Optical experiment teaching device based on Michelson interferometer

Abstract

The utility model provides an optical experiment teaching device based on a Michelson interferometer, which relates to the technical field of optical instruments and comprises a light source output device, a fixed experiment device, a detachable experiment device, a receiving device and a base. The light source output device, the fixed experiment device and the receiving device are all arranged on the base; the fixed experimental device comprises a beam splitter, a first reflector and a second reflector, the light source output device, the beam splitter and the first reflector are collinear, and the second reflector, the beam splitter and the receiving device are collinear; the detachable experimental device is arranged on the base through a magnetic attraction base; the first reflecting mirror is arranged on the base through a first adjusting device, and the second reflecting mirror is arranged on the base through a second adjusting device. According to the utility model, teaching demonstration of various experiments based on Michelson interference can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of optical instruments, in particular to an optical experiment teaching device based on a Michelson interferometer. Background Art

[0002] Michelson interference experiment is an important part of optical experiment. Using Michelson interferometer, we can observe some phenomena equivalent to thin film interference, such as equal thickness and equal inclination interference fringes, so as to intuitively feel the interference behavior of light. At the same time, based on Michelson interferometer, we can also conduct experiments such as measuring monochromatic light wavelength, medium refractive index, film thickness, Young's modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, hysteresis and stretch coefficient, etc. Therefore, Michelson interferometer is a good platform for realizing multifunctional optical teaching devices.

[0003] In the prior art, the device for experimental teaching using Michelson interference usually uses the change of the optical path on one of the interference arms to affect the change of the interference fringes, and then further uses the change of the fringes to infer the refractive index of the medium, the thickness of the film and other measured parameters. For example, the Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN115116310A discloses a Michelson interferometer teaching platform, which realizes the experimental demonstration by controlling the action of the first plane mirror. However, the experimental principle and function of this method are single, and only one or several specific types of experiments (such as equal thickness and equal inclination interference) can be carried out, and it is impossible to realize a variety of experimental teaching demonstrations based on the Michelson interference principle, and it is difficult to meet the needs of multifunctional experimental teaching. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide an optical experiment teaching device based on a Michelson interferometer to realize a variety of optical experiment teaching.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides an optical experiment teaching device based on a Michelson interferometer, comprising: a light source output device, a fixed experimental device, a detachable experimental device, a receiving device and a base; the light source output device, the fixed experimental device and the receiving device are all arranged on the base; the fixed experimental device comprises a beam splitter, a first reflector and a second reflector, the light source output device, the beam splitter and the first reflector are collinear, and the second reflector, the beam splitter and the receiving device are collinear; the detachable experimental device is arranged on the base through a magnetic base; the first reflector is arranged on the base through a first adjustment device, and the second reflector is arranged on the base through a second adjustment device.

[0006] Preferably, the first adjusting device is an electric translation stage for adjusting the relative distance between the first reflector and the beam splitter.

[0007] Preferably, a groove is provided on the base, and the electric translation stage is arranged in the groove; an electric translation stage controller is also arranged in the base and connected to the electric translation stage.

[0008] Preferably, the second adjustment device comprises a rotational translation stage and a coarse and fine adjustment translation stage, the second reflector is mounted on the coarse and fine adjustment translation stage, the coarse and fine adjustment translation stage is mounted on the rotational translation stage, and the rotational translation stage is arranged on the base.

[0009] Preferably, the detachable experimental device includes a convex lens and a transparent medium plate, and a first magnetic base and a second magnetic base are respectively provided on both sides of the beam splitter, the first magnetic base is used to be connected to the convex lens, and the second magnetic base is used to be connected to the transparent medium plate, and the light source output device, the first magnetic base, the beam splitter, the second magnetic base and the first reflector are collinear.

[0010] Preferably, the detachable experimental device comprises an electric translation stage cover, the electric translation stage cover is used to cover the electric translation stage and the first reflector, and a light-through hole is provided on the electric translation stage cover.

[0011] Preferably, the receiving device includes a white screen and a photoelectric detector.

[0012] Preferably, it further comprises a data collector and a data storage device, wherein the data collector is connected to the photoelectric detector, and the data storage device is connected to the data collector.

[0013] Preferably, a transformer power supply is arranged in the base, a power socket and a main switch of the device are arranged on the side of the base, and the power socket and the main switch of the device are both connected to the transformer power supply.

[0014] Preferably, the light source output device comprises a light source and a light source support, the light source is arranged on the base through the light source support, and the light source comprises a laser monochromatic light source and a multi-wavelength light source.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0016] The utility model provides an optical experiment teaching device based on a Michelson interferometer, wherein an interference light path of Michelson interference is formed by fixing an experimental device, and a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror can be adjusted as needed through a first adjusting device and a second adjusting device, so that the optical paths of two interference arms can be adjusted as needed, and a magnetically detachable experimental device can be used to realize teaching demonstrations of various experiments based on Michelson interference.

[0017] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be partially given in the following description, and partially become apparent from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the base;

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the interactive interface of the electric translation stage controller.

[0022] Among them, 1. convex lens; 2. transparent medium plate; 3. white screen; 4. electric translation stage cover; 5. electric translation stage; 6. first reflector; 7. photodetector; 8. second magnetic base; 9. beam splitter; 10. first magnetic base; 11. light source; 12. light source support; 13. second reflector; 14. base; 15. coarse and fine adjustment translation stage; 16. rotation translation stage; 17. electric translation stage controller; 18. data storage device; 19. data collector; 20. main switch of the device; 21. power socket; 22. transformer power supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, an optical experiment teaching device based on Michelson interferometer includes: a light source output device, a fixed experimental device, a detachable experimental device, a receiving device and a base 14. Among them, the light source output device is used to output light source, the fixed experimental device is a device that is fixed in the experiment and does not need to be installed or disassembled; the detachable experimental device is a device that needs to be installed or disassembled on the device fixing plate (the upper surface of the base in this embodiment is used as the device fixing plate) to complete a certain experiment. The base is used to fix all devices, and a transformer power supply and an electric translation stage controller are arranged inside the base. The light source output device, the fixed experimental device and the receiving device are all arranged on the base 14. The fixed experimental device includes a beam splitter 9, a first reflector 6 and a second reflector 13; the light source output device, the beam splitter 9 and the first reflector 6 are collinear, and the second reflector 13, the beam splitter 9 and the receiving device are collinear to form two interference arms. The detachable experimental device is detachably arranged on the base 14 through a magnetic base, and different detachable experimental devices can be flexibly selected according to different experimental requirements. The first reflector 6 is disposed on the base 14 via a first adjusting device, and the second reflector 13 is disposed on the base 14 via a second adjusting device.

[0024] In view of the problem that the experimental principle and function of the teaching device in the prior art are single, the utility model sets the first reflector 6 and the second reflector 13 to be adjustable, that is, the optical path of the corresponding two interference arms are variable, so as to meet the requirements of different experiments. In combination with the magnetically detachable experimental device, the corresponding devices can be added, reduced or replaced as needed to realize the demonstration of various experiments.

[0025] The first adjustment device is an electric displacement stage 5, which is used to adjust the relative distance between the first reflector 6 and the beam splitter 9. A groove is provided on the base 14, and the electric displacement stage 5 is arranged in the groove. The position of the first reflector 6 connected to the slider is adjusted by cooperating with the lead screw and the slider. An electric displacement stage controller 17 is also provided in the base 14. The electric displacement stage controller 17 is connected to the electric displacement stage 5 and is used to control the movement of the electric displacement stage 5, and can drive the first reflector 6 to move at a constant speed. The upper surface of the electric displacement stage controller 17 has a display screen that is flush with the base 14, such as Figure 3 As shown, an interactive interface can be displayed, which is convenient for the experimenter to control the movement of the electric translation stage 5 through the display and control buttons on the interface.

[0026] The second adjustment device includes a rotational displacement stage 16 and a coarse and fine adjustment displacement stage 15. The second reflector 13 is mounted on the coarse and fine adjustment displacement stage 15, and the coarse and fine adjustment displacement stage 15 is mounted on the rotational displacement stage 16, and the rotational displacement stage 16 is arranged on the base 14. Through the cooperation of the rotational displacement stage 16 and the coarse and fine adjustment displacement stage 15, the position and angle of the second reflector 13 can be adjusted. The rotational displacement stage 16 can rotate the second reflector 13 around the center, and the coarse and fine adjustment displacement stage 15 has a coarse adjustment screw and a fine adjustment screw, which can move the second reflector 13 forward and backward.

[0027] The fixed experimental device includes a beam splitter 9, a first reflector 6 and a second reflector 13. The beam splitter 9 is a beam splitter prism for splitting light into two beams, with a splitting ratio of 50:50. A beam splitter prism with a splitting ratio of 50:50 is used as a beam splitter, and no compensation plate is required to supplement the optical path. The first reflector 6 and the second reflector 13 are respectively located on two optical paths to reflect the two beams formed after passing through the beam splitter.

[0028] The detachable experimental device includes a convex lens 1, a transparent medium plate 2 and an electric translation stage cover 4. A first magnetic base 10 and a second magnetic base 8 are respectively arranged on both sides of the beam splitter. The first magnetic base is used to connect with the convex lens, and the second magnetic base is used to connect with the transparent medium plate, so as to realize the flexible disassembly and assembly of the convex lens and the transparent medium plate on the base 14. The light source output device, the first magnetic base 10, the beam splitter 9, the second magnetic base 8 and the first reflector 6 are collinear. The convex lens 1 is used to expand the light source, to observe the equal-inclination interference fringes, to observe the equal-thickness interference fringes, and to complete the measurement of the wavelength of the light and the medium refractive index experiment through the fringes change; the transparent medium plate 2 is used to measure the medium refractive index experiment. The electric translation stage cover can be fixed on the base by magnetic attraction, and is used to cover the electric translation stage and the first reflector. In addition, a light hole is also arranged on the electric translation stage cover. After the electric translation stage cover is installed, the light hole faces the direction of the beam splitter 9 to facilitate the transmission of light. When the outer cover 4 of the electric translation stage is taken down, the first reflector 6 can be adjusted, and when it is put on, it can prevent the electric translation stage from causing dangers such as pinching hands when moving.

[0029] The receiving device includes a white screen 3 and a photodetector 7. The white screen 3 is used for experiments such as observing equal-inclination interference, observing equal-thickness interference, measuring the wavelength of light, and measuring the refractive index of the medium; the photodetector 7 is also connected to a data collector 19 and a data storage device 18 in sequence, the data collector is connected to the photodetector, and the data storage device is connected to the data collector, all of which are used for light speed measurement and Fourier spectrometer experiments. The photodetector 7 converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and is fixed to the base by magnetic attraction; the data collector 19 is used to convert the electrical signal into a digital signal; the data storage device 18 is used to store the converted digital signal.

[0030] A transformer power supply 22 is provided in the base 14 for supplying power to the electric translation stage and other devices. A power socket 21 and a main switch 20 are provided on the side of the base 14. Both the power socket and the main switch are connected to the transformer power supply. The power socket 21 is used to connect an external power supply, and the main switch 20 is used to control the on and off of the overall circuit.

[0031] The light source output device includes a light source 11 and a light source support 12, and the light source 11 is arranged on a base 14 through the light source support 12. The light source includes a laser monochromatic light source and a multi-wavelength light source, wherein the laser monochromatic light source is a continuous semiconductor laser for generating any visible light band with a wavelength of 400nm to 760nm, and the multi-wavelength light source can use a mercury lamp for spectrometer experiments, etc.

[0032] The optical path of the optical experimental teaching device provided above is: the light emitted by the light source 11 is divided into two paths of light after passing through the beam splitter 9, one path of light is transmitted to the first reflector, and the other path of light is transmitted to the second reflector. Finally, the two reflected lights pass through the beam splitter 9 again, generate interference, and are transmitted to the photodetector or the white screen.

[0033] Before using the device, determine the experiment to be performed and turn on the main switch of the device 20.

[0034] When conducting the experiment of observing equal-inclination and equal-thickness interference fringes, the photodetector 7 needs to be removed, the white screen 3 is placed here, and the convex lens 1 is placed on the first magnetic base 10. The light source 11 selects a laser monochromatic light source, and the equal-inclination interference and equal-thickness interference are observed by adjusting the first reflector 6, the second reflector 13, the coarse and fine adjustment stage 15, and the rotation stage 16.

[0035] In the experiment of measuring the wavelength of light, on the basis of observing the interference fringes of equal inclination, the front and rear positions of the second reflector 13 are finely adjusted by the coarse and fine adjustment stage 15, so that the fringes are sunken or extended by m = 20 to 50, and the starting position d1 and the end position d2 of the second reflector 13 are recorded to obtain the moving distance Δ d =d1-d2, then use the formula 2Δ d =mλ, and obtain the wavelength λ of the light source.

[0036] In the experiment of measuring the refractive index of the transparent medium plate, the transparent medium plate 2 is placed on the second magnetic base 8 after observing the equal-inclination interference fringes. After the transparent medium plate is placed, the equal-inclination interference fringes become blurred, and the reading d3 of the coarse and fine adjustment stage 15 is recorded at this time. The front and rear positions of the second reflector 13 are finely adjusted by the coarse and fine adjustment stage 15, so that the interference fringes on the display screen become clear again, and the reading d4 of the coarse and fine adjustment stage 15 is recorded at this time. The thickness D of the transparent medium plate 2 is measured with a vernier caliper, and the formula is used. To calculate the refractive index n of the dielectric plate.

[0037] When conducting light speed measurement and spectrometer experiments, the convex lens 1, transparent medium plate 2, and white screen 3 are not needed in these two experiments. Figure 1 The structure shown is connected well; before conducting the experiment, it is necessary to adjust the first reflector 6 and the second reflector 13 so that the light at the photodetector 7 is interference light, that is, interference fringes can be observed here; at the same time, in these two experiments, since the electric translation stage 5 needs to move at a uniform speed, the electric translation stage cover 4 needs to be magnetically attracted to the magnetic base around the electric translation stage 5 to prevent hands from being pinched when the translation stage moves.

[0038] When measuring the speed of light, the light source 11 needs to use a laser monochromatic light source, and the electric displacement stage 5 is controlled by the electric displacement stage controller 17 to move at a uniform speed. The controller interface is as follows: Figure 3As shown, the slider can be controlled to move forward or backward by pressing a button, and the moving speed can be set; the photodetector 7 is placed after the beam splitter 9 to receive the light beat signal formed by the movement of the first reflector 6, and convert the light beat signal into an electrical signal, and then the data collector 19 is connected to the photodetector 7 to collect the electrical signal and immediately store it in the data storage 18, and then the stored data is processed by Fourier transform using a computer data processing system, and the change of signal intensity with respect to time i(t) is converted into its change with respect to frequency i(f), and the frequency Δf of the light intensity change is obtained, then the light beat frequency formed is Δf / 2, and then the formula is used: Substituting the measured Δf into the formula, the speed of light c can be obtained, where v is the moving speed of the electric translation stage and f0 is the frequency of the light source used.

[0039] When conducting a spectrometer experiment, the light source 11 needs to use a multi-wavelength light source, such as a mercury lamp, and the other settings are the same as the light speed measurement. Finally, the computer data processing system is also used to perform Fourier transform on the stored data, converting the image of the signal intensity in the time domain into its image in the frequency domain, and finally outputting a spectrum curve graph.

[0040] The utility model provides an optical experiment teaching device based on Michelson interferometer, which forms an interference optical path of Michelson interference by fixing the experimental device, can adjust the first reflector and the second reflector as needed by the first adjusting device and the second adjusting device, and can realize the teaching demonstration of various experiments based on Michelson interference with the magnetic detachable experimental device, and can combine multiple optical experiments into one, which can observe interference fringes, use the fringes change to infer a certain parameter, and can also directly use the intensity change of the interference signal to realize the light speed measurement and spectrum analysis experiment, so that students can be exposed to more optical experiments, flexibly integrate various optical knowledge, and have a deeper understanding of Michelson interferometer. The use of magnetic devices makes it convenient for teachers to teach and students to conduct multiple experiments. The electric displacement stage is combined with the Michelson interferometer, and the corresponding control, acquisition and data processing system is adopted to realize the light speed measurement and spectrum analysis, and a magnetic cover is added to the electric displacement stage to ensure the safety of the experiment.

[0041] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not intended to limit the utility model. For those skilled in the art, the utility model can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. An optical experiment teaching device based on Michelson interferometer, characterized in that: include: A light source output device, a fixed experimental device, a detachable experimental device, a receiving device and a base; the light source output device, the fixed experimental device and the receiving device are all arranged on the base; the fixed experimental device comprises a beam splitter, a first reflector and a second reflector, the light source output device, the beam splitter and the first reflector are collinear, and the second reflector, the beam splitter and the receiving device are collinear; the detachable experimental device is arranged on the base through a magnetic base; The first reflector is arranged on the base through a first adjusting device, and the second reflector is arranged on the base through a second adjusting device.

2. The optical experiment teaching device based on Michelson interferometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first adjusting device is an electric translation stage, which is used to adjust the relative distance between the first reflecting mirror and the beam splitter.

3. The optical experiment teaching device based on Michelson interferometer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The base is provided with a groove, and the electric displacement stage is arranged in the groove; an electric displacement stage controller is also arranged in the base and connected with the electric displacement stage.

4. The optical experiment teaching device based on Michelson interferometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second adjustment device comprises a rotational displacement stage and a coarse and fine adjustment displacement stage, the second reflector is mounted on the coarse and fine adjustment displacement stage, the coarse and fine adjustment displacement stage is mounted on the rotational displacement stage, and the rotational displacement stage is arranged on the base.

5. The optical experiment teaching device based on Michelson interferometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detachable experimental device includes a convex lens and a transparent medium plate. A first magnetic base and a second magnetic base are respectively arranged on both sides of the beam splitter. The first magnetic base is used to be connected to the convex lens, and the second magnetic base is used to be connected to the transparent medium plate. The light source output device, the first magnetic base, the beam splitter, the second magnetic base and the first reflector are collinear.

6. The optical experiment teaching device based on Michelson interferometer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detachable experimental device comprises an electric translation stage cover, the electric translation stage cover is used to cover the electric translation stage and the first reflector, and a light-through hole is arranged on the electric translation stage cover.

7. The optical experiment teaching device based on Michelson interferometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving device includes a white screen and a photoelectric detector.

8. The optical experiment teaching device based on Michelson interferometer according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a data collector and a data storage device. The data collector is connected to the photoelectric detector, and the data storage device is connected to the data collector.

9. The optical experiment teaching device based on Michelson interferometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transformer power supply is arranged inside the base, a power socket and a main switch of the device are arranged on the side of the base, and both the power socket and the main switch of the device are connected to the transformer power supply.

10. The optical experiment teaching device based on Michelson interferometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light source output device comprises a light source and a light source support. The light source is arranged on the base through the light source support. The light source comprises a laser monochromatic light source and a multi-wavelength light source.

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