Expansion gap structure of top-jet gasification furnace

Abstract

The utility model discloses a top jet gasification furnace expansion gap structure which comprises a barrel and a vault of a gasification furnace, an expansion gap structure is arranged at the joint of the top of the barrel and the vault, refractory bricks at the joint of the top of the barrel and the bottom of the vault are sequentially piled into a hot surface layer, a supporting layer and a heat preservation layer from inside to outside of the furnace, and bricks of the supporting layer are located on a backing layer of the barrel. The outer side end faces of the supporting layer bricks are vertically connected with the heat preservation layer in an aligned mode, the inner side end faces of the supporting layer bricks and the outer side end faces of the hot surface layer bricks are complementarily connected in a stepped mode, and linear horizontal expansion gaps in three-stage transition are formed between the upper end faces of the hot surface layer bricks and the steps of the lower end faces of the supporting layer bricks. All stages of expansion gaps are completely closed, so that the possibility of gas blow-by and overtemperature of the gasification furnace is reduced, and the operation safety of the gasification furnace is improved; seamless smooth connection of the vault and the cylinder is achieved, the thickness of refractory materials at the arch feet is basically kept consistent with that of the cylinder, the overtemperature phenomenon at the arch feet is avoided, and long-period high-efficiency operation of the gasification furnace is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of coal chemical gasifiers, and in particular relates to an expansion joint structure at the junction of a top-gas-gasifying furnace barrel and a dome. Background Art

[0002] The water-coal slurry pressurized gasifier is a key equipment in coal liquefaction technology. It uses coal as raw material, and after mixing with high-temperature steam and oxygen, a series of chemical reactions occur to convert solid coal into gases such as CO, H2 and CH4, which are used to synthesize chemical raw materials such as ammonia and city gas. The normal operating temperature of the gasifier is as high as 1250℃, and some even reach 1450℃. It is divided into three parts: the dome, the cylinder and the cone bottom. The interior is built with refractory materials. The heat insulation and thermal insulation effect of the refractory materials prevents the metal cylinder from overheating under normal working conditions.

[0003] Since the gasifier is a closed container of high temperature and high pressure, when the temperature inside the furnace rises, there will be a certain temperature difference between different layers due to the insulation effect of the refractory materials and the furnace shell, which will inevitably cause displacement difference. If it is not taken into consideration during design, it will inevitably cause great safety hazards in the operation of the gasifier. To ensure the safe operation of the gasifier, the expansion amount should be calculated according to the temperature, thermal expansion coefficient, height and length of different refractory materials during design, and expansion joints should be reserved at appropriate locations to achieve the purpose of safe operation of the gasifier.

[0004] The lining structure of the gasifier is: from the inside to the outside, it is high chrome bricks, low chrome bricks, alumina hollow ball bricks, and fiber compressible materials. When the gasifier is in use, the temperature of each layer is different. Usually, the working layer has the highest temperature of high chrome bricks. From the inside to the outside, the temperature of each layer gradually decreases. In order to ensure the safe operation of the gasifier, an expansion joint is usually required at the junction of the upper part of the cylinder and the dome at the working layer.

[0005] Traditional expansion joint structures, such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the cylinder backing brick T1937 is extended inward into the space between the working bricks T1938 and T1932B. By adjusting the thickness of the supporting brick T1936 and the working brick T1937, an expansion joint L is formed between the backing brick T1930B and the working brick T1932B. The empirical value is usually about 45mm, but the actual calculated expansion joint value is usually about 10mm. At present, this expansion joint structure has the following disadvantages: ① When the gasifier is in use, the temperature of the working surface brick is higher than that of the backing brick. ① The upward expansion is large, which causes the T1938 brick to be lifted up and a gap is formed between the T1937 brick. At the same time, the actual reserved value of the expansion joint L is 45mm, which is too large and cannot be completely bridged, which makes it easy for gas blowby and overheating to occur in this part, affecting the safe and normal operation of the gasifier; ② Due to the existence of the triangular brick T1938 brick on the top of the cylinder, the cylinder and the arch cannot have a smooth transition, resulting in a thin refractory material thickness at the arch foot of the gasifier, which makes it easy for this part to overheat when used, affecting the long-term and high-efficiency operation of the gasifier. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a novel top-gas gasifier expansion joint structure, which has a compact and reasonable structural layout design, forms a three-level transition expansion joint, reserves appropriate expansion joint values, and makes a smooth transition between the top of the cylinder and the junction of the arch, thereby solving the problems of easy overheating and gas blowby when using the traditional expansion joint structure, and maintaining the long-term high-efficiency operation of the gasifier.

[0007] The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is: an expansion joint structure of a top-jet gasifier, comprising a cylinder and an arch of the gasifier, an expansion joint structure is arranged at the junction of the cylinder top and the arch, the refractory bricks at the junction of the cylinder top and the arch bottom are stacked in sequence from the inside of the furnace to the outside to form a hot surface layer, a support layer and a thermal insulation layer, the support layer bricks are located on the cylinder backing layer, the outer end faces of the support layer bricks are vertically aligned and connected with the thermal insulation layer, the inner end faces of the support layer bricks are complementary to the outer end faces of the hot surface layer bricks in a stepped shape, and a straight expansion joint is reserved between the steps of the upper end faces of the hot surface layer bricks and the lower end faces of the support layer bricks.

[0008] The upper and lower layers of the supporting layer bricks are arranged vertically, the lowest layer of bricks in the supporting layer is located on the uppermost layer of bricks in the backing layer, and its length is greater than the length of the backing layer bricks, the length of the lower layer of bricks in the supporting layer is less than the length of the upper layer of bricks in the supporting layer, and the upper and lower layers of bricks in the supporting layer form a stepped step at the adjacent joints.

[0009] The hot surface bricks on the top of the cylinder are L-shaped and arranged vertically up and down, with the large end of the L-shaped hot surface brick facing downward and the inner end faces of the hot surface bricks vertically aligned. The hot surface bricks on the top of the cylinder are vertically aligned with the inner sides of the hot surface bricks on the arch and are smoothly connected.

[0010] The outer end surface of the L-shaped bricks of the hot surface layer at the top of the cylinder body is fitted with the inner end surface of the bricks of the supporting layer, and the fitting surface is in a step-like shape;

[0011] The outer short side height of the lower L-shaped bricks of the top hot surface layer of the cylinder is smaller than the corresponding support layer brick height, and the long side width of the lower L-shaped hot surface layer bricks is consistent with the width of the upper L-shaped hot surface layer bricks.

[0012] The short side upper end surface of the hot surface layer bricks at the top of the cylinder and the inner lower end surface of the supporting layer bricks, the long side upper end surface of the uppermost hot surface layer bricks at the top of the cylinder and the lower end surface of the lowermost hot surface layer bricks at the bottom of the arch form a three-level transition expansion joint structure.

[0013] The expansion joint is a straight horizontal expansion joint, and the value of the expansion joint is 12-13mm.

[0014] The upper end faces of the short sides of the hot surface layer bricks at the top of the cylinder and the inner lower end faces of the supporting layer bricks, the upper end faces of the long sides of the uppermost hot surface layer bricks at the top of the cylinder and the lower end faces of the lowermost hot surface layer bricks at the bottom of the arch form a three-level transition expansion joint structure; the expansion joint is a straight-line horizontal expansion joint, and the value of the expansion joint is 12-13mm; the purpose of this setting is: the expansion joint structure of this top gasification furnace is a three-level transition straight-line horizontal expansion joint. When in use, the expansion joint is reserved according to the actual calculated value, and the expansion joints at each level are completely matched, which reduces the possibility of gas blowby and overheating in the gasifier and improves the safety of the gasifier operation.

[0015] The hot surface bricks on the top of the cylinder are L-shaped and arranged vertically up and down, the big end of the L-shaped hot surface bricks faces downward, the inner end faces of the hot surface bricks are vertically aligned, and the hot surface bricks on the top of the cylinder and the inner sides of the hot surface bricks on the arch are vertically aligned and smoothly connected. The purpose of this arrangement is: because the arch and the cylinder are seamlessly and smoothly connected, the thickness of the refractory material at the arch foot is basically consistent with that of the cylinder, thereby avoiding the occurrence of overheating at the arch foot and ensuring long-term and high-efficiency operation of the gasifier.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the expansion joint structure of the utility model forms a three-level transition I-shaped horizontal expansion joint. When in use, the expansion joint is reserved according to the actual calculated value, and the expansion joints at each level are completely bridged, which reduces the possibility of gas blowby and overheating in the gasifier and improves the safety of the operation of the gasifier; because the arch top and the cylinder are seamlessly and smoothly connected, the thickness of the refractory material at the arch foot is basically consistent with that of the cylinder, thereby avoiding the occurrence of overheating at the arch foot and ensuring long-term high-efficiency operation of the gasifier. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the expansion joint of the top gas injection furnace in the prior art;

[0018] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the expansion joint at the junction of the top of the top-gas jetting furnace shell and the arch.

[0019] Markings in the figure: 1. cylinder; 2. vault; 3. hot surface layer; 4. supporting layer; 5. insulation layer; 6. backing layer; 7. expansion joint. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The specific implementation of the utility model is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, it is a traditional expansion joint structure of a top-jet gasifier. The backing layer 6 brick T1937 of the cylinder 1 is extended inwardly into the space between the hot surface layer 3 bricks T1938 and T1932B. By adjusting the thickness of the T1936 and T1937 bricks, an L-shaped expansion joint 7 is formed between T1930B and T1932B. The value of the expansion joint 7 is usually taken as an empirical value of about 45mm, but the actual calculated value of the expansion joint 7 is usually about 10mm. When the gasifier is in use, the hot surface layer 3 brick has a higher temperature and expands more upward than the backing layer 6. As a result, the T1938 brick is lifted up more, forming a gap between the T1937 brick and the L expansion joint 7. At the same time, the actual reserved value of 45mm of the L expansion joint 7 is too large and cannot be completely bridged, which makes it easy for gas blowby and overheating to occur in this part, affecting the safe and normal operation of the gasifier. Due to the presence of the triangular brick T1938 brick on the top of the cylinder 1, the top of the cylinder 1 and the arch 2 cannot transition smoothly, resulting in a thin refractory material at the arch foot of the gasifier, which makes it easy for this part to overheat when in use, affecting the long-term and high-efficiency operation of the gasifier.

[0022] like Figure 2 As shown, the structure of the expansion joint at the junction of the top of the cylinder body and the arch of the top gasifier of the utility model comprises a cylinder 1 and an arch 2 of the gasifier, an expansion joint 7 structure is arranged at the junction of the top of the cylinder 1 and the bottom of the arch 2, the refractory bricks at the junction of the top of the cylinder 1 and the arch 2 are stacked from the inside of the furnace to the outside to form a hot surface layer 3, a support layer 4 and a thermal insulation layer 5, the support layer 4 bricks are located on the backing layer 6 of the cylinder 1, the outer end surface of the support layer 4 bricks is vertically aligned with the thermal insulation layer 5, the inner end surface of the support layer 4 bricks and the outer end surface of the hot surface layer 3 bricks are complementary and connected in a stepped manner, and a straight horizontal expansion joint 7 is reserved between the upper end surface of the hot surface layer 3 bricks and the lower end surface of the support layer 4 bricks. The expansion joint 7 is usually reserved according to the actual calculated value, usually about 12 mm.

[0023] The upper and lower layers of the supporting layer 4 are arranged vertically, the lowest layer of bricks in the supporting layer 4 is located on the highest layer of bricks in the backing layer 6, and its length is greater than the length of the bricks in the backing layer 6, the length of the lower layer of bricks in the supporting layer 4 is less than the length of the upper layer of bricks in the supporting layer 4, and the upper and lower layers of bricks in the supporting layer 4 form a stepped step at the adjacent joints.

[0024] The hot surface layer 3 bricks on the top of the cylinder 1 are L-shaped and arranged vertically up and down, with the large end faces of the L-shaped hot surface layer 3 bricks facing downward, and the inner end faces of the hot surface layer 3 bricks are vertically aligned. The hot surface layer 3 bricks on the top of the cylinder 1 are vertically aligned with the inner side faces of the hot surface layer 3 bricks of the arch 2 and are smoothly connected.

[0025] The outer end surface of the hot surface layer 3L-shaped bricks on the top of the cylinder 1 is fitted with the inner end surface of the supporting layer 4 bricks, and the fitting surface is in a step-like shape;

[0026] The outer short side height of the lower L-shaped bricks of the top hot surface layer 3 of the cylinder 1 is smaller than the height of the corresponding support layer 4 bricks, and the long side width of the lower L-shaped hot surface layer 3 bricks is consistent with the width of the upper L-shaped hot surface layer 3 bricks.

[0027] The short side upper end surface of the hot surface layer 3 bricks at the top of the cylinder 1 and the inner lower end surface of the supporting layer 4 bricks, the long side upper end surface of the topmost layer of the hot surface layer 3 bricks at the top of the cylinder 1 and the lower end surface of the bottommost layer of the hot surface layer 3 bricks at the bottom of the arch 2 form a three-level transition expansion joint structure.

[0028] The supporting layer 4 bricks are divided into multiple layers of T1937K and T1930K, which extend horizontally to the hot surface layer 3 in the furnace in sequence, forming two stepped steps corresponding to the backing layer 6 bricks of the cylinder 1, and complementarily connecting with the steps of the L-shaped hot surface layer 3 bricks T1936K and T1938K to form an "I"-shaped horizontal expansion joint; the inner side surfaces of the hot surface layer 3 bricks T1936K and T1938K at the top of the cylinder 1 are vertically aligned and connected with the inner side surfaces of the hot surface layer 3 bricks T1950 at the bottom of the arch, forming a smooth transition butt joint.

[0029] The expansion joint structure of the top gasification furnace is a three-stage transitional I-shaped horizontal expansion joint 7. When in use, the expansion joint 7 is reserved according to the actual calculated value, and the expansion joints 7 at each level are completely matched, which reduces the possibility of gas blowby and overheating in the gasification furnace and improves the safety of the operation of the gasification furnace; because the cylinder 1 and the arch 2 are seamlessly and smoothly connected, the thickness of the refractory material at the arch foot is basically consistent with that of the cylinder, thereby avoiding the occurrence of overheating at the arch foot and ensuring long-term high-efficiency operation of the gasification furnace.

[0030] In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may also have other implementation modes. Any technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation shall fall within the protection scope required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A top gas injection furnace expansion joint structure, characterized in that: It includes an expansion joint structure arranged at the junction of the top of the gasification furnace cylinder and the arch. The refractory bricks at the junction of the top of the cylinder and the bottom of the arch are stacked in sequence from the inside of the furnace to the outside to form a hot surface layer, a supporting layer and a thermal insulation layer. The supporting layer bricks are located on the cylinder backing layer, and the outer end faces of the supporting layer bricks are vertically aligned and connected to the thermal insulation layer. The inner end faces of the supporting layer bricks are complementary to the outer end faces of the hot surface layer bricks in a stepped manner, and a straight expansion joint is reserved between the steps of the upper end faces of the hot surface layer bricks and the lower end faces of the supporting layer bricks.

2. The expansion joint structure of a top gas injection furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower layers of supporting layer bricks are arranged vertically, the lowest layer of bricks in the supporting layer is located on the highest layer of bricks in the backing layer, and its length is greater than the length of the backing layer bricks, the length of the lower layer of bricks in the supporting layer is less than the length of the upper layer of bricks in the supporting layer, and the upper and lower layers of bricks in the supporting layer form a stepped step at the adjacent joints.

3. The expansion joint structure of a top gas injection furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot surface bricks on the top of the cylinder are L-shaped and arranged vertically up and down, with the big end of the L-shaped hot surface bricks facing downward, and the inner end faces of the hot surface bricks vertically aligned. The hot surface bricks on the top of the cylinder and the inner sides of the hot surface bricks on the arch are vertically aligned and smoothly connected.

4. The expansion joint structure of a top gas injection furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer end faces of the L-shaped bricks of the hot surface layer at the top of the cylinder body are fitted with the inner end faces of the bricks of the supporting layer, and the fitting surfaces are in the shape of steps.

5. The expansion joint structure of a top gas injection furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer short side height of the lower L-shaped bricks of the top hot surface layer of the cylinder is less than the corresponding support layer brick height, and the long side width of the lower L-shaped hot surface layer bricks is consistent with the width of the upper L-shaped hot surface layer bricks.

6. The expansion joint structure of a top gas injection furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The short side upper end surface of the hot surface layer bricks at the top of the cylinder and the inner lower end surface of the supporting layer bricks, the long side upper end surface of the topmost hot surface layer bricks at the top of the cylinder and the lower end surface of the bottommost hot surface layer bricks at the bottom of the arch form a three-level transition expansion joint structure.

7. The expansion joint structure of a top gas injection furnace according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The expansion joint is a straight horizontal expansion joint with a value of 12-13mm.

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