Four-wheel drive special-shaped axle self-adaptive to uneven complex terrains of mountainous region

Abstract

The utility model provides a four-wheel drive special-shaped axle self-adaptive to uneven complex terrains of mountainous regions, which belongs to the field of vehicle accessory devices and comprises an axle housing, side axles, a gear transmission mechanism and a planet wheel mechanism, the middles of the side axles are rotatably connected to two ends of the axle housing respectively, the gear transmission mechanism is arranged inside the side axles, and the planet wheel mechanism is arranged in the axle housing. The planet wheel mechanisms are arranged in the two ends of the axle housing correspondingly and rotationally connected with the gear transmission mechanisms, the front wheel and the rear wheel are rotationally installed at the two ends of the side axle correspondingly, the differential mechanism and the two braking devices are arranged in the middle of the axle housing correspondingly, and the differential mechanism is arranged between the two braking devices. A driving gear of the differential mechanism is connected with a power input shaft, the differential mechanism is connected with the brake device through the power input shaft, and the planet wheel mechanism is arranged at one end of the power input shaft. The vehicle can cross a complex road surface, the bearing capacity of the vehicle body structure is improved, and the vehicle body structure has a good damping function and is suitable for working in uneven complex mountainous regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of vehicle accessory devices, in particular to a four-wheel drive special-shaped vehicle axle which is self-adaptive to the uneven and complex terrain of mountains. Background Art

[0002] Ordinary transport vehicles directly rotate and install the front and rear wheels on the frame. When the transport vehicle passes through a pothole, the frame tilts due to uneven road conditions, causing the front or rear wheels to hang in the air, causing the vehicle to fluctuate greatly and drive unstably. Since forestry machinery and equipment need to operate on extremely uneven terrain such as hilly mountains without normal roads, ordinary two-wheel drive axles may usually cause problems such as tipping due to terrain reasons, which limits the travel performance of forestry machinery and equipment and its adaptability to mountain operations. Therefore, a four-wheel drive special-shaped axle that can adapt to the uneven and complex terrain of mountains is needed. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a four-wheel drive special-shaped axle that is adaptive to the uneven and complex terrain of mountains, and to solve the technical problem that the travel performance and mountain operation adaptability of existing forestry machinery and equipment are limited. The four-wheel drive special-shaped axle of the utility model is mainly used in the travel system of mechanical equipment such as forestry felling, planting and non-road transportation in the forest.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows:

[0005] A four-wheel drive special-shaped vehicle bridge which is self-adaptive to the uneven and complex terrain of mountains, comprises a bridge housing, a side bridge, a gear transmission mechanism and a planetary gear mechanism, wherein the middle part of the side bridge is rotatably connected to the two ends of the bridge housing respectively, the gear transmission mechanism is arranged inside the side bridge, the planetary gear mechanism is arranged inside the two ends of the bridge housing respectively, and the planetary gear mechanism is rotatably connected to the gear transmission mechanism, the two ends of the side bridge are rotatably mounted with front wheels and rear wheels respectively, the middle part of the bridge housing is respectively arranged with a differential and two brake devices, the differential is arranged between the two brake devices, the driving gear of the differential is connected to a power input shaft, and the differential and the brake device are connected through the power input shaft, and the planetary gear mechanism is arranged at one end of the power input shaft.

[0006] Furthermore, the gear transmission mechanism includes a central gear, a front driven wheel, a rear driven wheel, a plurality of front idler wheels and a plurality of rear idler wheels, the central gear is rotationally connected to the planetary gear mechanism, the central gear is meshedly connected to the front idler wheel and the rear idler wheel respectively, the front idler wheel is meshedly connected to the front driven wheel, the front driven wheel is rotationally connected to the front wheel, the rear idler wheel is meshedly connected to the rear driven wheel, and the rear driven wheel is rotationally connected to the rear wheel.

[0007] Furthermore, the planetary gear mechanism includes a planetary carrier, a first sun gear, a second sun gear, a first ring gear, a second ring gear, a first planetary gear and a second planetary gear, the first sun gear is connected to one end of the power input shaft, the second sun gear is rotatably connected to the central gear, a first planetary gear is installed between the first sun gear and the first ring gear, and the first planetary gear is meshed with the first sun gear, a second planetary gear is installed between the second sun gear and the second ring gear, and the second planetary gear is meshed with the second sun gear, and the first planetary gear and the second planetary gear are installed on the planetary carrier.

[0008] Furthermore, the braking device includes a brake hydraulic cylinder, a left drum disc, a right drum disc, a plurality of friction plates and a plurality of steel plates. The left drum disc and the right drum disc are respectively mounted on the power input shaft. A left roller is installed on the left drum disc, and a right roller is installed on the right drum disc. The left roller and the right roller are arranged side by side. A plurality of friction plates are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the left drum disc and the right drum disc, and the plurality of friction plates are respectively connected to the power input shaft through splines. Steel plates are arranged between the friction plates. The brake hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the bridge housing. A top tongue is fixedly installed on the piston rod of the brake hydraulic cylinder. Wedge surfaces are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the top tongue, and the upper and lower sides of the top tongue are arranged to lean against the left roller and the right roller.

[0009] Furthermore, the left drum disc and the right drum disc are rotatably connected to the bridge housing respectively, and receiving grooves from shallow to deep are respectively arranged on the opposite sides of the left drum disc and the right drum disc, and balls are arranged inside the receiving grooves, and a return spring is arranged between the left drum disc and the right drum disc.

[0010] Furthermore, the receiving grooves on the left drum disc and the right drum disc are arranged opposite to each other, and the receiving grooves are arranged in an ellipsoid shape with one end being larger and the other end being smaller.

[0011] Furthermore, both ends of the side bridge are inclined downward relative to the middle portion, and both ends of the side bridge are respectively provided with lifting ears.

[0012] Furthermore, a plurality of mounting holes are installed on the top of the bridge housing, and the bridge housing is fixedly connected to the external vehicle frame through the mounting holes.

[0013] The utility model has the following beneficial effects due to the adoption of the above technical solution:

[0014] 1. The planetary gear mechanism provided in the utility model can effectively reduce the length of the power input shaft, avoid deformation and bending of the power input shaft during the transmission process, and avoid unstable vibration of the vehicle caused by excessive rotation speed, thereby extending the service life of the power input shaft.

[0015] 2. The four-wheel drive special-shaped axle of the utility model is in an "X" shape and is equipped with four main drive wheels. It can be driven and travel on complex terrain, ensuring that the vehicle can cross complex roads and improving the bearing capacity of the vehicle body structure; the side bridge and the bridge shell can rotate relative to each other, so that the four wheels are always in contact with the ground, thereby having better balance on extremely uneven terrain, reducing the bumps of the upper body and having good shock absorption function; a gear transmission mechanism is arranged inside the side bridge, with a compact structure and reliable transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model four-wheel drive special-shaped vehicle axle;

[0017] Figure 2 This is the internal structure diagram of the utility model four-wheel drive special-shaped axle;

[0018] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the left drum plate and the right drum plate of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the left drum plate of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the right drum plate of the utility model.

[0023] In the accompanying drawings, 10-bridge housing, 101-mounting hole, 20-side bridge, 201-lifting ear, 30-front wheel, 40-rear wheel, 1-differential, 2-brake device, 21-brake hydraulic cylinder, 22-left drum, 221-left roller, 23-right drum, 231-right roller, 24-friction plate, 25-steel plate, 26-top tongue, 27-accommodating groove, 28-ball, 29-return spring, 3-power input shaft, 31-spline, 41-center gear, 42-front driven wheel, 43-rear driven wheel, 44-front idler wheel, 45-rear idler wheel, 51-planet carrier, 52-first sun gear, 53-second sun gear, 54-first ring gear, 55-second ring gear, 56-first planetary gear, 57-second planetary gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model more clear, the utility model is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, it should be noted that many details listed in the specification are only for the purpose of enabling readers to have a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the utility model, and these aspects of the utility model can be realized even without these specific details.

[0025] like Figure 1-7 As shown, a four-wheel drive special-shaped axle which is adaptive to the uneven and complex terrain of mountains includes a bridge housing 10, a side bridge 20, a gear transmission mechanism and a planetary gear mechanism. The middle part of the side bridge 20 is rotatably connected to the two ends of the bridge housing 10 respectively, and the side bridge 20 is rotatably connected to the bridge housing 10, so that when the vehicle passes over the uneven road surface and potholes, the side bridge 20 can rotate relative to the axle 10 to adapt to the road conditions, while improving the obstacle crossing ability, avoiding serious bumps of the vehicle body above the axle caused by the uneven bottom surface, so as to achieve a good shock absorption function. The gear transmission mechanism is arranged inside the side bridge 20, and the planetary gear mechanisms are respectively arranged inside the two ends of the bridge housing 10, and the planetary gear mechanisms are rotatably connected to the gear transmission mechanism. The front wheels 30 and the rear wheels 40 are rotatably installed at the two ends of the side bridge 20, and the differential 1 and two braking devices 2 are respectively arranged inside the middle part of the bridge housing 10. The differential 1 is arranged between the two braking devices 2. The driving gear of the differential 1 is connected to the power input shaft 3. The differential 1 drives the two power input shafts 3 to rotate, and the differential 1 is connected to the braking device 2 through the power input shaft 3. The planetary gear mechanism is arranged at one end of the power input shaft 3. The four-wheel drive special-shaped axle of the utility model is in an "X" shape and is equipped with four main drive wheels. It can be driven and travel on complex terrain, ensuring that the vehicle can cross complex road surfaces and improving the bearing capacity of the vehicle body structure; the side bridge 20 and the bridge housing 10 can rotate relative to each other, so that the four wheels are always in contact with the ground, thereby having better balance on extremely uneven terrain, reducing the bumps of the upper body and having a good shock absorbing function; a gear transmission mechanism is arranged inside the side bridge 20, with a compact structure and reliable transmission.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the two ends of the side bridge 20 are tilted downward relative to the middle part, and the two ends of the side bridge 20 are respectively provided with lifting ears 201 for easy lifting. The top of the bridge housing 10 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes 101, and the bridge housing 10 is fixedly connected to the external vehicle frame through the mounting holes 101, so that it is easy to disassemble and install.

[0027] like Figure 2As shown, the gear transmission mechanism includes a central gear 41, a front driven wheel 42, a rear driven wheel 43, a plurality of front idler wheels 44 and a plurality of rear idler wheels 45. The central gear 41 is rotatably connected with the planetary gear mechanism, the central gear 41 is meshed and connected with the front idler wheel 44 and the rear idler wheel 45 respectively, the front idler wheel 44 is meshed and connected with the front driven wheel 42, the front driven wheel 42 is rotatably connected with the front wheel 30, the rear idler wheel 45 is meshed and connected with the rear driven wheel 43, and the rear driven wheel 43 is rotatably connected with the rear wheel 40. The planetary gear mechanism drives the central gear 41 to rotate, the central gear 41 drives the front idler wheel 44 and the rear idler wheel 45 to rotate, the front idler wheel 44 and the rear idler wheel 45 respectively drive the front driven wheel 42 and the rear driven wheel 43 to rotate, so that the front driven wheel 42 and the rear driven wheel 43 respectively drive the front wheel 30 and the rear wheel 40 to rotate, and the gear transmission mechanism is compact in structure and reliable in transmission.

[0028] like Figure 3 As shown, the planetary gear mechanism includes a planet carrier 51, a first sun gear 52, a second sun gear 53, a first gear ring 54, a second gear ring 55, a first planetary gear 56 and a second planetary gear 57. The first sun gear 52 is connected to one end of the power input shaft 3, the second sun gear 53 is rotatably connected to the central gear 41, a first planetary gear 56 is installed between the first sun gear 52 and the first gear ring 54, and the first planetary gear 56 is meshed with the first sun gear 52, a second planetary gear 57 is installed between the second sun gear 53 and the second gear ring 55, and the second planetary gear 57 is meshed with the second sun gear 53, and the first planetary gear 56 and the second planetary gear 57 are installed on the planet carrier 51. The power input shaft 3 drives the first sun gear 52 to rotate, the first sun gear 52 drives the first planetary gear 56 to rotate, and then the second planetary gear 57 also rotates, the second planetary gear 57 drives the second sun gear 53 to rotate, and the second sun gear 53 drives the central gear 41 to rotate. The planetary gear mechanism provided in the utility model can effectively reduce the length of the power input shaft 3, avoid deformation and bending of the power input shaft 3 during the transmission process, and avoid unstable vibration of the vehicle caused by excessive rotation speed, thereby extending the service life of the power input shaft 3.

[0029] like Figure 4-7As shown, the brake device 2 includes a brake hydraulic cylinder 21, a left drum disc 22, a right drum disc 23, a plurality of friction plates 24 and a plurality of steel plates 25. The left drum disc 22 and the right drum disc 23 are respectively sleeved on the power input shaft 3. A left roller 221 is installed on the left drum disc 22, and a right roller 231 is installed on the right drum disc 23. The left roller 221 and the right roller 231 are arranged side by side. A plurality of friction plates 24 are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the left drum disc 22 and the right drum disc 23. A spline 31 is provided on the power input shaft 3, and the plurality of friction plates 24 are respectively connected to the power input shaft 3 through the spline. The steel plates 25 are arranged between the friction plates 24. The brake hydraulic cylinder 21 is fixedly connected to the bridge housing 10. A top tongue 26 is fixedly installed on the piston rod of the brake hydraulic cylinder 21. The top tongue 26 is provided with wedge surfaces on the upper and lower sides, and the upper and lower sides of the top tongue 26 are arranged to lean against between the left roller 221 and the right roller 232. The left drum plate 22 and the right drum plate 23 are respectively connected to the bridge housing 10 for rotation. A receiving groove 27 which is from shallow to deep is respectively arranged on the opposite side of the left drum plate 22 and the right drum plate 23. A ball 28 is arranged inside the receiving groove 27. A return spring 29 is arranged between the left drum plate 22 and the right drum plate 23. The receiving grooves 27 on the left drum plate 22 and the right drum plate 23 are arranged opposite to each other, and the receiving grooves 27 are arranged in an ellipsoid shape with one end larger and the other end smaller. The piston rod of the brake hydraulic cylinder 21 is extended, and the top tongue 26 on the piston rod of the brake hydraulic cylinder 21 presses on the left roller 221 and the right roller 232, and the left drum plate 22 and the right drum plate 23 move toward the friction plates 24 on both sides respectively, so that the speed of the power input shaft 3 is reduced or stopped, thereby playing a braking role; when the piston rod of the brake hydraulic cylinder 21 is retracted, the top tongue 26 on the piston rod of the brake hydraulic cylinder 21 releases the left roller 221 and the right roller 232, and the return spring 29 returns the left drum plate 22 and the right drum plate 23 to their original positions.

[0030] How it works

[0031] The differential 1 drives the two power input shafts 3 to rotate, the two power input shafts 3 respectively drive the first sun gear 52 to rotate, the first sun gear 52 drives the first planetary gear 56 to rotate, the second planetary gear 57 follows to rotate, the second planetary gear 57 drives the second sun gear 53 to rotate, the second sun gear 53 drives the central gear to rotate, the central gear 41 drives the front idler gear 44 and the rear idler gear 45 to rotate, the front idler gear 44 and the rear idler gear 45 respectively drive the front driven wheel 42 and the rear driven wheel 43 to rotate, so that the front driven wheel 42 and the rear driven wheel 43 respectively drive The front wheel 30 and the rear wheel 40 rotate; when braking, the piston rod of the brake hydraulic cylinder 21 extends, and the top tongue 26 on the piston rod of the brake hydraulic cylinder 21 presses on the left roller 221 and the right roller 232, and the left drum plate 22 and the right drum plate 23 move toward the friction plates 24 on both sides respectively, so that the speed of the power input shaft 3 is reduced or stopped, thereby playing a braking role; the piston rod of the brake hydraulic cylinder 21 is retracted, and the top tongue 26 on the piston rod of the brake hydraulic cylinder 21 releases the left roller 221 and the right roller 232, and the return spring 29 resets the left drum plate 22 and the right drum plate 23.

[0032] Ordinary transport vehicles directly rotate and install the front and rear wheels on the frame. When the transport vehicle passes through a pit, the frame tilts due to uneven road surface, causing the front or rear wheels to be suspended, causing the vehicle to fluctuate greatly and drive unstably. The four-wheel drive special-shaped axle of the utility model can be installed with four wheels, and has a greater load-bearing capacity than a vehicle structure that can only be installed with two wheels; the four-wheel drive special-shaped axle can ensure that the vehicle passes over complex road surfaces, improves the load-bearing capacity of the vehicle structure, and also has a good shock absorption function, which is suitable for working in mountainous areas and complex terrains with uneven surfaces.

[0033] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A four-wheel drive special-shaped axle that is adaptive to the uneven and complex terrain of mountains, characterized by: The invention comprises a bridge housing (10), a side bridge (20), a gear transmission mechanism and a planetary gear mechanism, wherein the middle part of the side bridge (20) is rotatably connected to the two ends of the bridge housing (10), the gear transmission mechanism is arranged inside the side bridge (20), the planetary gear mechanism is arranged inside the two ends of the bridge housing (10), and the planetary gear mechanism is rotatably connected to the gear transmission mechanism, the two ends of the side bridge (20) are rotatably mounted with a front wheel (30) and a rear wheel (40), respectively, the middle part of the bridge housing (10) is provided with a differential (1) and two brake devices (2), the differential (1) is arranged between the two brake devices (2), the driving gear of the differential (1) is connected to a power input shaft (3), and the differential (1) and the brake device (2) are connected via the power input shaft (3), and the planetary gear mechanism is arranged at one end of the power input shaft (3).

2. The four-wheel drive special-shaped axle capable of adapting to complex mountain terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear transmission mechanism comprises a central gear (41), a front driven wheel (42), a rear driven wheel (43), a plurality of front idler wheels (44) and a plurality of rear idler wheels (45); the central gear (41) is rotationally connected to the planetary gear mechanism; the central gear (41) is meshedly connected to the front idler wheel (44) and the rear idler wheel (45) respectively; the front idler wheel (44) is meshedly connected to the front driven wheel (42); the front driven wheel (42) is rotationally connected to the front wheel (30); the rear idler wheel (45) is meshedly connected to the rear driven wheel (43); and the rear driven wheel (43) is rotationally connected to the rear wheel (40).

3. The four-wheel drive special-shaped axle capable of adapting to complex mountain terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planetary gear mechanism comprises a planetary carrier (51), a first sun gear (52), a second sun gear (53), a first ring gear (54), a second ring gear (55), a first planetary gear (56) and a second planetary gear (57). The first sun gear (52) is connected to one end of a power input shaft (3), the second sun gear (53) is rotationally connected to a central gear (41), a first planetary gear (56) is installed between the first sun gear (52) and the first ring gear (54), and the first planetary gear (56) is meshedly connected to the first sun gear (52), a second planetary gear (57) is installed between the second sun gear (53) and the second ring gear (55), and the second planetary gear (57) is meshedly connected to the second sun gear (53), and the first planetary gear (56) and the second planetary gear (57) are installed on the planetary carrier (51).

4. The four-wheel drive special-shaped axle capable of adapting to complex mountain terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brake device (2) comprises a brake hydraulic cylinder (21), a left drum disc (22), a right drum disc (23), a plurality of friction plates (24) and a plurality of steel plates (25). The left drum disc (22) and the right drum disc (23) are respectively sleeved on a power input shaft (3). A left roller (221) is installed on the left drum disc (22), and a right roller (231) is installed on the right drum disc (23). The left roller (221) and the right roller (231) are arranged side by side. The plurality of friction plates (24) are respectively arranged on the left drum disc (22). The outer sides of the right drum plate (22) and the right drum plate (23) are connected, and a plurality of friction plates (24) are respectively connected to the power input shaft (3) through splines. The steel plates (25) are arranged between the friction plates (24). The brake hydraulic cylinder (21) is fixedly connected to the bridge housing (10). A top tongue (26) is fixedly installed on the piston rod of the brake hydraulic cylinder (21). The top tongue (26) is provided with wedge surfaces on the upper and lower sides. The tops of the upper and lower sides of the top tongue (26) are arranged to lean against between the left roller (221) and the right roller (231).

5. The four-wheel drive special-shaped axle capable of adapting to complex mountain terrain according to claim 4, characterized in that: The left drum disc (22) and the right drum disc (23) are respectively connected to the bridge housing (10) for rotation. The left drum disc (22) and the right drum disc (23) are respectively provided with receiving grooves (27) extending from shallow to deep on the opposite sides thereof. Ball bearings (28) are provided inside the receiving grooves (27). A return spring (29) is provided between the left drum disc (22) and the right drum disc (23).

6. The four-wheel drive special-shaped axle capable of adapting to the uneven and complex terrain of mountains according to claim 5, characterized in that: The receiving grooves (27) on the left drum plate (22) and the right drum plate (23) are arranged opposite to each other, and the receiving grooves (27) are arranged in an ellipsoid shape with one end larger than the other end.

7. The four-wheel drive special-shaped axle capable of adapting to the uneven and complex terrain of mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the side bridge (20) are inclined downward relative to the middle portion, and the two ends of the side bridge (20) are respectively provided with lifting ears (201).

8. The four-wheel drive special-shaped axle capable of adapting to the uneven and complex terrain of mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of mounting holes (101) are installed on the top of the bridge housing (10), and the bridge housing (10) is fixedly connected to the external vehicle frame through the mounting holes (101).

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