Teaching aid model for mutual activation of B cells and T cells

Abstract

The utility model discloses a teaching aid model for mutual activation of B cells and T cells, and belongs to the technical field of teaching aid models. The teaching aid model for mutual activation of B cells and T cells comprises a first sphere, a Y-shaped body, a first L-shaped body, a first cube, a second cube, a first cuboid, a third cube, a second cuboid, a third cuboid, a second sphere, a fourth cuboid, a fifth cuboid, a sixth cuboid, a second L-shaped body and a boss structure. The teaching aid is simple in structure, easy to build in the using process, three-dimensional and visual, learners can learn related content more vividly, understanding of the learners is facilitated, and teaching of lecturers is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a teaching aid model for mutual activation of B cells and T cells, belonging to the technical field of teaching aid models. Background Art

[0002] The human immune system has the functions of immune defense, immune surveillance and immune self-stabilization. When external pathogenic microorganisms invade the human body or cells in the human body become cancerous, the immune system can be activated to respond to the immune system. As an antigen presenting cell, when B cells recognize antigens through the surface immunoglobulin BCR, they can internalize the antigens, generate their first activation signal, and process them into antigen peptides, integrate them with MHC class II molecules into antigen peptide-MHC molecule complexes, and express them on the surface of the cell membrane. At the same time, B cells express CD80 / 86 on the cell membrane. Then, T cells can recognize the antigen peptide-MHC molecule complex on the surface of B cells through their surface protein TCR-CD3 complexes, and transduce their own first activation signal; CD28 on the surface of T cell membranes can bind to CD80 / 86 on the surface of B cell membranes to generate the second activation signal of T cells. After T cells are activated, they express CD40L on the cell membrane surface, which binds to CD40 on the surface of B cell membranes to generate the second activation signal of B cells. In addition, Th cells also secrete cytokines to promote the activation, proliferation and differentiation of B cells.

[0003] The research objects of immunology are relatively microscopic and not easy to be directly observed by the naked eye of learners. The knowledge content of immunology is relatively abstract and not easy for learners to understand. At present, the teaching of immunology is mainly carried out through slides, videos, etc. There is a lack of immunology-related cell teaching aids and models for teachers to demonstrate. It is not intuitive enough for learners and difficult for lecturers to explain. The whole teaching process lacks liveliness and intuitiveness. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve one or more of the above problems, the utility model provides a teaching model of mutual activation of B cells and T cells, and the technical solution is as follows.

[0005] The teaching aid model of mutual activation of B cells and T cells of the utility model comprises a first sphere, a Y-shaped body, a first L-shaped body, a first cube, a second cube, a first cuboid, a third cube, a second cuboid, a third cuboid, a second sphere, a fourth cuboid, a fifth cuboid, a sixth cuboid, a second L-shaped body and a boss structure; the Y-shaped body, the first cube, the second cube, the first cuboid and the first sphere are fixedly connected, a groove is provided on the side of the Y-shaped body on the first sphere, and the first L-shaped body is hinged in the groove; the third cube and the Y-shaped body are detachably connected; the second cuboid, the third cuboid and the first sphere are detachably connected; a square groove is provided on the first sphere;

[0006] The fifth cuboid and the sixth cuboid are fixedly connected to the second sphere; a groove is provided on the second sphere, located below the sixth cuboid, and the second L-shaped body is hinged in the groove; a square groove is provided on the top of the second sphere, and the boss structure can be inserted into the square groove; the fourth cuboid and the second sphere are detachably connected.

[0007] In one embodiment, the first cuboid and the fourth cuboid are snap-connected or plug-connected.

[0008] In one embodiment, the second cuboid and the fifth cuboid are snap-connected or plug-connected.

[0009] In one embodiment, the third cuboid and the sixth cuboid are snap-connected or plug-connected.

[0010] In one embodiment, the detachable connection is a threaded connection or a bayonet connection.

[0011] In one embodiment, the third cube is magnetically connected to the first L-shaped body.

[0012] In one embodiment, the third cuboid is magnetically connected to the second L-shaped body.

[0013] In one embodiment, the boss structure and the square groove are clearance fit or transition fit.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first L-shaped body and the second L-shaped body are made of magnetic materials.

[0015] In one embodiment, the surfaces of the first sphere, Y-shaped body, first L-shaped body, first cuboid, second cuboid, and third cuboid are coated with green fuel, and the surfaces of the second sphere, fourth cuboid, fifth cuboid, sixth cuboid, and second L-shaped body are coated with yellow fuel.

[0016] The working principle of this utility model:

[0017] The first sphere of the teaching aid model of mutual activation of B cells and T cells of the utility model represents B cells, the second sphere represents T cells, the Y-shaped body on the first sphere represents membrane immunoglobulin, the first cube represents antigen Igα, the second cube represents antigen Igβ, the first L-shaped body represents CD19 / CD21 / CD81, the first rectangular block represents CD40, the second rectangular block represents CD80 / 86, the third rectangular block represents MHC class II molecule-antigen peptide complex, and the third cube represents antigen; the fourth rectangular block on the second sphere represents CD40L, the fifth rectangular block represents CD28, the second L-shaped body represents CD4, the sixth rectangular block represents TCR-CD3 complex, and the boss structure represents cytokine;

[0018] Before the teaching model is demonstrated, all the detachable connected parts are removed, and the boss structure is inserted into the square groove of the second sphere. The demonstration process is as follows:

[0019] The third cube is connected to the Y-shaped body on the first sphere, so that the first L-shaped body contacts the third cube, indicating that B cell membrane immunoglobulins, Igα, Igβ and CD19 / CD21 / CD81 jointly participate in the recognition and internalization of antigens, generating the first signal of B cell activation;

[0020] Connecting the second and third cuboids to the first sphere indicates that B cells express the MHC class II molecule-antigen peptide complex generated after antigen processing on the cell membrane, and express CD80 / 86 on the cell membrane at the same time;

[0021] The third cuboid on the second sphere is connected to the sixth cuboid, the second L-shaped body is in contact with the third cuboid, and the fifth cuboid on the second sphere is connected to the second cuboid, indicating that the T cell recognizes the MHC class II molecule-antigen peptide complex through the TCR-CD3 complex and CD4, generating the first signal of T cell activation, and the T cell contacts the CD80 / 86 of the B cell through CD28 to obtain the second signal of T cell activation;

[0022] The fourth cuboid is connected to the second sphere, and the fourth cuboid is connected to the first cuboid, indicating that the activated T cells express CD40L on the cell membrane, which binds to CD40 on the surface of B cells to generate the second activation signal of B cells;

[0023] Finally, the boss structure in the square groove of the second sphere is taken out and inserted into the square groove on the first sphere, indicating that T cells secrete cytokines, which, after binding to the corresponding receptors on the surface of B cells, assist the differentiation and proliferation of B cells, thus completing the process of mutual activation between B cells and T cells.

[0024] Advantages of the utility model:

[0025] (1) The utility model has a simple structure and is easy to build during use;

[0026] (2) The structure of the utility model is three-dimensional and intuitive, which enables learners to learn relevant content more vividly and helps learners understand;

[0027] (3) The utility model transforms abstract theoretical knowledge into an intuitive teaching aid model, which is beneficial to the lecturer's teaching. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the teaching aid model of mutual activation of B cells and T cells of the utility model;

[0029] Among them, 1. the first sphere; 2. the Y-shaped body; 3. the first L-shaped body; 4. the first cube; 5. the second cube; 6. the first rectangular parallelepiped; 7. the third cube; 8. the second rectangular parallelepiped; 9. the third rectangular parallelepiped; 10. the second sphere; 11. the fourth rectangular parallelepiped; 12. the fifth rectangular parallelepiped; 13. the sixth rectangular parallelepiped; 14. the second L-shaped body; 15. the boss structure; 16. the groove; 17. the square groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following is a specific description of the utility model.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a teaching aid model of mutual activation of B cells and T cells of the utility model, including a first sphere 1, a Y-shaped body 2, a first L-shaped body 3, a first cube 4, a second cube 5, a first cuboid 6, a third cube 7, a second cuboid 8, a third cuboid 9, a second sphere 10, a fourth cuboid 11, a fifth cuboid 12, a sixth cuboid 13, a second L-shaped body 14 and a boss structure 15; the Y-shaped body 2, the first cube 4, the second cube 5, the first cuboid 6 are fixedly connected to the first sphere 1, a groove 16 is provided on the side of the Y-shaped body 2 on the first sphere 1, and the first L-shaped body 3 is hinged in the groove 16; the third cube 7 is detachably connected to the Y-shaped body 2; the second cuboid 8, the third cuboid 9 are detachably connected to the first sphere 1; a square groove 17 is provided on the first sphere 1;

[0033] The fifth cuboid 12 and the sixth cuboid 13 are fixedly connected to the second sphere 10; a groove is provided on the second sphere 10, which is located below the sixth cuboid 13, and the second L-shaped body 14 is hinged in the groove; a square groove is provided on the top of the second sphere 10, and the boss structure 15 can be inserted into the square groove; the fourth cuboid 11 and the second sphere 10 are detachably connected.

[0034] Among them, the first cuboid 6 and the fourth cuboid 11, the second cuboid 8 and the fifth cuboid 12, and the third cuboid 9 and the sixth cuboid 13 are snap-fitted or plug-fitted;

[0035] The detachable connection is a threaded connection or a snap connection;

[0036] The third cube 7 is magnetically connected to the first L-shaped body 3; the third cuboid 9 is magnetically connected to the second L-shaped body 14.

[0037] The working principle of this utility model:

[0038] The first sphere 1 of the teaching aid model of mutual activation of B cells and T cells of the utility model represents a B cell, the second sphere 10 represents a T cell, the Y-shaped body 2 on the first sphere 1 represents a membrane immunoglobulin, the first cube 4 represents Igα, the second cube 5 represents Igβ, the first L-shaped body 3 represents CD21 / CD21 / CD81, the first rectangular parallelepiped 6 represents CD40, the second rectangular parallelepiped 8 represents CD80 / 86 and the third rectangular parallelepiped 9 represents an MHC class II molecule-antigen peptide complex, and the third cube 7 represents an antigen; the fourth rectangular parallelepiped 11 on the second sphere 10 represents CD40L, the fifth rectangular parallelepiped 12 represents CD28, the second L-shaped body 14 represents CD4, the sixth rectangular parallelepiped 13 represents a TCR-CD3 complex, and the boss structure 15 represents a cytokine;

[0039] Before the teaching model is demonstrated, all the detachable connected parts are removed, and the boss structure 15 is inserted into the square groove of the second sphere 10. The demonstration process is as follows:

[0040] The third cube 7 is connected to the Y-shaped body 2 on the first sphere 1. At this time, the first L-shaped body 3 is attracted by the third cube 7. This process indicates that the B cell membrane immunoglobulin, Igα, Igβ, CD 19 / CD21 / CD81 jointly participate in the recognition and internalization of the antigen, generating the first signal of B cell activation;

[0041] The second cuboid 8 and the first cuboid 6 are connected to the first sphere 1, indicating that the B cell expresses the processed MHC class II molecule-antigen peptide complex on the cell membrane and expresses CD80 / 86 on the cell membrane;

[0042] The sixth cuboid 13 on the second sphere 10 is snapped or plugged with the third cuboid 9, the second L-shaped body 14 is magnetically connected with the third cuboid 9, and the fifth cuboid 12 on the second sphere 10 is snapped or plugged with the second cuboid 8. This process indicates that the T cell recognizes the MHC class II molecule-antigen peptide complex through the TCR-CD3 complex and CD4, generating a first signal of T cell activation, and the T cell contacts the CD80 / 86 of the B cell through CD28 to obtain a second signal of T cell activation;

[0043] The fourth cuboid 11 is connected to the second sphere 10, and the fourth cuboid 11 is plugged or inserted into the first cuboid 6. This process indicates that the T cell expresses CD40L on the cell membrane, which binds to CD40 on the surface of the B cell to generate the second activation signal of the B cell;

[0044] Finally, the boss structure 15 in the square groove of the second sphere 10 is taken out and inserted into the square groove 17 on the first sphere 1. This process indicates that T cells secrete cytokines, which, after binding to the corresponding receptors on the surface of B cells, assist the differentiation and proliferation of B cells. This is the process of mutual activation between B cells and T cells.

[0045] The utility model can transform abstract theoretical knowledge into an intuitive teaching aid model, can enable learners to learn relevant content more vividly, is helpful for learners' understanding, and is beneficial for lecturers' teaching.

[0046] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the technology may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A teaching model of mutual activation of B cells and T cells, characterized in that: It includes a first sphere, a Y-shaped body, a first L-shaped body, a first cube, a second cube, a first cuboid, a third cube, a second cuboid, a third cuboid, a second sphere, a fourth cuboid, a fifth cuboid, a sixth cuboid, a second L-shaped body and a boss structure; the Y-shaped body, the first cube, the second cube, the first cuboid and the first sphere are fixedly connected, a groove is provided on the side of the Y-shaped body on the first sphere, and the first L-shaped body is hinged in the groove; the third cube and the Y-shaped body are detachably connected; the second cuboid, the third cuboid and the first sphere are detachably connected; a square groove is provided on the first sphere; The fifth cuboid and the sixth cuboid are fixedly connected to the second sphere; a groove is provided on the second sphere, located below the sixth cuboid, and the second L-shaped body is hinged in the groove; a square groove is provided on the top of the second sphere, and the boss structure can be inserted into the square groove; the fourth cuboid and the second sphere are detachably connected.

2. The teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cuboid and the fourth cuboid are connected by snap-fitting or plugging.

3. The teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second cuboid and the fifth cuboid are connected by snap-fitting or plug-fitting.

4. The teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third cuboid and the sixth cuboid are connected by snap-fitting or plug-fitting.

5. The teaching aid model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detachable connection is a threaded connection or a bayonet connection.

6. The teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third cube is magnetically connected to the first L-shaped body.

7. The teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third cuboid is magnetically connected to the second L-shaped body.

8. The teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first L-shaped body and the second L-shaped body are made of magnetic materials.

9. The teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boss structure and the square groove are clearance fit or transition fit.

10. The teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surfaces of the first sphere, the Y-shaped body, the first L-shaped body, the first cuboid, the second cuboid and the third cuboid are coated with green fuel, and the surfaces of the second sphere, the fourth cuboid, the fifth cuboid, the sixth cuboid and the second L-shaped body are coated with yellow fuel.

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