Ecological ditch for rice and fish water
By designing the ecological ditch of the rice fishing water body, including specific bank slope structures and aquatic plant planting, the problems of water quality protection and water ecosystem integrity of the rice fishing water body are solved, and the water pollution reduction and self-purification capacity are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202323403081.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2033-12-13
AI Technical Summary
How to protect the water quality of rice and fishing water bodies, maintain the integrity of the structure and function of the water ecosystem, and scientifically and rationally treat rice and fishing tail water.
Design an ecological ditch for the rice fishing water body, including the ditch main body, bank slope and aquatic plant planting area. The bank slope is laid with gravel cushion, gabion cage, planting soil layer and three-dimensional geonet in sequence. Block stone mat is used to prevent erosion, and aquatic plants such as silvergrass, daylilies and iris are mixed and planted.
Through the design of ecological ditches, the pollution of rice and fishery waters has been reduced, the self-purification capacity of the rice and fishery systems has been improved, the fishery water quality has been improved, and a good habitat for animals and plants has been provided, and water ecological restoration and protection have been achieved.
Smart Images
Figure CN222375310U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ecological environment protection process design, and more specifically, it is an ecological ditch for rice-fishing water bodies. Background Art
[0002] In Chinese agricultural culture, "rice-fish" refers to the combination of rice planting and fishing, which is a composite agricultural and fishery production method. This method usually occurs between rice fields and fish ponds. Through reasonable water resource management, farmland and fish ponds are organically combined to form a mutually beneficial ecosystem. The core idea of the rice-fish system is to introduce aquatic animals such as fish, shrimp, and crabs into rice fields to form a symbiotic relationship with rice plants. Aquatic animals forage in the water, clean up pests and weeds in the water, and their feces also provide organic fertilizer for rice. Such an ecosystem can improve the productivity of farmland, reduce pests, and increase rice yields. This combination of agriculture and fishery helps to achieve sustainable agricultural development, improve land utilization efficiency, and to a certain extent reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This model has been promoted and adopted in some rural areas to promote sustainable agricultural development.
[0003] Rice-fish tailwater refers to wastewater generated by rice cultivation and fishery activities in the rice-fish integrated system. Generally speaking, there are five main methods for treating rice-fish tailwater:
[0004] 1) Wetland treatment: using the purifying effect of wetland ecosystems on water quality, rice and fishery wastewater is introduced into artificial wetlands for natural purification; wetland plants and microorganisms can degrade organic matter and absorb heavy metals, thereby improving water quality.
[0005] 2) Biological treatment: introducing some organisms with biological purification capabilities, such as aquatic plants, algae, plankton, etc., to remove organic matter and nutrients in the water through their metabolism.
[0006] 3) Physical and chemical treatment, using physical and chemical methods such as sedimentation, filtration, oxidation, etc. to remove suspended matter, sediment and organic matter in the water, including the use of filters, sedimentation tanks, oxidation tanks and other equipment.
[0007] 4) Recycling: Use rice and fish runoff water to irrigate farmland to achieve the purpose of resource recycling; in this process, the nutrients in the water can provide nutrition for crops, but it is necessary to ensure that the water quality meets the requirements of crops to avoid adverse effects on soil and plants.
[0008] 5) Regular monitoring and management: Regularly monitor the treatment effect of rice-fishery tail water, adjust and optimize the treatment system to ensure that the treatment effect meets environmental and agricultural requirements.
[0009] From the perspective of ecological and environmental protection, how to protect the water quality of rice-fishery water bodies, maintain the integrity of the structure and function of the aquatic ecosystem, and scientifically and rationally treat rice-fishery tail water is a key technical issue.
[0010] Therefore, it is necessary to develop an ecological ditch for rice-fish water bodies. Summary of the invention
[0011] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology and provide an ecological ditch for rice-fish water bodies.
[0012] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the utility model is: an ecological ditch of a rice-fish water body, characterized in that it includes a ditch main body, the ditch main body includes a ditch bottom and slopes at both ends of the ditch bottom, the slopes are sequentially laid with gravel cushion layers, gabion stone cages, planting soil layers and three-dimensional geonets from the inside to the outside, a block stone cushion is arranged between the ditch bottom and the slope, and aquatic plants are planted in the planting soil layer.
[0013] In the above technical solution, the bottom width of the ditch is 30m, the slope ratio of the bank is 1:3, the longitudinal slope of the ditch body is 1%-2%, the elevation of the starting position of the ditch body is consistent with the elevation of the rice field drainage inlet, and the elevation of the end position of the ditch body is consistent with the elevation of the rice field drainage outlet.
[0014] In the above technical solution, the aquatic plants are mixed planting of silver-edged grass, golden baby daylily and iris, and the ratio of silver-edged grass: golden baby daylily: iris = 5:3:2 and / or 6:2:2.
[0015] In the above technical solution, the thickness of the gravel cushion layer is 150mm, the thickness of the gabion cage is 300mm, and the thickness of the planting soil layer is 150mm; the block stone cushion is 100mm wide and 100mm thick; the three-dimensional geonet is EM3 type; the size of the block stone cushion is 100×100mm; the spacing between adjacent aquatic plants is 1000mm.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:
[0017] 1) The utility model guides and drains the tail water of the rice-fish system, reduces the pollution of the rice-fish water area, enhances the self-purification ability of the rice-fish system, and improves the fishery water quality of the rice-fish system.
[0018] 2) The utility model provides a good habitat for animals and plants, realizes water ecological restoration and protection, and ensures the health of the rice-fish water ecosystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the slope structure.
[0020] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the utility model.
[0021] Among them, 1- ditch body, 11- ditch bottom, 12- bank slope, 121- gravel cushion layer, 122- gabion stone cage, 123- planting soil layer, 124- three-dimensional geonet, 2- stone cushion, 3- aquatic plants. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The following is a detailed description of the implementation of the utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but they do not constitute a limitation of the utility model and are only used as examples. At the same time, the advantages of the utility model will become clearer and easier to understand through the description.
[0023] Refer to the attached figure: Figure 1 As shown, an ecological ditch for a rice-fish water body comprises a ditch body 1, wherein the ditch body 1 comprises a ditch bottom 11 and bank slopes 12 located at both ends of the ditch bottom 11, and the bank slope 12 is sequentially paved with a gravel cushion layer 121, a gabion stone cage 122, a planting soil layer 123 and a three-dimensional geonet 124 from the inside to the outside, a block stone cushion 2 is arranged between the ditch bottom 11 and the bank slope 12, and aquatic plants 3 are planted in the planting soil layer 123.
[0024] The ditch bottom 11 is 30m wide, the slope ratio of the bank slope 12 is 1:3, the longitudinal slope of the ditch body 1 is 1%-2%, the starting position elevation of the ditch body 1 is consistent with the elevation of the paddy field drainage inlet, and the end position elevation of the ditch body 1 is consistent with the elevation of the paddy field drainage outlet.
[0025] The aquatic plants 3 are mixed plantings of silvergrass, golden baby daylily and iris, and the ratio of silvergrass: golden baby daylily: iris is 5:3:2 and / or 6:2:2.
[0026] The thickness of the gravel cushion layer 121 is 150 mm, the thickness of the gabion stone cage 122 is 300 mm, and the thickness of the planting soil layer 123 is 150 mm; the block stone cushion 2 is 100 mm wide and 100 mm thick;
[0027] The three-dimensional geonet 124 is of EM3 type; the size of the stone cushion 2 is 100×100 mm; the spacing between adjacent aquatic plants 3 is 1000 mm.
[0028] In actual use, the utility model improves the discharge function of the drainage channel by constructing an ecological ditch for the rice-fish system and a new drainage channel in the rice-fish breeding area; aquatic plants are planted in the ditch, and the breeding tail water can be purified through the absorption effect of the aquatic plants after entering the ecological ditch.
[0029] The technological principles of this utility model:
[0030] 1) The route of the ditch of the utility model should avoid existing field buildings.
[0031] 2) The cross-sectional drainage of the ditch of the utility model should meet the flow capacity requirements of the rice field.
[0032] 3) The longitudinal slope of the ditch of the utility model should meet the drainage requirements, and the upstream and downstream and the inlet and outlet should be smoothly connected.
[0033] 4) The ditch of this utility model should meet the requirements of infiltration stability, and the slope of the ecological ditch should meet the requirements of anti-sliding stability.
[0034] 5) The ditch of the utility model should be well connected with the rice field layout.
[0035] The overall layout of the utility model is as follows: the ditch bottom 11 is 30m wide, the slope ratio of the bank slope 12 is 1:3, the longitudinal slope of the ditch body 1 is 1%-2%, the elevation of the starting position of the ditch body 1 is consistent with the elevation of the paddy field drainage inlet, and the elevation of the terminal position of the ditch body 1 is consistent with the elevation of the paddy field drainage outlet.
[0036] The bank slope 12 is paved with a 150 mm thick gravel cushion layer 121 from inside to outside, covered with a 300 mm thick gabion stone cage 122, and the surface is filled with a planting soil layer 123 and a three-dimensional geonet 124. The foot of the bank slope 12 is protected against erosion by a block stone cushion 2.
[0037] The ecological ditch overflow drainage calculation of the utility model: the ditch body 1 should be straight, the width is approximately equal, it is a pressure-free flow, and it belongs to an open channel uniform flow.
[0038] The drainage calculation formula is as follows:
[0039]
[0040] R=A / Pw
[0041]
[0042] In the formula: v is the average flow velocity of the section (m / s); R is the hydraulic radius (m), A is the water-passing cross-sectional area, Pw is the circumference of the contact part between the water flow and the solid boundary, called the wetted perimeter; i is the bottom slope of the open channel; J is the hydraulic slope, which is the head loss along the flow section. For constant uniform flow in the open channel, J=i; C is the Schertz coefficient.
[0043] Using the Manning formula to calculate C, we get:
[0044]
[0045]
[0046] Where: n is the roughness, which is 0.025;
[0047] Table 1 Ecological ditch drainage calculation (relationship between water depth and flow)
[0048]
[0049] Ecological ditch slope design: According to the recommended values of the physical and mechanical properties of the rock formation, the slope ratio of the ecological ditch bank is 1:3;
[0050] Table 2 Recommended values of physical and mechanical properties of rock formations
[0051]
[0052] Calculation of ecological ditch scour depth:
[0053] The scouring depth of the ecological ditch is calculated using the following formula:
[0054]
[0055] Among them, h B is the local scour depth (m); h p is the water depth at the scour point (m), which is replaced by the maximum depth of the approximate design water level, and h is taken p =5.1m;v cp is the average flow velocity (m / s), v cp =2.1m / s;
[0056] v 允 is the allowable non-rushing flow velocity on the riverbed (m / s), v 允 =1.5m / s; n is a coefficient, which is related to the shape of the protective slope in the plane, and is generally taken as n=1 / 4; after calculation, the scouring depth of the river section is 0.45m; the utility model adopts a block stone cushion for protection of the slope foot, which can prevent scouring of the slope foot.
[0057] Ecological ditch slope revetment design: When artificial blocks are used as the slope protection surface layer of the slope embankment and the slope rate is 1.5-5.0, the mass Q of a single block and the thickness t of the surface protection layer under the action of waves can be calculated according to the following formula:
[0058]
[0059]
[0060] Where Q is the mass of the main armor layer's armor blocks and individual stones (t); γ b The bulk density of artificial blocks or stones (KN / m 3 );γ—Specific gravity of water (kN / m 3 ) ; H is the design wave height (m). When the ratio of average wave height to water depth / d < 0.3, H is the appropriate 5％; When / d>0.3, H 13％ ; K D is the stability coefficient, which can be determined by referring to Appendix D of the Code for Design of Embankment Engineering; t is the thickness of the block or stone protective layer (m); n is the number of layers of protective blocks or stones; c is the coefficient, which can be determined by referring to Appendix D of the Code for Design of Embankment Engineering; to ensure the safety of the project, in view of the good integrity of the gabion stone cage 122 slope protection, the thickness of the slope protective layer is uniformly taken as 0.3m.
[0061] Ecological ditch backfill design: The requirements for backfill soil are as follows: The design permeability coefficient of backfill soil is K≤1×10 - 4 cm / s, the designed dry density is not less than 1.44g / cm 3 , the compaction degree is not less than 0.91; before filling, the junction of new and old soil should be cleaned first, the soil layer on the junction of new and old soil must be loosened first, and the surface debris and unqualified soil materials must be removed. The average cleaning thickness is 0.25m, and it must be compacted layer by layer.
[0062] Ecological ditch slope protection plant configuration: Aquatic plant 3 is a mixed planting of silver-edge grass, golden baby daylily, and iris, with the ratio of silver-edge grass: golden baby daylily: iris = 5:3:2 and / or 6:2:2, to create an ecological restoration landscape effect.
[0063] Other parts not described belong to the prior art.
Claims
1. An ecological ditch for rice-fishing water bodies, characterized by: The invention comprises a ditch body (1), wherein the ditch body (1) comprises a ditch bottom (11) and bank slopes (12) located at both ends of the ditch bottom (11); a gravel cushion layer (121), a gabion stone cage (122), a planting soil layer (123) and a three-dimensional geonet (124) are sequentially laid on the bank slope (12) from the inside to the outside; a block stone cushion (2) is arranged between the ditch bottom (11) and the bank slope (12); and aquatic plants (3) are planted in the planting soil layer (123).
2. The ecological ditch for rice-fishing water body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ditch bottom (11) is 30m wide, the slope ratio of the bank slope (12) is 1:3, the longitudinal slope of the ditch body (1) is 1%-2%, the elevation of the starting position of the ditch body (1) is consistent with the elevation of the rice field drainage inlet, and the elevation of the end position of the ditch body (1) is consistent with the elevation of the rice field drainage outlet.
3. The ecological ditch for rice-fishing water body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aquatic plants (3) are mixed plantings of silvergrass, golden baby daylily and iris, with the ratio of silvergrass: golden baby daylily: iris = 5:3:2 and / or 6:2:
2.
4. The ecological ditch for rice-fishing water body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the gravel cushion layer (121) is 150 mm, the thickness of the gabion stone cage (122) is 300 mm, and the thickness of the planting soil layer (123) is 150 mm; the block stone cushion (2) is 100 mm wide and 100 mm thick; the three-dimensional geonet (124) is of EM3 type; the size of the block stone cushion (2) is 100×100 mm; the spacing between adjacent aquatic plants (3) is 1000 mm.