A method for evaluating highway slope repair based on sediment equivalent transmission and ecological stoichiometry coupling

Abstract

The application discloses a highway slope repair evaluation method based on sediment equivalent transmission and ecological stoichiometry coupling, comprising: obtaining the ground vegetation coverage of the repaired slope and the natural reference slope, and determining the above-ground subsystem recovery degree; synchronously collecting sediment samples in the slope foot drainage ditch of the repaired slope and the natural reference slope; measuring the enzyme activity and microbial biomass index in each sediment sample to determine the absolute quantity recovery degree; determining the double-enzyme ecological balance index according to the enzyme activity index; constructing a multi-dimensional volume coupling coordination degree model to calculate the ecological restoration coupling coordination degree of the repaired slope; constructing a current age monitoring vector and a benchmark period monitoring vector, and determining the evolution direction coordination degree according to the included angle cosine value of the two vectors. The application solves the problems of sampling difficulty, the inability to fully reflect the soil micro-ecological recovery condition and the difficulty in capturing the internal synergy of the ecological system in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration and environmental monitoring technology in highway engineering, specifically to an evaluation method for highway slope restoration based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and ecochemical quantification. Background Technology

[0002] The extensive exposure of slopes resulting from highway construction typically employs engineering and biological restoration measures such as hydroseeding and vegetation bags for ecological restoration. Accurate evaluation of the restoration effect is crucial for guiding maintenance and secondary control. Currently, the evaluation of slope restoration effectiveness faces the following main technical challenges: Firstly, existing assessments largely rely on vegetation cover (VCR) or plant diversity obtained from remote sensing calculations or quadrat surveys, failing to fully reflect the restoration status of soil microecology, which determines the long-term stability of ecosystems.

[0003] In the initial stages of hydroseeding or the early stages of ecological restoration construction and acceptance, there is often a phenomenon of applying large amounts of fast-acting fertilizers to quickly "green" the surface. However, because the soil aggregate structure has not yet formed, the microbial community has not been established, and the nutrient cycling function has not been restored, this is a typical fragile and false state of "only looking at green but not living," which cannot withstand the test of drought and extreme rainfall events. Relying solely on VCR (Voice-Conduct-Related Activity) evaluation is prone to misjudgment—the VCR may reach an excellent level in the early stages of hydroseeding, but the soil biological activity is extremely low, and the ecosystem is unstable. This can also easily lead to missing the best opportunity to adjust the soil quality, and it also hinders the quantitative adjustment and calculation of the component distribution ratios of the ecological restoration substrate during the artificial maintenance period of highway slope ecological restoration.

[0004] Secondly, the steep slopes of highways after their opening make it impossible for maintenance personnel to climb to the middle of the slope for in-situ sampling, making soil sample acquisition a bottleneck in the evaluation process. Although some schemes have attempted to use sediment deposited at the toe of the slope as an equivalent substitute for in-situ soil samples, the following bottlenecks have remained unresolved for a long time: runoff erosion has a strong physical sorting effect, preferentially transporting fine particles (clay, silt), and extracellular enzymes adsorbed on fine particles are subsequently enriched, resulting in naturally higher enzyme activity in the sediment. Direct use of this sediment could lead to systematic evaluation errors.

[0005] Existing methods attempt to correct for sorting effects through particle size correction and rainfall intensity correction, but these involve a large number of nonlinear parameters that cannot be linearized, making them difficult to implement accurately in practice. Furthermore, highway shoulder soil is severely polluted by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from exhaust fumes; using these as blanks for subtraction would introduce significant systematic errors.

[0006] The attempt to reverse-engineer the correction using soil and water conservation models (such as the USLE topographic factor) will result in serious distortions because the erosion mechanism of steep rock slopes on highways (often reaching 1:1 or even 1:0.75 or steeper) is completely different from that of natural agricultural slopes (mainly surface erosion, which can be simplified as a continuous body with a certain thickness). Applying empirical formulas for hydraulic erosion of gentle loess slopes will also lead to serious distortions.

[0007] Thirdly, existing evaluation models are mostly linear weighted, making it difficult to capture the inherent synergy of ecosystems.

[0008] Traditional comprehensive evaluation models often use a linear weighted form, F = a × VCR + b × E. Even with the introduction of soil enzyme activity indicators, this model cannot effectively identify the problem of disconnect between aboveground and belowground restoration—when vegetation cover has a high VCR and low enzyme activity, the linear weighted score may still be passable, but the true ecological state is fragile.

[0009] Furthermore, existing assessments often employ linear weighted models of vegetation cover (VCR) and soil enzyme activity. While applying large amounts of quick-acting fertilizer in the initial stages of hydroseeding can rapidly promote surface greening, the soil carbon and nitrogen cycle microecology is not established. Traditional linear weighting masks the disconnect between aboveground vegetation and underground microecology, failing to accurately identify fragile "pseudo-restoration." Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and ecochemical stoichiometry. This method greatly solves the problem of failure in physical sorting and correction of sediment sampling, accurately identifies false recovery of carbon and nitrogen metabolism imbalances, and achieves nonlinear and dynamic evaluation of restoration effects, while ensuring that on-site operations on steep highway slopes do not require climbing and are extremely simple to operate.

[0011] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An evaluation method for highway slope restoration based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and ecochemical stoichiometry includes the following steps: The ground vegetation cover of the restored slope and the natural reference slope are obtained respectively, and the ground subsystem recovery degree is determined according to the ratio of the ground vegetation cover of the restored slope to the ground vegetation cover of the natural reference slope; wherein, the restored slope and the natural reference slope are located in the same hydrological connectivity unit; After a rainfall event stops and the water in the slope toe drainage ditch recedes, sediment samples are collected simultaneously from the slope toe drainage ditch of the repaired slope and the slope toe drainage ditch of the natural reference slope. Enzyme activity and microbial biomass in sediment samples from the restored slope and the natural reference slope were measured respectively. The absolute degree of recovery was determined based on the comparison of enzyme activity and microbial biomass between the restored slope and the natural reference slope. The dual-enzyme ecological balance index is determined based on the enzyme activity indicators of the restored slope and the natural reference slope, respectively. The aboveground subsystem recovery degree, the absolute recovery degree, and the dual-enzyme ecological balance index are used as three subsystems to construct a multidimensional capacity coupling coordination degree model, and the ecological restoration coupling coordination degree of the restored slope is calculated. The ecological restoration coupling coordination degree is used to evaluate the current ecological restoration effect of the restored slope. A monitoring vector for the current age is constructed using the absolute recovery rate, the dual-enzyme ecological balance index, and the recovery rate of the aboveground subsystem as components. A monitoring vector for the baseline period is constructed using the absolute recovery rate, the dual-enzyme ecological balance index, and the recovery rate of the aboveground subsystem as components. The evolution direction coordination degree is determined based on the cosine of the angle between the current age monitoring vector and the baseline period monitoring vector. The ecological restoration coupling coordination degree and the evolution direction coordination degree are used together to evaluate the dynamic trend of the ecological restoration effect of the restored slope.

[0012] Preferably, the method for obtaining the vegetation coverage on the restored slope is as follows: acquiring an orthophoto of the restored slope using a drone, and calculating the vegetation coverage by segmenting the orthophoto of the restored slope into vegetation pixels. The method for obtaining the vegetation coverage on the natural reference slope is as follows: the orthophoto of the natural reference slope is obtained by using a drone, and the vegetation coverage is calculated by segmenting the orthophoto of the natural reference slope into vegetation pixels. The vegetation pixel segmentation is achieved using the super green vegetation index and maximum entropy algorithm.

[0013] Preferably, the sediment samples collected simultaneously in the drainage ditch at the toe of the repaired slope and the drainage ditch at the toe of the natural reference slope are taken at a depth of 0-2 cm from the surface layer.

[0014] Preferably, the enzyme activity indicators include sucrase activity and urease activity, the microbial biomass indicators include microbial biomass carbon content, and the absolute recovery rate U1 is calculated according to the following formula:

[0015]

[0016] in, To restore the sucrase activity in sediment samples from slopes, Sucrase activity in sediment samples from natural reference slopes. To restore urease activity in sediment samples from slopes, Urease activity in sediment samples from natural reference slopes. To restore the microbial biomass carbon content in sediment samples from slopes, The carbon content of microbial biomass in sediment samples from natural reference slopes.

[0017] Preferably, when the calculated value of the absolute quantity restoring degree is greater than 1, the absolute quantity restoring degree is truncated to 1.

[0018] Preferably, the dual-enzyme ecological balance index U2 is calculated according to the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] R C:N,修复坡 = / R C:N,参照坡 = /

[0021] in, It is an exponential function with the natural constant e as its base.

[0022] Preferably, the method for calculating the ecological restoration coupling coordination degree is as follows: The coupling degree is calculated based on the absolute recovery degree, the dual-enzyme ecological balance index, and the recovery degree of the aboveground subsystem; The comprehensive recovery degree of the underground micro-ecology is calculated based on the absolute recovery degree and the dual-enzyme ecological balance index. A comprehensive coordination index is calculated based on the overall restoration degree of the underground micro-ecology and the restoration degree of the above-ground subsystem; The ecological restoration coupling coordination degree is calculated based on the coupling degree and the comprehensive coordination index.

[0023] Preferably, the formula for calculating the coupling degree C is:

[0024]

[0025] The comprehensive restoration degree of underground micro-ecology U sub The calculation formula is:

[0026]

[0027] The formula for calculating the comprehensive coordination index T is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] The formula for calculating the ecological restoration coupling coordination degree D is:

[0030]

[0031] U3 represents the recoverability of the aboveground subsystem.

[0032] Preferably, the evolution direction coordination degree S is calculated according to the following formula:

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] in, This is the monitoring vector for the current age. U is the monitoring vector for the baseline period. 1t U represents the absolute recovery rate for the current age. 2t U represents the dual-enzyme ecological balance index for the current age. 3t U represents the recovery rate of the aboveground subsystems at the current age. 10 U represents the absolute recovery rate over a preset baseline period. 20 U is the dual-enzyme ecological balance index for the preset baseline period. 30 The recovery rate of the above-ground subsystem is the preset baseline period.

[0036] This solution also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and ecochemical metric.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention is the first to introduce the normalized microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil enzyme ecostometry theory into the field of slope restoration evaluation. By introducing microbial biomass carbon (MBC) as a benchmark for living microorganisms, a microbial metabolic quotient (i.e., specific enzyme activity per unit biomass) is constructed. This physically offsets the interference of sediment particle size sorting and topographic transport attenuation from a biological perspective, and can truly reflect the physiological metabolic recovery level of the micro-ecological community. At the same time, ecostometry theory is introduced to construct a dual-enzyme ecological balance index through the ratio of sucrase (carbon cycle) and urease (nitrogen cycle). This upgrades the traditional absolute quantity summation to a nonlinear coupling of absolute quantity + ecostometry balance, accurately identifying pseudo-recovery in areas with high vegetation, low micro-ecology, and carbon-nitrogen imbalance.

[0038] 2. This invention completely eliminates the misuse of empirical formulas for soil and water conservation on steep rock slopes. Through a dual correction mechanism of isotopic hydrological offsetting and MBC biological normalization, it addresses the evaluation distortion caused by sediment sorting at its source. Specifically, the isotopic hydrological offsetting correction mechanism utilizes the consistency of the scouring and sorting mechanism within the same hydrological connectivity unit and the same rainfall event to physically offset the systematic enrichment bias of enzyme activity caused by preferential transport of fine particles at the sampling source. The MBC biological normalization correction mechanism introduces microbial biomass carbon as a living microbial benchmark, offsetting the interference of sediment particle size sorting and topographic transport attenuation from a biological perspective. The synergistic effect of the dual correction mechanisms enables this invention to accurately obtain enzyme activity data reflecting the true level of microecological restoration on the slope without relying on any empirical formulas.

[0039] 3. The field operation of this invention only requires one drone flight and two scoops of sediment to measure three indicators (two enzymes and one carbon). The entire process does not require climbing steep slopes or complex on-site pretreatment. Specifically: the drone acquires orthophotos, replacing traditional manual quadrat surveys and completely eliminating the safety hazards of working on steep slopes; the sediment deposited in the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope is used as an equivalent substitute for in-situ soil samples, eliminating the need to climb to the middle of the slope for in-situ sampling; the collected sediment samples do not require complex on-site pretreatment and can be directly taken back to the laboratory for routine soil enzyme activity and MBC determination.

[0040] 4. This invention overcomes the shortcomings of traditional linear weighted models, which allow extremely high values ​​of one indicator to mask extremely low values ​​of another. Instead, it employs a geometric mean cascade model to severely penalize weaknesses—in extreme cases, the initial application of large amounts of fertilizer to the topsoil leads to an imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio, resulting in a decrease in the overall recovery rate of the underground micro-ecology, U, regardless of the initial surface cover. sub Both the overall coordination index T and the overall coordination index T will decrease exponentially, significantly lowering the final ecological restoration coupling coordination degree D. This calculation method eliminates subjective interference from manually setting weights and relies entirely on mathematical mapping to reflect the inherent synergistic constraints of the ecosystem.

[0041] 5. This invention determines dynamic trends by using the cosine of the angle between evolution vectors, overcoming the subjectivity of static thresholds. The S-value, by capturing the angle between system vectors, can provide early warnings of false recovery or latent degradation, enabling the evaluation results to not only answer whether things are good today, but also predict whether things will deteriorate tomorrow, providing forward-looking guidance for engineering maintenance decisions. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Appendix Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and ecochemical quantification, as proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0045] Furthermore, in describing representative embodiments, the specification may have presented methods and / or processes as a specific sequence of steps. However, the method or process should not be limited to the specific order of steps described herein, to the extent that it does not depend on such a specific order. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, other sequences of steps are also possible. Therefore, the specific order of steps set forth in the specification should not be construed as a limitation on the embodiments. Moreover, the method and / or process should not be limited to the steps performed in the written order; those skilled in the art will readily understand that these orders can be varied and still remain within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0046] This specific embodiment provides a highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and ecochemical stoichiometry, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: Step S1) Obtain the aboveground vegetation cover (VCR) of the restored slope and the natural reference slope. The vegetation cover ratio (VCR) refers to the percentage of vegetation pixels to the total number of pixels in the slope area. The aboveground subsystem restoration degree is determined based on the ratio of the aboveground vegetation cover of the restored slope to that of the natural reference slope. The restored slope and the natural reference slope are located within the same hydrological connectivity unit, and the natural reference slope is a slope that has not been disturbed by highway construction and has stable vegetation.

[0047] Among them, the same hydrological connectivity unit refers to an area with a common water catchment direction and runoff path. Within this area, the slope runoff generated by the same rainfall event flows into the same drainage system through the same catchment path, so as to ensure that the scouring and sorting process of sediment deposited in the drainage ditches at the toe of the repaired slope and the natural reference slope is consistent in the same rainfall event.

[0048] Specifically, the method for obtaining vegetation cover on the restored slope is as follows: orthophotos of the restored slope are acquired using a drone, and the vegetation cover is calculated after segmenting the orthophotos of the restored slope into vegetation pixels. The method for obtaining vegetation cover on the natural reference slope is also as follows: orthophotos of the natural reference slope are acquired using a drone, and the vegetation cover is calculated after segmenting the orthophotos of the natural reference slope into vegetation pixels.

[0049] Among them, vegetation pixel segmentation is achieved using the Super Green Vegetation Index (ExG) and the maximum entropy algorithm.

[0050] The Excess Green Index (ExG) is a vegetation index based on the visible light band, proposed by Woebbecke et al. in 1995. Its calculation formula is ExG = 2G - R - B, where R, G, and B are the digital quantization values ​​of image pixels in the red, green, and blue bands, respectively. This index enhances the weight of the green channel by assigning different coefficients to the three RGB channels, thereby separating vegetation (green) from soil and background (non-green) pixels. It is widely recognized as a reliable indicator for identifying green vegetation and is extensively used for vegetation cover extraction based on UAV visible light imagery.

[0051] The Maximum Entropy Method (MEM), also known as the maximum entropy thresholding method or Kapur entropy method, is a classic thresholding segmentation method in image processing. This algorithm is based on the maximum entropy principle in information theory—selecting the threshold that maximizes the sum of the information entropy of the foreground and background in the segmented image as the optimal segmentation threshold. In remote sensing image segmentation, the MEM method is widely used to determine the optimal segmentation threshold, and numerous studies have applied it to vegetation cover extraction based on vegetation indices.

[0052] Specifically, the vegetation cover VCR on the slope will be restored. 修复坡 VCR of vegetation cover on adjacent undisturbed natural reference slope 参照坡 The ratio is defined as the resilience U3 of the aboveground subsystem: U3 = VCR 修复坡 / VCR 参照坡 This step utilizes orthophotos acquired by drones and combines the Supergreen Vegetation Index (SVI) with the maximum entropy algorithm for vegetation pixel segmentation, achieving rapid, accurate, and safe extraction of ground vegetation cover. Compared to traditional quadrat survey methods, drone remote sensing eliminates the need for manual climbing of steep slopes, thus removing safety hazards associated with on-site operations. Compared to vegetation index calculations relying solely on remote sensing imagery, the introduction of the maximum entropy algorithm for adaptive threshold segmentation avoids the subjectivity of manually setting thresholds, improving the accuracy and repeatability of vegetation cover calculations. Furthermore, by introducing a natural reference slope and defining U3 using a ratio, image differences caused by external factors such as weather, sunlight, and season are eliminated, ensuring comparability of evaluation results from different times and locations.

[0053] Step S2) After a rainfall event stops and the water in the slope toe drainage ditch recedes, sediment samples are collected simultaneously in the slope toe drainage ditch of the repaired slope and the slope toe drainage ditch of the natural reference slope.

[0054] Specifically, the rainfall event in this scheme refers to runoff-producing rainfall. When the runoff from a runoff-producing rainfall event ceases and there is no significant water accumulation in the drainage ditch at the toe of the slope, sediment samples are simultaneously collected from both the drainage ditch at the toe of the repaired slope and the drainage ditch at the toe of the natural reference slope. The sediment samples are collected at a depth of 0-2 cm from the surface layer. This utilizes the consistency of the scouring and sorting mechanism of the same rainfall event on the same hydrological unit to physically offset the systematic enrichment bias of enzyme activity caused by the preferential transport of fine particles at the source.

[0055] Runoff refers to the process by which rainfall, after deducting losses such as interception by vegetation on roadside slopes, infiltration, filling depressions, and evaporation, becomes net rain and generates surface runoff. "Runoff volume" is the portion of rainfall that forms runoff.

[0056] Runoff-generating rainfall refers to rainfall events whose intensity or total amount exceeds the soil's infiltration capacity, resulting in significant surface runoff on the monitored slope and causing water flow and sediment deposition in the drainage ditches at the slope's base. In the context of this scheme, it specifically refers to rainfall events that generate significant surface runoff and transport slope sediment (and adsorbed microorganisms, enzymes, etc.) to the slope's base for deposition. In simpler terms: the rain must be "heavy enough" and "long enough"—heavy enough that not all rainwater can be absorbed by the soil or intercepted by vegetation; some must flow down the slope, "washing" soil particles to the slope's base. Only such rainfall can provide "sedimentary sediment samples" rich in slope information.

[0057] This plan specifically refers to the "Technical Specification for Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring" (SL / T 2772024), but does not provide a unified rainfall threshold for "runoff-generating rainfall". The core principle of the specification is that any runoff is a monitoring event that needs to be recorded and sampled.

[0058] However, based on existing soil and water conservation monitoring practices and research literature, the following empirical reference thresholds can be provided (not mandatory standards): For example: the standard rainfall for erosive rainfall in the loess plateau gully area is 10 mm / time. For example, the standard rainfall for erosive rainfall on the Loess Plateau slope is 12 mm / time. For example: the standard rainfall for erosive rainfall in karst yellow soil areas is 13.8 mm / time. For example, the standard for erosive rainfall per rainfall event in the Poyang Lake basin is 14.0 mm / event. Typically, "runoff-generating rainfall" can be quantified as a single rainfall event of ≥10 mm (a conservative threshold applicable to most soil types) – when there are no maintenance personnel monitoring the site in a timely manner.

[0059] A more precise description is "a rainfall event in which the intensity or total amount of rainfall exceeds the soil's infiltration capacity, and maintenance personnel conduct real-time visual monitoring of the site, resulting in significant surface runoff on the monitored slope surface"—the latter uses "runoff facts" as the criterion, does not rely on fixed figures, and is more universal and scientific.

[0060] Specifically, a runoff-producing rainfall event refers to any rainfall event that can generate significant runoff. The cessation of runoff from a single rainfall event refers to the moment when surface runoff in the slope and toe drainage ditches essentially disappears. This means: ① the runoff process on the slope ends; ② the water level in the toe drainage ditches drops significantly, with no obvious water accumulation or flow.

[0061] After a runoff-producing rainfall ceases, it refers to a brief and specific period of time following the cessation of runoff.

[0062] It is important to note that "the rain has stopped" ≠ "runoff has stopped".

[0063] After rainfall ends, muddy water often continues to flow on slopes and in ditches for a period of time—this is called the "receding process." Even after the rain stops, it may take several hours for all the water on the slope to flow to the foot of the slope, and for the water flow in the drainage ditches to essentially cease. The true "cessation of runoff" occurs only when the receding process is largely complete, with only a few trickles remaining or completely still in the drainage ditches, and the sediment at the foot of the slope is no longer disturbed by the water flow.

[0064] The following methods can be used on-site to determine whether runoff has stopped: Visual inspection: Go to the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope to observe the water flow. The water in the ditch is obviously clearer, the flow rate is extremely slow or basically still, and there is a clear layer of silt and sand at the bottom of the ditch.

[0065] Water level observation: Observe the water depth in the collection channel / drainage ditch. The water level dropped significantly and there were no obvious flow ripples.

[0066] Based on experience, the estimated time for water to recede after rainfall is generally 4-8 hours after heavy rain; in rare cases, it can take 8-12 hours or even longer after torrential rain.

[0067] The operation should be carried out in accordance with the water and soil conservation monitoring standards, and observations should be conducted immediately after the precipitation ends and runoff ceases.

[0068] Specifically, the optimal time window for collecting sediment samples is: taking into account both soil and water conservation monitoring standards and microbial activity, the optimal sampling time window is: within 0-6 hours after runoff stops.

[0069] The runoff has just stopped for 0 hours. The sediments at the foot of the slope are fresh and moist, and the microbial activity is closest to that in situ, making it the best time to start sampling.

[0070] Six hours after runoff stops, sediments begin to dehydrate, and the microbial community remains stable, making it the optimal time for sampling.

[0071] 24 hours after the runoff stops, the sediment dries out significantly, and microorganisms may begin to die or enter dormancy, at which point sampling ceases.

[0072] If more than 24 hours have passed, the sediment will dry out, microbial activity will change significantly, and enzymes may degrade, so sampling is not recommended.

[0073] Existing standards explicitly require that observations be conducted immediately after precipitation ends and runoff ceases. This is because once sediments begin to dry, the structure of the attached microbial community and enzyme activity change significantly, no longer representing the in-situ state of the slope.

[0074] Specifically, the operational requirements for sampling sediment samples at the foot of the slope are as follows: Sampling timing Confirming the cessation of runoff: After visually inspecting the drainage ditch at the foot of the slope to ensure that the water flow becomes clear and basically still, immediately organize sampling.

[0075] Time window: Sampling should be completed within 0-6 hours after runoff stops, the earlier the better.

[0076] Synchronous sampling: The repair slope and the reference slope must be sampled simultaneously and using the same method.

[0077] Sampling tools Use clean sampling tools: stainless steel spoons, plastic shovels, sterile sampling spoons, etc.

[0078] Avoid using metal tools (especially alloys containing heavy metals) that may contaminate the sample.

[0079] Prepare sterile, sealed sampling bags.

[0080] Sampling methods: Step 1: Select sampling points Select the area with the highest concentration of fresh sediment in the drainage ditch or sediment trap at the foot of the slope.

[0081] Avoid locations that are directly eroded by road runoff.

[0082] Step 2: Remove surface interference. Gently scrape away any impurities that may have been mixed into the surface of the sediment (such as fallen leaves, gravel, road residue, etc.).

[0083] Note: This does not refer to scraping away the 1cm "old sediment layer", but rather to removing obvious physical impurities.

[0084] Step 3: Collect fresh sediment layer Collect the freshest sediment from the top 0-2cm layer.

[0085] Avoid disturbing the lower layer of old sediments—the lower layer consists of sediments from historical rainfall, and the enzyme activity has undergone varying degrees of degradation, so it cannot represent the slope condition of this rainfall.

[0086] Collect 3-5 duplicate samples at each sampling point, and mix them together to form a representative sample.

[0087] Sample preservation The collected sediment samples were quickly placed into sterile, sealed sampling bags.

[0088] Store immediately in a portable refrigerator (4±2℃).

[0089] Transport it to the laboratory for processing and testing as soon as possible (preferably within 24 hours).

[0090] The fundamental purpose and scientific value of this plan in emphasizing sampling "after the cessation of primary runoff and precipitation" lies in: 1. Physical offsetting of sorting effects: By using "iso-site hydrology" (the same rainfall washing over the same hydrological unit), it is ensured that the sediment on the repair slope and the reference slope undergoes the exact same physical sorting process. This is the physical basis and prerequisite for eliminating sorting bias in subsequent calculations without the need for any topographic correction formulas.

[0091] 2. Ensuring microbiological activity: The sediment collected within this time window, with its attached microbial community structure and enzyme activity, best represents the in-situ state of the slope. This is the biological basis for measuring and evaluating enzyme activity.

[0092] 3. Ensure data comparability: Strictly follow this sampling standard to ensure that samples collected at different times and locations are comparable.

[0093] 4. Complies with industry standards: The sampling method follows the basic principles of "runoff and sediment monitoring" in the "Technical Specification for Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring" (SL / T 2772024).

[0094] In summary, this step solves the long-standing problem of correcting sediment sorting effects by utilizing the principle of isotopic hydrological offsetting. Existing methods attempt to correct sorting effects through particle size correction, rainfall intensity correction, or back-calculation using soil and water conservation models, but these methods are inaccurate due to the involvement of numerous nonlinear parameters or mismatched physical mechanisms. This method leverages the consistency of the scour sorting mechanism within the same hydrological connectivity unit and the same rainfall event to achieve physical offsetting from the sampling source, eliminating the need for any empirical formula correction and greatly mitigating the risk of misusing topographic factor formulas such as RUSLE on steep rock slopes.

[0095] Step S3) Normalization of sediment equivalent enzyme activity based on microbial metabolic quotient: The enzyme activity index and microbial biomass index in sediment samples from the restored slope and the natural reference slope were measured respectively. The absolute recovery rate was determined based on the comparison results of enzyme activity index and microbial biomass index between the restored slope and the natural reference slope.

[0096] Among them, enzyme activity indicators include sucrase activity and urease activity, and microbial biomass indicators are microbial biomass carbon content.

[0097] Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) refers to the total carbon content within all living microbial cells in soil or sediment, and is an important indicator of the quantity and activity of soil microorganisms. It is determined using the chloroform fumigation-potassium sulfate extraction method. This method kills soil microorganisms and releases their cell contents through chloroform fumigation, followed by extraction with potassium sulfate solution. The carbon content in the extract is measured, and the MBC content is calculated by multiplying the difference in carbon content between fumigated and non-fumigated samples by a conversion factor.

[0098] Microbial metabolic quotient (MQ) refers to the specific enzyme activity per unit of microbial biomass carbon, i.e., the ratio of enzyme activity to microbial biomass carbon content. This indicator eliminates the influence of sediment particle size sorting and topographic transport attenuation on the absolute value of enzyme activity from a biological perspective, and can truly reflect the physiological metabolic recovery level of the microbial community.

[0099] Sucrase: A hydrolytic enzyme involved in soil carbon cycling, catalyzing the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose. Its activity reflects the soil's organic carbon conversion capacity. The activity was determined using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method, with units expressed as milligrams of glucose produced per gram of dry weight of sediment per day (mg glucose / (g dry soil·d)). The principle of the assay is as follows: sucrose is used as a substrate and incubated at a constant temperature of 37℃ for 24 hours. Colorimetric analysis is performed using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid reagent, and the absorbance is measured at a wavelength of 508 nm. Sucrase activity is calculated based on the glucose standard curve.

[0100] Urease: A hydrolytic enzyme involved in the soil nitrogen cycle, catalyzing the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. Its activity reflects the soil's organic nitrogen mineralization capacity. It was determined using the sodium phenolate-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method, with units expressed as milligrams of ammonia nitrogen (mg NH4) produced per gram of dry weight of sediment per day. + -N / (g dry soil·d)). The principle of the determination is as follows: using urea as a substrate, the mixture is incubated at a constant temperature of 37℃ for 24 hours, and color development is performed using sodium phenolate and sodium hypochlorite reagents. The absorbance is measured at a wavelength of 578nm, and the urease activity is calculated based on the ammonia nitrogen standard curve.

[0101] Specifically, the absolute recovery rate U1 is calculated using the geometric mean method:

[0102]

[0103] in, To restore the sucrase activity in sediment samples from slopes, Sucrase activity in sediment samples from natural reference slopes. To restore urease activity in sediment samples from slopes, Urease activity in sediment samples from natural reference slopes. To restore the microbial biomass carbon content in sediment samples from slopes, The carbon content of microbial biomass in sediment samples from natural reference slopes.

[0104] When the calculated value of the absolute recovery is greater than 1, the absolute recovery is truncated to 1.

[0105] The geometric mean is a method for calculating the nth root of the product of multiple values. Unlike the arithmetic mean (which allows for complementary highs and lows), the geometric mean is highly sensitive to extreme lows in any single indicator. In the assessment of ecosystem multifunctionality, the carbon cycle (sucrase) and nitrogen cycle (urease) are parallel critical processes, exhibiting a "weakest link" effect; the loss of any function can lead to system collapse. The geometric mean can impose a severe numerical penalty for situations where "one parallel indicator is extremely high and the other is extremely low."

[0106] Because differences in slope length and gradient lead to varying sediment transport attenuation rates from the slope surface to the toe, the topographic factor in the classic Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in soil and water conservation is suitable for natural loess slopes (primarily characterized by hydraulic runoff erosion, deep and uniform natural soil, and slopes within 55°). However, it is not applicable to the scenario of topsoil on steep rock slopes along highways (including a large portion of topsoil that collapses due to gravity after wetting, a thin layer of only 12cm, a non-natural weak interface between the topsoil and the rock face, and slopes commonly 70° or even steeper). Considering the physical sorting effect of runoff erosion leading to the natural enrichment of fine particles and attached microorganisms at the toe, directly using absolute enzyme activity of sediment will still produce a positive bias. Therefore, this scheme abandons the topographic formula for soil and water conservation that is not suitable for steep rock slopes, and introduces microbial biomass carbon (MBC) as a benchmark for living microorganisms to construct a "microbial metabolic quotient" (i.e., enzyme specific activity per unit biomass). This ratio, by fundamentally offsetting the interference of sediment particle size sorting and topographic transport attenuation from a biological and physical perspective, can truly reflect the physiological metabolic recovery level of the micro-ecological community.

[0107] This step, by introducing MBC to construct a microbial metabolic quotient, achieves physical cancellation of sediment particle size sorting and topographic transport attenuation from a biological level, which is a further deepening of the isotopic hydrological cancellation in step S2). The combination of the two correction mechanisms—isotopic cancellation at the hydrological level and metabolic quotient normalization at the biological level—constitutes a dual physical correction mechanism, completely solving the systematic distortion problem in the evaluation of sediment enzyme activity.

[0108] Step S4) Determine the dual-enzyme ecological balance index based on the enzyme activity indicators of the repaired slope and the natural reference slope.

[0109] The ratio of sucrase (carbon cycle) to urease (nitrogen cycle) reflects the response strategies of microbial communities to carbon and nitrogen nutrient limitation. Healthy soils exhibit relatively stable ecostoichiometry.

[0110] The ratio of sucrase activity to urease activity in slope repair is denoted as R. C:N,修复坡 = / The ratio of sucrase activity to urease activity on the natural reference slope is denoted as R. C:N,参照坡 = / .

[0111] The dual-enzyme ecological balance index U2 is calculated according to the following formula:

[0112]

[0113] Where exp is an exponential function with the natural constant e as its base. The closer the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the repaired slope is to the natural reference slope, the closer U2 is to 1; the more severe the disconnection, the closer U2 is to 0.

[0114] This step incorporates ecological stoichiometry theory to evaluate the quality of microecological restoration from a qualitative synergistic perspective. Traditional methods focus only on the absolute amount of enzyme activity, failing to identify whether carbon and nitrogen metabolism are coordinated. For example, in the early stages of hydroseeding, the construction team may apply excessive urea nitrogen fertilizer to accelerate herbaceous greening, resulting in excessively high nitrogen levels in the soil. To balance their carbon needs, microorganisms frantically secrete sucrase, competing for carbon, leading to high absolute values ​​of both sucrase and urease, but the ratio R actually deviates drastically from the natural state. This step, through the dual-enzyme balance index, can sensitively detect this false restoration where quantity meets standards but quality is imbalanced, avoiding misjudgments caused by simple addition (e.g., 0.5 × sucrase + 0.5 × urease).

[0115] Step S5) The aboveground subsystem recovery degree, absolute recovery degree and dual-enzyme ecological balance index are used as three subsystems to construct a multidimensional capacity coupling coordination degree model, and the ecological restoration coupling coordination degree of the restored slope is calculated. The ecological restoration coupling coordination degree is used to evaluate the current ecological restoration effect of the restored slope.

[0116] U1 is the absolute recovery rate, which is the geometric mean recovery rate of sucrase and urease after normalization of the equivalent enzyme activity of sediment based on the microbial metabolic quotient.

[0117] U2 is the dual-enzyme ecological balance index, representing the synergy of quality, that is, whether the carbon-nitrogen cycle ratio is normal and close to the natural recovery slope.

[0118] U3 is the ground subsystem recovery rate, a traditional and commonly used indicator that represents the visible recovery of the ground.

[0119] Specifically, the calculation method for the ecological restoration coupling coordination degree is as follows: The coupling degree C is calculated based on the absolute recovery degree U1, the dual-enzyme ecological balance index U2, and the recovery degree of the aboveground subsystem U3; The comprehensive recovery degree of underground microecology U1 was calculated based on the absolute recovery degree U1 and the dual-enzyme ecological balance index U2. sub ; According to the comprehensive restoration degree of underground micro-ecology U sub The comprehensive coordination index T is calculated in conjunction with the recovery degree U3 of the above-ground subsystem; The coupling coordination degree D of ecological restoration is calculated based on the coupling degree C and the comprehensive coordination index T.

[0120] The specific calculation formula is as follows: Coupling degree C:

[0121]

[0122] Underground micro-ecological comprehensive restoration degree U sub The geometric mean of absolute quantity and ecological balance is used, and the previous severe numerical penalty for the weakest link effect is applied:

[0123]

[0124] Comprehensive Coordination Index T:

[0125]

[0126] Ecological restoration coupling coordination degree D:

[0127]

[0128] Drawing on established grading standards in systems science and ecological assessment, and considering the geometric cascading approach to severely punishing weaknesses in this scheme, the D value is divided into four core intervals, as shown in Table 1, with the locations of true restoration clearly indicated: Table 1:

[0129]

[0130] Traditional linear addition and weighted averaging methods allow extremely high values ​​of one indicator to mask extremely low values ​​of another, leading to false recovery being misjudged as acceptable. This scheme constructs a multidimensional capacity coupling coordination model, achieving nonlinear synergistic evaluation of the above-ground and underground subsystems. Furthermore, the geometric mean cascade model in this scheme has a strict numerical penalty—in extreme cases, the initial application of large amounts of fertilizer to the topsoil leads to an imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio, regardless of the initial surface cover, U... sub Both the T and T values ​​decrease exponentially, significantly lowering the final ecological restoration coupling coordination degree D. This aligns with the mechanism explanation that early-stage revegetation is effective but short-lived, and with the evaluation of the true restoration effect of soil quality. This calculation method eliminates subjective interference from manually set weights, relying entirely on mathematical mapping to reflect the inherent synergistic constraints of the ecosystem. The calculated value of D strictly falls between 0 and 1.

[0131] Step S6) Construct a monitoring vector for the current age using the absolute recovery degree, the dual-enzyme ecological balance index, and the recovery degree of the aboveground subsystem as components. Construct a monitoring vector for the baseline period using the absolute recovery degree, the dual-enzyme ecological balance index, and the recovery degree of the aboveground subsystem as components. Determine the evolution direction coordination degree based on the cosine of the angle between the current age monitoring vector and the baseline period monitoring vector. The ecological restoration coupling coordination degree and the evolution direction coordination degree are used together to evaluate the dynamic change trend of the ecological restoration effect of the restored slope.

[0132] The current age-based monitoring vector is denoted as:

[0133]

[0134] The baseline monitoring vector is denoted as:

[0135]

[0136] Among them, U 1t U represents the absolute recovery rate for the current age. 2t U represents the dual-enzyme ecological balance index for the current age. 3t U represents the recovery rate of the aboveground subsystems at the current age. 10 U represents the absolute recovery rate over a preset baseline period. 20 U is the dual-enzyme ecological balance index for the preset baseline period. 30 The recovery rate of the above-ground subsystem is the preset baseline period.

[0137] The evolution direction coordination degree S is calculated according to the following formula:

[0138]

[0139] The preset baseline period is 30 days after the completion of the ecological restoration spraying construction on the repaired slope. Each component in the baseline period monitoring vector is determined according to the same measurement method and calculation steps as the current age.

[0140] Based on the combination of the comprehensive coordination index T, the current ecological restoration coupling coordination degree D, and the evolution direction synergy degree S, a threshold of no less than 0.7 is set as high, a threshold between 0.4 and 0.7 is set as medium, and a threshold no higher than 0.4 is set as low. After eliminating cases that are mathematically impossible, the diagnosis and correction strategy matrix for 21 real-world combinations is shown in Table 2. Table 2:

[0141]

[0142] Table 2 (continued)

[0143] Table 2 (continued)

[0144] This step uses the cosine of the angle between the evolution vectors to quantitatively determine the dynamic trend of slope ecological restoration. If only T and D are considered, engineers can only know "how good it is today," not "whether it will deteriorate tomorrow." The S value, by capturing the angle between the system vectors, can provide early warning of "false recovery" or "hidden degradation" six months to a year in advance, which is the key to this scheme's superiority over traditional static evaluation. A detailed diagnostic matrix with 21 combinations provides engineers with precise maintenance decision-making basis, covering various possible ecological states and their corresponding measures, from "no intervention required" to "immediate initiation of engineering reconstruction." When T is extremely low, the requirements for D naturally decrease, which aligns with ecological principles—in the early stages of ecological restoration, structural perfection should not be demanded; increasing the total amount T is the primary task. When T reaches a medium to high stage, the geometric cascade model automatically applies a strict "weakest link penalty," forcing the system towards true synergistic restoration.

[0145] The method of this solution will be described below through specific application scenarios: Example 1: A steep slope of a highway in Xincheng County, Laibin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (380-day winter age, benign transition period). Project Location: Xincheng, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, subtropical monsoon climate, winter. Natural reference slope angle: 30°; repair slope angle: 45°; outdoor temperature: 14℃.

[0146] VCR measured by drone aerial photography 参照坡 = 0.88.

[0147] =8.0 mg / (g·d), the number of milligrams of glucose produced by sucrase catalysis per gram of dry sediment per day, was determined by the standard method of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method.

[0148] = 6.5 mg / (g·d), the number of milligrams of ammonia nitrogen produced by urease catalysis per gram of dry weight of sediment per day, determined by the standard method of sodium phenolate-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method.

[0149] = 96.7 mg / kg, the total amount of carbon in all living microbial cells per gram of dry weight of sediment per day, determined using the standard method of chloroform fumigation-potassium sulfate extraction.

[0150] The baseline carbon-nitrogen ratio R was calculated. 参照坡 = 8.0 / 6.5 = 1.231.

[0151] Using the 30-day age of the repaired slope as the baseline period, the baseline period vector of the repaired slope is calculated. = (0.42, 0.81, 0.47).

[0152] Site background: A mixed sowing method was used, consisting of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and vines. 380 days passed after application, which was winter. The herbaceous plants withered and turned yellow during winter, while the shrubs flourished, and the soil had developed a granular structure.

[0153] Data collection: VCR 修复坡 =0.51 =5.1 mg / (g·d) =5.0 mg / (g·d) =81.6mg / kg Algorithm calculation:

[0154]

[0155]

[0156] U3 = 0.51 / 0.88 0.580 Coupling degree C = 0.980; Comprehensive Coordination Index ; Ecological restoration coupling coordination degree ; Calculate the coherence degree of evolution direction S:

[0157]

[0158] Evaluation Conclusion: The steep slopes in Xincheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (380-day winter age, benign transition period) are basically close to the TDS "high-high-high" range. Although the surface vegetation coverage is only 51%, indicating the winter herbaceous plants are withering, the underground microecology is highly coordinated and the evolution is stable. It is judged to be a truly high-quality and coordinated restoration. No intervention is needed; wait for natural recovery in spring.

[0159] Example 2: A steep slope of a highway in Tianyang District, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (145 days old in autumn, typical case of pseudo-repair caused by overuse of fast-acting fertilizer). Project Location: Tianyang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with a hot and dry valley climate, in autumn. The natural reference slope angle is 40°, the slope to be repaired has an angle of 65°, and the outdoor temperature is 27°C.

[0160] VCR measured by drone aerial photography 参照坡 = 0.73.

[0161] = 7.3 mg / (g·d), the number of milligrams of glucose produced by sucrase catalysis per gram of dry weight of sediment per day, determined by the standard method of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method.

[0162] =5.1 mg / (g·d), the number of milligrams of ammonia nitrogen produced by urease catalysis per gram of dry weight of sediment per day, was determined using the standard method of sodium phenolate-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method.

[0163] =87.7 mg / kg, the total amount of carbon in all living microbial cells in each gram of dry sediment per day, was determined using the standard method of chloroform fumigation-potassium sulfate extraction.

[0164] The baseline carbon-nitrogen ratio R was calculated. 参照坡 = 7.3 / 5.1 = 1.431.

[0165] Using the 25-day age of the restored slope as the baseline period, the baseline period vector of the restored slope is calculated. = (0.49, 0.71, 0.62).

[0166] Background: During the hydroseeding process and the first month of maintenance, the contractor added too much fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer. Monitoring at 145 days showed that the slope vegetation appeared to be good, but the actual results were polarized, with some herbaceous plants degenerating and turning yellow, and shrubs growing poorly (biomass far below expectations).

[0167] Data collection: VCR 修复坡 =0.61 =1.2 mg / (g·d) =11.7 mg / (g·d) =69.7mg / kg Algorithm calculation:

[0168]

[0169]

[0170] U3 = 0.61 / 0.73 0.836 Coupling degree C = 0.513 Comprehensive Coordination Index

[0171] Ecological restoration coupling coordination degree

[0172] Calculate the coherence degree of evolution direction S:

[0173]

[0174] Evaluation Conclusion: The steep slope in Tianyang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (145 days old in autumn, pseudo-recovery) is approaching the TDS "low-low-high" range. The algorithm accurately detected "carbon metabolism collapse masked by high urease levels." It is classified as mild imbalance / pseudo-recovery. The application of fast-acting chemical fertilizers must be stopped immediately, and organic carbon sources such as humic acid should be applied to rebuild the carbon-nitrogen balance.

[0175] Example 3: A steep slope of a highway in Xincheng County, Laibin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (515 days old in the following spring, during the full recovery period). Project Location: Xincheng, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, subtropical monsoon climate, spring. Natural reference slope angle 30°, repair slope angle 45°, outdoor temperature 23℃.

[0176] VCR measured by drone aerial photography 参照坡 = 0.96.

[0177] =12.2 mg / (g·d), the number of milligrams of glucose produced by sucrase catalysis per gram of dry weight of sediment per day, was determined by the standard method of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method.

[0178] =8.9 mg / (g·d), the number of milligrams of ammonia nitrogen produced by urease catalysis per gram of dry weight of sediment per day, was determined by the standard method of sodium phenolate-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method.

[0179] =143.7 mg / kg, the total amount of carbon in all living microbial cells in each gram of dry sediment per day, was determined using the standard method of chloroform fumigation-potassium sulfate extraction.

[0180] The baseline carbon-nitrogen ratio R was calculated. 参照坡 = 12.2 / 8.9 = 1.371.

[0181] Using the 30-day age of the restored slope as the baseline period, the baseline period vector of the restored slope is directly obtained. = (0.42, 0.81, 0.47).

[0182] Site background: Following Example 1, after continuous spring rains, the slope vegetation cover is good, the biomass of shrubs has increased significantly, new grasses have sprouted, vines have expanded, and deep root intertwining can be observed when the soil is dug in some areas.

[0183] Data collection: VCR 修复坡 =0.86 =9.9 mg / (g·d) =7.9 mg / (g·d) =131.2mg / kg Algorithm calculation:

[0184]

[0185]

[0186] U3 = 0.86 / 0.96 0.896 Coupling degree C = 0.999 Comprehensive Coordination Index

[0187] Ecological restoration coupling coordination degree

[0188] Calculate the coherence degree of evolution direction S:

[0189]

[0190] Evaluation conclusion: The steep slope in Xincheng, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (515 days old in the following spring, full true restoration period) fully meets the TDS "high-high-high" range. When the shrub biomass observed on the ground showed a significant and steady increase, it can also be judged that the soil improvement effect is good, the micro-ecology is fully activated, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio basically reaches the natural state of the region. It is judged to be a full true restoration that can autonomously cross the degradation threshold. The artificial maintenance and monitoring cycle can be gradually slowed down and transitioned to routine conservation.

[0191] In summary, this invention employs a dual physical correction mechanism—"isositu hydrological offsetting" and "MBC biological normalization"—to solve the long-standing technical problem of systematic enrichment distortion of enzyme activity in slope toe sediment from both the sampling source and the biological level, without requiring any empirical formula back-calculation. This achieves accurate and equivalent transfer of sediment to in-situ soil samples on the slope surface. At the evaluation model level, this invention abandons the shortcomings of traditional linear weighting, which allows a single high value to mask other shortcomings. Instead, it implements a strict shortcoming penalty through a geometric mean cascade model—when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is imbalanced due to the overuse of fast-acting fertilizers in the early stages of topsoil spraying, regardless of the vegetation cover, the D value is strongly reduced to a negative value. The system can accurately identify false restorations characterized by "high vegetation cover and low micro-ecological quality," which are easily missed by traditional methods. At the dynamic early warning level, it captures the deflection trend of system evolution by using the cosine S-value of the evolution vector angle, issuing warnings before static indicators show significant deterioration. This overcomes the fundamental limitation of traditional evaluation methods, which can only answer the current state but cannot determine the direction of evolution. At the on-site implementation level, the entire process requires no climbing of steep slopes; it only requires "flying a drone once, digging two scoops of mud and sand, and measuring three indicators," possessing extremely high engineering safety and applicability. It provides a safe, accurate, forward-looking, and extremely simple complete solution for evaluating the ecological restoration effect of steep highway slopes.

[0192] In addition, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and ecochemical metric.

[0193] In addition, the present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement some or all of the steps in the above-described method. This computer program product can be implemented specifically through hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In one optional embodiment, the computer program product is specifically embodied as a computer storage medium; in another optional embodiment, the computer program product is specifically embodied as a software product, such as a Software Development Kit (SDK), etc.

[0194] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of hardware embodiments, software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage and optical storage) containing computer-usable program code.

[0195] This invention is described with reference to schematic and / or block diagrams illustrating the implementation of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the schematic and / or block diagrams can be implemented by computer program instructions, and combinations of blocks in the schematic and / or block diagrams can be implemented. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the schematic and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 Devices that specify the functions in one or more boxes.

[0196] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including an instruction device, which is implemented in the implementation flow diagram. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0197] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0198] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and eco-stoichiometry, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The ground vegetation cover of the restored slope and the natural reference slope are obtained respectively. The degree of recovery of the aboveground subsystem is determined according to the ratio of the ground vegetation cover of the restored slope to the ground vegetation cover of the natural reference slope. The restored slope and the natural reference slope are located in the same hydrological connectivity unit. After a rainfall event stops and the water in the slope toe drainage ditch recedes, sediment samples are collected simultaneously from the slope toe drainage ditch of the repaired slope and the slope toe drainage ditch of the natural reference slope. Enzyme activity and microbial biomass in sediment samples from the restored slope and the natural reference slope were measured respectively. The absolute degree of recovery was determined based on the comparison of enzyme activity and microbial biomass between the restored slope and the natural reference slope. The dual-enzyme ecological balance index is determined based on the enzyme activity indicators of the restored slope and the natural reference slope, respectively. The aboveground subsystem recovery degree, the absolute recovery degree, and the dual-enzyme ecological balance index are used as three subsystems to construct a multidimensional capacity coupling coordination degree model, and the ecological restoration coupling coordination degree of the restored slope is calculated. The ecological restoration coupling coordination degree is used to evaluate the current ecological restoration effect of the restored slope. A monitoring vector for the current age is constructed using the absolute recovery rate, the dual-enzyme ecological balance index, and the recovery rate of the aboveground subsystem as components. A monitoring vector for the baseline period is constructed using the absolute recovery rate, the dual-enzyme ecological balance index, and the recovery rate of the aboveground subsystem as components. The evolution direction coordination degree is determined based on the cosine of the angle between the current age monitoring vector and the baseline period monitoring vector. The ecological restoration coupling coordination degree and the evolution direction coordination degree are used together to evaluate the dynamic trend of the ecological restoration effect of the restored slope.

2. The highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and eco-chemical stoichiometry as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the vegetation coverage on the restored slope is as follows: the orthophoto of the restored slope is obtained by using a drone, and the vegetation coverage is obtained by segmenting the orthophoto of the restored slope into vegetation pixels. The method for obtaining the vegetation coverage on the natural reference slope is as follows: the orthophoto of the natural reference slope is obtained by using a drone, and the vegetation coverage is calculated by segmenting the orthophoto of the natural reference slope into vegetation pixels. The vegetation pixel segmentation is achieved using the super green vegetation index and maximum entropy algorithm.

3. The highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and eco-chemical stoichiometry as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sediment samples collected simultaneously in the drainage ditch at the toe of the repaired slope and the drainage ditch at the toe of the natural reference slope were taken at a depth of 0-2 cm from the surface layer.

4. The highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and eco-chemical stoichiometry as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The enzyme activity indicators include sucrase activity and urease activity; the microbial biomass indicators include microbial biomass carbon content; and the absolute recovery rate U1 is calculated according to the following formula: in, To restore the sucrase activity in sediment samples from slopes, Sucrase activity in sediment samples from natural reference slopes. To restore urease activity in sediment samples from slopes, Urease activity in sediment samples from natural reference slopes. To restore the microbial biomass carbon content in sediment samples from slopes, The carbon content of microbial biomass in sediment samples from natural reference slopes.

5. The highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and ecochemical stoichiometry as described in claim 4, characterized in that, When the calculated value of the absolute quantity restoring degree is greater than 1, the absolute quantity restoring degree is truncated to 1.

6. The highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and eco-chemical stoichiometry as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The dual-enzyme ecological balance index U2 is calculated according to the following formula: R C:N,修复坡 = / R C:N,参照坡 = / in, It is an exponential function with the natural constant e as its base.

7. The highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and eco-chemical stoichiometry as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The method for calculating the ecological restoration coupling coordination degree is as follows: The coupling degree is calculated based on the absolute recovery degree, the dual-enzyme ecological balance index, and the recovery degree of the aboveground subsystem. The comprehensive recovery degree of the underground micro-ecology of the underground subsystem is calculated based on the absolute recovery degree and the dual-enzyme ecological balance index. A comprehensive coordination index is calculated based on the overall restoration degree of the underground micro-ecology and the restoration degree of the above-ground subsystem; The ecological restoration coupling coordination degree is calculated based on the coupling degree and the comprehensive coordination index.

8. The highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and eco-chemical stoichiometry according to claim 7, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the coupling degree C is: The comprehensive restoration degree of underground micro-ecology U sub The calculation formula is: The formula for calculating the comprehensive coordination index T is as follows: The formula for calculating the ecological restoration coupling coordination degree D is: U3 represents the recoverability of the aboveground subsystem.

9. The highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and eco-chemical stoichiometry as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The evolution direction coordination degree S is calculated according to the following formula: in, This is the monitoring vector for the current age. U is the monitoring vector for the baseline period. 1t U represents the absolute recovery rate for the current age. 2t U represents the dual-enzyme ecological balance index for the current age. 3t U represents the recovery rate of the aboveground subsystems at the current age. 10 U represents the absolute recovery rate over a preset baseline period. 20 U is the dual-enzyme ecological balance index for the preset baseline period. 30 The recovery rate of the above-ground subsystem is the preset baseline period.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the highway slope restoration evaluation method based on the coupling of equivalent sediment transport and ecochemical quantification as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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