Unmanned aerial vehicle optical fiber bus system and unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle optical fiber bus system and an unmanned aerial vehicle. The unmanned aerial vehicle optical fiber bus system comprises an optical fiber bus, a self-driving instrument, an optical fiber gateway and bus equipment, the plurality of optical fiber gateways are cascaded through the optical fiber bus to form a bus type structure; the self-driving instrument and the bus equipment are respectively connected with different optical fiber gateways; the optical fiber gateway comprises a microcontroller, an optical transceiver, a CAN bus interface, a network port and a serial port, the microcontroller is hung on the optical fiber bus through the optical transceiver, and the microcontroller is connected with the CAN bus interface, the network port and the serial port. And the self-driving instrument and the bus equipment are respectively connected with the CAN bus interface, the network port or the serial port according to own interfaces. According to the scheme of the utility model, the problems that the electric signal is easy to interfere in the transmission process and the signal attenuation of the electric signal is more after long-distance transmission are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, and more specifically, to an unmanned aerial vehicle optical fiber bus system and an unmanned aerial vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, the control system of the UAV includes an autopilot (autopilot) and a rudder actuating mechanism, an optoelectronic pod, an engine control unit, a landing gear control unit, a power supply module, and a fuel supply module connected to the autopilot by wires. The transmission signal between the autopilot and these devices is an electrical signal, which is not only easily interfered during the transmission process, but also has a large signal attenuation after long-distance transmission.

[0003] In large drones, the distance between each device is relatively far. The transmission signal of traditional wiring is an electrical signal, which is easily affected by electromagnetic interference generated by other devices, and the electrical signal attenuates a lot after long-distance transmission. For example: in the control of the rudder of a large drone, the autopilot is far away from the servo. In the process of transmitting the control signal sent by the autopilot to the servo through the wire, it will not only be affected by the electromagnetic interference of the high-power image transmission equipment and data transmission equipment, but also signal attenuation will occur, which will lead to distortion of the control signal, causing the servo to shake and affect flight safety. In the control of the optoelectronic pod, the control signal sent by the autopilot to the optoelectronic pod through the wire will also be affected by the complex electromagnetic environment in the drone, as well as the signal attenuation of the control signal after long-distance transmission, which will lead to errors or deviations in the control of the optoelectronic pod, causing the visual system to lose the target, and seriously affecting the flight mission. In the drone flight formation, a more complex electromagnetic environment will be formed between the high-power wireless devices of multiple drones, which will interfere with the control system of the drone and even cause serious accidents such as collisions.

[0004] Based on this, how to achieve safe signal transmission is of great significance. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to solve one or more of the above technical problems, the utility model proposes to form a bus structure by cascading multiple optical fiber gateways through an optical fiber bus, and the autopilot and the bus equipment are respectively connected to different optical fiber gateways, so that the autopilot and the bus equipment can transmit signals to each other through the optical fiber bus, solving the problem that the electrical signal is easily affected by electromagnetic interference from other devices in the traditional signal transmission process and the electrical signal is attenuated after long-distance transmission. To this end, the utility model provides solutions in the following aspects.

[0006] In the first aspect, the utility model provides a fiber optic bus system for unmanned aerial vehicles, comprising: a fiber optic bus, an autopilot, a fiber optic gateway and a bus device; a plurality of the fiber optic gateways are cascaded through the fiber optic bus to form a bus structure; the autopilot and the bus device are respectively connected to different fiber optic gateways; the fiber optic gateway comprises a microcontroller, an optical transceiver, a CAN bus interface, a network port and a serial port, the microcontroller is hung on the fiber optic bus through the optical transceiver, the microcontroller is respectively connected to the CAN bus interface, the network port and the serial port, the autopilot is connected to the CAN bus interface, the network port or the serial port according to its own interface; the bus device is connected to the CAN bus interface, the network port or the serial port according to its own interface.

[0007] In one embodiment, the two free ends of the optical fiber bus are connected to form a ring communication network; or the two free ends of the optical fiber bus are disconnected.

[0008] In one embodiment, the optical fiber bus is one optical fiber or two optical fibers.

[0009] In one embodiment, the optical fiber bus is one optical fiber, and the one optical fiber is configured for bidirectional transmission; or the optical fiber bus is two optical fibers, and the transmission directions of the two optical fibers are opposite.

[0010] In one embodiment, the bus device includes at least one of a rudder actuation mechanism, an engine control unit, a data transmission radio, a landing gear control unit, an optoelectronic pod, a power supply module, a fuel supply module and a link module, and the bus device and the autopilot communicate through the optical fiber bus.

[0011] In one embodiment, the link module interfaces with GPS, various sensors, and pitot tubes.

[0012] In one embodiment, the autopilot is connected to the CAN bus interface, the network port or the serial port in two lines according to its own interface, wherein one line is used for the optical fiber gateway to receive the signal of the autopilot, and the other line is used for the optical fiber gateway to send the signal to the autopilot; the bus device is connected to the CAN bus interface, the network port or the serial port in two lines according to its own interface, wherein one line is used for the optical fiber gateway to receive the signal of the bus device, and the other line is used for the optical fiber gateway to send the signal to the bus device.

[0013] In one embodiment, the rudder actuation mechanism, the engine control unit, the landing gear control unit, the power supply module and the fuel supply module are connected to the fiber optic gateway through the CAN bus interface or the serial port, the optoelectronic pod and the data transmission radio are connected to the fiber optic gateway through the serial port, and the link module is connected to the fiber optic gateway through the network port.

[0014] In a second aspect, the utility model further provides a drone, comprising a drone body and a drone optical fiber bus system as described above and below, wherein the drone optical fiber bus system is arranged on the drone body.

[0015] According to the solution of the utility model, the optical transceiver is used to convert optical signals to electrical signals, and the microcontroller is used to convert signals from bus devices into signals that can be recognized and received by the optical transceiver, and convert signals from the optical transceiver into signals that can be recognized and received by the bus devices. Multiple optical fiber gateways are cascaded through an optical fiber bus to form a bus structure, and the autopilot and the bus devices are respectively connected to different optical fiber gateways, so that the autopilot and the bus devices transmit optical signals to each other through the optical fiber bus, which solves the problem that the electrical signal is susceptible to electromagnetic interference from other devices in the traditional signal transmission process and the electrical signal is attenuated after long-distance transmission, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the drone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] By reading the detailed description below with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become easy to understand. In the accompanying drawings, several embodiments of the present invention are shown in an exemplary and non-limiting manner, and the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts, wherein:

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a fiber optic bus system for a drone according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating a fiber optic gateway according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a drone optical fiber bus system with dual optical fibers according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram schematically showing a single optical fiber ring network bus system according to an embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0022] The specific implementation of the utility model is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] A fiber optic bus system for unmanned aerial vehicles includes: a fiber optic bus, an autopilot, a fiber optic gateway and a bus device. A plurality of fiber optic gateways are cascaded through a fiber optic bus to form a bus structure. The autopilot and the bus device are respectively connected to different fiber optic gateways. The fiber optic gateway includes a microcontroller, an optical transceiver, a CAN (Controller Area Network) bus interface, an Internet port and a serial port. The microcontroller is connected to the fiber optic bus through an optical transceiver. The microcontroller is respectively connected to the CAN bus interface, the Internet port and the serial port. The autopilot is connected to the CAN bus interface, the Internet port or the serial port according to its own interface. The bus device is connected to the CAN bus interface, the Internet port or the serial port according to its own interface.

[0024] The specific instructions are as follows:

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a fiber optic bus system for a drone according to an embodiment of the utility model. Figure 1 As shown, the fiber optic bus system of the unmanned aerial vehicle includes: a fiber optic bus, an autopilot, a fiber optic gateway and a bus device, wherein the fiber optic bus is used to transmit optical signals, which are not subject to electromagnetic interference, and the attenuation of the optical signal is negligible compared to the electrical signal. The autopilot is an adjustment device that automatically controls the trajectory of the aircraft according to technical requirements. Its main function is to maintain the aircraft's attitude and assist the pilot in manipulating the aircraft. For unmanned aircraft, it will cooperate with other navigation equipment to complete the prescribed flight mission. Multiple fiber optic gateways are cascaded through a fiber optic bus to form a bus structure. The autopilot and the bus device are connected to different fiber optic gateways respectively, so that the autopilot and the bus device can transmit optical signals to each other through the fiber optic bus, which solves the problem that the electrical signal is easily affected by the electromagnetic interference of other devices in the traditional signal transmission process and the electrical signal is attenuated after a long distance transmission, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the drone.

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a fiber optic gateway according to an embodiment of the present utility model. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the fiber optic gateway includes a microcontroller, an optical transceiver, a CAN (Controller Area Network) bus interface, an Ethernet port and a serial port. The optical transceiver is connected to the microcontroller through one or more serial lines. The microcontroller is connected to the fiber optic bus through the optical transceiver. The microcontroller is connected to the CAN bus interface through the I / O port, the microcontroller is connected to the Ethernet port through the I / O port, and the microcontroller is connected to the serial port through the I / O port. The autopilot is connected to the CAN bus interface, Ethernet port or serial port according to its own interface; the bus device is connected to the CAN bus interface, Ethernet port or serial port according to its own interface. Among them, the autopilot is connected to the fiber optic gateway through the CAN bus interface. The microcontroller is used to convert the signal from the bus device into a signal that the optical transceiver can recognize and receive according to the bus communication protocol, and convert the signal processing from the optical transceiver into a signal that the bus device can recognize and receive. The optical transceiver is used to convert the optical signal from the optical fiber bus into an electrical signal, and convert the electrical signal from the microcontroller into an optical signal.

[0027] It should be noted that the pins around the microcontroller are soldered on the circuit board, and the optical transceiver and interface are also soldered on the circuit board. The optical transceiver and interface are connected to different pins of the microprocessor through the traces on the circuit board, which will not be repeated here.

[0028] It should be noted that the model of the microcontroller is the RA6M2 series of RENESAS. The use method of the RA6M2 series microcontroller and the connection method with other devices are prior arts well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here. In some embodiments, the model of the microcontroller is other models that are familiar to those skilled in the art and can be normally used in the present invention to achieve the same function.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the two free ends of the optical fiber bus are disconnected. Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a single optical fiber ring network bus system according to an embodiment of the present utility model. Figure 4 As shown, the two free ends of the optical fiber bus are connected to form a ring communication network. When the ring communication network is disconnected at one point, the UAV optical fiber bus system can still communicate and operate normally. At this time, the reliability of the system is relatively high.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the optical fiber bus is a single optical fiber, which is configured for bidirectional transmission, and the wireless gateway can simultaneously send and receive optical signals through the single optical fiber. Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a fiber optic bus system for a drone with dual optical fibers according to an embodiment of the present utility model. Figure 3As shown, the optical fiber bus is two optical fibers, and the transmission directions of the optical signals of the two optical fibers are opposite, wherein one network cable is used for the optical fiber gateway to receive signals, and the other network cable is used for the optical fiber gateway to send signals.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the bus equipment includes at least one of the rudder actuator, engine control unit, data transmission radio, landing gear control unit, optoelectronic pod, power supply module, fuel supply module and link module. It should be noted that not every drone has these bus equipment. For example, electric drones do not have fuel supply modules, and some drones do not have optoelectronic pods. After the drone is powered on, each bus device determines its own communication parameters (such as baud rate, node address, etc.) through the initialization process. Each bus device sends its own identification information and status information to the autopilot to ensure that they can be recognized by the autopilot.

[0032] Exemplarily, the rudder surface actuation mechanism is responsible for controlling the rudder surface of the UAV, such as the elevator, rudder and aileron. The rudder surface actuation mechanism is connected to the optical fiber gateway through the CAN bus interface or serial port, the optical fiber gateway is connected to the optical fiber bus, and the rudder surface actuation mechanism is connected to the autopilot through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus to send data to the autopilot or receive control instructions from the autopilot. Its electronic circuit may include a position sensor, a servo motor and its drive circuit, etc., to ensure that the rudder surface can accurately respond to the control instructions. Further, the rudder surface actuation mechanism is usually composed of a servo motor, a reducer, a transmission mechanism and a position feedback sensor. The servo motor is responsible for providing power, the reducer is used to reduce the motor speed and increase the torque, the transmission mechanism transmits power to the rudder surface, and the position feedback sensor is used to monitor the position of the rudder surface in real time. The autopilot sends control instructions to the rudder surface actuation mechanism through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus, and the rudder surface actuation mechanism controls the deflection angle of the rudder surface by sending instructions to the servo motor, thereby adjusting the flight attitude of the UAV. The position feedback sensor feeds back the position information of the rudder surface to the rudder surface actuator mechanism in real time. The rudder surface actuator mechanism feeds back the position information to the autopilot through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus, forming a closed-loop control system to ensure the accuracy of the rudder surface position. Furthermore, the rudder surface actuator mechanism is connected to the electronic circuit as follows: the rudder surface actuator mechanism usually includes a servo motor or an electric actuator, which is connected to the drone through a dedicated cable or wiring harness. The cable or wiring harness may include a power line, a ground line, and a control signal line. When the rudder surface actuator mechanism is working: the autopilot sends instructions to the control unit of the rudder surface actuator mechanism through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus. After receiving the instructions, the control unit drives the servo motor or actuator through the cable to adjust the position of the rudder surface. At the same time, the control unit may also feed back the current position or status information of the rudder surface to the autopilot through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus. Furthermore, the autopilot calculates the position of the rudder surface according to the navigation and attitude data, and sends instructions to the rudder surface actuator mechanism through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus. The rudder surface actuator mechanism executes the instructions, adjusts the position of the rudder surface, and feeds back the current position or status to the flight control system through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus.

[0033] Exemplarily, the engine control unit is responsible for monitoring and controlling the power system of the drone, such as a motor or an engine. The signal from the engine status sensor, such as speed, temperature and pressure, is received through the sensor line. The engine control unit is connected to the fiber optic gateway through the CAN bus interface or serial port, and the fiber optic gateway is connected to the fiber optic bus. The engine control unit also receives the control instructions of the autopilot through the fiber optic gateway and the fiber optic bus to adjust the thrust or speed, thereby achieving stable flight of the drone. Further, the engine control unit generally includes a microcontroller, a sensor interface circuit, an actuator drive circuit and a power management circuit. The microcontroller is a core component responsible for processing sensor data, executing control algorithms and outputting control instructions. The sensor interface circuit is used to receive signals from engine sensors, such as speed, temperature, etc. The actuator drive circuit is responsible for driving the actuators of the engine, such as the throttle, igniter, etc. The engine control unit adjusts the working state of the engine in real time by receiving the instructions of the autopilot and the data of the engine sensor to ensure that the drone can fly stably. It can adjust the throttle opening, control the ignition timing, etc. according to flight requirements, thereby achieving precise control of engine performance. Furthermore, the engine control unit is connected to the electronic circuit in the following manner: the engine control unit receives signals from engine sensors, such as speed sensors, temperature sensors, etc., through a dedicated sensor interface. At the same time, it is also connected to the autopilot through the optical fiber bus to receive flight instructions issued by the autopilot and send engine status information to the autopilot. The engine control unit is connected to the optical fiber bus in the following manner: the engine control unit is connected to the optical fiber gateway through the CAN bus interface, and the optical fiber gateway is connected to the optical fiber bus. The autopilot sends instructions such as throttle opening and speed setting to the engine control unit through the optical fiber bus. The engine control unit returns real-time status information of the engine, such as speed, temperature, etc., through the optical fiber bus.

[0034] Exemplarily, the data transmission radio is used for data transmission and communication between the UAV and the ground control station. Wireless signals are sent and received through the antenna, and the data transmission radio may include a modem, a codec, and a signal processing circuit to ensure reliable data transmission. Furthermore, the data transmission radio usually has its own power cord and antenna interface. It can be connected to the fiber optic gateway through a serial port (such as RS-232 or RS-485), and the fiber optic gateway is connected to the fiber optic bus, so that the data transmission radio can exchange data with the autopilot through the fiber optic bus. The data transmission radio sends data to the autopilot through the fiber optic gateway and the fiber optic bus, and receives data from the autopilot through the fiber optic gateway and the fiber optic bus. Furthermore, the data transmission radio includes hardware components such as a radio frequency transceiver, an antenna, a modem, and a codec. The radio frequency transceiver is responsible for transmitting and receiving signals, the antenna is used to transmit and receive wireless signals, the modem converts the digital signal into an analog signal suitable for wireless transmission, and the codec is responsible for encoding and decoding data. The data transmission radio realizes data communication between the UAV and the ground control station by wireless means. It can transmit the data received from the autopilot, such as the UAV's flight data and sensor data, to the ground control station in real time. It can also receive data from the ground control station and transmit it to the autopilot through the fiber optic gateway and fiber optic bus, ensuring that the UAV can fly according to the route or mission preset by the ground control station.

[0035] Exemplarily, the landing gear control unit is responsible for controlling the landing gear mechanism of the drone, such as the retraction and extension of the landing gear. The landing gear control unit is connected to the fiber optic gateway through a CAN bus interface or a serial port, the fiber optic gateway is connected to the fiber optic bus, the landing gear control unit is connected to the autopilot through the fiber optic gateway and the fiber optic bus, and the electronic circuit of the landing gear control unit may include a position sensor, a motor and its drive circuit, etc., to ensure that the landing gear can accurately and reliably perform actions. Further, the landing gear control unit is usually directly connected to the motor or actuating mechanism of the landing gear, and controls the retraction and extension of the landing gear through a cable. At the same time, it may also receive the position or status information of the landing gear through the sensor interface. The landing gear control unit communicates with the autopilot through the fiber optic gateway and the fiber optic bus. The autopilot sends the command of retracting and extending the landing gear to the landing gear control unit through the fiber optic gateway and the fiber optic bus. After the control unit executes the command, it returns the status information of the landing gear (such as whether it is locked in place) to the autopilot through the fiber optic gateway and the fiber optic bus. Further, the landing gear control unit usually includes a motor driver, a position sensor, a control circuit, etc. The motor driver is responsible for driving the motor of the landing gear, the position sensor is used to monitor the position status of the landing gear in real time, and the control circuit is responsible for receiving and processing the instructions from the autopilot. The landing gear control unit controls the retraction and extension of the landing gear according to the instructions of the autopilot. During takeoff and landing, the landing gear control unit ensures that the landing gear can move according to the predetermined timing and position, thereby ensuring the safe takeoff and landing of the drone.

[0036] Exemplarily, the optoelectronic pod is usually used for tasks such as reconnaissance, surveillance and target identification of unmanned aerial vehicles. It is connected to the autopilot through an optical fiber gateway and an optical fiber bus. The electronic circuit of the optoelectronic pod may include a video transmission line, a power line, and possible control signal lines to ensure real-time transmission and processing of images and data. The optoelectronic pod usually has its own power line and data line. The data line may use a dedicated interface or protocol for transmitting video and image data. At the same time, the optoelectronic pod may also be connected to the optical fiber gateway through a serial port or CAN bus interface, and the optical fiber gateway is connected to the optical fiber bus. The optoelectronic pod is connected to the autopilot through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus for transmitting status information and receiving control instructions. Furthermore, the optoelectronic pod includes an optical lens, an image sensor, an image processing circuit, a stable platform, etc. The optical lens is used for focusing and imaging, the image sensor converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, the image processing circuit processes and analyzes the image data, and the stable platform is used to maintain the stability and pointing accuracy of the optoelectronic pod. The optoelectronic pod provides navigation, reconnaissance and target identification functions for the unmanned aerial vehicle by capturing and processing target images. It can transmit image data to the autopilot or ground control station in real time, helping operators understand the surrounding environment and target conditions of the UAV, so as to make accurate decisions and instructions. Furthermore, the image and video data captured by the optoelectronic pod are sent to the autopilot through a dedicated data transmission interface or protocol, and the autopilot transmits it to the ground station. Although these data may not be directly transmitted through the optical fiber bus, the status information of the optoelectronic pod (such as working status, temperature, position, etc.) can be sent through the optical fiber bus, and the position control instructions of the autopilot can be received through the optical fiber bus.

[0037] Exemplarily, the power supply module is responsible for providing power to various components of the drone. It is connected to the engine, rudder actuator, digital radio and other modules through power lines. The electronic circuit of the power supply module may include a battery management circuit, a voltage regulation circuit and a protection circuit to ensure the stability and safety of the power supply. The power supply module is connected to the optical fiber gateway through a serial port or a CAN bus interface, and the optical fiber gateway is connected to the optical fiber bus. The power supply module sends voltage, current and other status information to the autopilot through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus. Further, the power supply module usually includes a battery pack, a power management circuit and a voltage distribution circuit. Power is provided to various modules on the drone through a power line. The power line usually includes a positive pole, a negative pole and a ground line, and may have other control lines or signal lines. The power supply module has voltage monitoring and fault protection functions, and communicates with the autopilot through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus to report power status and fault information. Furthermore, the power supply module is mainly composed of a battery pack, a power management circuit and a protection circuit. The battery pack provides power, the power management circuit is responsible for the distribution and regulation of power, and the protection circuit is used to prevent abnormal conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging and overcurrent. The power supply module provides stable and reliable power supply for each module of the drone. It reasonably distributes power according to the working requirements of each module to ensure that the drone can operate continuously and stably. At the same time, the protection circuit can monitor the battery status in real time to prevent equipment damage or safety accidents caused by abnormal conditions.

[0038] For example, for a UAV using a fuel engine, the fuel supply module is responsible for controlling the supply and regulation of fuel. It is connected to the engine through a fuel pipeline and receives fuel status information through a sensor line. The electronic circuit of the fuel supply module may include a fuel pump control circuit, a fuel pressure sensor, and a flow sensor to ensure the normal operation of the engine. The fuel supply module usually includes a fuel pump, a fuel tank, and a sensor. Signals such as fuel volume and oil pressure are received from the fuel tank and the fuel pump through the sensor interface. The fuel supply module is connected to the optical fiber gateway through a serial port or a CAN bus interface, and the optical fiber gateway is connected to the optical fiber bus. The fuel supply module can communicate with the autopilot through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus. It sends status information such as fuel volume and oil pressure to the autopilot and receives control instructions from the autopilot. Furthermore, the fuel supply module includes components such as a fuel tank, a fuel pump, an oil filter, an oil pipeline, and an oil level sensor. The fuel tank is used to store fuel, the fuel pump is responsible for delivering fuel to the engine, the oil filter is used to filter impurities in the fuel, the oil pipeline is responsible for delivering and distributing fuel, and the oil level sensor is used to monitor the amount of fuel in the fuel tank in real time. The fuel supply module ensures that the engine can continuously obtain sufficient fuel supply. According to the fuel demand of the engine, the fuel is delivered to the engine through the oil pump, and impurities in the fuel are filtered out to ensure the cleanliness of the fuel. The oil level sensor monitors the amount of fuel in the tank in real time and provides feedback information on the fuel status to the autopilot so that adjustments or fuel replenishment can be made in time.

[0039] Exemplarily, the link module may involve a variety of connections and communication methods between the drone and other systems or devices. It may include interfaces and communication protocols with ground control stations, other drones or satellite communication systems. Further, the link module is usually responsible for communication with external systems, such as other drones, relay stations or ground control stations. It may include a radio frequency transceiver, an antenna and related interface circuits. The link module is connected to the optical fiber gateway through a network port, and the optical fiber gateway is connected to the optical fiber bus, so that the link module can be connected to the autopilot through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus for transmitting and receiving data. The autopilot sends and receives communication data with the external system through the link module. The link module sends the received data of the external system to the autopilot through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus bus, and the autopilot sends the data that needs to be sent to the external system to the link module through the optical fiber gateway and the optical fiber bus. The link module can exchange data with the external system through other communication protocols (such as radio frequency communication, satellite communication, etc.). Furthermore, the link module usually includes a communication interface circuit, a modem and a link module, and the link module is mainly composed of a communication interface circuit, a modem, a signal amplifier and an antenna. The communication interface circuit is responsible for receiving and sending data, the modem realizes the conversion between digital and analog signals, the signal amplifier enhances the transmission strength of the signal, and the antenna is responsible for the wireless transmission and reception of the signal. The link module establishes a stable communication link between the UAV and the ground control station or other UAVs. It ensures the real-time and accurate transmission of flight data, control instructions and other information. Through efficient modulation and demodulation technology and signal amplification technology, the link module can maintain the stability and reliability of communication in complex electromagnetic environments, thereby supporting the UAV to perform various complex flight missions.

[0040] The GPS is connected to the link module through an interface adapted thereto in the link module, various sensors are connected to the link module through interfaces adapted thereto in the link module, the pitot tube is connected to the link module through interfaces adapted thereto in the link module, and the autopilot transmits signals to and from various devices connected to the link module through an optical fiber bus and an optical fiber gateway. In one embodiment, the model of the link module is P900 or PDDL of MICROHAND. In another embodiment, the link module is other modules well known to those skilled in the art and can be normally applied to achieve the same functions in this embodiment.

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the autopilot is connected to the CAN bus interface, network port or serial port in two lines according to its own interface, wherein one line is used for the optical fiber gateway to receive the signal of the autopilot, and the other line is used for the optical fiber gateway to send the signal to the autopilot. The bus device is connected to the CAN bus interface, network port or serial port in two lines according to its own interface, wherein one line is used for the optical fiber gateway to receive the signal of the bus device, and the other line is used for the optical fiber gateway to send the signal to the bus device.

[0042] The rudder actuation mechanism, engine control unit, landing gear control unit, power supply module and fuel supply module are connected to the fiber optic gateway through the CAN bus interface or serial port, the optoelectronic pod and data transmission radio are connected to the fiber optic gateway through the serial port, and the link module is connected to the fiber optic gateway through the network port.

[0043] In another aspect of the utility model, a drone is provided, comprising a drone body and a drone optical fiber bus system as described in one or more of the above embodiments, wherein the drone optical fiber bus system is arranged on the drone body.

[0044] Although this specification has shown and described a plurality of embodiments of the utility model, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Those skilled in the art will think of many changes, modifications and alternatives without departing from the idea and spirit of the utility model. It should be understood that in the process of practicing the utility model, various alternatives to the embodiments of the utility model described herein may be adopted. The attached claims are intended to define the scope of protection of the utility model, and therefore cover the modular composition, equivalent or alternatives within the scope of these claims.

Claims

1. A UAV optical fiber bus system, characterized in that: include: Optical fiber bus, autopilot, optical fiber gateway and bus equipment; A plurality of the optical fiber gateways are cascaded through the optical fiber bus to form a bus structure; The autopilot and the bus device are respectively connected to different optical fiber gateways; The fiber optic gateway includes a microcontroller, an optical transceiver, a CAN bus interface, an Internet port and a serial port. The microcontroller is connected to the fiber optic bus through the optical transceiver. The microcontroller is connected to the CAN bus interface, the Internet port and the serial port respectively. The autopilot is connected to the CAN bus interface, the Internet port or the serial port according to its own interface; the bus device is connected to the CAN bus interface, the Internet port or the serial port according to its own interface.

2. The UAV optical fiber bus system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two free ends of the optical fiber bus are connected to form a ring communication network; or the two free ends of the optical fiber bus are disconnected.

3. The UAV optical fiber bus system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The optical fiber bus is one optical fiber or two optical fibers.

4. The UAV optical fiber bus system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The optical fiber bus is one optical fiber, and the one optical fiber is configured for bidirectional transmission; or the optical fiber bus is two optical fibers, and the transmission directions of the two optical fibers are opposite.

5. The UAV optical fiber bus system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The bus device includes at least one of a control surface actuation mechanism, an engine control unit, a data transmission radio, a landing gear control unit, an optoelectronic pod, a power supply module, a fuel supply module and a link module. The bus device and the autopilot communicate through the optical fiber bus.

6. The unmanned aerial vehicle optical fiber bus system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The link module is connected to the GPS, various sensors and the pitot tube.

7. The UAV optical fiber bus system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The autopilot is connected to the CAN bus interface, the network port or the serial port in two lines according to its own interface, wherein one line is used for the optical fiber gateway to receive the signal of the autopilot, and the other line is used for the optical fiber gateway to send a signal to the autopilot; The bus device is connected to the CAN bus interface, the network port or the serial port in two lines according to its own interface, wherein one line is used for the optical fiber gateway to receive the signal of the bus device, and the other line is used for the optical fiber gateway to send a signal to the bus device.

8. The unmanned aerial vehicle optical fiber bus system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rudder actuation mechanism, engine control unit, landing gear control unit, power supply module and fuel supply module are connected to the fiber optic gateway through the CAN bus interface or serial port, the optoelectronic pod and the data transmission radio are connected to the fiber optic gateway through the serial port, and the link module is connected to the fiber optic gateway through the network port.

9. A drone, characterized in that: It comprises a drone body and a drone optical fiber bus system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the drone optical fiber bus system is arranged on the drone body.

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