Piston engine, generator set and mobile carrier
By combining the internal combustion cylinder with the steam cylinder in the piston engine, and using the heat exchanger for heat recovery and secondary heat exchange, the problem of low thermal efficiency of the piston engine is solved, and high-efficiency heat conversion and energy utilization are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420584822.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-25
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-03-25
AI Technical Summary
The thermal efficiency of the piston engine is low, and the prior art is difficult to effectively recover the heat emitted by the engine cylinder wall, resulting in high energy loss.
The internal combustion cylinder and steam cylinder design is adopted to recover the heat from the cylinder wall through the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger to form high-temperature and high-pressure steam, push the steam piston to do work, and perform secondary heat exchange in the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger and the steam cylinder heat exchanger. Further improve thermal efficiency.
It significantly improves the thermal efficiency of the piston engine, reduces energy losses, and improves the economics of the engine.
Smart Images
Figure CN222276790U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application belongs to the field of thermal engine technology, and specifically, relates to a piston engine, a generator set and a mobile vehicle. Background Art
[0002] A piston engine, also called a reciprocating engine, is an engine that uses one or more pistons to convert pressure into rotational kinetic energy. A piston engine is a type of heat engine that is powered by fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and methanol. A piston engine is mainly composed of a cylinder, a piston, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a valve mechanism, etc. Most piston engines are four-stroke engines, that is, one cylinder completes a working cycle, and the piston goes through four strokes in the cylinder, which are the intake stroke, compression stroke, expansion stroke, and exhaust stroke.
[0003] The thermal efficiency of an engine refers to the ratio of the heat converted into mechanical work to the heat consumed. Thermal efficiency is an important indicator for measuring the technical level and economy of an engine. The heat loss of a piston engine is high, and its thermal efficiency is only 20%-30%. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the thermal efficiency of a piston engine. Utility Model Content
[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a piston engine, a generator set and a mobile vehicle to improve the technical problem of low thermal efficiency of the existing piston engine.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by this application to solve the above technical problems is:
[0006] A piston engine, characterized in that it includes: an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, which is sleeved on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder, the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is preset with a heat exchange medium to recover the heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder, and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is provided with an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet; a steam cylinder, which is provided with a steam inlet, and the steam inlet is connected to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet; the intake, compression, work and exhaust strokes of the internal combustion engine correspond to the vacuum work, expansion work, vacuum work and expansion work strokes of the steam cylinder respectively.
[0007] Furthermore, the piston engine further comprises an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger, the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger comprises an exhaust gas channel and a medium channel; the exhaust gas channel comprises an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet, the exhaust gas inlet is connected to the exhaust port of the internal combustion cylinder, and the exhaust gas outlet is connected to the atmosphere;
[0008] The medium channel comprises a medium inlet and a medium outlet, wherein the medium inlet is communicated with an air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, and the medium outlet is communicated with the steam air inlet.
[0009] Furthermore, a steam chamber is formed between the upper surface of the steam piston in the steam cylinder and the steam cylinder, and a condensation port is provided at at least part of the stroke position of the steam piston, and the condensation port is connected to the medium inlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger and / or the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger.
[0010] Further, the piston engine further comprises a first circulation pump, the first circulation pump being connected to the condensation port and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger to pump the heat exchange medium cooled after work in the steam cylinder into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger;
[0011] And / or, the piston engine further comprises a condenser, wherein the condenser is connected to the condensation port and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger so as to condense the heat exchange medium cooled after doing work into a liquid medium.
[0012] Furthermore, the condensation port is located at or near the top of the steam chamber; and / or the condensation port is located at the bottom of the steam chamber.
[0013] Furthermore, the condensation port is provided with a switch valve.
[0014] Furthermore, the piston engine further comprises a steam cylinder heat exchanger, which is sleeved on the outer surface of the steam cylinder, and a heat exchange medium is preset in the steam cylinder heat exchanger to recover the heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder, and the steam cylinder heat exchanger is provided with a steam cylinder heat exchanger outlet;
[0015] The steam cylinder heat exchanger air outlet is in communication with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, and / or the steam cylinder heat exchanger air outlet is in communication with the medium inlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger.
[0016] Furthermore, the piston engine also includes a three-way catalytic converter, and both ends of the three-way catalytic converter are respectively connected to the exhaust port of the internal combustion cylinder and the exhaust gas inlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger, or, the two ends of the three-way catalytic converter are respectively connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger and the atmosphere.
[0017] Furthermore, under standard atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of the heat exchange medium is 50°C-150°C.
[0018] Furthermore, the heat exchange medium is fluoropentane, fluorohexane, fluoroheptane, fluorooctane, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, gasoline, fluorocarbon refrigerant, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant and water, or a mixture of water and the above substances.
[0019] Furthermore, the internal combustion cylinder and the steam cylinder of the piston engine are arranged in line or in a V-shape.
[0020] Furthermore, the piston engine also includes an internal combustion crankshaft and a steam crankshaft, the internal combustion piston in the internal combustion cylinder is connected to the internal combustion crankshaft; the steam piston in the steam cylinder is connected to the steam crankshaft.
[0021] Furthermore, the piston engine also includes a transmission, which includes an internal combustion input main shaft and an external combustion output secondary shaft. The internal combustion piston in the internal combustion cylinder is connected to the internal combustion input main shaft, and the steam piston in the steam cylinder is connected to the external combustion output secondary shaft. The transmission ratio of the transmission is greater than 1.
[0022] Furthermore, the steam cylinder includes a steam cylinder liner, a steam piston and an energy storage liner, wherein the steam piston is arranged in the steam cylinder liner, and the energy storage liner is arranged on the upper surface of the steam piston to absorb the impact pressure.
[0023] A generator set comprises a generator, the above-mentioned piston engine and a crankshaft, wherein the internal combustion piston, the steam piston and the generator in the above-mentioned piston engine are connected to the crankshaft.
[0024] A mobile vehicle comprises the above-mentioned generator set, and the generator set provides driving force or power for the mobile vehicle.
[0025] The mobile vehicle further includes a battery pack, a drive motor, wheels and a thermal element, wherein the thermal element is used to convert the braking energy of the wheels into thermal energy; the heat exchange medium exchanges heat with at least one of the battery pack, the drive motor, the generator and the thermal element.
[0026] Beneficial effects of this application:
[0027] 1. The piston engine claimed for protection in this application adopts a combination of an internal combustion cylinder and a steam cylinder. The heat on the cylinder liner of the internal combustion cylinder is recovered by setting an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure steam obtained after the heat exchange is introduced into the steam cylinder to drive the steam piston to do work. That is, the steam formed by recovering the heat emitted by the cylinder liner of the internal combustion cylinder drives the steam cylinder to do work, which greatly improves the thermal efficiency of the piston engine compared with the existing traditional piston engines.
[0028] 2. The present application also provides an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger to recover the heat in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion cylinder, and passes the steam obtained by heat exchange in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger into the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger for secondary heat exchange with the exhaust gas, and then passes the high-temperature and high-pressure steam obtained after the secondary heat exchange into the steam cylinder to push the steam piston to do work, which can further improve the thermal efficiency of the piston engine.
[0029] 3. The present application also provides a steam cylinder heat exchanger to recover the heat emitted by the cylinder liner of the steam cylinder, and the steam obtained by heat exchange in the steam cylinder heat exchanger is passed into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger or the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger for secondary heat exchange, and the steam finally obtained is passed into the steam cylinder to perform work, which can further improve the thermal efficiency of the piston engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a piston engine provided in this application;
[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of another piston engine provided by the present application;
[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of another piston engine provided by the present application;
[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of another piston engine provided by the present application;
[0035] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a steam cylinder provided in this application;
[0036] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a piston engine with two crankshafts provided in the present application;
[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a piston engine with a transmission provided in the present application.
[0038] Marking Description:
[0039] 100-internal combustion cylinder; 110-exhaust port; 120-internal combustion piston; 121-flexible seal; 122-piston plate; 123-steam cylinder sleeve; 200-steam cylinder; 210-steam air inlet; 220-steam piston; 300-internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger; 310-internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet; 400-exhaust gas medium heat exchanger; 411-exhaust gas inlet; 412-exhaust gas outlet; 421 - medium inlet; 422 - medium outlet; 230 - condensation port; 500 - steam cylinder heat exchanger; 510 - steam cylinder heat exchanger outlet; 600 - three-way catalytic converter; 700 - generator; 800 - crankshaft; 810 - internal combustion crankshaft; 820 - steam crankshaft; 830 - internal combustion input main shaft; 840 - steam output secondary shaft; 850 - driving gear; 860 - driven gear; 221 - energy storage bushing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0040] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the utility model, the utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the utility model, and the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.
[0041] It should be noted that: unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by technicians in the technical field of the present invention. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. Similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. At the same time, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0042] First, as Figure 1 As shown (the straight arrows in the figure indicate the flow direction of the heat exchange medium), Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a piston engine provided by the present application. In this embodiment, a piston engine is provided, which includes an internal combustion cylinder 100, an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 and a steam cylinder 200. The internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is sleeved on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder 100. The internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is preset with a heat exchange medium to recover the heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder 100. The internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is provided with an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet 310. The steam cylinder 200 is provided with a steam inlet 210, and the steam inlet 210 is connected to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet 310, so that the steam obtained after heat exchange is passed into the steam cylinder 200 to perform work.
[0043] In the above implementation process, the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is sleeved on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder 100, recovering the heat lost by the cylinder sleeve of the internal combustion cylinder 100 to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure steam. The internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet 310 of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is connected with the steam inlet 210 of the steam cylinder 200, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure steam obtained by recovering the heat of the cylinder sleeve is passed into the steam cylinder 200 to perform work, converting thermal energy into kinetic energy.
[0044] The utility model can collect the heat energy on the cylinder liner after the internal combustion cylinder 100 does work by arranging an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder 100, thereby reducing the heat loss of the traditional engine when it is working in the prior art. With the arrangement of the steam cylinder 200, the collected heat energy can be converted into the kinetic energy of the steam cylinder 200. The steam cylinder 200 is driven by the heat energy collected when the internal combustion cylinder 100 is working, which improves the thermal efficiency, reduces the energy loss, and greatly improves the overall economy of the piston engine.
[0045] It should be understood that the internal combustion cylinder 100 is a fuel cylinder, and work is performed by the combustion of fuel such as diesel, gasoline, and methanol. On the basis that the internal combustion cylinder 100 is a fuel cylinder, it performs work by pushing the internal combustion piston 120 in the internal combustion cylinder 100 to perform work through the combustion of fuel. At this time, the temperature of the cylinder liner of the internal combustion cylinder 100 is relatively high, which can make the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 more efficiently collect the heat emitted by the cylinder liner of the internal combustion cylinder 100. Therefore, the internal combustion cylinder 100 includes four strokes, namely intake, compression, power, and exhaust.
[0046] It should be understood that the steam cylinder 200 is an external combustion cylinder, and the high-temperature and high-pressure steam obtained by recovering heat from the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is passed into the steam cylinder 200 to drive the steam piston 220 to do work. Therefore, the steam cylinder 200 includes two strokes, namely expansion work and vacuum work. The so-called expansion work refers to the high-temperature and high-pressure steam passing into the steam cylinder 200, pushing the steam piston 220 to move downward, and driving the crankshaft 800 to rotate. The so-called vacuum work refers to the high-temperature and high-pressure steam in the steam cylinder 200 pushing the steam piston 220 to do work and then partially or completely condensing into liquid, so a vacuum is generated in the steam cylinder 200, and the piston has a tendency to move upward under the action of atmospheric pressure. The piston returns to the highest point again, and the steam cylinder 200 enters the next expansion work stroke.
[0047] Optionally, the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is sleeved on the outer surface of the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder 100, and cooperates with the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder 100 to form a medium cavity for accommodating the heat exchange medium. Alternatively, the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is provided with a spiral pipe for accommodating the heat exchange medium, and the spiral pipe is arranged spirally around the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder 100.
[0048] In a possible implementation, Figure 2 As shown (the straight arrows in the figure indicate the flow direction of exhaust gas and heat exchange medium), Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another piston engine provided by the present application. The piston engine also includes an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, and the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 includes an exhaust gas channel and a medium channel. The exhaust gas channel includes an exhaust gas inlet 411 and an exhaust gas outlet 412. The exhaust gas inlet 411 is connected to the exhaust port 110 of the internal combustion cylinder 100, and the exhaust gas outlet 412 is connected to the atmosphere. The medium channel includes a medium inlet 421 and a medium outlet 422. The medium inlet 421 is connected to the outlet 310 of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, and the medium outlet 422 is connected to the steam inlet 210.
[0049] In the above implementation process, the heat loss of the internal combustion cylinder 100 is mainly the heat brought out by the exhaust gas in addition to the heat dissipated by the cylinder liner. The present application sets up an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, and the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion cylinder 100 is introduced into the exhaust gas channel through the exhaust gas inlet 411 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400. At the same time, the steam obtained by heat exchange in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is introduced into the medium channel of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 through the medium inlet 421, and performs secondary heat exchange with the exhaust gas. The steam after the secondary heat exchange is introduced into the steam cylinder 200 to do work.
[0050] It can be seen that the present application further recovers and utilizes the heat in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion cylinder 100 by providing the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, thereby further improving the thermal efficiency of the piston engine.
[0051] Optionally, the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 may be a direct contact heat exchanger, an energy storage heat exchanger, or a partition heat exchanger, preferably a primary surface heat exchanger.
[0052] In a possible implementation, a steam chamber is formed between the upper surface of the steam piston 220 in the steam cylinder 200 and the steam cylinder 200 , and a condensation port 230 is provided at at least a portion of the travel position of the steam piston 220 .
[0053] In the above implementation process, after the high-temperature and high-pressure steam pushes the steam piston 220 to do work, it is partially or completely condensed into a liquid state. At the same time, the steam piston 220 moves to the bottom of the condensation port 230. In the process of the steam piston 220 moving upward, the heat exchange medium cooled after doing work is discharged from the steam cylinder 200 through the condensation port 230.
[0054] In a possible implementation manner, the condensation port 230 is in communication with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 .
[0055] In the above implementation process, the condensation port 230 is connected to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, and the heat exchange medium cooled after doing work can be recovered into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 through the condensation port 230. The heat of the cylinder liner of the internal combustion cylinder 100 recovered by the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 can be re-gasified to form steam and enter the steam cylinder 200 again to do work, thereby realizing the circulation of the heat exchange medium between the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 and the steam cylinder 200.
[0056] In a possible implementation manner, the condensation port 230 is communicated with the medium inlet 421 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 .
[0057] In the above implementation process, the condensation port 230 is connected to the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, and the heat exchange medium cooled after doing work is recovered into the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 through the condensation port 230. The heat of the exhaust gas in the internal combustion cylinder 100 is recovered through the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, and the secondary heat exchange forms high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which enters the steam cylinder 200 again to do work, thereby realizing the circulation of the heat exchange medium between the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 and the steam cylinder 200.
[0058] Optionally, the condensation port 230 may be connected only to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 , may be connected only to the medium inlet 421 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 , or may be connected to the medium inlets of both the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 and the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 .
[0059] In a possible embodiment, the piston engine further includes a first circulation pump, which connects the condensation port 230 with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 to drive the heat exchange medium cooled after work in the steam cylinder 200 to be pumped into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300.
[0060] In the above implementation process, since the heat exchange medium cooled after work is in a liquid state or a gas-liquid mixed state with a low pressure, the efficiency of naturally flowing from the condensation port 230 into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is low. Therefore, a first circulation pump is arranged on the passage between the condensation port 230 and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, and an external force is applied to drive the heat exchange medium to be recovered from the condensation port 230 to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, thereby improving the overall circulation efficiency.
[0061] In a possible implementation, the piston engine further includes a condenser, which is connected to the condensation port 230 and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 to condense the heat exchange medium cooled after work into a liquid medium.
[0062] In the above implementation process, after the steam pushes the steam piston 220 in the steam cylinder 200 to do work, the steam may be completely cooled into liquid, or partially cooled into liquid, while the other part is still in gaseous state. A condenser is arranged between the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 and the condensation port 230 to condense the heat exchange medium which is still in gaseous state after expansion and work into liquid and then recover it into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300.
[0063] Specifically, the condensation port 230 , the condenser, the first circulation pump and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 are connected in sequence, the condenser condenses the heat exchange medium cooled after work into liquid, and the first circulation pump pumps the liquid heat exchange medium into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 .
[0064] In a possible implementation, the condensation port 230 is located at or near the top of the steam chamber, and at each stroke position of the steam piston 220, the condensation port 230 remains in communication with the steam chamber.
[0065] Optionally, a switch valve is provided in the condensation port 230 , and the switch valve opens after the steam pushes the steam piston 220 to do work.
[0066] In the above implementation process, after the steam pushes the steam piston 220 to move downward to the lower dead point, the steam remains as gas after cooling. At this time, the switch valve is opened. As the steam piston 220 moves upward, the cooled gaseous heat exchange medium enters the condenser through the switch valve under the action of the first circulation pump for condensation.
[0067] In a possible implementation, at least part of the condensation port 230 is located at or near the bottom of the cylinder liner of the steam chamber, and at a partial stroke position of the steam piston 220, the condensation port 230 is connected to the steam chamber.
[0068] In the above implementation process, the steam pushes the steam piston 220 to do work and then cools down to liquid, which remains on the upper surface of the steam piston 220. When the steam piston 220 moves to the bottom, the condensation port 230 is connected to the steam chamber, and the liquid heat exchange medium and the gaseous heat exchange medium flow out of the condensation port 230 naturally or under the action of the first circulation pump.
[0069] Optionally, at least two condensation ports 230 are provided on the steam cylinder 200 in the present application, namely a first condensation port and a second condensation port. The first condensation port is provided at the bottom of the steam cylinder 200. When the steam piston 220 in the steam cylinder 200 moves to the lower dead point, the first condensation port is connected to the steam chamber, and the first condensation port is used to guide the heat exchange medium cooled to liquid out of the steam cylinder 200. The second condensation port is provided at the top of the steam cylinder 200. The second condensation port is always connected to the steam chamber, and the second condensation port is used to guide the gaseous heat exchange medium out of the steam cylinder 200.
[0070] In a possible implementation, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown (the straight arrows in the figure indicate the flow direction of exhaust gas and heat exchange medium), Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of another piston engine provided in this application, Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of another piston engine provided by the present application, wherein the piston engine further comprises a steam cylinder heat exchanger 500, which is sleeved on the outer surface of the steam cylinder 200, and a heat exchange medium is preset in the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 to recover the heat emitted from the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200, and the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 comprises a steam cylinder heat exchanger gas outlet 510. The steam cylinder heat exchanger gas outlet 510 is connected to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, and / or the steam cylinder heat exchanger gas outlet 510 is connected to the medium inlet 421 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400.
[0071] It should be understood that the steam cylinder heat exchanger outlet 510 may be connected only to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, may be connected only to the medium inlet 421 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, or may be connected to both the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 and the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400.
[0072] In the above implementation process, after the steam enters the steam cylinder 200, part of the energy is converted into mechanical energy by pushing the steam piston 220 to do work, and the other part of the energy is dissipated through the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200 in the form of heat. Therefore, the present application sets a steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 on the outer surface of the steam cylinder 200 to recycle the heat dissipated by the cylinder wall. After the heat exchange medium in the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 absorbs heat and evaporates into steam, the steam can be passed into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 for secondary heat exchange, or it can be directly passed into the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 for secondary heat exchange. It can be seen that the present application further improves the thermal efficiency of the piston engine by setting the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 to recover the heat dissipated by the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200.
[0073] Optionally, in an embodiment where a steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 is disposed outside the steam cylinder 200 , a portion of the heat exchange medium discharged from the condensation port 230 is recovered to the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 .
[0074] Optionally, the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 is sleeved on the outer surface of the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200, and cooperates with the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200 to form a medium cavity for accommodating the heat exchange medium. Alternatively, the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 is provided with a spiral pipe for accommodating the heat exchange medium, and the spiral pipe is spirally arranged around the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200.
[0075] In a possible implementation, at standard atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of the heat exchange medium is 50° C.-150° C.
[0076] In the above implementation process, a heat exchange medium with a boiling point of 50° C.-150° C. under standard atmospheric pressure is selected to facilitate the gasification of the heat exchange medium into steam.
[0077] Optionally, the heat exchange medium may be selected from fluoropentane, fluorohexane, fluoroheptane, fluorooctane, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, gasoline, fluorocarbon refrigerant, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant and water or a mixture of water and the above substances.
[0078] In a possible implementation, the intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes of the internal combustion engine correspond to the vacuum power, expansion power, vacuum power and expansion power strokes of the steam cylinder 200 in sequence.
[0079] In the above implementation process, the two strokes of the four strokes of the internal combustion cylinder 100 that require labor are powered by the steam cylinder 200.
[0080] The above-mentioned piston engine can be a two-cylinder engine, including only one group of internal combustion cylinders 100 and steam cylinders 200; it can also be a three-cylinder engine, a four-cylinder engine or a six-cylinder engine and other multi-cylinder engines in the prior art. When the piston engine is a three-cylinder engine, a four-cylinder engine or a six-cylinder engine and other multi-cylinder engines in the prior art, the piston engine includes at least one group of internal combustion cylinders 100 and steam cylinders 200, and the other cylinders of the piston engine can be fuel cylinders that perform work through fuel. Preferably, when the piston engine is a four-cylinder engine, the four-cylinder engine includes two groups of internal combustion cylinders 100 and steam cylinders 200, when the piston engine is a six-cylinder engine, the six-cylinder engine includes three groups of internal combustion cylinders 100 and steam cylinders 200, or the six-cylinder engine includes two internal combustion cylinders 100 and four steam cylinders 200.
[0081] In a possible implementation, the internal combustion cylinder 100 and the steam cylinder 200 of the piston engine are arranged in line, in a V-shaped arrangement, or in a W-shaped arrangement.
[0082] Specifically, when the piston engine includes one internal combustion cylinder 100 and two steam cylinders 200 , the two steam cylinders 200 are arranged in line with one internal combustion cylinder 100 , or the two steam cylinders 200 and one internal combustion cylinder 100 are arranged on both sides of the crankshaft 800 .
[0083] Optionally, the piston engine includes three internal combustion cylinders 100 and three steam cylinders 200, which can be arranged in a V-shape, specifically, two internal combustion cylinders 100 and one steam cylinder 200 are located on one side of the crankshaft 800, and the steam cylinder 200 is located between the two internal combustion cylinders 100; the other two steam cylinders 200 and one internal combustion cylinder 100 are located on the other side of the crankshaft 800, and the internal combustion cylinder 100 is located between the two steam cylinders 200. When the cylinder diameter of the steam cylinder 200 is smaller than the cylinder diameter of the internal combustion cylinder 100, this arrangement can effectively save space.
[0084] In a possible implementation, Figure 2-4 As shown, the above-mentioned piston engine also includes a three-way catalytic converter 600, and both ends of the three-way catalytic converter 600 are respectively connected to the exhaust port 110 of the internal combustion cylinder 100 and the exhaust gas inlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, or, the two ends of the three-way catalytic converter 600 are respectively connected to the exhaust gas outlet 412 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 and the atmosphere.
[0085] In the above implementation process, the exhaust gas is purified by the three-way catalytic converter 600 before being discharged into the atmosphere, and harmful gases such as CO, HC and NOx in the exhaust gas are converted into harmless carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen through oxidation and reduction.
[0086] In a possible implementation, Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5A structural schematic diagram of a steam cylinder provided in the present application, the steam cylinder 200 includes a steam cylinder liner 123, the steam piston 220 includes a flexible sealing body 121 and a piston plate 122, the flexible sealing body 121 includes a first port and a second port that are interconnected, the first port is sealed and connected to the bottom of the steam cylinder liner 123, the second port is sealed and connected to the piston plate 122, and the piston plate 122 is connected to the crankshaft 800 through a connecting rod mechanism.
[0087] In the above implementation process, the flexible sealing body 121 and the piston plate 122 are used to form the steam piston 220, so that there is no contact between the steam piston 220 and the steam cylinder sleeve 123, thereby avoiding the friction between the steam piston 220 and the steam cylinder 200, which can reduce the lubrication requirements of the piston engine and improve the efficiency of the piston engine.
[0088] It should be understood that the flexible sealing body 121 has retractability and sealing properties. The retractability of the flexible sealing body 121 may be caused by the material properties of the flexible sealing body 121 itself, such as the elasticity of the flexible sealing body 121, or by the structural properties of the flexible sealing body 121 itself, such as the flexible sealing body 121 being a foldable and retractable structure.
[0089] Optionally, the flexible sealing body 121 can be made of materials such as polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluororubber, nylon, polyethylene, and polyetherketone.
[0090] In a possible implementation, the steam cylinder 200 includes a steam cylinder liner 123, and the inner wall of the steam cylinder liner 123 is coated with a lubricating coating.
[0091] In the above implementation process, coating the lubricating coating on the inner wall of the steam cylinder liner 123 can reduce the friction between the steam piston 220 and the steam cylinder liner 123, thereby reducing the lubrication requirements of the piston engine and improving the efficiency of the piston engine.
[0092] Optionally, the side surface of the steam piston 220, ie, the surface in contact with the steam cylinder liner 123, is coated with a lubricating coating.
[0093] Optionally, the lubricating coating may be a Teflon coating, a Babbitt alloy, a ceramic film, a polytetrafluoroethylene coating, a nylon coating or other material capable of performing a lubricating function.
[0094] Optionally, the operating parameters of one of the above piston engines are as follows: 2000 rpm, the steam engine is a two-stroke, and it opens and closes 33 times per second. The cylinder volume after full expansion is 1375ml, and if it is divided into two cylinders, the single cylinder is 685ml. The normal 1.0T engine has a power per liter of 80kW. This application adopts the Atkinson cycle or Miller cycle, naturally aspirated lean compression ignition, and reduced speed to sacrifice power density to improve efficiency, and reduces the power per liter to 20kW. The main internal combustion cylinder 100 has a displacement of 500cc, then the power is 10kW, the efficiency range is 35%-50%, and specifically the efficiency is 35%. The total thermal power is 28.6kW, and the total loss of friction, exhaust loss, and cylinder liner cooling is about 18.6kW. The working fluid absorbs heat of 15kW, and the effective work of expansion is about 8kW. The internal and external cycles do a total of 18kW, and the system thermal efficiency is 72%. The motor efficiency is 97%, and the system power generation efficiency is 68%. Assuming the piston stroke is x, the area of the internal combustion cylinder 100 is 500 / x; the area of the steam cylinder 200 is 1375 / x or 685 / x.
[0095] In one possible implementation, the internal combustion piston 120 in the internal combustion cylinder 100 and the steam piston 220 in the steam cylinder 200 are connected to the same crankshaft 800 .
[0096] When the steam piston 220 in the steam cylinder 200 reciprocates at high speed, the liquid heat exchange medium in the steam cylinder 200 may produce water hammer under the high-speed reciprocating motion of the steam piston 220, thereby damaging the structure of the steam piston 220 and shortening the service life of the steam cylinder 200 and the steam piston 220. Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, the present application adopts the following solution.
[0097] In a possible implementation, Figure 6 As shown, the piston engine includes an internal combustion crankshaft 810 and a steam crankshaft 820 . The internal combustion piston 120 in the internal combustion cylinder 100 is connected to the internal combustion crankshaft 810 ; and the steam piston 220 in the steam cylinder 200 is connected to the steam crankshaft 820 .
[0098] In the above implementation process, the internal combustion piston 120 and the steam piston 220 are respectively connected to different crankshafts. The internal combustion crankshaft 810 and the steam crankshaft 820 can be respectively connected to a generator 700 to output electrical energy respectively. The rotation speed of the steam crankshaft 820 can be controlled below 600r / min, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of water hammer.
[0099] In a possible implementation, Figure 7As shown, the piston engine also includes a transmission, which includes an internal combustion input main shaft 830 and a steam output secondary shaft 840. The internal combustion piston 120 in the internal combustion cylinder 100 is connected to the internal combustion input main shaft 830, and the steam piston 220 in the steam cylinder 200 is connected to the steam output secondary shaft 840. The transmission ratio of the transmission is greater than 1.
[0100] In the above implementation process, a transmission is used to reduce the rotation speed of the steam output secondary shaft 840, thereby reducing the frequency of the reciprocating movement of the steam piston 220, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of water hammer.
[0101] Optionally, the transmission further includes a driving gear 850 and a driven gear 860 meshing with each other, wherein the driving gear 850 is fixed on the internal combustion input main shaft 830 , and the driven gear 860 is fixed on the steam output secondary shaft 840 .
[0102] Optionally, a generator is connected to the steam output secondary shaft 840 to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy output.
[0103] In a possible implementation, an energy storage bushing 221 is disposed on the upper surface of the steam piston 220 , and the energy storage bushing 221 is used to absorb impact pressure.
[0104] Specifically, the energy storage bushing 221 may be made of fiber-based composite materials or engineering plastics and other materials that can absorb impact pressure.
[0105] It can be seen that an energy storage bushing 221 is provided on the upper surface of the steam piston 220. When water hammer occurs, the energy storage bushing 221 absorbs the impact pressure of the water hammer, thereby protecting the structure of the steam piston 220 from damage.
[0106] In the second aspect, the present application also provides a generator set, which includes a generator 700, a piston engine as described in any embodiment of the first aspect, and a crankshaft 800, wherein the internal combustion piston, steam piston and generator 700 in the piston engine are connected to the crankshaft 800.
[0107] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a mobile vehicle, the mobile vehicle comprising the generator set described in the second aspect, the mobile vehicle providing driving force through the generator set. The mobile vehicle may be a vehicle, a ship, an aircraft, etc.
[0108] In a possible embodiment, the mobile vehicle further includes a battery pack, a drive motor, wheels, a control device and a thermal element; the generator 700 group is electrically connected to the control device, the control device is electrically connected to the battery pack and the drive motor respectively, the electricity generated by the generator 700 group is supplied to the battery pack and the drive motor respectively through the control device, the battery pack is electrically connected to the drive motor, and is used to provide electrical energy to the drive motor; the drive motor is connected to the wheel, and is used to drive the wheel to rotate and provide braking resistance for the wheel; the thermal element is respectively connected to the control device and the piston engine, and is used to convert the braking energy of the wheel into thermal energy to heat the intake air of the steam cylinder 200.
[0109] Specifically, the above-mentioned mobile vehicle also includes a thermal element heat exchanger, which is arranged around the thermal element, and the thermal element heat exchanger includes a thermal element heat exchange inlet and a thermal element heat exchange outlet. The thermal element heat exchange inlet is connected to the outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger or the medium outlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger, and the thermal element heat exchange outlet is connected to the steam inlet 210.
[0110] It can be seen that the present application uses thermal elements to convert the braking energy of the mobile vehicle into thermal energy, heats the steam entering the steam cylinder 200, and recovers the braking energy of the mobile vehicle, which can reduce energy waste and improve the cruising range of the mobile vehicle and the power performance of the entire vehicle.
[0111] In order to make the present application safe and reliable, the heating element of the present application is made of high temperature resistant material, can be used in high temperature environment, and is not easily damaged. The heating element can be a quartz heating element or a ceramic heating element, etc. The ceramic material is any one of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide or a combination thereof.
[0112] Optionally, the battery pack, generator 700 and other components that generate waste heat are each equipped with a heat exchanger to recover the waste heat generated by them. The heat exchange medium discharged from the condensation port of the steam cylinder 200 flows through the heat exchanger in order from low to high temperature to recover the waste heat generated by the above components and further improve the thermal efficiency.
[0113] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should also be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be based on the scope of protection of the claims.
[0114] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.
Claims
1. A piston engine, characterized in that: include: Internal combustion cylinder; An internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is sleeved on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder, a heat exchange medium is preset in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger to recover the heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder, and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is provided with an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger outlet; A steam cylinder having a steam inlet, the steam inlet being in communication with the outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger; The intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes of the internal combustion engine correspond to the vacuum work, expansion work, vacuum work and expansion work strokes of the steam cylinder respectively.
2. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger, the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger including an exhaust gas channel and a medium channel; The exhaust gas passage comprises an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet, wherein the exhaust gas inlet is connected to the exhaust port of the internal combustion cylinder, and the exhaust gas outlet is connected to the atmosphere; The medium channel comprises a medium inlet and a medium outlet, wherein the medium inlet is communicated with an air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, and the medium outlet is communicated with the steam air inlet.
3. The piston engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A steam chamber is formed between the upper surface of the steam piston in the steam cylinder and the steam cylinder, and a condensation port is provided at at least part of the stroke position of the steam piston, and the condensation port is connected to the medium inlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger and / or the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger.
4. The piston engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The piston engine further comprises a first circulation pump, the first circulation pump being connected to the condensation port and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger to pump the heat exchange medium cooled after work in the steam cylinder into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger; And / or, the piston engine further comprises a condenser, wherein the condenser is connected to the condensation port and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger so as to condense the heat exchange medium cooled after doing work into a liquid medium.
5. The piston engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The condensation port is located at or near the top of the steam chamber; and / or, The condensation port is located at the lower part of the steam chamber; Preferably, the condensation port is provided with a switch valve.
6. The piston engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a steam cylinder heat exchanger, which is sleeved on the outer surface of the steam cylinder, and a heat exchange medium is preset in the steam cylinder heat exchanger to recover the heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder, and the steam cylinder heat exchanger is provided with a steam cylinder heat exchanger outlet; The steam cylinder heat exchanger outlet is in communication with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, and / or the steam cylinder heat exchanger outlet is in communication with the medium inlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger.
7. The piston engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a three-way catalytic converter, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the exhaust port of the internal combustion cylinder and the exhaust gas inlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger, or the two ends of the three-way catalytic converter are respectively connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger and the atmosphere.
8. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that Under standard atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of the heat exchange medium is 50°C-150°C.
9. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal combustion cylinder and the steam cylinder of the piston engine are arranged in line or in a V-shape.
10. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The steam cylinder includes a steam cylinder liner and a steam piston, the steam piston includes a flexible sealing body and a piston plate, the flexible sealing body includes a first port and a second port that are interconnected, the first port is sealed and connected to the bottom of the steam cylinder liner, the second port is sealed and connected to the piston plate, and the piston plate is connected to the crankshaft through a connecting rod mechanism.
11. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The piston engine further comprises an internal combustion crankshaft and a steam crankshaft, the internal combustion piston in the internal combustion cylinder is connected to the internal combustion crankshaft; the steam piston in the steam cylinder is connected to the steam crankshaft; or, The piston engine also includes a transmission, which includes an internal combustion input main shaft and an external combustion output secondary shaft. The internal combustion piston in the internal combustion cylinder is connected to the internal combustion input main shaft, and the steam piston in the steam cylinder is connected to the external combustion output secondary shaft. The transmission ratio of the transmission is greater than 1.
12. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that The steam cylinder comprises a steam cylinder liner, a steam piston and an energy storage bushing. The steam piston is arranged in the steam cylinder liner. The energy storage bushing is arranged on the upper surface of the steam piston for absorbing impact pressure.
13. A generator set, characterized in that: It comprises a generator, a piston engine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12 and a crankshaft, wherein the internal combustion piston, the steam piston and the generator in the piston engine as claimed in claims 1 to 12 are connected to the crankshaft.
14. A mobile vehicle, characterized in that: Including the generator set as described in claim 13, the mobile vehicle is provided with driving force or power supply for the mobile vehicle through the generator set.
15. The mobile vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that: It also includes a battery pack, a drive motor, a wheel, and a thermal element, wherein the thermal element is used to convert the braking energy of the wheel into thermal energy; The heat exchange medium exchanges heat with at least one of the battery pack, the drive motor, the generator, and the thermal element.