Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system
By using a first cell with a non-porous sheet-like structure and a second cell with a hole in the photovoltaic module, using different colors and optical effects to form a variety of patterns, the power reduction and color reduction of existing photovoltaic modules after coloring can be solved. The problem of limited adjustment range achieves efficient pattern design and aesthetic effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422672176.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-04
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-04
AI Technical Summary
When existing photovoltaic modules are colored or patterned using cell color, they will cause sunlight to absorb or reflect, reduce power, and the color adjustable range is limited, making it difficult to meet the needs of diverse pattern designs.
The first cell with a non-porous sheet structure and the second cell with multiple holes have the hole depth and thickness direction. The different colors or optical effects are displayed by incident sunlight to achieve a variety of pattern designs, while ensuring photoelectric conversion. efficiency.
Under the conditions of ensuring the power of photovoltaic modules, a variety of pattern design is achieved, which increases the aesthetic sense, conveys cultural information, and optimizes the light reflection and refraction effect to avoid power drop.
Smart Images
Figure CN222282026U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] At least one embodiment of the utility model relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a photovoltaic component and a photovoltaic system. Background Art
[0002] The current mainstream color difference and light and dark difference photovoltaic modules generally adopt coloring measures or use the color of the cell itself for pattern design. On the one hand, the color after coloring will absorb / reflect a large amount of sunlight, resulting in a significant decrease in the power of the photovoltaic module. On the other hand, the adjustable range of cell color is relatively small (mainly the silicon chip color system), which is difficult to meet the diverse pattern design of the module. Utility Model Content
[0003] In view of this, in order to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the utility model provides a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system to achieve various pattern designs of the photovoltaic module under the condition of ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
[0005] According to an embodiment of one aspect of the utility model, a photovoltaic module is provided, comprising: a battery pack and a packaging structure located on both sides of the battery pack; the battery pack comprises at least one first battery cell and at least one second battery cell electrically connected, the first battery cell is a non-porous sheet structure; the second battery cell has a plurality of holes, the depth direction of the holes is consistent with the thickness direction of the second battery cell, so as to display a color different from the first battery cell based on incident sunlight.
[0006] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a photovoltaic system is provided, including the photovoltaic assembly described above.
[0007] According to the photovoltaic module provided by the above-mentioned embodiment of the utility model, the first cell sheet is a non-porous sheet structure, and the second cell sheet has multiple holes along the thickness direction, so that the first cell sheet and the second cell sheet present different colors or different optical effects, and the multiple first cell sheets and the multiple second cell sheets can form patterns respectively, or the colors of the multiple first cell sheets and the multiple second cell sheets can be matched to display a predetermined pattern. While realizing power generation, it can also be used to convey cultural information, increase the beauty of the photovoltaic module, and realize the anti-glare effect of the photovoltaic module, and different reflection and refraction of light. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present utility model, rather than limiting the present utility model.
[0009] Figure 1 A schematic top view of a photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the utility model;
[0010] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of electrical connections of a photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the utility model; and
[0011] Figure 3 Another electrical connection diagram of a photovoltaic assembly provided by an embodiment of the utility model;
[0012] Description of reference numerals:
[0013] 1- the first battery cell;
[0014] 10- first battery string;
[0015] 2- the second battery cell;
[0016] 20- second battery string;
[0017] 30 - the third battery string. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0019] In the following detailed description, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, it is apparent that one or more embodiments may be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concepts of the present invention.
[0020] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "comprising" used herein indicates the existence of features, steps, operations, but does not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features.
[0021] In the case of using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", it should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning of the expression generally understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.). In the case of using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, or C, etc.", it should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning of the expression generally understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.).
[0022] The relative position between two components (such as film layers or regions) mentioned in the present invention, such as "above", "upper" or "above", may refer to the direct contact between the two components, or may refer to the indirect contact between the two components. Similarly, the relative position between two components mentioned in the present invention, such as "below", "lower" or "below", may refer to the direct contact between the two components, or may refer to the indirect contact between the two components. For example, when one of the components (such as a film layer or region) is referred to as "on another component", it can be directly on the other component, or there may be other components between the two. On the other hand, when a component is referred to as "directly on another component", there is no component between the two. In addition, when one of the components is referred to as "on another component", the two have an up-and-down relationship in the top-down direction, and this component may be above or below the other component, so this up-and-down relationship depends on the orientation of the device.
[0023] The utility model provides a photovoltaic component and a photovoltaic system, so as to realize various pattern designs of the photovoltaic component under the condition of ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic component.
[0024] Figure 1 A schematic top view of a photovoltaic assembly provided in an embodiment of the utility model.
[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the electrical connection of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the utility model.
[0026] According to an exemplary embodiment of the utility model, the utility model provides a photovoltaic assembly, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, including:
[0027] A battery pack and a packaging structure located on both sides of the battery pack;
[0028] The battery pack includes at least one first battery cell 1 and at least one second battery cell 2 which are electrically connected.
[0029] Among them, the first cell sheet 1 is a non-porous sheet structure, and the second cell sheet 2 has a plurality of holes, and the depth direction of the holes is consistent with the thickness direction of the second cell sheet 2, so as to display a different color from the first cell sheet 1 based on the incident sunlight. It should be understood that the first cell sheet 1 is a non-porous sheet structure here, relative to the second cell sheet 2, which is a perforated cell sheet. In other words, the second cell sheet has holes, and the holes are opened along the thickness direction of the cell sheet. The first cell sheet is not provided with such holes opened along the thickness direction of the cell sheet.
[0030] The first cell is a non-porous sheet structure, and the second cell has multiple holes along the thickness direction, so that the first cell and the second cell present different colors or different optical effects (such as transparency and opacity, brightness, blue and black, etc.). Multiple first cells and multiple second cells can form patterns respectively, or the colors of multiple first cells and multiple second cells are matched to display a predetermined pattern. While achieving power generation, it can also be used to convey cultural information, increase the beauty of photovoltaic modules, and achieve anti-glare effects on photovoltaic modules, different reflection and refraction of light, and other effects.
[0031] In some embodiments, the first cell 1 generates a photocurrent effect and can generate electrical energy by absorbing sunlight. The first cell 1 is a non-porous sheet structure, that is, the first cell 1 is a conventional cell, which usually appears blue.
[0032] In some embodiments, the type of the first cell 1 can be a double-sided heterojunction (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer, abbreviated as HJT) cell, a back contact heterojunction (Heterojunction Back Contact, abbreviated as HBC) cell, a hybrid HBC cell, such as a hybrid cell combined with TBC (TopCon-Back Contact)-HJT, etc.
[0033] In some embodiments, the second solar cell 2 can generate a photocurrent effect and generate electrical energy by absorbing sunlight.
[0034] In some embodiments, all holes on the second battery cell 2 are through holes, or all holes on the second battery cell 2 are blind holes, or some holes on the second battery cell 2 are through holes and some holes are blind holes.
[0035] In some embodiments, the holes on the second battery cell 2 are all through holes, that is, the holes on the second battery cell 2 are all through holes that penetrate the second battery cell 2 in the thickness direction. The second battery cell 2 with through holes appears translucent, so that the second battery cell 2 presents the effect of a translucent battery cell. Multiple second battery cells are combined together to present a part of the area on the photovoltaic module that is translucent, with good light transmittance and weak glare effects.
[0036] In some embodiments, the holes on the second cell sheet 2 are all blind holes, so that the incident sunlight is reflected multiple times in the holes, increasing the optical transmission path of the sunlight in the holes, increasing the absorption of sunlight, and reducing the light reflectivity, so that the color of the second cell sheet 2 appears black (extreme black). At this time, the photovoltaic module with such a second cell sheet 2 can be partially black, and the second cell sheet 2 can be used to splice a desired pattern.
[0037] In some embodiments, part of the holes on the second battery cell 2 are through holes that penetrate the second battery cell 2 in the thickness direction, and part of the holes are blind holes, so that the second battery cell 2 exhibits two colors that can be distinguished by the human eye, such as translucent and black, which are different from conventional battery cells. In this case, the two second battery cells on the conventional component can form a more complex and more aesthetically pleasing pattern or overall component effect. For example, multiple second battery cells can spell out two words in different colors.
[0038] In some embodiments, the hole on the second battery sheet 2 includes one of a cylindrical shape, a conical shape, and a truncated cone shape, or any combination thereof.
[0039] In some embodiments, the hole depth of the hole on the second cell 2 is greater than 20% of the thickness of the second cell 2, for example, it can be 21%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, but not limited to the values. If the hole depth of the second cell 2 is too small, the hole does not significantly increase the optical transmission path of the sunlight incident into the hole. The hole depth of the second cell 2 is greater than 20% of the thickness of the second cell 2. Such a setting can make the light trapping effect of the hole on the second cell 2 better, which is sufficient to compensate for the electrical performance loss of the second cell due to the punching, thereby making the current of the second cell 2 and the first cell 1 more matched and the color difference more obvious, and can reach a color difference that can be distinguished by the human eye.
[0040] In some embodiments, a plurality of holes along the thickness direction on the second battery sheet 2 may form a pattern, which can convey cultural information while achieving power generation.
[0041] In some embodiments, the second cell 2 includes a first type second cell and a second type second cell, and the first type second cell and the second type second cell have different reflectivities and / or refractive indices. The second cells with different reflectivities and / or refractive indices present different colors and light effects, and the combination of the second cells with different reflectivities and / or refractive indices can form a predetermined pattern, and can achieve technical effects such as low reflection, low glare, dark component effects, and different visual effects at different angles.
[0042] In some embodiments, the second battery cell has a first hole and a second hole, the hole depth of the first hole is greater than the hole depth of the second hole; and / or, the hole diameter of the first hole is greater than the hole diameter of the second hole; and / or, the hole wall inclination angle of the first hole is greater than the hole wall inclination angle of the second hole. The combination of different hole depths, hole diameters and hole wall inclination angles can present different light and dark, color, and glare effects. For example, a first hole with a hole depth of 40% of the thickness of the second battery cell is set on the left half of the battery cell, and a second hole with a hole depth of 80% of the thickness of the second battery cell is set on the right half. At this time, the color of the right half of the battery cell is darker than the left half. Preferably, the hole depth of the first hole is more than 1.2 times the hole depth of the second hole, and the light and dark contrast is more significant. For example, using this hole design, preset text can be presented on a certain battery cell.
[0043] In some embodiments, the battery pack includes at least two battery strings, and the first battery cell and the second battery cell are located in the same battery string. In this case, one battery string can present different colors and pattern effects.
[0044] In some embodiments, the battery pack includes at least two battery strings, the first battery cell is located in the first battery string, the second battery cell is located in the second battery string, and the first battery string is electrically connected or electrically isolated from the second battery string. When the first battery string is electrically connected to the second battery string, there is only one type of battery cell in one battery string, which is convenient for current matching and reduces current loss. When the first battery string is electrically isolated from the second battery string, the second battery string does not generate electricity and only exists as a fake piece that presents patterns and texts.
[0045] In some embodiments, the first battery cell and the second battery cell have different colors, and the first battery cell and the second battery cell form a pattern respectively. Or the first battery cell and the second battery cell are combined to form a pattern. That is, a plurality of first battery cells are arranged in a preset manner to display a predetermined pattern, or a plurality of second battery cells are arranged in a preset manner to display a predetermined pattern. Of course, the first battery cell and the second battery cell can also be combined to form a certain pattern or text.
[0046] refer to Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of second battery cells 2 are arranged to form a “T”-shaped structure. A plurality of first battery cells 1 are arranged around the “T”-shaped structure formed by the plurality of second battery cells 2 .
[0047] In some embodiments, the first cell 1 and the second cell 2 have different colors, and the colors of the plurality of first cells 1 and the plurality of second cells 2 are matched to display a predetermined pattern, and the first cell 1 and the second cell 2 can be flexibly and conveniently combined into different patterns and color effects. Specifically, the number and arrangement of the first cells 1 and the second cells 2 constituting the predetermined pattern are pre-designed, and the plurality of first cells 1 and the plurality of second cells 2 are arranged and assembled according to the pre-designed arrangement to form a photovoltaic module having a predetermined pattern. The photovoltaic module is set at locations such as the exterior wall and the roof of a building, which can convey cultural information and increase the beauty of the building while achieving power generation.
[0048] In some embodiments, the first solar cell 1 and the second solar cell 2 have the same shape and size, so as to maximize the effective power generation area when a plurality of first solar cells 1 and a plurality of second solar cells 2 are assembled to form a photovoltaic module.
[0049] In some embodiments, the surface of the second battery cell 2 is provided with a color different from the natural color of the second battery cell 2. In this case, by adding additional colors to the second battery cell, more diverse color effects and pattern arrangements can be achieved.
[0050] In some embodiments, the surface of the second cell 2 is color-designed, for example, at least one of red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and purple is coated on the light-facing surface of the second cell 2, so that the surface of the second cell 2 and the surface of the first cell 1 present a different color, and the colors of the plurality of first cells 1 and the plurality of second cells 2 are coordinated to display a predetermined pattern. The surface of the second cell 2 is provided with a color different from the original color of the second cell 2, so that the second cell 2 presents a color that the second cell 2 itself cannot present, which can further enrich the color effect of the pattern.
[0051] In some embodiments, the battery pack includes at least two battery strings, the average current of the at least two battery strings is A, the difference between the current of each battery string and the average current is X, and X is less than 30% of A. That is, the difference between the current of each battery string and the average current is less than 30% of the average current, wherein the average current is the average value of the currents of the at least two battery strings.
[0052] Mismatched electrical parameters between battery strings will cause the power of the entire photovoltaic module to drop, increase losses, and easily cause heating of the module due to current imbalance, reducing the life of the module. The ratio of the difference between the current of the battery string and the average current of at least two battery strings to the average current is controlled below 30%. This setting can reduce the current difference between each battery string, make the current more adaptable, and thus reduce current loss.
[0053] In some embodiments, the number of battery strings is at least two, at least two battery strings can be connected in parallel, and any two parallel battery strings contain the same number of battery cells. Such an arrangement can reduce the power loss caused by voltage mismatch between battery strings, and the risk of component fire caused by heat source formed by mismatch point.
[0054] Figure 3 Another electrical connection diagram of the photovoltaic assembly provided in an embodiment of the utility model.
[0055] refer to Figure 3 As shown, the number of battery strings is 3, including a first battery string 10, a second battery string 20, and a third battery string 30, wherein the first battery string 10 and the third battery string 30 are connected in parallel.
[0056] In some embodiments, the second cell 2 may be a non-working cell, for example, a dummy cell, that is, the second cell 2 does not generate a photocurrent effect and cannot absorb sunlight to generate electrical energy, and the second cell 2 is only used to match the color of the first cell 1 to display a predetermined pattern. The color of the second cell 2 is black or translucent.
[0057] In some embodiments, the light-facing surface of the second cell 2 can be colored according to actual design requirements, for example, by coating with paint. When the second cell 2 is a fake cell, coloring the second cell 2 can not only meet specific requirements, but also will not cause loss to the overall power of the photovoltaic module.
[0058] In some embodiments, a reflective layer is provided on the light-facing surface of the second cell 2 to reflect sunlight incident on the second cell 2 and be absorbed by the first cell 1, thereby increasing the light absorption rate of the first cell 1 and thereby increasing the optical power of the photovoltaic module.
[0059] In some embodiments, the reflective layer may be made of silicon nitride or other materials with high reflectivity.
[0060] In some embodiments, as the smallest constituent unit of a photovoltaic module, a cell having different colors is flexibly selected based on the graphic design requirements of the photovoltaic module, and a photovoltaic module having a predetermined pattern is formed by adjusting the arrangement of multiple cells of different colors.
[0061] In some embodiments, according to the color combination of the predetermined pattern, a plurality of first battery cells and a plurality of second battery cells are arranged and electrically connected to form a battery string group, a layer of back adhesive film is placed on the back plate, and the battery string group is stacked on the back adhesive film. Then, the front adhesive film and the front glass are stacked, and then placed in a laminator for lamination and packaging, and after cooling to room temperature, the assembly is formed.
[0062] In some embodiments, when the second cell is a fake cell, a color is set on the front glass plate to change the color of the light-facing surface of the second cell so that the light-facing surface of the second cell has a different color from that of the first cell.
[0063] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a junction box, and the battery string is electrically connected to the junction box to output the photocurrent generated by the battery string.
[0064] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model, the present utility model provides a photovoltaic system, including the above-mentioned photovoltaic assembly.
[0065] In some embodiments, the angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground is greater than or equal to 45°. When the photovoltaic module is installed at a large angle such as the exterior wall of a building or the roof, the hole of the second cell sheet has a good light trapping effect on the incident light (especially the large-angle incident light, the angle between the incident sunlight and the vertical line of the cell module is greater than 45°), which can play a good role in reducing glare and increasing the light incidence rate.
[0066] The ordinal numbers used in the specification and claims, such as "first", "second", "third", etc., to modify the corresponding elements, do not themselves mean that the elements have any ordinal numbers, nor do they represent the order of one element and another element, or the order in the manufacturing method. The use of these ordinal numbers is only used to clearly distinguish a component with a certain name from another component with the same name.
[0067] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: A battery pack and a packaging structure located on both sides of the battery pack; The battery pack includes at least one first battery cell and at least one second battery cell that are electrically connected, The first cell sheet is a non-porous sheet structure; the second cell sheet has a plurality of holes, the depth direction of the holes is consistent with the thickness direction of the second cell sheet, so as to display a color different from that of the first cell sheet based on incident sunlight.
2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: All holes on the second battery sheet are through holes, or all holes on the second battery sheet are blind holes, or some holes on the second battery sheet are through holes and some holes are blind holes.
3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hole depth of the hole on the second battery sheet is greater than 20% of the thickness of the second battery sheet. And / or, the holes on the second battery sheet form a pattern.
4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second battery sheet has a first hole and a second hole, the hole depth of the first hole is greater than the hole depth of the second hole, and / or the hole diameter of the first hole is greater than the hole diameter of the second hole, and / or the hole wall inclination angle of the first hole is greater than the hole wall inclination angle of the second hole.
5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second battery cells include a first-type second battery cell and a second-type second battery cell, and the first-type second battery cell and the second-type second battery cell have different reflectivities and / or refractive indices.
6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack includes at least two battery strings, and the first battery cell and the second battery cell are located in the same battery string; or, The battery pack includes at least two battery strings, the first battery cell is located in a first battery string, the second battery cell is located in a second battery string, and the first battery string is electrically connected or electrically isolated from the second battery string.
7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first battery cell and the second battery cell have different colors, and the first battery cell and the second battery cell form a pattern respectively or the first battery cell and the second battery cell form a pattern in combination; and / or, The surface of the second battery cell is provided with a color different from the natural color of the second battery cell; And / or, the first battery cell and the second battery cell have the same shape and size.
8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack includes at least two battery strings, The average current of the at least two battery strings is A, the difference between the current of each battery string and the average current is X, and X is less than 30% of A.
9. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that: A photovoltaic module comprising any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The photovoltaic system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground is greater than or equal to 45°.