Aviation aluminum alloy vacuum smelting pressure casting equipment
By using heat storage modules and heating components in vacuum smelting and die-making casting equipment and using thermally conductive oil to heat the gas, the problem of poor surface quality of aviation aluminum castings caused by too low gas temperature is solved, and higher quality casting molding is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421082332.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-17
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-05-17
AI Technical Summary
During the pumping process of the existing vacuum smelting and die-making casting equipment, the gas temperature is too low, resulting in poor surface quality after forming of aviation aluminum castings.
A vacuum smelting and die-casting equipment of aerospace aluminum alloy is designed, using heat storage modules and heating components to combine them. The heat dissipated from the vacuum smelting furnace is transported to the heating components through thermal conduction oil as a medium to ensure the pressurized gas. The temperature reaches above 80℃ to avoid rapid cooling and curing of the metal liquid.
The surface quality of aviation aluminum castings is effectively improved, energy loss is reduced by making full use of heat energy, and the rapid cooling and curing of metal liquid is prevented, ensuring the surface quality after forming.
Smart Images
Figure CN222242568U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of aviation aluminum alloy casting equipment, in particular to aviation aluminum alloy vacuum smelting pressure casting equipment. Background Art
[0002] Aviation aluminum is a super-hard aluminum material, an aluminum-magnesium-zinc-copper alloy with high strength and hardness. It is the aluminum alloy with the highest strength at room temperature. After a certain period of solid solution treatment, its strength reaches 680MPa, which is equivalent to super-strength steel. The smelting of this aviation aluminum generally adopts a vacuum smelting furnace that is often used to process alloy steel. There is a coil outside the furnace, and a repeatedly changing electric current is passed through the coil. Eddy currents are generated in the metal in the furnace. The heat generated by the eddy currents melts the metal. The advantage of using eddy currents to smelt metals is that the entire process can be carried out in a vacuum, which can prevent impurities in the air from entering the metal, and high-quality aviation alloys can be smelted.
[0003] For aluminum alloy materials such as aviation aluminum alloys that have very high processing technology standards, vacuum smelting furnaces are often used together with pressure casting. That is, compressed air is introduced into a sealed mold in a vacuum casting box to create a certain pressure on the surface of the molten metal, so that the molten metal of the aviation aluminum alloy rises from the riser to fill the mold and control solidification. This casting method has good shrinkage compensation, dense casting structure, and is easy to cast large, thin-walled and complex aviation aluminum alloy castings. No risers are required, and the metal recovery rate is high. However, when pressurized, the pumped gas is often at a relatively low temperature, directly contacting the high-temperature aviation aluminum alloy molten metal or causing the surface molten metal to solidify rapidly, affecting its surface quality after casting processing.
[0004] Therefore, in view of the fact that during the process of pumping gas pressurization in the above-mentioned existing vacuum smelting and pressure casting equipment, the surface molten metal solidifies rapidly due to the low gas temperature, resulting in poor surface quality of the casting, a vacuum smelting and pressure casting equipment with a gas heating function can be designed to reduce the impact of low-temperature gas on the surface quality of aviation aluminum castings. Summary of the invention
[0005] In order to overcome the problem that the gas temperature pumped into the existing vacuum smelting pressure casting equipment is too low, which easily leads to poor surface quality of aviation aluminum castings after molding.
[0006] The technical solution of the utility model is: a vacuum smelting and pressure casting equipment for aviation aluminum alloy, including a vacuum casting chamber, a vacuum smelting furnace, a casting mold, a pressurizing component, a heat storage module, and a heating component; the vacuum casting chamber is a box structure and is sealed on all sides by baffles, the vacuum smelting furnace and the casting mold are both installed in the vacuum casting chamber, a pressurizing component for introducing argon gas with a pressure of 0.06 to 0.15 MPa into the casting mold is provided on one side of the vacuum casting chamber, a heat storage module for absorbing heat from the vacuum smelting furnace is provided on the other side of the vacuum casting chamber, the heating component is on the gas transmission path of the pressurizing component, and the heat storage module transfers heat to the heating component using heat-conducting oil as a medium.
[0007] Preferably, the aviation aluminum metal liquid formed after smelting in the vacuum smelting furnace is introduced into the mold to wait for casting. During the molding process, the pressurizing component introduces argon gas into the mold and maintains the air pressure between 0.06 and 0.15 MPa. During the pumping process, the heat storage module absorbs the heat emitted by the vacuum smelting furnace and transports it to the heating component, and heats the argon gas delivery path to ensure that the temperature of the argon gas entering the mold is above 80°C.
[0008] Preferably, a groove is provided in the box structure of the vacuum casting chamber around the outer wall of the vacuum smelting furnace, the heat absorption unit of the heat storage module is installed in the groove, and eight pump air ports distributed in a ring are provided on the surface of the mold. The gas delivery channel terminal of the pressurizing component is connected to the pump air port. The vacuum smelting furnace is used to melt the aviation aluminum material into molten metal, introduce it into the mold, and pressurize it through the pressurizing component, so that the molten metal of the aviation aluminum alloy rises from the riser to fill the mold and control solidification.
[0009] Preferably, the pressurizing assembly includes a gas cylinder, an annular tube, a branch air pipe, and a gas transmission channel pipe; the gas cylinder is close to the mold and arranged on one side of the vacuum casting chamber, the annular tube is above the mold, eight branch air pipes are fixedly connected to the lower end of the annular tube, and the branch air pipes are inserted into the corresponding pump air ports, and a copper gas transmission channel pipe is connected between the gas outlet port of the gas cylinder and the annular tube. The gas cylinder pumps out argon through the gas transmission channel pipe, and passes into the mold through the annular tube and the branch air pipe. The gas is dispersed and injected at eight points in different positions, which is more conducive to pressure stabilization.
[0010] Preferably, the heat storage module includes a high-temperature oil pump and a spiral oil return pipe; the high-temperature oil pump is close to the vacuum smelting furnace and arranged on one side of the vacuum casting chamber, the spiral oil return pipe is sleeved on the outer wall of the vacuum smelting furnace and installed in the groove, and the spiral oil return pipe is filled with heat transfer oil. The heat transfer oil in the spiral oil return pipe absorbs the heat generated by the vacuum smelting furnace smelting aviation aluminum metal, and then pumps it out to the heating component through the high-temperature oil pump to provide a stable source of heat.
[0011] Preferably, the heat storage module also includes an oil delivery pipeline and an oil return pipeline; one end of the spiral oil return pipeline is connected to the oil inlet of the high-temperature oil pump, an oil delivery pipeline is connected between the oil outlet of the high-temperature oil pump and the oil inlet end of the heating component, and an oil return pipeline is connected between the oil outlet end of the heating component and the other end of the spiral oil return pipeline. The high-temperature oil pump pumps the heat transfer oil into the heating component through the oil delivery pipeline, the oil enters from one end of the heating component and flows out from the other end, and the outflowing oil is recovered into the spiral oil return pipe through the oil return pipeline to re-absorb heat.
[0012] Preferably, the heating component includes an insulation sleeve and a spiral heat pipe; the insulation sleeve is arranged on the outside of the gas channel pipe, the spiral heat pipe is a copper spiral pipe and is installed on the inner wall of the insulation sleeve and coated on the outer wall of the gas channel pipe, and the heat transfer oil enters from one end of the spiral heat transfer pipe and flows along the spiral tubular path. During the flow, the heat is dissipated outwardly with the help of the copper pipe material and conducted to the gas channel pipe, so that the internal gas is heated to above 80°C.
[0013] Preferably, the inner wall of the insulation sleeve is coated with insulation paint, the outer wall is covered with a polymer insulation layer, and the pipe openings at both ends of the insulation sleeve are filled with plugs of insulation material. The insulation sleeve serves as an installation chamber for the spiral heat pipe, and with the help of its own composite multi-layer insulation material, the heat loss of the spiral heat pipe to the outside can be reduced.
[0014] Beneficial effects of the utility model:
[0015] 1. Through the cooperation of the heat storage module and the heating module, the high temperature generated by the smelting of aviation aluminum materials in the vacuum smelting furnace is used as the heating heat source of the pressurized gas, so as to make full use of the thermal energy and reduce the energy loss. When the heated gas enters the mold and contacts with the aviation aluminum molten metal, the molten metal is effectively prevented from being rapidly cooled and solidified, thus ensuring the surface quality of the aviation aluminum casting after molding;
[0016] 2. The heat storage module and the heating component use heat transfer oil as the medium, which has good heat conduction effect and strong heat storage capacity. The spiral heat pipe is used to extend the oil conveying path, increase the heat transfer surface, and improve the heating effect of the oil pipeline. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 What is shown is a first three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the aviation aluminum alloy vacuum smelting pressure casting equipment of the utility model;
[0018] Figure 2 The second three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the aviation aluminum alloy vacuum smelting pressure casting equipment of the utility model is shown;
[0019] Figure 3 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the vacuum casting box of the vacuum smelting and pressure casting equipment for aviation aluminum alloy of the utility model is shown;
[0020] Figure 4 What is shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the pressurized component of the aviation aluminum alloy vacuum smelting and pressurized casting equipment of the utility model;
[0021] Figure 5 What is shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the heat storage module of the aviation aluminum alloy vacuum smelting and pressure casting equipment of the utility model;
[0022] Figure 6 Shown is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the heating component of the aviation aluminum alloy vacuum smelting pressure casting equipment of the present utility model.
[0023] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. vacuum casting chamber; 2. vacuum smelting furnace; 3. casting mold; 5. embedding groove; 6. pump gas port; 401. gas cylinder; 402. annular pipe; 403. branch gas pipe; 404. gas transmission channel pipe; 701. high-temperature oil pump; 702. spiral oil return pipe; 703. oil transmission pipeline; 704. return oil pipeline; 801. insulation sleeve; 802. spiral heat conduction pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0025] See also Figure 1-2 The utility model provides an embodiment: an aviation aluminum alloy vacuum smelting pressure casting equipment, including a vacuum casting chamber 1, a vacuum smelting furnace 2, a casting mold 3, a pressurizing component, a heat storage module, and a heating component; the vacuum casting chamber 1 is a box structure and is sealed on all sides by baffles, the vacuum smelting furnace 2 and the casting mold 3 are both installed in the vacuum casting chamber 1, and a pressurizing component for introducing argon gas with a pressure of 0.06 to 0.15 MPa into the casting mold 3 is provided on one side of the vacuum casting chamber 1, and a heat storage module for absorbing the heat of the vacuum smelting furnace 2 is provided on the other side of the vacuum casting chamber 1. The component is on the gas transmission path of the pressurized component. The heat storage module transfers heat to the heating component with heat transfer oil as the medium. The aviation aluminum metal liquid formed after smelting in the vacuum smelting furnace 2 is introduced into the casting mold 3 to wait for casting. During the molding process, the pressurized component introduces argon gas into the casting mold 3 and maintains the air pressure between 0.06 and 0.15 MPa. During the pumping process, the heat storage module absorbs the heat emitted by the vacuum smelting furnace 2 and transmits it to the heating component, and heats the argon gas transmission path to ensure that the temperature of the argon gas entering the casting mold 3 is above 80°C.
[0026] See also Figure 3-4In this embodiment, a groove 5 is provided around the outer wall of the vacuum smelting furnace 2 in the box structure of the vacuum casting chamber 1, and the heat absorption unit of the heat storage module is installed in the groove 5. Eight pump gas ports 6 distributed in an annular manner are provided on the surface of the mold 3. The gas delivery channel terminal of the pressurizing component is connected to the pump gas port 6. The pressurizing component includes a gas cylinder 401, an annular tube 402, a branch gas pipe 403, and a gas delivery channel pipe 404; the gas cylinder 401 is close to the mold 3 and is arranged on one side of the vacuum casting chamber 1, the annular tube 402 is above the mold 3, and the lower end of the annular tube 402 is fixedly connected to eight branch gas pipes 403 and the branch air pipe 403 is inserted into the corresponding pump air port 6, a copper gas delivery channel pipe 404 is connected between the gas outlet port of the gas cylinder 401 and the annular tube 402, and the vacuum smelting furnace 2 is used to melt the aviation aluminum material into molten metal, introduce it into the mold 3, and pressurize it through the pressurizing component to make the molten metal of the aviation aluminum alloy rise from the riser to fill the mold and control solidification. The gas cylinder 401 pumps out argon through the gas delivery channel pipe 404, and passes through the annular tube 402 and the branch air pipe 403 into the mold 3. The gas is dispersed and injected at eight points in different positions, which is more conducive to pressure stabilization.
[0027] See also Figure 5-6In this embodiment, the heat storage module includes a high-temperature oil pump 701 and a spiral oil return pipe 702; the high-temperature oil pump 701 is close to the vacuum smelting furnace 2 and is arranged on one side of the vacuum casting chamber 1, the spiral oil return pipe 702 is sleeved on the outer wall of the vacuum smelting furnace 2 and installed in the embedded groove 5, and the spiral oil return pipe 702 is filled with heat transfer oil. The heat storage module also includes an oil delivery pipeline 703 and an oil return pipeline 704; one end of the spiral oil return pipe 702 is connected to the oil inlet of the high-temperature oil pump 701, and the high-temperature oil pump 70 An oil delivery pipeline 703 is connected between the oil outlet of the heating component 1 and the oil inlet end of the heating component, and an oil return pipeline 704 is connected between the oil outlet end of the heating component and the other end of the spiral oil return pipe 702. The heating component includes a heat preservation sleeve 801 and a spiral heat conduction pipe 802; the heat preservation sleeve 801 is sleeved on the outside of the gas transmission channel pipe 404, the spiral heat conduction pipe 802 is a copper spiral pipe and is installed on the inner wall of the heat preservation sleeve 801 and coated on the outer wall of the gas transmission channel pipe 404, and the inner wall of the heat preservation sleeve 801 is coated with a heat preservation coating. The outer wall is coated with a polymer material insulation layer, and the two ends of the insulation sleeve 801 are filled with insulation material plugs. The heat transfer oil in the spiral oil return pipe 702 absorbs the heat generated by the vacuum smelting furnace 2 smelting aviation aluminum metal, and is pumped out to the heating component through the high-temperature oil pump 701 to provide a stable source of heat. The high-temperature oil pump 701 pumps the heat transfer oil to the heating component through the oil pipeline 703. The oil enters from one end of the heating component and flows out from the other end. The outflowing oil passes through The return oil pipeline 704 is recovered into the spiral oil return pipe 702 for re-absorption of heat. The heat-conducting oil enters from one end of the spiral heat-conducting pipe 802 and flows along the spiral tubular path. During the flow, the heat is dissipated outwards with the help of the copper pipe material and conducted to the gas transmission channel pipe 404, heating the internal gas to above 80°C. The insulation sleeve 801 serves as the installation chamber of the spiral heat-conducting pipe 802, and with the help of its own composite multi-layer insulation material, it can reduce the heat loss of the spiral heat-conducting pipe 802 to the outside.
[0028] During the operation, the user puts the aviation aluminum raw material into the vacuum smelting furnace 2 for melting and forming into molten metal, and then introduces the molten metal into the casting mold 3 to wait for casting;
[0029] During the process of introducing the aviation aluminum metal liquid into the casting mold 3, the gas cylinder 401 pumps out the argon gas through the gas transmission channel pipe 404 at a pressure of 0.06-0.15MPa. At the same time, the heat transfer oil in the spiral oil return pipe 702 absorbs the heat generated by the vacuum smelting furnace 2 smelting the aviation aluminum metal, and is pumped into the spiral heat transfer pipe 802 through the oil transmission pipeline 703 under the action of the high-temperature oil pump 701. The heat transfer oil flows along the spiral tubular path and dissipates heat outward with the help of the copper pipe material, and is transmitted to the gas transmission channel pipe 404, heating the argon gas in the gas transmission channel pipe 404 to above 80°C. After the heat is lost, the heat transfer oil flows out from the other end of the spiral heat transfer pipe 802, and is recovered to the spiral oil return pipe 702 through the return oil pipeline 704 to absorb heat again.
[0030] The heated argon gas enters the casting mold 3 through the annular pipe 402 and the branch gas pipe 403 in turn. The argon gas with a certain pressure causes the molten metal of the aviation aluminum alloy to rise from the riser in the casting mold 3 to fill the casting mold and control solidification.
[0031] Through the above steps, the heat storage module and the heating module work together, using the high temperature generated by the vacuum smelting furnace 2 to melt the aviation aluminum material as the heating heat source of the pressurized gas, making full use of thermal energy and reducing energy loss. When the heated gas enters the casting mold 3 and contacts with the aviation aluminum liquid metal, it effectively avoids the metal liquid from being quickly cooled and solidified, ensuring the surface quality of the aviation aluminum material casting after molding, so as to solve the problem that the temperature of the gas pumped into the existing vacuum smelting pressure casting equipment is too low, which easily leads to poor surface quality of the aviation aluminum casting after molding.
[0032] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art without departing from the purpose of the present invention.
Claims
1. An aviation aluminum alloy vacuum smelting pressure casting device, comprising a vacuum casting chamber (1), a vacuum smelting furnace (2), and a casting mold (3); characterized in that: The invention also comprises a pressurizing component, a heat storage module and a heating component; the vacuum casting chamber (1) is a box structure and is sealed on all sides by baffles; the vacuum smelting furnace (2) and the casting mold (3) are both installed in the vacuum casting chamber (1); a pressurizing component for introducing argon gas with a pressure of 0.06 to 0.15 MPa into the casting mold (3) is arranged on one side of the vacuum casting chamber (1); a heat storage module for absorbing heat from the vacuum smelting furnace (2) is arranged on the other side of the vacuum casting chamber (1); the heating component is located on the gas transmission path of the pressurizing component; the heat storage module transfers heat to the heating component using heat transfer oil as a medium.
2. The vacuum smelting and pressure casting equipment for aviation aluminum alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An embedding groove (5) is provided in the box structure of the vacuum casting chamber (1) around the outer wall of the vacuum smelting furnace (2), and the heat absorption unit of the heat storage module is installed in the embedding groove (5). The surface of the casting mold (3) is provided with eight pump gas ports (6) distributed in an annular manner, and the gas delivery channel terminal of the pressurizing component is connected to the pump gas port (6).
3. The vacuum smelting and pressure casting equipment for aviation aluminum alloy according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The pressurizing component comprises a gas cylinder (401), an annular tube (402), a branch gas pipe (403), and a gas transmission channel pipe (404); the gas cylinder (401) is close to the casting mold (3) and arranged on one side of the vacuum casting chamber (1); the annular tube (402) is located above the casting mold (3); eight branch gas pipes (403) are fixedly connected to the lower end of the annular tube (402), and the branch gas pipes (403) are plugged into corresponding pump gas ports (6); and a copper gas transmission channel pipe (404) is connected between the gas outlet port of the gas cylinder (401) and the annular tube (402).
4. The vacuum smelting and pressure casting equipment for aviation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat storage module comprises a high-temperature oil pump (701) and a spiral oil return pipe (702); the high-temperature oil pump (701) is close to the vacuum smelting furnace (2) and is arranged on one side of the vacuum casting chamber (1); the spiral oil return pipe (702) is sleeved on the outer wall of the vacuum smelting furnace (2) and installed in the embedded groove (5); and the interior of the spiral oil return pipe (702) is filled with heat-conducting oil.
5. The vacuum smelting and pressure casting equipment for aviation aluminum alloy according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The heat storage module further comprises an oil delivery pipeline (703) and an oil return pipeline (704); one end of the spiral oil return pipeline (702) is connected to the oil inlet of the high-temperature oil pump (701); the oil delivery pipeline (703) is connected between the oil outlet of the high-temperature oil pump (701) and the oil inlet end of the heating component; and the oil return pipeline (704) is connected between the oil outlet end of the heating component and the other end of the spiral oil return pipeline (702).
6. The vacuum smelting and pressure casting equipment for aviation aluminum alloy according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The heating component comprises a heat-insulating sleeve (801) and a spiral heat-conducting pipe (802); the heat-insulating sleeve (801) is sleeved on the outside of the gas transmission channel pipe (404); the spiral heat-conducting pipe (802) is a copper spiral pipe and is installed on the inner wall of the heat-insulating sleeve (801) and coated on the outer wall of the gas transmission channel pipe (404).
7. The vacuum smelting and pressure casting equipment for aviation aluminum alloy according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner wall of the thermal insulation sleeve (801) is coated with thermal insulation paint, the outer wall is covered with a polymer material thermal insulation layer, and the pipe openings at both ends of the thermal insulation sleeve (801) are filled with plugs made of thermal insulation material.