Automatic leveling device for printing platform, printing bottom plate, printing platform and 3D printer

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of 3D printing, and provides an automatic leveling device for a printing platform, a printing bottom plate, the printing platform and a 3D printer, the printing platform comprises the printing bottom plate, and the printing bottom plate is at least provided with a conductive area; comprising a detection circuit which is configured to detect a capacitance value between a printing nozzle and a conductive region when the printing nozzle is located in the conductive region of a printing bottom plate. When the printing spray head moves to the conductive area, the detection circuit detects capacitance values of the printing spray head and the conductive area, the heights corresponding to the capacitance values are respectively obtained according to comparison of different capacitance values at a plurality of pre-calibrated heights, then a curved surface is fitted, and then the height of the printing spray head is compensated in the printing process. The height between the printing nozzle and the printing platform is kept consistent, and automatic leveling is achieved; as the printing nozzle is not in contact with the printing bottom plate, the movement of the printing bottom plate can be automatically adjusted in the printing process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of 3D printing, and in particular to an automatic leveling device for a printing platform and related equipment thereof. Background Art

[0002] The 3D printing technology currently available for 3D printers is fused deposition modeling (FDM). FDM is a technology that uses materials such as powdered metal or plastic to construct three-dimensional objects by printing layer by layer based on digital models. In specific implementations, a 3D printer using FDM technology uses a feeding mechanism to supply the device's hot-melt filamentary material (wire material or material line) to the hot end, and the hot-melt filamentary material is heated to a molten state in the hot end. The print head at the hot end can then extrude the molten material onto the printing platform while moving along the printing path of the 3D printer, printing out a three-dimensional object layer by layer.

[0003] The current leveling devices are all suitable for printing the hot melt molten material from top to bottom with the print head above the printing platform. However, there are currently inverted printers, that is, the printing platform is above the print head, and the hot melt molten material is printed from bottom to top. The existing leveling device is not very effective in leveling this inverted printer. In view of this, it is necessary to design an automatic leveling device suitable for this inverted printer. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The utility model provides an automatic leveling device for a printing platform, wherein the printing platform comprises a printing base plate, and the printing base plate is provided with at least one conductive area;

[0006] The automatic leveling device comprises: a detection circuit, wherein the detection circuit is configured to detect a capacitance value between the print head and the conductive area when the print head is located in the conductive area of ​​the printing base plate.

[0007] When the print head moves to the conductive area, the detection circuit detects the capacitance value of the print head and the conductive area, compares the different capacitance values ​​at several pre-calibrated heights, obtains the heights corresponding to the capacitance values, and then fits a curved surface. The height of the print head is then compensated during the printing process, so that the height between the print head and the printing platform remains consistent, achieving automatic leveling. Since there is no contact between the print head and the printing plate, the movement of the printing plate can be automatically adjusted during the printing process to maintain an appropriate distance between the print head and the printing plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the detection circuit is electrically connected to the conductive area and the print head respectively.

[0009] Furthermore, the detection circuit includes a multivibrator circuit and a frequency detection circuit, the conductive area and the print head are both connected to the multivibrator circuit; the multivibrator circuit is connected to the frequency detection circuit;

[0010] The multivibrator circuit is configured to generate AC signals of different frequencies; and the frequency detection circuit is configured to detect the frequency of the AC signal generated by the multivibrator circuit.

[0011] Furthermore, the automatic leveling device also includes an adjustment mechanism, which is configured to adjust the height of the printing platform according to the capacitance value detected by the detection circuit; when the print head moves to the conductive area, the detection circuit detects the capacitance value of the print head and the conductive area, and compares the different capacitance values ​​at several pre-calibrated heights to obtain the height that needs to be adjusted. The adjustment mechanism is adjusted according to the height that needs to be adjusted. After multiple adjustments at multiple positions, the plane of the printing base plate coincides with the plane formed by the movement of the print head, thereby achieving automatic leveling in a true sense, and the movement of the printing base plate can be automatically adjusted during the printing process to maintain an appropriate distance between the print head and the printing base plate.

[0012] The adjusting mechanism includes a driving assembly, which includes a driving device, a driving wheel and a driven wheel. The driving shaft of the driving device is coaxially connected to the driving wheel, and the driving wheel and the driven wheel are meshed and connected. The adjusting mechanism also includes a stud and an elastic member, and the elastic member is arranged on the stud. The stud and the driven wheel are spirally arranged and move along the direction in which the driven wheel shaft hole is arranged.

[0013] The utility model provides a printing base plate, which is suitable for the above-mentioned automatic leveling device. The printing base plate comprises a printing base plate body, a conductive substrate and an adhesive layer, and the conductive substrate and the adhesive layer are sequentially arranged on the printing base plate body.

[0014] The utility model also provides a printing platform, including a printing base plate bracket and the above-mentioned printing base plate, the printing base plate bracket is provided with a positioning baffle, the positioning baffle is used to position the printing base plate; the positioning baffle is provided with a positioning groove, and the printing base plate is provided with a positioning block matching the positioning groove.

[0015] Furthermore, the printing base plate is provided with a material erasing member for erasing residual consumables on the printing nozzle.

[0016] Furthermore, an optical detection component is provided on the printing base plate.

[0017] The utility model also provides a 3D printer, comprising a printing nozzle and the above-mentioned printing platform, wherein the printing platform is arranged above the printing nozzle, and the printing nozzle prints on the printing platform from bottom to top.

[0018] The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The detection circuit described in the utility model is electrically connected to the conductive area and the print head respectively. When the print head moves to the conductive area, the detection circuit detects the capacitance value of the print head and the conductive area, compares the capacitance values ​​at several pre-calibrated heights, obtains the heights corresponding to the capacitance values, and then fits a curved surface. Then, the height of the print head is compensated during the printing process, so that the height between the print head and the printing platform remains consistent, thereby achieving automatic leveling. Alternatively, the height to be adjusted can be obtained according to the capacitance values ​​at several pre-calibrated heights, and the adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the height to be adjusted. After multiple adjustments at multiple positions, the plane of the printing base plate is made to coincide with the plane formed by the movement of the print head, thereby achieving automatic leveling. Since the print head and the printing base plate are not in contact, the movement of the printing base plate can be automatically adjusted during the printing process, so that the distance between the print head and the printing base plate is kept appropriate.

[0020] (2) In the present invention, a positioning baffle is provided on the printing base plate bracket of the printing platform. The printing base plate can be installed by aligning the positioning block of the printing base plate with the positioning groove of the positioning baffle and then fixing the printing base plate with fasteners.

[0021] (3) The wiping member on the printing plate in the utility model can wipe off the residual consumables on the printing nozzle, ensuring accurate readings when the printing nozzle and the printing plate interact with each other;

[0022] (4) The printing plate in the present invention is provided with an optical detection component, which can be used to detect whether the printing plate is in place, whether there is an obstruction at the position of the printing plate, whether the print head is moving, and whether there is a printed object on the printing plate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a plan view of the printing base plate in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic leveling device used in the printing platform in Example 2.

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the connection of the detection circuit in Example 2.

[0026] Figure 4It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic leveling device used in the printing platform in Example 3.

[0027] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A partial schematic diagram of the automatic leveling device being provided.

[0028] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Bottom diagram of .

[0029] Figure 7 A partial schematic diagram of the printing platform in Example 6.

[0030] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the 3D printer in Example 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The specific implementation methods of the utility model are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be pointed out that the embodiments are only specific explanations of the utility model and should not be regarded as limitations of the utility model. The purpose of the embodiments is to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and reproduce the technical solutions of the utility model. The protection scope of the utility model shall still be based on the scope defined in the claims. Example 1

[0032] This embodiment provides a printing base plate, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0033] The printing base plate comprises a printing base plate body, a conductive substrate and an adhesive layer, wherein the conductive substrate and the adhesive layer are sequentially arranged on the printing base plate body.

[0034] The adhesive layer may also be provided with holes 112;

[0035] The printing base plate is provided with a material wiping piece for wiping off the residual consumables on the printing nozzle. Preferably, the material wiping piece can be a rubber sheet, a brush head or a metal sheet.

[0036] The positioning block 111 on the printing base plate 11 cooperates with the positioning groove 1311 on the positioning baffle 131 to achieve blind installation.

[0037] An optical detection component 113 is disposed on the printing base plate. The optical detection component includes a first optical mark. The first optical mark is configured to detect whether the printing base plate is installed in place.

[0038] The optical detection component further includes a second optical mark, and the second optical mark is configured to detect whether there is an obstruction in the printing base area.

[0039] The optical detection component also includes a third optical mark, which is located at the center of the printing base plate and is configured to detect whether there is a printed object on the printing base plate. When the printed object exists, the optical mark will be completely or partially blocked.

[0040] The optical detection assembly further includes a fourth optical mark, and the fourth optical mark is configured to calibrate camera distortion. The fourth optical mark is obtained by combining a plurality of fifth optical marks, and the fifth optical mark is in the form of a checkerboard or a ring or a circle with a fixed spacing, and the first optical mark, the second optical mark, the third optical mark and the fifth optical mark can be a QR code or an AruCo code or a ring. Example 2

[0041] This embodiment provides an automatic leveling device 2 for a printing platform, referring to Figure 2 shown.

[0042] The printing platform 1 comprises the printing base plate 11 of embodiment 1, and at least one conductive area is provided on the printing base plate, wherein the conductive area is a conductive substrate;

[0043] The automatic leveling device 2 includes: a detection circuit, which is configured to detect the capacitance between the print head 3 and the conductive substrate when the print head 3 is located on the conductive substrate of the printing base. The detection circuit is arranged on a circuit board 21, and the circuit board 21 is arranged on a connecting frame.

[0044] The detection circuit is electrically connected to the conductive substrate and the print head respectively.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, the detection circuit includes a multivibrator circuit and a frequency detection circuit, the conductive substrate and the print head are both connected to the multivibrator circuit; the multivibrator circuit is connected to the frequency detection circuit; the multivibrator circuit is configured to generate AC signals of different frequencies; the frequency detection circuit is configured to detect the frequency of the AC signal generated by the multivibrator circuit. The multivibrator circuit and the frequency detection circuit both use existing circuits, that is, the capacitor (conductive substrate and print head) is placed in an oscillator, and the size of the capacitor is calculated based on other known circuit parameters and the actual measured oscillation frequency.

[0046] Preferably, the automatic leveling device 2 also includes a main control board, and the adjustment mechanism 22 and the detector are both connected to the main control board. When the detector circuit detects the capacitance value, the main control board compares the different capacitance values ​​at several pre-calibrated heights to obtain the height that needs to be adjusted, and then controls the adjustment mechanism to adjust the corresponding height.

[0047] Working principle:

[0048] When the print head 3 moves to the conductive substrate, the detection circuit detects the capacitance value of the print head and the conductive substrate, compares the different capacitance values ​​at several pre-calibrated heights, obtains the heights corresponding to the capacitance values, and then fits a curved surface. Then, the height of the print head is compensated during the printing process, so that the height between the print head and the printing platform remains consistent, thereby achieving automatic leveling. Since there is no contact between the print head and the printing base plate, the movement of the printing base plate can be automatically adjusted during the printing process to maintain an appropriate distance between the print head and the printing base plate. Example 3

[0049] This embodiment provides an automatic leveling device 2 for a printing platform, referring to Figure 4-6 shown.

[0050] The printing platform 1 comprises the printing base plate 11 of embodiment 1, and at least one conductive area is provided on the printing base plate, wherein the conductive area is a conductive substrate;

[0051] The automatic leveling device 2 comprises:

[0052] A detection circuit is configured to detect the capacitance value between the print head 3 and the conductive substrate when the print head 3 is located on the conductive substrate of the print base plate; the detection circuit is arranged on a circuit board 21, and the circuit board 21 is arranged on a connecting frame.

[0053] The adjusting mechanism is configured to adjust the height of the printing platform according to the capacitance value detected by the detection circuit; the adjusting mechanism 22 includes a driving component, the driving component includes a driving device 221, a driving wheel 222 and a driven wheel 223, the driving shaft of the driving device 221 is coaxially connected to the driving wheel 222, and the driving wheel 222 and the driven wheel 223 are meshedly connected.

[0054] The printing platform 1 also includes a connecting frame 13 and a printing base support 12, and the driving assembly is arranged on the connecting frame 13; the adjusting structure 22 also includes a stud 224 and an elastic member 225, and the elastic member 225 is arranged on the stud 224, and the stud 224 is fixedly connected to the printing base support, and is spirally arranged with the driven wheel 223, and moves along the direction in which the driven wheel shaft hole is arranged. When the stud 224 moves under the action of the driving assembly, the rebound force of the elastic member 225 is used to eliminate the matching clearance between the stud 224 and the driven wheel 223 and the printing base support. The driving wheel 222 and the driven wheel 223 can be gears, and the driving device 221 can be a motor.

[0055] Preferably, the automatic leveling device 2 also includes a main control board, and the adjustment mechanism 22 and the detector are both connected to the main control board. When the detection circuit detects the capacitance value, the main control board compares the different capacitance values ​​at several pre-calibrated heights to obtain the height that needs to be adjusted, and then controls the adjustment mechanism to adjust the corresponding height.

[0056] Preferably, the automatic leveling device 2 further comprises a protective cover 23, which is arranged on the outside of the driving assembly to shield the driving assembly, and a certain distance is provided between the protective cover 23 and the highest plane where the driving assembly is located to allow the stud 224 to move.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown, the detection circuit is electrically connected to the conductive substrate and the print head respectively. The detection circuit includes a multivibrator circuit and a frequency detection circuit. The conductive substrate and the print head are both connected to the multivibrator circuit; the multivibrator circuit is connected to the frequency detection circuit; the multivibrator circuit is configured to generate AC signals of different frequencies; the frequency detection circuit is configured to detect the frequency of the AC signal generated by the multivibrator circuit. The multivibrator circuit and the frequency detection circuit both use existing circuits, that is, the capacitor (conductive substrate and print head) is placed in an oscillator, and the size of the capacitor is calculated based on other known circuit parameters and the actual measured oscillation frequency.

[0058] Working principle:

[0059] When the print head moves to the conductive substrate, the detection circuit detects the capacitance value of the print head and the conductive substrate, and compares the different capacitance values ​​at several pre-calibrated heights to obtain the height that needs to be adjusted. The adjustment mechanism is adjusted according to the height that needs to be adjusted. After multiple adjustments at multiple positions, the plane of the printing base plate coincides with the plane formed by the movement of the print head, thereby achieving automatic leveling in a true sense, and the movement of the printing base plate can be automatically adjusted during the printing process to maintain an appropriate distance between the print head and the printing base plate. Example 4

[0060] This embodiment provides an automatic leveling device 2 for a printing platform, referring to Figure 2 shown.

[0061] The printing platform 1 comprises the printing base plate 11 of embodiment 1, and at least one conductive area is provided on the printing base plate, wherein the conductive area is a conductive sticker attached to the printing base plate 11;

[0062] The automatic leveling device 2 includes: a detection circuit, which is configured to detect the capacitance between the print head 3 and the conductive patch when the print head 3 is located on the conductive patch of the printing base. The detection circuit is arranged on a circuit board 21, and the circuit board 21 is arranged on a connecting frame.

[0063] The detection circuit is electrically connected to the conductive sticker and the print head respectively.

[0064] like Figure 3 As shown, the detection circuit includes a multivibrator circuit and a frequency detection circuit, the conductive sticker and the print head are both connected to the multivibrator circuit; the multivibrator circuit is connected to the frequency detection circuit; the multivibrator circuit is configured to generate AC signals of different frequencies; the frequency detection circuit is configured to detect the frequency of the AC signal generated by the multivibrator circuit. The multivibrator circuit and the frequency detection circuit both use existing circuits, that is, the capacitor (conductive sticker and print head) is placed in an oscillator, and the size of the capacitor is calculated based on other known circuit parameters and the actual measured oscillation frequency.

[0065] Preferably, the automatic leveling device 2 also includes a main control board, and the adjustment mechanism 22 and the detector are both connected to the main control board. When the detector circuit detects the capacitance value, the main control board compares the different capacitance values ​​at several pre-calibrated heights to obtain the height that needs to be adjusted, and then controls the adjustment mechanism to adjust the corresponding height.

[0066] Working principle:

[0067] When the print head 3 moves to the conductive patch, the detection circuit detects the capacitance value of the print head and the conductive patch, compares the different capacitance values ​​at several pre-calibrated heights, obtains the heights corresponding to the capacitance values, and then fits a curved surface. Then, the height of the print head is compensated during the printing process, so that the height between the print head and the printing platform remains consistent, achieving automatic leveling; since there is no contact between the print head and the printing plate, the movement of the printing plate can be automatically adjusted during the printing process to maintain an appropriate distance between the print head and the printing plate. Example 5

[0068] This embodiment provides an automatic leveling device 2 for a printing platform, referring to Figure 4-6 shown.

[0069] The printing platform 1 comprises the printing base plate 11 of embodiment 1, and at least one conductive area is provided on the printing base plate, wherein the conductive area is a conductive sticker attached to the printing base plate 11;

[0070] The automatic leveling device 2 comprises:

[0071] The detection circuit is configured to detect the capacitance value between the print head 3 and the conductive sticker when the print head 3 is located on the conductive sticker of the printing base plate; the detection circuit is arranged on a circuit board 21, and the circuit board 21 is arranged on a connecting frame.

[0072] The adjusting mechanism is configured to adjust the height of the printing platform according to the capacitance value detected by the detection circuit; the adjusting mechanism 22 includes a driving component, the driving component includes a driving device 221, a driving wheel 222 and a driven wheel 223, the driving shaft of the driving device 221 is coaxially connected to the driving wheel 222, and the driving wheel 222 and the driven wheel 223 are meshedly connected.

[0073] The printing platform 1 also includes a connecting frame 13 and a printing base support 12, and the driving assembly is arranged on the connecting frame 13; the adjusting structure 22 also includes a stud 224 and an elastic member 225, and the elastic member 225 is arranged on the stud 224, and the stud 224 is fixedly connected to the printing base support, and is spirally arranged with the driven wheel 223, and moves along the direction in which the driven wheel shaft hole is arranged. When the stud 224 moves under the action of the driving assembly, the rebound force of the elastic member 225 is used to eliminate the matching clearance between the stud 224 and the driven wheel 223 and the printing base support. The driving wheel 222 and the driven wheel 223 can be gears, and the driving device 221 can be a motor.

[0074] Preferably, the automatic leveling device 2 also includes a main control board, and the adjustment mechanism 22 and the detector are both connected to the main control board. When the detector circuit detects the capacitance value, the main control board compares the different capacitance values ​​at several pre-calibrated heights to obtain the height that needs to be adjusted, and then controls the adjustment mechanism to adjust the corresponding height.

[0075] Preferably, the automatic leveling device 2 further comprises a protective cover 23, which is arranged on the outside of the driving assembly to shield the driving assembly, and a certain distance is provided between the protective cover 23 and the highest plane where the driving assembly is located to allow the stud 224 to move.

[0076] The detection circuit is electrically connected to the conductive sticker and the print head respectively.

[0077] like Figure 3As shown, the detection circuit includes a multivibrator circuit and a frequency detection circuit, the conductive sticker and the print head are both connected to the multivibrator circuit; the multivibrator circuit is connected to the frequency detection circuit; the multivibrator circuit is configured to generate AC signals of different frequencies; the frequency detection circuit is configured to detect the frequency of the AC signal generated by the multivibrator circuit. The multivibrator circuit and the frequency detection circuit both use existing circuits, that is, the capacitor (conductive sticker and print head) is placed in an oscillator, and the size of the capacitor is calculated based on other known circuit parameters and the actual measured oscillation frequency.

[0078] Working principle:

[0079] When the print head moves to the conductive patch, the detection circuit detects the capacitance value of the print head and the conductive patch, and compares the different capacitance values ​​at several pre-calibrated heights to obtain the height that needs to be adjusted. The adjustment mechanism is adjusted according to the height that needs to be adjusted. After multiple adjustments at multiple positions, the plane of the printing base plate coincides with the plane formed by the movement of the print head, thereby achieving automatic leveling in a true sense, and the movement of the printing base plate can be automatically adjusted during the printing process to maintain an appropriate distance between the print head and the printing base plate. Example 6

[0080] This embodiment provides a printing platform 1, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 7 .

[0081] The printing platform package includes a connecting frame 13, a printing base plate bracket 12 and the printing base plate 11 in Example 1; a positioning baffle 121 is provided on the printing base plate bracket, and the positioning baffle 121 is used to position the printing base plate 11. Specifically, the positioning baffle 121 is provided with a positioning groove 1211, and the corresponding printing base plate 11 is provided with a matching positioning block 111. When the printing base plate 11 is installed, the positioning block 111 is placed in the positioning groove 1311 on the positioning baffle 131 and then the printing base plate 11 is fixed by fasteners, so that the installation of the printing base plate 11 can be achieved.

[0082] The printing platform 1 is provided with the automatic leveling device in Example 2, and the automatic leveling device is evenly arranged on the printing platform 1 to ensure that each angle can be adjusted. Example 7

[0083] This embodiment provides a 3D printer, referring to Figure 8 .

[0084] The 3D printer includes a print head and the printing platform 1 in Example 6, wherein the printing platform 1 is arranged above the print head 3, and the print head 3 prints on the printing platform 1 from bottom to top; wherein the printing platform 1 includes the automatic leveling device 2 in Example 3.

[0085] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application.

[0086] It should be noted that the technical features not described in detail in the present invention can be achieved by any existing technology.

Claims

1. An automatic leveling device for a printing platform, the printing platform comprising a printing base plate, characterized in that: At least one conductive area is provided on the printing base plate; The automatic leveling device comprises: a detection circuit, wherein the detection circuit is configured to detect a capacitance value between the print head and the conductive area when the print head is located in the conductive area of ​​the printing base plate.

2. The automatic leveling device for a printing platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection circuit is electrically connected to the conductive area and the print head respectively.

3. The automatic leveling device for a printing platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection circuit includes a multivibrator circuit and a frequency detection circuit, the conductive area and the print head are both connected to the multivibrator circuit; the multivibrator circuit is connected to the frequency detection circuit; The multivibrator circuit is configured to generate AC signals of different frequencies; and the frequency detection circuit is configured to detect the frequency of the AC signal generated by the multivibrator circuit.

4. The automatic leveling device for a printing platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic leveling device also includes an adjustment mechanism, which is configured to adjust the height of the printing platform according to the capacitance value detected by the detection circuit; the adjustment mechanism includes a driving component, the driving component includes a driving device, a driving wheel and a driven wheel, the driving shaft of the driving device is coaxially connected to the driving wheel, and the driving wheel and the driven wheel are gearedly connected.

5. The automatic leveling device for a printing platform according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism also includes a stud and an elastic member, wherein the elastic member is arranged on the stud, and the stud is spirally arranged with the driven wheel and moves along the direction in which the driven wheel shaft hole is arranged.

6. A printing base plate, characterized in that: The printing base plate is suitable for the automatic leveling device described in any one of claims 1-5, and the printing base plate includes a printing base plate body, a conductive substrate and an adhesive layer, and the conductive substrate and the adhesive layer are sequentially arranged on the printing base plate body.

7. A printing platform, characterized in that: It comprises a printing base plate bracket and the printing base plate of claim 6, wherein the printing base plate bracket is provided with a positioning baffle, and the positioning baffle is used to position the printing base plate; the positioning baffle is provided with a positioning groove, and the printing base plate is provided with a positioning block matching the positioning groove.

8. A printing platform according to claim 7, characterized in that: The printing base plate is provided with a material wiping piece for wiping the residual consumables on the printing nozzle.

9. A printing platform according to claim 7, characterized in that: An optical detection component is arranged on the printing base plate.

10. A 3D printer, characterized in that: It comprises a printing nozzle and a printing platform as described in any one of claims 7-9.

11. A 3D printer according to claim 10, characterized in that: The printing platform is arranged above the printing nozzle, and the printing nozzle prints on the printing platform from bottom to top.

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