset low quantile value of multiple sets of calibration data for the same model.

[0020] And / or, in step S2, the validity of the operation instruction is first determined based on the frame verification result, the instruction source address, and the instruction sequence relationship. Then, the instruction is judged in order of priority: start / stop switching, rapid heating, continuous fast pressing, and normal adjustment. Among them, when the change in the set value reaches the set value change threshold, it is identified as rapid heating; when the interval between adjacent buttons is less than the interval threshold, it is identified as continuous fast pressing; and a valid operation instruction that does not meet the prior operation intention judgment condition is identified as normal adjustment, so that a valid operation instruction corresponds to only one operation intention.

[0021] As a further improvement, in step S3, an input power increment calibration table is established with the operation intention, ambient temperature, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, compressor current frequency, and electronic expansion valve current opening as indexes. The calibration value in the input power increment calibration table is the difference between the input power after executing the corresponding operation command under the same operating state and the input power before executing the corresponding operation command. Interpolation is performed based on the adjacent calibration nodes corresponding to the current operating state to obtain the predicted input power increment.

[0022] As a further improvement, in step S3, the duration of the aggregation window is shorter than the prediction time window; under the condition that the current input power of the water heater is less than the upper limit of the allowable input power, the total predicted input power increment is determined according to the following formula:

[0023] ;

[0024] In the formula, This represents the total predicted input power increment. For the first in the aggregation window Predicted input power increment corresponding to each valid operating instruction; The number of valid operation commands within the aggregation window; This refers to the maximum allowable input power for the water heater. This represents the current input power of the water heater.

[0025] The predicted voltage drop is determined according to the following formula:

[0026] ;

[0027] In the formula, To predict voltage drop; The equivalent influence coefficient of the power grid is calibrated based on the impedance of the power supply line of the water heater and historical operating data; This represents the total predicted input power increment.

[0028] As a further improvement, the remaining available time in step S3 is determined according to the following formula:

[0029] ;

[0030] In the formula, Remaining available time; To predict the time window; The time required to complete the acquisition of operation instructions, validity verification, and aggregation of multiple instructions; The time required to complete the identification of operational intent and the prediction of load shocks; Allow sufficient time for pre-adjustment command output and transmission;

[0031] The target actuator in step S4 is determined from the following set of optional actuators:

[0032] ;

[0033] In the formula, A set of optional executors; For the first One candidate actuator; For the first The settling time required for each candidate actuator to reach the pre-adjusted state; The remaining available time; the candidate actuators include an electronic expansion valve, a compressor, and a fan;

[0034] Preferably, in step S4, the predicted voltage drop is compared with a first drop threshold, a second drop threshold, and a third drop threshold, respectively. At least one of the electronic expansion valve, a fan, and a compressor is selected as the target actuator from the set of selectable actuators, and the pre-increase opening degree of the electronic expansion valve, the pre-increase speed of the fan, and the pre-increase current of the compressor are determined respectively. When the target actuator includes a compressor, the pre-regulation current ramp-up rate of the compressor satisfies:

[0035] ;

[0036] In the formula, The pre-regulation current ramp-up rate of the compressor; This is the pre-amplitude current of the compressor; Remaining available time; This is the upper limit of the current ramp-up rate determined based on the allowable voltage fluctuation range of the power supply line.

[0037] As a further improvement, in step S5, the original communication link continues to be monitored after the pre-adjustment command is output; when the frame verification of the operation command fails, the same wire controller issues a withdrawal command, or a subsequent operation command changes the prior operation intent, the pre-adjustment command that has not yet been taken over by the original control action is revoked; after the original control action takes effect, the target actuator is smoothly switched to the normal control state according to the following formula:

[0038] ;

[0039] In the formula, For the first The target actuator is in the first The actual control quantity for each control cycle; For the outdoor unit controller in the first Normal control quantities generated in each control cycle; For the first Pre-adjustment amount of each target actuator; The transition coefficient gradually decreases from 1 to 0; This is for controlling the cycle number.

[0040] Secondly, the present invention also provides a water heater load impact prediction system based on operation command feature recognition. This system is used to implement the method described above, including:

[0041] The bypass command acquisition module is connected in parallel with the communication bus between the wired controller and the outdoor unit controller, and is used to acquire operation commands without blocking the original communication link.

[0042] The response delay calibration module is used to store the calibration results of signal transmission delay, instruction parsing delay and actuator response delay, and to determine the prediction time window;

[0043] The feature and intent recognition module is used to extract the key duration, adjacent key interval, set value change and instruction type of operation commands, verify the validity of operation commands, and identify valid operation commands as mutually exclusive operation intents.

[0044] The load impact prediction module is used to determine the predicted input power increment based on the operation intention and the current operating status of the water heater, aggregate the predicted input power increments corresponding to multiple wired controllers with capacity constraints, and determine the predicted voltage drop.

[0045] The time matching module is used to determine the remaining available time and select the target executor based on the settling time of the candidate executors;

[0046] The pre-adjustment output module is used to determine the pre-adjustment amount of the target actuator and output the pre-adjustment command to the target actuator before the outdoor controller executes the original control action;

[0047] The cancellation and switching module is used to cancel the pre-adjustment command when the operation command verification fails, is withdrawn, or is overwritten by the subsequent operation command, and smoothly switch the target actuator to the normal control state after the original control action takes effect.

[0048] As a further improvement, the bypass command acquisition module includes a bus transceiver, a high-impedance receiving circuit, a timestamp counter, and a command latch; the bus transceiver is connected in parallel with a CAN bus or an RS-485 bus through the high-impedance receiving circuit, the timestamp counter is used to record the time when the operation command enters the communication bus, and the command latch is used to save the operation command and its source address without changing the original communication message.

[0049] And / or, the response delay calibration module includes a transmission delay storage unit, a parsing delay storage unit, and an actuator response delay storage unit; the feature and intent recognition module includes a key timing unit, an interval timing unit, a difference comparison unit, an instruction verification unit, and a priority judgment unit, wherein the priority judgment unit is used to output a unique operation intent according to the priority of start / stop switching, rapid heating, continuous fast pressing, and normal adjustment;

[0050] And / or, the load impact prediction module includes an input power increment calibration table, an operating status index unit, an increment aggregation unit, and a voltage drop prediction unit; the time matching module includes a remaining time calculation unit, an actuator stabilization time storage unit, and an actuator screening unit, wherein the actuator screening unit only identifies electronic expansion valves, compressors, and fans with stabilization times less than the remaining available time as selectable actuators;

[0051] And / or, the pre-adjustment output module includes a graded comparison unit, a current ramp-up limiting unit, and output channels respectively connected to the electronic expansion valve, the compressor, and the fan; the cancellation and switching module includes an instruction status monitoring unit, a pre-adjustment cancellation unit, and a control quantity fusion unit, wherein the control quantity fusion unit is used to reduce the pre-adjustment quantity to 0 according to a gradually decreasing transition coefficient after the original control action takes effect.

[0052] Thirdly, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method described above.

[0053] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described thereon.

[0054] This invention bypasses the acquisition of operation commands, and without disrupting the original communication and control links of the water heater, utilizes a predictive time window formed by signal transmission, command parsing, and actuator response to extract the duration of key presses, the interval between adjacent key presses, the change in set value, and the command type in advance. It identifies valid operation commands as mutually exclusive operation intentions, enabling the differentiation of load demands corresponding to different operation behaviors before actual load changes. By combining the current operating status of the water heater to determine the predicted input power increment, and by aggregating the operation commands of multiple wired controllers within the aggregation window using capacity constraints, it can predict the superimposed load impact and power supply voltage drop caused by concentrated operations of multiple commands. Furthermore, it utilizes the remaining available time... By matching the settling time of the electronic expansion valve, compressor, and fan, and selecting actuators that can complete the adjustment before the original control action takes effect, and limiting the compressor current ramp-up rate, the load increase process can be transformed from a concentrated sudden change to a controlled transition, reducing the rate of change of input current and the risk of instantaneous voltage drop. At the same time, by setting up mechanisms for invalid command cancellation, subsequent command overwriting, and smooth switching of normal control state, unnecessary pre-adjustment caused by misoperation or command changes can be avoided, reducing conflicts between predictive control and original control logic. This improves the operational stability, control reliability, and compatibility with the original system of the water heater in scenarios with centralized operation of multiple wired controllers and limited power supply conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the water heater load impact prediction system of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for predicting the load impact of a water heater according to the present invention.

[0057] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram illustrating the timing relationship between the prediction processing link and the original control link of the water heater in this invention.

[0058] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the operation instruction feature extraction and mutual exclusion operation intent recognition process of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of predicting input power increment aggregation, predicting voltage drop determination, and selecting the target actuator in this invention.

[0060] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-adjustment command cancellation and smooth switching process of the pre-adjustment state according to the present invention.

[0061] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the change of power supply voltage over time for different control schemes in a rapid heating test of a single-wire controller.

[0062] Figure 8 This is a comparison chart of the maximum voltage drop, peak input current, and voltage recovery time for each control scheme under different operating conditions. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art regarding module arrangement, communication protocols, thresholds, and actuator types without departing from the technical concept of the present invention can all be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] I. Terminology Explanation

[0065] 1. Hot water system

[0066] The hot water system in this embodiment refers to a device that uses a compression refrigeration cycle to produce hot water, including air source heat pump water heaters, multi-split heat pump water heaters, and multi-split systems with hot water production capabilities. The hot water system includes at least an outdoor unit controller, a compressor, an electronic expansion valve, and a fan, and is connected to one or more wired controllers via a communication bus.

[0067] 2. Operation Instructions

[0068] Operation commands refer to control messages generated by any of the wired controllers in the wired controller group and sent through the communication bus. These include commands such as power on, power off, increase set temperature, decrease set temperature, switch operating modes, start rapid heating, and adjust fan speed. Operation commands also include button press messages, button hold messages, button release messages, and repetitive messages generated when continuously adjusting the same set value.

[0069] 3. Bypass data collection

[0070] Bypass acquisition refers to the load impact prediction controller obtaining operating commands from the communication bus in parallel, high-impedance reception mode, without interrupting, delaying, or modifying the original communication messages between the wired controller and the outdoor unit controller. Even if the load impact prediction controller fails, the original operating commands can still reach the outdoor unit controller along the original communication link.

[0071] 4. Predicting the time window

[0072] The prediction time window refers to the available time from the moment the load impact prediction controller acquires the operation command until the outdoor unit controller causes the corresponding actuator to generate the original control response based on the operation command. The prediction time window is not an artificially added delay, but an inherent time interval formed by communication transmission, command parsing, control quantity generation, and actuator response processes.

[0073] 5. Operational Intent

[0074] Operation intent refers to the result of classifying the expected load change pattern by the user based on key press duration, interval between adjacent keys, change in set value, and command type. This implementation divides operation intent into start / stop switching, rapid heating, continuous rapid pressing, and normal adjustment, and uses priority rules to ensure that a valid operation command corresponds to only one operation intent within the same recognition cycle.

[0075] 6. Predicting input power increments

[0076] Predicted input power increment refers to the expected change in the water heater's input power caused by executing a corresponding operating command under the current operating conditions. This differs from the nominal load, which is determined solely by the number of indoor units or fan speed; instead, it is determined by considering ambient temperature, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, the compressor's current frequency, and the current opening degree of the electronic expansion valve.

[0077] 7. Capacity-Constrained Aggregation

[0078] Capacity-constrained aggregation refers to the superposition of predicted input power increments corresponding to multiple valid operation commands within the aggregation window. The aggregation limit is the difference between the upper limit of the allowed input power of the water heater and the current input power, so as to avoid the total predicted input power increment exceeding the actual power change range that the equipment can generate.

[0079] 8. Stabilization time

[0080] The stabilization time refers to the time required for the actuator's actual control quantity to reach a preset proportion of the pre-adjustment target value after receiving the pre-adjustment command. In this embodiment, the stabilization time is defined as the time it takes for the actuator's actual control quantity to first reach 90% of the pre-adjustment target value. Different models can also use proportions ranging from 85% to 95% for calibration, with 90% being preferred.

[0081] 9. Pre-adjustment state

[0082] Pre-adjustment state refers to the operating state formed before the outdoor unit controller executes its original control action. This state involves applying restrictive control parameters to at least one of the electronic expansion valve, compressor, and fan based on predicted input power increments, predicted voltage drops, and remaining available time. The pre-adjustment state does not replace the normal control logic of the outdoor unit controller and gradually exits after the original control action takes effect.

[0083] II. System Overall Structure

[0084] like Figure 1 As shown, the water heater system includes a group of wired controllers, a communication bus, an outdoor unit controller, an electronic expansion valve, a compressor, and a fan. The group of wired controllers includes a first wired controller, a second wired controller, and so on up to the Nth wired controller. Each wired controller is connected to the outdoor unit controller via a CAN bus, an RS-485 bus, or the serial communication bus used by the water heater itself.

[0085] The load impact prediction controller is connected in parallel with the communication bus and is connected to the actuator control link of the outdoor unit controller through a control arbitration interface. The load impact prediction controller includes a bypass command acquisition module, a response delay calibration module, a feature and intent recognition module, a load impact prediction module, a time matching module, a pre-adjustment output module, a cancellation and switching module, and a data storage module.

[0086] The bypass command acquisition module may include a CAN transceiver or RS-485 transceiver, a high-impedance receiving circuit, a timestamp counter, and a command latch. The input impedance of the high-impedance receiving circuit is preferably not less than 100kΩ to reduce the impact of the load surge prediction controller on the electrical characteristics of the communication bus. The resolution of the timestamp counter can be set from 1μs to 1ms; this embodiment uses 100μs. The command latch is used to store the original message, source address, command sequence number, and acquisition time of the operation command.

[0087] The response delay calibration module stores signal transmission delay, command parsing delay, and actuator response delay. This module can generate calibration parameters during the water heater's factory testing phase, and can also perform secondary calibration during the installation and commissioning phase based on the actual communication lines and actuator status.

[0088] The feature and intent recognition module includes a key timing unit, an interval timing unit, a difference comparison unit, an instruction verification unit, and a priority judgment unit. These units are used to extract the key duration, adjacent key intervals, setpoint changes, and instruction type from the operation instruction, determine whether the operation instruction is valid, and output a unique operation intent.

[0089] The load surge prediction module includes an input power increment calibration table, an operating status index unit, an increment aggregation unit, and a voltage drop prediction unit. The time matching module includes a remaining time calculation unit, an actuator settling time storage unit, and an actuator screening unit. The pre-regulation output module includes a graded comparison unit, a current ramp-up limiting unit, and output channels corresponding to the electronic expansion valve, compressor, and fan, respectively.

[0090] The cancellation and switching module includes an instruction status monitoring unit, a pre-adjustment cancellation unit, and a control quantity fusion unit. The data storage module preferably uses non-volatile memory to store delay calibration parameters, operation intent judgment thresholds, input power increment calibration tables, power supply line equivalent influence coefficients, actuator settling time, pre-adjustment range, and control priority.

[0091] The control arbitration interface is used to coordinate safety protection commands, outdoor unit normal control commands, and pre-adjustment commands. Their priorities, from highest to lowest, are: safety protection commands, fault shutdown commands, outdoor unit forced control commands, pre-adjustment commands, and outdoor unit normal control commands. When situations such as excessively high exhaust temperature, high-pressure protection, low-pressure protection, compressor overcurrent, communication failure, or power supply voltage falling below the safe lower limit occur, the control arbitration interface will disable or immediately cancel the pre-adjustment command.

[0092] The above modules can be implemented by a microcontroller on a separate control board, or as different logic units in the outdoor unit controller. When using a separate control board, it is preferable to use a microcontroller with a main frequency of not less than 72MHz, a CAN or UART interface, and not less than 64KB of non-volatile memory. When integrated into the outdoor unit controller, the bypass instruction acquisition task and the original instruction parsing task run separately. The fact that they do not share the same waiting queue will cause the original message processing to be blocked.

[0093] III. Overall Technical Approach

[0094] like Figure 2 As shown, the method of the present invention includes steps S1 to S5. Step S1 establishes a usable predictive time window; Step S2 extracts features from operation instructions and identifies mutually exclusive operation intentions; Step S3 determines the predicted input power increment of each valid operation instruction, aggregates multiple operation instructions by capacity constraints, and calculates the remaining available time; Step S4 predicts the power supply voltage drop and selects the target actuator and pre-adjustment amount based on the actuator stabilization time; Step S5 outputs the pre-adjustment instruction before the original control action, and cancels the pre-adjustment according to the operation instruction status or smoothly exits the pre-adjustment state after the original control action takes effect.

[0095] Steps S2, S3, and S4 constitute the main technical links for the present invention to achieve proactive intervention in load shocks. The following will describe these steps in conjunction with... Figures 3 to 5 Please provide a detailed explanation.

[0096] (a) Step S1: Bypass acquisition operation command and determine the prediction time window

[0097] like Figure 3 As shown, the wired controller generates an operation command at time A, the operation command enters the communication bus at time B, the outdoor controller receives the complete message at time C, completes verification and parsing at time D, generates the original control quantity at time E, and causes the corresponding actuator to produce a detectable response at time F.

[0098] The bypass command acquisition module performs high-impedance sampling and records time B when the operation command enters the communication bus, without waiting for a response from the outdoor unit controller. Simultaneously, the original operation command continues to be transmitted to the outdoor unit controller along the original communication link. Therefore, in Figure 3 In the process, the load impact prediction and processing link and the original control link of the outdoor unit start running in parallel from time B.

[0099] The prediction time window is determined by the following formula: In the formula, To predict the time window; The calibrated transmission delay for the operation commands being transmitted from the wired controller to the outdoor unit controller; The calibration and parsing delay required for the outdoor unit controller to complete message reception, verification, parsing, and original control quantity generation; The calibration response delay is the time from the generation of the original control quantity to the corresponding actuator generating a response.

[0100] During factory calibration, at least 30 sets of operational tests are performed on the same model, and times B, D, and F are recorded respectively. To avoid the failure of pre-adjustment to be completed in a timely manner in a few fast-response operating conditions due to the use of average values, this embodiment uses the 10% lower quantile value of the calibration sample for various delays. This lower quantile ratio can be selected in the range of 5% to 20%, preferably 10%.

[0101] For example, if a water heater's calibration transmission delay is 28ms, calibration parsing delay is 62ms, and calibration response delay is 180ms, then the prediction time window is 270ms. For different communication protocols and actuators, the prediction time window is typically between 100ms and 500ms. The response delay calibration module saves calibration results separately according to model, operating mode, and actuator type, avoiding the use of a fixed time to represent all operating conditions.

[0102] During bypass acquisition, the load impact prediction controller only receives level changes on the communication bus, without modifying operation commands or inserting acknowledgment frames into the communication bus. When the bypass command acquisition module is reset or loses power, its bus interface switches to a high-impedance state to ensure the original communication link continues to operate.

[0103] (ii) Step S2: Feature extraction and mutual exclusion operation intent recognition

[0104] like Figure 4 As shown, step S2 includes message validity verification, operation event reconstruction, feature extraction, priority judgment, and operation intent output. This step does not simply read the final set value in the operation command, but transforms the key operation process into operation events with a time sequence, thereby identifying the user's load demand trend before the outdoor unit executes load change actions.

[0105] 1. Message validity verification

[0106] After the bypass command acquisition module receives the operation command, the command verification unit first determines the frame header, frame length, source address, destination address, function code, and check field according to the communication protocol. CAN bus messages can be verified using the cyclic redundancy check result and message identifier provided by the controller; RS-485 bus messages can be verified using the checksum or cyclic redundancy check field set in the protocol.

[0107] An operation command is marked as valid if the following conditions are met: the message frame length meets the protocol requirements; the checksum field is correct; the source address belongs to a registered wired controller; the command sequence number and the previous command sequence number of the wired controller have an increasing or cyclically increasing relationship; and the command type belongs to a preset set of operation commands. If any condition is not met, the operation intent recognition will not proceed, and an invalid command flag will be output to the cancellation and switching module.

[0108] For communication buses with retransmission mechanisms, the instruction verification unit establishes a message fingerprint using the source address, instruction type, target setting, and instruction sequence number. Messages with the same message fingerprint within a preset deduplication period are considered the same operation event and are not aggregated as multiple load increments. The deduplication period can be set from 20ms to 100ms; in this implementation, it is set to 50ms.

[0109] 2. Refactoring of Operation Events

[0110] When the wired controller sends key press, key hold, and key release messages respectively, the key timing unit determines the key duration by using the timestamp of the key press message as the starting point and the timestamp of the key release message as the ending point. When the wired controller does not send an independent key release message, but periodically sends repeating messages during the key hold period, the key timing unit estimates the key duration based on the time difference between the first and last repeating messages and the repeating period.

[0111] For adjacent operations, the interval timing unit calculates the time between the end time of the previous valid operation event and the start time of the next valid operation event on the same remote controller. Operation events from different remote controllers are timed independently to prevent them from being incorrectly merged into continuous rapid presses due to different sources.

[0112] The difference comparison unit reads the setpoint before and after the operation to determine the change in the setpoint. The setpoint can be the target outlet water temperature, target water tank temperature, heating level, or equivalent load setpoint converted by the protocol. For mode switching commands, the difference comparison unit also reads the mode field to identify whether the rapid heating flag has changed from an inactive state to an active state.

[0113] No. The operational characteristics corresponding to a valid operation instruction can be represented as follows: In the formula, For the first Operational characteristics of a valid operation instruction; The duration of the key press; The interval between this operation command and the previous valid operation command of the same wired controller; The change in the set value; Encode the instruction type; This is the address of the source wired controller.

[0114] The instruction type encoding is only used internally within the controller to distinguish between power-on, power-off, setpoint increase, setpoint decrease, and mode switching; different manufacturers are not required to use the same specific encoding values. The data storage module stores the correspondence between communication protocol fields and unified instruction types.

[0115] 3. Determining the threshold

[0116] In a specific model, the short press duration threshold is set to 300ms, the long press duration threshold is set to 800ms, the adjacent button interval threshold is set to 250ms, and the set temperature change threshold is set to 3℃. These thresholds can be calibrated based on the remote controller's button scanning cycle and communication cycle.

[0117] The short press duration threshold can be selected from 200ms to 500ms; the adjacent button interval threshold can be selected from 150ms to 400ms; and the set temperature change threshold can be selected from 2℃ to 5℃. If the water heater uses a speed setting instead of temperature as the set value, the set value change threshold can be set to change continuously by two speed settings.

[0118] Continuous rapid pressing requires not only that the interval between adjacent buttons be less than a threshold, but also that the number of operations in the same direction be at least 3 within 1 second. By setting both the interval and the number of operations conditions simultaneously, it is possible to avoid misinterpreting two independent adjustments made by the user accidentally as continuous rapid pressing.

[0119] 4. Mutual Exclusion Operation Intent Recognition

[0120] The priority judgment unit makes judgments in the following order: start / stop switching, rapid heating, continuous quick press, and normal adjustment.

[0121] First, when an operation command changes the start / stop status of the water heater, it is identified as a start / stop switch and will not proceed to subsequent judgments. When switching from stop to start, it corresponds to a positive predicted input power increment; when switching from start to stop, it corresponds to a negative or zero predicted input power increment.

[0122] Second, in cases not involving start / stop switching, when the rapid heating flag is activated, or the change in the set value reaches the set value change threshold, the operation command will be identified as rapid heating. Even if the operation simultaneously meets the condition of continuous rapid pressing, rapid heating will be the sole operation intent.

[0123] Third, in cases where it does not involve start-stop switching or rapid heating, if the same wired controller generates at least 3 adjustment operations in the same direction within 1 second, and the interval between adjacent operations is less than the interval threshold, the corresponding operation will be identified as continuous fast press.

[0124] Fourth, the remaining setpoint adjustments or mode adjustments that pass the validity verification are identified as routine adjustments.

[0125] The aforementioned sequential exit recognition method can eliminate overlap between different intent categories. For example, when a user increases the set temperature by 4°C at once by pressing the keys continuously, although this operation has the characteristics of continuous rapid pressing, since the change in the set value has already reached the rapid heating judgment condition, only the rapid heating intent is output, and not the continuous rapid pressing intent.

[0126] 5. Timeliness control of recognition results

[0127] The operation intent recognition must be completed within the predicted time window. To avoid exhausting the available time by continuously waiting for subsequent key presses, the feature and intent recognition module is set with a maximum recognition waiting time. The maximum recognition waiting time is 25% of the predicted time window, and does not exceed 80ms.

[0128] The maximum recognition waiting time is determined by the following formula: In the formula, Maximum recognition waiting time; The time window is for prediction; 0.25 is the identification waiting ratio coefficient, which can be from 0.15 to 0.30, and is 0.25 in this implementation; 80ms is the maximum waiting limit.

[0129] When the start / stop switching or rapid heating judgment conditions are met within the maximum recognition waiting time, the recognition result is output immediately without further waiting. If all the required buttons for continuous rapid pressing have not yet been formed, a preliminary prediction result can be generated using conventional adjustments; once subsequent buttons arrive within the aggregation window, the predicted input power increment is corrected based on the updated continuous rapid pressing intent. This approach utilizes the characteristics of the operation process without missing pre-adjustment opportunities due to waiting for a complete operation sequence.

[0130] (III) Step S3: Predicting the determination of the incremental input power, capacity constraint aggregation and remaining time calculation

[0131] Step S3 is the process of converting the operational intent into a physical quantity that can be used for actuator control. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the load impact prediction module sequentially reads the operation intention, current operating status, and input power increment calibration table to determine the predicted input power increment corresponding to a single operation command; then, it performs capacity constraint aggregation on the predicted input power increments from different wire controllers within the aggregation window.

[0132] 1. Obtaining the current running status

[0133] The current operating status includes at least the ambient temperature, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, compressor current frequency, electronic expansion valve current opening degree, and water heater current input power. These parameters are obtained from the outdoor unit controller's sensor acquisition interface or internal data bus.

[0134] The sampling period for ambient temperature can be set from 1 second to 10 seconds, the sampling period for water temperature can be set from 100 milliseconds to 1 second, and the sampling periods for compressor frequency, electronic expansion valve opening, and current input power can be set from 20 milliseconds to 200 milliseconds. This implementation uses 5 seconds, 500 milliseconds, and 50 milliseconds respectively. The operating status used for prediction is the most recent valid sampled value before the operation command enters the communication bus.

[0135] When any key operating parameter exceeds its preset validity period, the load impact prediction module will not perform high-level pre-adjustment. For example, the validity period of the current input power is set to 200ms, the validity period of the water temperature parameter is set to 2s, and the validity period of the ambient temperature parameter is set to 20s. Data exceeding the validity period is only used for conservative estimation, or the pre-adjustment level is limited to electronic expansion valve pre-adjustment.

[0136] 2. Establishment of Input Power Increment Calibration Table

[0137] The input power increment calibration table uses the operating intention, ambient temperature range, inlet water temperature range, outlet water temperature range, compressor frequency range, and electronic expansion valve opening range as indexes. Each calibration node corresponds to the input power change measured after performing a specific operation under the same operating conditions.

[0138] No. The input power increment of an operating command under a rated operating condition is determined by the following formula: In the formula, For the first The input power increment corresponding to each operation command; This refers to the input power when entering the target control stage after executing the corresponding operation command; The input power before executing the corresponding operation command.

[0139] During the calibration process It can retrieve the average value of the input power within 1 second before the operation command is sent. The average value of the input power during the period from 0.5s to 1.5s after the original control action takes effect can be taken. Each calibration node should be tested at least 5 times. After removing samples of protection shutdown and communication anomalies, the arithmetic mean of the valid test results should be written into the input power incremental calibration table.

[0140] For example, for a water heater with a rated input power of 12kW, under the conditions of an ambient temperature of 5℃, an inlet water temperature of 25℃, an outlet water temperature of 30℃, a compressor current frequency of 35Hz, and an electronic expansion valve current opening of 180 steps, the following input power increments can be calibrated: a 1℃ increase corresponds to an input power increment of 0.6kW; a continuous fast press corresponds to an input power increment of 1.5kW; rapid heating corresponds to an input power increment of 2.4kW; and switching from off to on state corresponds to an input power increment of 3.1kW. These values ​​are examples for a specific model and are not fixed values ​​for other models.

[0141] 3. Interpolation of adjacent calibration nodes

[0142] When the current operating state is not completely consistent with a calibration node in the input power increment calibration table, the operating state index unit selects the 4 to 8 nearest neighboring calibration nodes and normalizes each operating parameter. The weights of neighboring nodes can be determined according to the following formula:

[0143] ;

[0144] In the formula, For the first Interpolation weights of adjacent calibration nodes; For the current running status and the first Normalized distance between adjacent labeled nodes; To prevent the stability coefficient from being zero, this implementation takes a value of 0.01, with an allowed range of 0.005 to 0.05.

[0145] The predicted input power increment is determined by the following formula:

[0146] ;

[0147] In the formula, For the first Predicted input power increment for each valid operating instruction; In this implementation, the number of adjacent calibration nodes participating in the interpolation is set to 4. For the first Interpolation weights of adjacent calibration nodes; For the first Among the adjacent calibration nodes, the one with the first The calibrated input power increment corresponding to the operational intent of each operation instruction.

[0148] When the normalized distance between the current operating state and a certain calibration node is less than 0.01, the data from that calibration node is used directly, and multi-node interpolation is no longer performed. By combining the operation intention and the current operating state, the same button operation can be prevented from being assigned the same load impact under different water temperatures, ambient temperatures, and compressor frequencies.

[0149] 4. Multi-wire controller command aggregation

[0150] The incremental aggregation unit establishes an aggregation window starting from the first valid load increase operation command to arrive. The duration of the aggregation window is preferably 20ms to 80ms, and is less than the maximum identification waiting time and the prediction time window. This implementation uses 60ms.

[0151] Within the aggregation window, valid operation commands issued by different wire controllers are used to calculate the predicted input power increment. Continuous adjustments to the same setpoint by the same wire controller, after deduplication, can be processed as a single updated operation event. Prior operations from the same source address that are overridden by subsequent commands are included in the aggregation result.

[0152] When the current input power of the water heater is less than the upper limit of the allowable input power, the total predicted input power increment is determined according to the following formula:

[0153] ;

[0154] In the formula, This represents the total predicted input power increment. For the first in the aggregation window Predicted input power increment corresponding to each valid operating instruction; The number of valid operation commands within the aggregation window; This refers to the maximum allowable input power for the water heater. This represents the current input power of the water heater.

[0155] For example, the maximum allowed input power for a water heater is 12kW, and the current input power is 7kW. The predicted input power increments for the two wired controllers within the aggregation window are 3kW and 2.6kW, respectively. These two increments add up to 5.6kW, but the allowed increase in input power is only 5kW. Therefore, the total predicted input power increment is taken as 5kW.

[0156] Capacity-constrained aggregation not only prevents predicted results from exceeding the actual power range of the water heater, but also prevents the pre-adjustment amount from accumulating infinitely with the number of commands when multiple wired controllers operate simultaneously.

[0157] 5. Calibration of equivalent influence coefficient for power supply lines

[0158] The equivalent influence coefficient of the power supply line is used to convert the input power increment into a predicted voltage drop. During the installation and commissioning phase, at least five sets of tests with different power increments can be performed within the normal allowable range of the water heater. The power increment and its corresponding voltage change for each set are recorded, and the equivalent influence coefficient of the power supply line is determined using the least squares method.

[0159] ;

[0160] In the formula, The equivalent influence coefficient of the power supply line; To determine the number of test groups; For the first The voltage drop during the group calibration test; For the first The input power increment in the group calibration test.

[0161] For water heaters powered by 220V single-phase electricity, The voltage can be selected within the range of 0.3V / kW to 2.5V / kW; one calibration value in this embodiment is 1.15V / kW. For power supply scenarios with short lines and large wire diameters, Typically smaller; however, in scenarios with longer lines, higher line impedance, or more co-line loads, The values ​​are usually large. If the field calibration value exceeds the above range, the actual field measurement result should be used and the voltage drop threshold adjusted accordingly, instead of forcibly truncating to the end of the range.

[0162] The predicted voltage drop is determined by the following formula: In the formula, To predict voltage drop; The equivalent influence coefficient of the power supply line; This represents the total predicted input power increment.

[0163] 6. Calculation of Remaining Available Time

[0164] After completing command aggregation, the load impact prediction controller calculates the remaining available time based on the processing time already consumed: In the formula, Remaining available time; To predict the time window; The time required to complete the acquisition of operation instructions, validity verification, and aggregation of multiple instructions; The time required to complete operational intent identification and load shock prediction; Reserve time for pre-adjustment command output and transmission.

[0165] in, Recorded by a timestamp counter, not using a fixed estimate; It can be recorded by the controller's runtime counter, or the upper limit value calibrated for the same model can be used; It can be set from 5ms to 20ms; in this implementation, it is set to 12ms.

[0166] When the remaining available time is less than the minimum settling time of the electronic expansion valve, compressor, and fan, the system does not perform full pre-conditioning. It can only output a limiting command that does not require the actuator to reach a steady state, or retain the prediction result for use by the outdoor unit controller in the original control action.

[0167] (iv) Step S4: Actuator time matching and pre-adjustment determination

[0168] Step S4 is used to address the issue of different actuators having different response speeds. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the time matching module first filters the available actuators based on the remaining available time, and then determines the pre-regulation level and target actuator based on the predicted voltage drop.

[0169] 1. Actuator settling time calibration

[0170] The stabilization time of the electronic expansion valve is determined by recording the time from the start of the drive pulse output to the valve position reaching 90% of the target pre-increase opening degree; the stabilization time of the fan is determined by recording the time from the change of the target speed to the actual speed reaching 90% of the target pre-increase speed; the stabilization time of the compressor is determined by recording the time from the start of the pre-increase control output to the input current reaching 90% of the pre-increase target value.

[0171] In one specific embodiment, the stabilization time of the electronic expansion valve is 70ms, the stabilization time of the fan is 140ms, and the stabilization time of the compressor is 180ms. In different models, the stabilization time of the electronic expansion valve can range from 40ms to 120ms, the stabilization time of the fan can range from 80ms to 250ms, and the stabilization time of the compressor can range from 120ms to 350ms.

[0172] The stabilization time is stored in partitions according to actuator type, initial state, and target change. For example, the stabilization time corresponds to 10 steps and 30 steps for an electronic expansion valve; the stabilization time also corresponds to the fan speed increasing from low speed to medium speed and from stop to medium speed. The time matching module reads the corresponding stabilization time based on the current state and the selected pre-adjustment amount.

[0173] 2. Optional actuator set

[0174] The set of optional actuators is determined by the following formula: In the formula, A set of optional executors; For the first One candidate actuator; For the first The settling time required for each candidate actuator to reach the pre-adjusted state; This represents the remaining available time.

[0175] Only candidate actuators with a settling time less than the remaining available time can be included in the selectable actuator set. If the settling time of an actuator is equal to or greater than the remaining available time, the actuator will not be selected even if the predicted voltage drop reaches the corresponding pre-regulation level, in order to avoid the pre-regulation action not being completed after the original control action has taken effect.

[0176] 3. Pre-adjustment level classification

[0177] For a water heater with a rated voltage of 220V, in one embodiment, the first drop threshold is set to 2V, the second drop threshold is set to 4V, and the third drop threshold is set to 7V. Each threshold can be calibrated based on the allowable deviation of the power supply voltage, the rated input power of the equipment, and the field line impedance.

[0178] When the predicted voltage drop is less than the first drop threshold, no pre-regulation is performed, and only the prediction result is saved. When the predicted voltage drop is greater than or equal to the first drop threshold and less than the second drop threshold, the electronic expansion valve is preferentially selected for low-level pre-regulation. When the predicted voltage drop is greater than or equal to the second drop threshold and less than the third drop threshold, the electronic expansion valve and the fan are selected from the set of available actuators for medium-level pre-regulation. When the predicted voltage drop is greater than or equal to the third drop threshold, the electronic expansion valve, the fan, and the compressor are selected for high-level pre-regulation, provided that the safety protection conditions and time matching conditions are met.

[0179] The above-described hierarchical relationship is a preferred implementation. For models with higher fan power or slower electronic expansion valve response, the order in which each actuator is engaged can be adjusted based on the calibration results, but the target actuator must meet the constraint that its settling time is less than its remaining available time.

[0180] 4. Electronic expansion valve pre-adjustment

[0181] The pre-adjustment of the electronic expansion valve is used to establish refrigerant flow conditions in advance that are adapted to the subsequent heating load, so that the compressor does not have to undergo a large valve position change when it officially increases its frequency.

[0182] For low-level pre-adjustment, the electronic expansion valve pre-increases by 5 to 10 steps; for medium-level pre-adjustment, it pre-increases by 10 to 20 steps; and for high-level pre-adjustment, it pre-increases by 20 to 30 steps. The pre-increased opening must not exceed the upper limit of the allowable opening determined by the outdoor unit controller under the current exhaust temperature, intake superheat, and high pressure conditions.

[0183] If the current opening of the electronic expansion valve is already close to the upper limit of the allowable opening, the actual pre-increase opening shall be the smaller of the target pre-increase opening and the remaining available opening. When the suction superheat is below the safety lower limit or there is a risk of liquid return, the pre-increase of the electronic expansion valve opening shall be prohibited.

[0184] 5. Fan pre-adjustment

[0185] Pre-regulation of the fan is used to improve heat exchange conditions in advance and to distribute the fan speed changes required for the original control actions across the prediction time window and the normal control phase. For medium-level pre-regulation, the fan pre-increase speed can be set to 100 r / min to 250 r / min; for high-level pre-regulation, it can be set to 200 r / min to 400 r / min.

[0186] The target speed of the fan after pre-adjustment must not exceed 90% of the rated maximum speed. In this embodiment, 90% is used as the fan pre-adjustment limit coefficient, and its allowable value range is 80% to 95%. When the ambient temperature, coil temperature, or operating noise limits do not allow the fan speed to be increased, the time matching module removes the fan from the set of selectable actuators.

[0187] 6. Compressor pre-adjustment and current ramp-up limit

[0188] The compressor only participates in pre-regulation when the predicted voltage drop reaches a high level, the remaining available time is greater than the compressor's settling time, and there are no protection conditions. Compressor pre-regulation does not immediately increase the frequency to the target frequency corresponding to the original control action; instead, it pre-increases the input current or operating frequency with a limited slope before the original control action occurs, thus dispersing subsequent total power changes over a longer time period.

[0189] The compressor pre-regulation current ramp-up rate meets the following requirements:

[0190] ;

[0191] In the formula, Pre-regulate the compressor current ramp-up rate; Pre-boost current to the compressor; Remaining available time; This represents the upper limit of the allowable current ramp-up rate for the power supply line.

[0192] For one embodiment with a 220V single-phase power supply and a rated input power of 12kW. The rated current is 5A / s; it can be calibrated within the range of 3A / s to 10A / s based on the power supply line impedance. When the remaining available time is 240ms, the compressor pre-rise current does not exceed 1.2A.

[0193] The compressor pre-adjustment frequency should also be constrained by the minimum operating frequency, allowable frequency ramp-up rate, exhaust temperature, and high-pressure protection value. The pre-adjustment frequency can be increased by 1Hz to 5Hz based on the current frequency, but must not exceed 30% of the original control action prediction target frequency. In this embodiment, 30% is taken as the upper limit of the compressor pre-adjustment ratio, which can be selected within the range of 20% to 40%.

[0194] With the current ramp-up rate limit mentioned above, the compressor will not generate a new current surge due to the anticipation of a large load. Instead, it will distribute some of the input power changes in advance and smoothly within the predicted time window.

[0195] 7. Pre-adjusted safety limits

[0196] Before outputting the pre-adjustment command, the control arbitration interface checks the following conditions: the power supply voltage is higher than the safety lower limit; the compressor is not in an overcurrent or overheating state; the exhaust temperature is lower than the protection threshold; both the high and low pressure of the system are within the allowable range; the electronic expansion valve does not have a step loss fault; and the fan does not have a stall fault.

[0197] If any condition is not met, the pre-adjustment of the corresponding actuator is cancelled. If only one actuator fails to meet the condition, the other actuators that meet the condition can be retained, without requiring all pre-adjustment actions to be cancelled simultaneously.

[0198] (v) Step S5: Pre-adjustment output, abnormal cancellation and smooth switching

[0199] like Figure 6 As shown, after the target actuator and pre-adjustment amount are determined, the pre-adjustment output module outputs a pre-adjustment command through the control arbitration interface. The output time of the pre-adjustment command should be earlier than [previous value]. Figure 3 The time F in the figure is earlier than the time when the outdoor controller causes the corresponding actuator to respond according to the original operating instructions.

[0200] For electronic expansion valves, the pre-adjustment command is superimposed on the current normal opening as an additional opening degree; for fans, the pre-adjustment command is superimposed on the current target speed as an additional speed; for compressors, the pre-adjustment command is output as an additional frequency or additional current limited by the current ramp-up rate.

[0201] After the pre-adjustment command is output, the cancellation and switching module continues to monitor the parsing status of the original communication link and the outdoor unit controller. The pre-adjustment command that has not yet been taken over by the original control action will be cancelled if any of the following occurs: the verification result of the operation command changes from valid to invalid; the wired controller issues a withdrawal command before the original control action takes effect; subsequent operation commands from the same wired controller change the initial operation intent; subsequent operations from different wired controllers reduce the total predicted input power increment to below the first drop threshold; the outdoor unit controller refuses to execute the original operation command; or the system enters a safety protection state.

[0202] When canceling the pre-adjustment, instantaneous zeroing is not used. For electronic expansion valves, recovery is carried out at a rate of 1 to 3 steps per control cycle; for fans, recovery is carried out at a rate of 20 to 50 r / min per control cycle; for compressors, the pre-rise state is exited at a rate not higher than the normal frequency reduction rate to avoid new fluctuations caused by the cancellation action itself.

[0203] When the original control action of the outdoor unit controller is in effect, the control fusion unit smoothly switches the target actuator from the pre-adjustment state to the normal control state. The actual control quantity is determined according to the following formula: In the formula, For the first The target actuator is in the first The actual control quantity for each control cycle; For the outdoor unit controller in the first The normal control quantity output in each control cycle; For the first Pre-adjustment amount of each target actuator; For the first Transition coefficient for each control cycle; This is for controlling the cycle number.

[0204] The transition coefficient is determined according to the following formula:

[0205] ;

[0206] In the formula, For the first Transition coefficient for each control cycle; This is the control cycle number that starts counting after the original control action takes effect; The number of cycles for smooth switching.

[0207] The smooth switching cycle number can be set from 5 to 20; in this implementation, 10 is used. When the control cycle is 20ms, the pre-adjustment amount decays to 0 within 200ms. The transition coefficient gradually decreases from 1 to 0, allowing the normal control amount of the outdoor unit to gradually take over the actuator, avoiding over-adjustment caused by the simultaneous existence of the pre-adjustment amount and the normal control amount.

[0208] Figure 6 The document also illustrates the scenario where subsequent commands override each other. When the same wired controller first issues a command to increase the set temperature, and then issues a command to decrease the set temperature before the original control action takes effect, the cancellation and switching module recalculates the operational intent and predicts the input power increment based on the latter command. If the latter command cancels out the former command, pre-regulation is exited; if the latter command only reduces the load increment, the pre-regulation level and pre-regulation amount are updated.

[0209] IX. Experimental Platform and Verification Methods

[0210] (I) Experimental Objective

[0211] This experiment was conducted to verify the impact of the present invention on predicted voltage drop, maximum actual voltage drop, peak input current, power supply voltage recovery time, and actuator over-regulation under various operating conditions, including single-wire controller rapid heating, multi-wire controller centralized operation, total demand exceeding the capacity of the water heater, and operation commands being withdrawn or overridden. Furthermore, different comparative scales were used to verify the synergistic effect between the following technical features:

[0212] 1. Bypass acquisition operation commands without blocking the original communication link;

[0213] 2. Identify mutually exclusive operation intentions based on key press duration, interval between adjacent keys, change in set value, and command type;

[0214] 3. Determine the predicted input power increment based on the operational intent and current operating status;

[0215] 4. Perform capacity-constrained aggregation of the predicted input power increments of multiple controllers by wire;

[0216] 5. Select the target actuator based on the remaining available time and the actuator settling time;

[0217] 6. Apply a current ramp-up rate limit to the compressor pre-current;

[0218] 7. Cancel the pre-adjustment when the operation command fails, is withdrawn, or is overwritten, and smoothly exit the pre-adjustment state after the original control action takes effect.

[0219] (ii) Test subjects

[0220] The test subject was a variable frequency air source heat pump water heater, whose main parameters are as follows:

[0221] Rated power supply voltage: 220V;

[0222] • Power supply frequency: 50Hz;

[0223] • Rated heating capacity: 28kW;

[0224] Rated input power: 8.5kW;

[0225] • Maximum permissible input power: 12kW;

[0226] • Compressor operating frequency range: 20Hz to 90Hz;

[0227] • Electronic expansion valve opening range: 0 steps to 480 steps;

[0228] • Fan speed range: 0 r / min to 1,000 r / min;

[0229] • Effective water tank volume: 300L;

[0230] • Circulating water flow rate: 1.2 m³ / h;

[0231] • Communication bus: RS-485 bus;

[0232] • Number of wired controllers: 3.

[0233] The water heater was placed in an adjustable temperature environment test chamber, with the ambient temperature maintained at 5.0℃±0.5℃ and the initial inlet water temperature maintained at 25.0℃±0.3℃. Before each test, the water heater was allowed to run stably for at least 5 minutes, and the compressor frequency was restored to 35Hz±1Hz, the electronic expansion valve opening was restored to 180 steps±3 steps, and the fan speed was restored to 650r / min±20r / min.

[0234] (iii) Power supply line equipment

[0235] A programmable AC power supply with a rated capacity of not less than 20kVA is used to power the water heater, and the no-load output voltage of the AC power supply is set to 220V. An adjustable line impedance device is connected in series between the AC power supply and the water heater to facilitate weak power grid environments with long lines, small wire diameters, or multiple devices sharing the power supply line.

[0236] The equivalent series resistance of the line was set to 0.42Ω, and the equivalent inductance of the line was set to 0.35mH. Before the test, the equivalent influence coefficient of the power supply line was calibrated by different step power, and the calibration data are shown in Table 1.

[0237] Table 1. Calibration data of equivalent influence coefficient of power supply lines

[0238]

[0239] The equivalent influence coefficient of the power supply line is determined according to the following formula:

[0240] ;

[0241] In the formula, The equivalent influence coefficient of the power supply line; To determine the number of test groups, 5 was used in this experiment; For the first Voltage drop during group calibration test; For the first The input power increment of the group calibration test.

[0242] Based on the calibration data in Table 1, the equivalent influence coefficient of the power supply line is taken as 2.05V / kW. This value falls within the aforementioned calibrable range of 0.3V / kW to 2.5V / kW, representing test conditions with relatively high line impedance.

[0243] 4. Measuring device and sampling parameters

[0244] A power analyzer is installed at the power input terminal of the water heater to collect power supply voltage, input current, active power, and power factor. The voltage and current sampling frequency is set to 10kHz, with voltage measurement error not exceeding ±0.2% and current measurement error not exceeding ±0.5%.

[0245] A communication analyzer is set up on the RS-485 bus to record the wire controller operation commands, source address, command sequence number, command verification result, and message timestamp. The timestamp resolution is 100μs.

[0246] The compressor frequency, compressor input current, electronic expansion valve opening, fan speed, exhaust temperature, intake superheat, and high-pressure side pressure are collected through the data recording interface of the outdoor unit controller at a recording period of 10ms.

[0247] Each operating condition was repeated 30 times. Tests were conducted in a randomized order to minimize the impact of water heater temperature drift and test sequence on the results. There was a minimum 3-minute interval between consecutive tests, and the next test began only after the main operating parameters had returned to their initial allowable range.

[0248] 5. Evaluation Indicators

[0249] The maximum voltage drop is determined by the following formula: In the formula, This represents the maximum voltage drop. This is the average power supply voltage within 500ms before the operation command enters the communication bus; The lowest power supply voltage measured within 2 seconds after the operation command enters the communication bus.

[0250] The peak input current is the maximum input current measured within 2 seconds after the operation command enters the communication bus.

[0251] Voltage recovery time refers to the time elapsed from the start of the operation command entering the communication bus until the power supply voltage returns to within ±2% of the average voltage before operation and remains within that range for no less than 200ms.

[0252] The pressure fluctuation on the high-pressure side is determined by the following formula: In the formula, This refers to the pressure fluctuation on the high-pressure side. The maximum high-pressure side pressure within 2 seconds after the operation command enters the communication bus; This is the average pressure on the high-pressure side within 500ms before the operation command enters the communication bus.

[0253] The input power overshoot is determined by the following formula: In the formula, This refers to the input power overshoot. The maximum input power within 2 seconds after the operation command enters the communication bus; This refers to the input power when the water heater enters a stable operating state after executing the corresponding operation command.

[0254] The voltage drop reduction rate relative to Comparative Example 1 is determined by the following formula:

[0255] ;

[0256] In the formula, Voltage sag reduction rate; This represents the maximum voltage drop in Comparative Example 1; This represents the maximum voltage drop in the corresponding embodiment.

[0257] (iv) Setting of Implementation Examples and Comparative Examples

[0258] 1. Example

[0259] The embodiments adopt the complete technical solution of the present invention, including bypass acquisition, operation intention recognition, input power increment prediction, capacity constraint aggregation, predicted voltage drop calculation, remaining available time calculation, actuator stabilization time matching, current ramp-up rate limitation, abnormal cancellation and smooth switching.

[0260] The following parameters were used in the experiment:

[0261] • First drop threshold: 2V;

[0262] Second drop threshold: 4V;

[0263] • Third drop threshold: 7V;

[0264] • Aggregated window: 60ms;

[0265] • Maximum recognition waiting ratio: 0.25;

[0266] • Maximum recognition wait time: 80ms;

[0267] • Interpolation stability coefficient: 0.01;

[0268] • Maximum current ramp-up rate of compressor: 5A / s;

[0269] • Number of smooth switching cycles: 10;

[0270] • Control cycle: 20ms;

[0271] • Electronic expansion valve settling time: 72ms;

[0272] • Fan settling time: 143ms;

[0273] • Compressor settling time: 176ms.

[0274] 2. Comparative Example 1: Conventional Original Control Scheme

[0275] Comparative Example 1 disables the load impact prediction controller, retaining only the original control logic of the water heater. After fully receiving and parsing the operation command, the outdoor unit controller adjusts the compressor frequency, electronic expansion valve opening, and fan speed according to the target water temperature and current operating parameters. This solution does not perform pre-adjustment before the original control actions take effect.

[0276] 3. Comparative Example 2: Load Change Response Scheme After Command Parsing

[0277] Comparative Example 2, after the outdoor unit controller completes the parsing of the operation command, determines the load change level based on the changes in the target setpoints before and after the operation, and adjusts the compressor, electronic expansion valve, and fan accordingly. This scheme can implement hierarchical control based on load changes, but it does not extract the duration of key presses and the interval between adjacent key presses, does not perform pre-adjustment during communication and parsing delays, and does not select target actuators based on actuator settling time.

[0278] 4. Comparative Example 3: Fixed Pre-adjustment Scheme

[0279] Comparative Example 3, upon detecting an operation command to increase heating demand, directly executes fixed pre-adjustments: electronic expansion valve pre-increases by 20 steps, fan pre-increases by 300 r / min, and compressor frequency pre-increases by 3 Hz. This scheme does not distinguish specific operational intentions, does not aggregate multi-wire controller capacity constraints, does not select actuators based on remaining available time and actuator stabilization time, does not limit compressor current ramp-up rate, and does not set up a quick cancellation mechanism for withdrawn or overridden commands.

[0280] Comparative Example 3 is used to verify whether simply setting "adjustment in advance" is sufficient to obtain the overall technical effect of the present invention.

[0281] (V) Example 1: Rapid heating test of single-wire controller

[0282] At the start of the test, the water heater's input power was 5.8kW, and the target water temperature was 45℃. The first wired controller increased the target water temperature from 45℃ to 50℃ within 300ms. This 5℃ change in the set value reached the rapid heating judgment threshold, therefore the feature and intent recognition module identified this operation as rapid heating.

[0283] Based on the input power increment calibration table and the current operating status, the predicted input power increment for rapid heating operation is 2.4kW. The predicted voltage drop is: In the formula, The value is used to predict voltage drop; 2.05V / kW is the equivalent influence coefficient of the power supply line obtained from this test calibration; 2.4kW is the predicted input power increment corresponding to rapid heating operation.

[0284] The predicted voltage drop is between the second and third drop thresholds. In this embodiment, an electronic expansion valve and a fan are selected for pre-adjustment. The electronic expansion valve is pre-increased by 15 steps, the fan is pre-increased by 220 r / min, and the compressor is not pre-increased.

[0285] Table 2 Results of rapid heating test using a single-wire controller

[0286]

[0287] According to Table 2, Example 1 reduces the maximum voltage drop by approximately 49.1%, the peak input current by approximately 13.1%, and the voltage recovery time by approximately 39.1% compared to Comparative Example 1. While Comparative Example 3 can reduce voltage drop through fixed pre-regulation, its high-voltage side pressure fluctuation and input power over-regulation are both greater than those of Example 1, indicating that pre-raising the compressor at low load impact levels can easily lead to over-regulation. This invention selects the electronic expansion valve and fan based on the predicted voltage drop level, avoiding unnecessary compressor pre-raising.

[0288] like Figure 7 The figures show the power supply voltage variations over time for Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, and 1. The horizontal axis represents the moment the operation command enters the communication bus (time 0), and the vertical axis represents the power supply voltage. The lowest voltage point in Example 1 is higher than in the other comparative examples, and the time required to recover to a stable range is shorter.

[0289] (vi) Example 2: Centralized operation test of two wired controllers

[0290] The first wired controller issues a rapid heating command, corresponding to a predicted input power increment of 2.4kW; 45ms later, the second wired controller issues three consecutive upward adjustment operations in the same direction within 1 second, with the interval between adjacent buttons being less than 250ms, which is recognized as continuous rapid pressing, corresponding to a predicted input power increment of 1.6kW.

[0291] The two operation commands are located within a 60ms aggregation window, with a total predicted input power increment of 4kW. The current input power of the water heater is 5.8kW, the maximum allowed input power is 12kW, and the allowed increase in input power is 6.2kW. Therefore, the aggregation result does not trigger the capacity limit.

[0292] The predicted voltage drop is: In the formula, 2.05V / kW is the predicted voltage drop; 2.05V / kW is the equivalent influence coefficient of the power supply line; 4.0kW is the total predicted input power increment corresponding to the two line controllers.

[0293] The predicted voltage drop exceeds the third drop threshold, triggering a higher level of pre-regulation. After time matching, the settling times of the electronic expansion valve, fan, and compressor are all less than the remaining available time; therefore, all three are identified as target actuators. The electronic expansion valve pre-increases by 25 steps, the fan by 320 r / min, and the compressor by 0.9 A.

[0294] Given a remaining available time of ms, the compressor pre-regulation current ramp-up rate is approximately 4.39 A / s, which is less than the upper limit of 5 A / s, so execution is permitted.

[0295] Table 3 Results of the centralized operation test of the two wired controllers

[0296]

[0297] Example 2 reduces the maximum voltage drop by approximately 59.8%, the peak input current by approximately 19.1%, and the voltage recovery time by 50.0% compared to Comparative Example 1. Comparative Example 2 only begins to respond after the outdoor unit interprets the operation command, thus still not fully utilizing the communication transmission and interpretation phases. Comparative Example 3 uses fixed pre-regulation, which can reduce voltage drop, but the input power overshoot and high-voltage side pressure fluctuation are significantly greater than in Example 2.

[0298] (vii) Example 3: Operation of three wire controllers and capacity-constrained aggregation test

[0299] The first wired controller issues a start-up and rapid heating command, corresponding to a predicted input power increment of 3.0kW; the second wired controller issues a rapid heating command, corresponding to a predicted input power increment of 1.8kW; the third wired controller issues a continuous rapid press command, corresponding to a predicted input power increment of 1.1kW. The sum of the three predicted input power increments is 5.9kW.

[0300] The water heater currently has an input power of 7kW, with a maximum allowable input power of 12kW, and the maximum allowable increase in input power is 5kW. Therefore, the total predicted input power increment, after capacity constraints, is taken as 5kW, not 5.9kW.

[0301] The predicted voltage drop is: In the formula, 2.05V / kW is the predicted voltage drop; 2.05V / kW is the equivalent influence coefficient of the power supply line; 5.0kW is the total predicted input power increment after capacity constraints.

[0302] Example 3 controls the electronic expansion valve to pre-increase by 28 steps, the fan to pre-increase by 360 r / min, and controls the compressor to pre-increase at a current ramp-up rate not exceeding 5 A / s. Comparative Example 3 does not impose capacity constraints and still outputs a fixed pre-adjustment based on the direct superposition of the three operation commands.

[0303] Table 4. Results of the operation and capacity constraint aggregation test of the three wire controllers.

[0304]

[0305] The maximum voltage drop of Comparative Example 3 is slightly smaller than that of Example 3, but its high-pressure side pressure fluctuation reaches 0.63 MPa and its input power overshoot reaches 0.94 kW. This indicates that it obtains a smaller instantaneous voltage drop by over-pre-adjusting, which can easily cause overshoot in refrigerant flow, system pressure and input power.

[0306] Example 3 limits the total predicted input power increment to 5kW by capacity constraint, which reduces the maximum voltage drop by about 62.5% compared to Comparative Example 1. At the same time, it controls the high-voltage side pressure fluctuation and input power overshoot to 0.26MPa and 0.21kW, respectively, to achieve a balance between voltage drop suppression and system stability.

[0307] like Figure 8 As shown, the maximum voltage drop, peak input current, and voltage recovery time are represented in Tables 2 to 4, respectively.

[0308] (viii) Example 4: Actuator time matching test

[0309] This embodiment verifies the effect of actuator stabilization time matching by changing the communication resolution delay to give different remaining available time in different test rounds.

[0310] Table 5. Actuator selection results under different remaining available times.

[0311]

[0312] Comparative Example 3, without considering the remaining available time, outputs fixed pre-adjustment commands for the electronic expansion valve, fan, and compressor in groups A through D. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0313] Table 6. Results of actuator time matching test

[0314]

[0315] The data in Table 6 were obtained by repeating each of the four remaining available time conditions 30 times, for a total of 120 tests. The results show that in the fixed pre-adjustment scheme, when the remaining available time is short, the pre-adjustment action is prone to overlap with the original control action; the present invention selects only actuators with a settling time shorter than the remaining available time, which can avoid the incomplete pre-adjustment and the original control action acting on the same actuator at the same time.

[0316] (ix) Example 5: Operation command withdrawal and coverage test

[0317] This embodiment sets the following three types of abnormal operations:

[0318] 1. After the wired controller issues a command to increase the set temperature, it will adjust the set temperature back to its original value before the original control action takes effect;

[0319] 2. After the wired controller issues a rapid heating command, it issues a cancel rapid heating command before the original control action takes effect;

[0320] 3. Inject load-increase operation messages with incorrect verification fields into the communication bus.

[0321] Each type of abnormal operation was tested 10 times, for a total of 30 times. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 did not undergo pre-conditioning, so their pre-conditioning reversal capability was not evaluated; Comparative Example 3 was compared with Example 5, and the results are shown in Table 7.

[0322] Table 7 Results of Operation Command Withdrawal and Coverage Tests

[0323]

[0324] The unnecessary pre-adjustment duration refers to the time during which the actuator retains additional control variables after the abnormal operation command has been withdrawn, overwritten, or determined to be invalid.

[0325] The results show that Comparative Example 3 cannot cancel the fixed pre-adjustment according to the operation command status, causing the electronic expansion valve, fan, and compressor to continue to perform actions inconsistent with the user's final operation intention. Example 5, by continuously monitoring the original communication link, completes the cancellation in about 46ms, and uses a gradual recovery method to control the maximum valve position residual of the electronic expansion valve within 3 steps.

[0326] (x) Comprehensive Results Analysis

[0327] The maximum voltage drop and the rate of reduction relative to Comparative Example 1 for each major load impact test are summarized in Table 8.

[0328] Table 8. Comprehensive Comparison of Maximum Voltage Drop

[0329]

[0330] From Tables 2 to 8, we can obtain:

[0331] First, compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, which only perform control after the operation command is parsed, the present invention utilizes the time between the operation command entering the communication bus and the original control action generating the actuator response to complete the operation intention recognition and pre-adjustment in advance, which can reduce the maximum voltage drop, peak input current and voltage recovery time.

[0332] Second, compared with Comparative Example 3, which uses fixed pre-regulation, this invention adapts the pre-regulation amount to the actual possible load increments and the physical response capability of the actuators through operation intention recognition, capacity constraint aggregation, and actuator time matching. In the centralized operation of the three wire controllers, although Comparative Example 3 achieved a slightly smaller voltage drop, it generated greater high-voltage side pressure fluctuations and input power overshoot, indicating that "advance regulation" itself cannot replace the capacity constraint and time matching mechanism of this invention.

[0333] Third, the compressor current ramp-up rate limit constrains the compressor pre-rise process by the power supply line conditions, thus preventing the pre-adjustment action from generating new current surges.

[0334] Fourth, when an operation command is withdrawn, overwritten, or fails to be verified, the present invention can promptly cancel the pre-adjustment and restore the normal control state through a gradually decaying transition coefficient, thereby reducing the additional energy consumption and actuator fluctuations caused by invalid operation commands.

[0335] Fifth, the more wired controllers there are and the more centralized the operation, the greater the voltage drop of conventional control schemes. However, the improvement effect produced by the present invention through aggregation prediction and hierarchical pre-adjustment is more obvious, indicating that the present invention is particularly suitable for application scenarios where multiple wired controllers share the same outdoor unit of a hot water heater and where the power supply line impedance is large.

[0336] The foregoing description of embodiments of the present invention, through which those skilled in the art are able to implement or use the present invention, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novelty disclosed herein.

[0337] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0338] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0339] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0340] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0341] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0342] Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, like read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0343] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

Claims

1. A method for predicting load impact on a water heater based on operation command feature recognition, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Bypass the acquisition of operation commands without blocking the original communication link between the wired controller and the outdoor unit controller, and determine the prediction time window based on the calibrated signal transmission delay, command parsing delay and actuator response delay. S2. Extract the key duration, adjacent key interval, set value change and instruction type within the predicted time window, verify the validity of the operation instruction, and identify the valid operation instruction as a mutually exclusive operation intention according to the preset priority. S3. Based on the operation intention and the current operating status of the water heater, determine the predicted input power increment corresponding to each valid operation instruction, perform capacity constraint aggregation on the predicted input power increments from multiple wired controllers in the aggregation window, obtain the total predicted input power increment, and determine the remaining available time; S4. Determine the predicted voltage drop based on the total predicted input power increment, match the remaining available time with the settling time of the candidate actuators, select the target actuator that can complete the pre-adjustment within the remaining available time, and determine the pre-adjustment amount of the target actuator. The pre-adjustment amount of the compressor is limited by the current ramp-up rate. S5. Before the outdoor unit controller executes the original control action corresponding to the operation instruction, output a pre-adjustment instruction; when the operation instruction fails to be verified, is withdrawn, or is overwritten by a subsequent operation instruction, cancel the pre-adjustment instruction, and smoothly switch the target actuator from the pre-adjustment state to the normal control state after the original control action takes effect.

2. The method for predicting load impact on a hot water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the prediction time window is calibrated by recording the time when the operation command enters the communication bus, the time when the outdoor controller completes command parsing, and the time when the actuator generates a response, and is determined according to the following formula: In the formula, To predict the time window; The calibrated transmission delay for the transmission of operation commands from the wired controller to the outdoor unit controller; The calibration and parsing delay is used to determine the outdoor unit controller's reception, verification, and parsing of operation commands. The calibrated response delay from the generation of the original control action to the corresponding actuator's response; Each calibration delay is determined using the preset low quantile value of multiple sets of calibration data from the same model. And / or, in step S2, the validity of the operation instruction is first determined based on the frame verification result, the instruction source address, and the instruction sequence relationship. Then, the instruction is judged in order of priority: start / stop switching, rapid heating, continuous fast pressing, and normal adjustment. Among them, when the change in the set value reaches the set value change threshold, it is identified as rapid heating; when the interval between adjacent buttons is less than the interval threshold, it is identified as continuous fast pressing; and a valid operation instruction that does not meet the prior operation intention judgment condition is identified as normal adjustment, so that a valid operation instruction corresponds to only one operation intention.

3. The method for predicting load impact on a hot water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, an input power increment calibration table is established with the operation intention, ambient temperature, inlet water temperature, outlet water temperature, compressor current frequency, and electronic expansion valve current opening as indexes. The calibration value in the input power increment calibration table is the difference between the input power after executing the corresponding operation command under the same operating state and the input power before executing the corresponding operation command. Interpolation is performed based on the adjacent calibration nodes corresponding to the current operating state to obtain the predicted input power increment.

4. The method for predicting load impact on a hot water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the duration of the aggregation window is shorter than the prediction time window; under the condition that the current input power of the water heater is less than the upper limit of the allowable input power, the total predicted input power increment is determined according to the following formula: ； In the formula, This represents the total predicted input power increment. For the first in the aggregation window Predicted input power increment corresponding to each valid operating instruction; The number of valid operation commands within the aggregation window; This refers to the maximum allowable input power for the water heater. This represents the current input power of the water heater. The predicted voltage drop is determined according to the following formula: ； In the formula, To predict voltage drop; The equivalent influence coefficient of the power grid is calibrated based on the impedance of the power supply line of the water heater and historical operating data; This represents the total predicted input power increment.

5. The method for predicting load impact on a hot water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The remaining available time in step S3 is determined by the following formula: ； In the formula, Remaining available time; To predict the time window; The time required to complete the acquisition of operation instructions, validity verification, and aggregation of multiple instructions; The time required to complete the identification of operational intent and the prediction of load shocks; Allow sufficient time for pre-adjustment command output and transmission; The target actuator in step S4 is determined from the following set of optional actuators: ； In the formula, A set of optional executors; For the first One candidate executor; For the first The settling time required for each candidate actuator to reach the pre-adjusted state; The remaining available time; the candidate actuators include an electronic expansion valve, a compressor, and a fan; Preferably, in step S4, the predicted voltage drop is compared with a first drop threshold, a second drop threshold, and a third drop threshold, respectively. At least one of the electronic expansion valve, a fan, and a compressor is selected as the target actuator from the set of selectable actuators, and the pre-increase opening degree of the electronic expansion valve, the pre-increase speed of the fan, and the pre-increase current of the compressor are determined respectively. When the target actuator includes a compressor, the pre-regulation current ramp-up rate of the compressor satisfies: ； In the formula, The pre-regulation current ramp-up rate of the compressor; This is the pre-amplitude current of the compressor; Remaining available time; This is the upper limit of the current ramp-up rate determined based on the allowable voltage fluctuation range of the power supply line.

6. The method for predicting load impact on a hot water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, after the pre-adjustment command is output, the original communication link continues to be monitored; when the frame verification of the operation command fails, the same wire controller issues a withdrawal command, or a subsequent operation command changes the prior operation intent, the pre-adjustment command that has not yet been taken over by the original control action is revoked; after the original control action takes effect, the target actuator is smoothly switched to the normal control state according to the following formula: ； In the formula, For the first The target actuator is in the first The actual control quantity for each control cycle; For the outdoor unit controller in the first Normal control quantities generated in each control cycle; For the first Pre-adjustment amount of each target actuator; The transition coefficient gradually decreases from 1 to 0; This is for controlling the cycle number.

7. A water heater load impact prediction system based on operation command feature recognition, characterized in that, The system is used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising: The bypass command acquisition module is connected in parallel with the communication bus between the wired controller and the outdoor unit controller, and is used to acquire operation commands without blocking the original communication link. The response delay calibration module is used to store the calibration results of signal transmission delay, instruction parsing delay and actuator response delay, and to determine the prediction time window; The feature and intent recognition module is used to extract the key duration, adjacent key interval, set value change and instruction type of operation commands, verify the validity of operation commands, and identify valid operation commands as mutually exclusive operation intents. The load impact prediction module is used to determine the predicted input power increment based on the operation intention and the current operating status of the water heater, aggregate the predicted input power increments corresponding to multiple wired controllers with capacity constraints, and determine the predicted voltage drop. The time matching module is used to determine the remaining available time and select the target executor based on the settling time of the candidate executors; The pre-adjustment output module is used to determine the pre-adjustment amount of the target actuator and output a pre-adjustment command to the target actuator before the outdoor controller executes the original control action; The cancellation and switching module is used to cancel the pre-adjustment command when the operation command verification fails, is withdrawn, or is overwritten by the subsequent operation command, and smoothly switch the target actuator to the normal control state after the original control action takes effect.

8. The water heater load impact prediction system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bypass command acquisition module includes a bus transceiver, a high-impedance receiving circuit, a timestamp counter, and a command latch. The bus transceiver is connected in parallel with a CAN bus or an RS-485 bus through the high-impedance receiving circuit. The timestamp counter is used to record the moment when the operation command enters the communication bus. The command latch is used to save the operation command and its source address without changing the original communication message. And / or, the response delay calibration module includes a transmission delay storage unit, a parsing delay storage unit, and an actuator response delay storage unit; the feature and intent recognition module includes a key timing unit, an interval timing unit, a difference comparison unit, an instruction verification unit, and a priority judgment unit, wherein the priority judgment unit is used to output a unique operation intent according to the priority of start / stop switching, rapid heating, continuous fast pressing, and normal adjustment; And / or, the load impact prediction module includes an input power increment calibration table, an operating status index unit, an increment aggregation unit, and a voltage drop prediction unit; the time matching module includes a remaining time calculation unit, an actuator stabilization time storage unit, and an actuator screening unit, wherein the actuator screening unit only identifies electronic expansion valves, compressors, and fans with stabilization times less than the remaining available time as selectable actuators; And / or, the pre-adjustment output module includes a graded comparison unit, a current ramp-up limiting unit, and output channels respectively connected to the electronic expansion valve, the compressor, and the fan; the cancellation and switching module includes an instruction status monitoring unit, a pre-adjustment cancellation unit, and a control quantity fusion unit, wherein the control quantity fusion unit is used to reduce the pre-adjustment quantity to 0 according to a gradually decreasing transition coefficient after the original control action takes effect.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The method includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images