Vertical multi-layer leaf vegetable planting facility for supplying heat by using flue gas waste heat of heat supply boiler

Abstract

The utility model provides a vertical multi-layer leaf vegetable planting facility for supplying heat by using flue gas waste heat of a town heating boiler, and solves the problem of self-sufficiency of leaf vegetables in winter in cities in northern areas. The system is characterized in that flue gas waste heat of a heat supply boiler is used for supplying heat to leaf vegetable production planting facilities, and the system is composed of a heat energy supply system, a multi-layer greenhouse system, a cultivation system, a movable conveying storage system, a water and fertilizer management and control system and the like. Especially, the flue gas source heat pump waste heat recovery device is adopted, and heat energy, water vapor, carbon dioxide and other resources in flue gas are fully utilized. Under the condition that heat supply and illumination are guaranteed, planting facilities have the condition of developing towards the air, the cultivation space is utilized to the maximum extent, the yield of crops is multiplied, economic benefits are improved, and meanwhile leaf vegetable production is not affected and limited by the natural environment and atrocious weather any more. Leaf vegetable factories built by boiler rooms can be produced, picked and sold on site, transportation and loss are avoided, and factory production is achieved in the whole process. The basic requirements of urban residents on vegetables in winter are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of urban facility agriculture, in particular to a vertical multi-layered leaf vegetable planting facility which utilizes waste heat from flue gas of a heating boiler for heating. Background Art

[0002] Vegetables are important agricultural products that are essential for people's lives. They provide a variety of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates that the human body needs. In Beijing's vegetable production and consumption structure, leafy vegetables account for about 50% of the total vegetables. With the changes in residents' consumption awareness and consumption habits, the demand for leafy vegetables is constantly increasing. However, due to the characteristics of leafy vegetables such as high water content, easy to rot, high loss, and difficult storage and transportation, most of them are not suitable for long-distance transportation. More importantly, under the circumstances of natural disasters, force majeure, and extreme rain and snow weather, vegetables from other places often cannot be transported to the Beijing market in time.

[0003] Therefore, Beijing's own production of vegetables plays a relatively important role in ensuring timely and stable supply to the market. At present, the production of leafy vegetables in Beijing in winter mainly relies on ordinary greenhouses, plastic greenhouses, small arch greenhouses, etc., which are greatly affected by the climate and are difficult to resist extreme weather. The multi-span greenhouse method has limited production capacity due to the high cost of heat energy and is difficult to meet market demand. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively solve the supply of leafy vegetables in Beijing in winter by reducing the heat energy cost of multi-span greenhouses and increasing production.

[0004] In northern my country, such as Beijing, the heat source for winter heating has been completely changed to gas boilers and gas-fired cogeneration power plants. The exhaust temperature of the chimneys of boilers and power plants is between 70 and 90°C, and a large amount of waste heat can be recycled. At present, Beijing consumes more than 100 million cubic meters of natural gas (including gas-fired cogeneration power plants) for heating on average every day in winter. The flue gas source heat pump heating energy-saving technology (invention patent: a device for full heat recovery of flue gas from gas boilers, ZL200810188037.6) can reduce the flue gas to below 15°C, recover the heat energy in the flue gas (about 10% of the boiler heating capacity, and preliminary calculations show that there is nearly 10 million cubic meters of natural gas heat energy) for heating again, which can greatly improve the thermal energy utilization rate of fossil energy. This heat energy recovered by flue gas source heat pumps can provide heating for a large number of plant factories (about 5 million square meters), which is an effective measure to reduce the operating costs of plant factories and increase production capacity. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to address the deficiencies of the existing technologies in the above-mentioned fields and to provide a vertical multi-layer leafy vegetable planting facility that utilizes the waste heat from flue gas of a heating boiler for heating. In winter, the waste heat from flue gas is recovered through the application of flue gas source heat pump heating and energy-saving technology to solve the heat energy supply problem for the vertical multi-layer leafy vegetable planting facility. In summer, the heat pump is operated in air source conditions to supply cooling to the plant factory, thereby greatly reducing the heat energy cost of the plant factory and, on this basis, realizing the automation and intelligence of the entire production process.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following solution: a vertical multi-layer planting facility for leafy vegetables that utilizes waste heat from flue gas of a heating boiler for heating, comprising: a heat energy supply system, a multi-layer greenhouse system, a cultivation system, a mobile transportation and storage system, and a water and fertilizer control system.

[0007] The heat energy supply system comprises a heating boiler and its chimney, a flue gas source heat pump waste heat recovery device, a hot water pipeline transportation device, a terminal heat exchange device, and a temperature control device.

[0008] The heating boiler and its chimney are the heat sources for the vertical multi-layer planting facilities of leafy vegetables. At present, there are three types of exhaust temperatures for gas boilers used for urban heating: 1. Conventional exhaust temperature is 120°C, and the flue gas source heat pump heating energy-saving technology can recover 12% of the heat energy of the boiler load; 2. After installing a first-level flue gas waste heat recovery device, the exhaust temperature is 70°C, which can recover 10% of the heat energy of the boiler load;

[0009] 3. The exhaust temperature of the condensing boiler is 50°C, and 8% of the heat energy of the boiler load can be recovered. The above measures can be used to recover 84, 70, and 56 kilowatts of heat energy respectively for a 1-ton heating boiler with a load of 700 kilowatts. When the heat load of the vertical multi-layer planting facility for leafy vegetables is 50 watts per square meter of planting layer, the heating area can be 1680, 1400, and 1120 square meters. This patent uses an exhaust temperature of 70°C and a recoverable heat energy of 70 kilowatts as the standard working condition. A 1-ton boiler can provide 1,400 square meters of vertical multi-layer planting facilities for leafy vegetables. The flue gas enters the flue gas source heat pump waste heat recovery device through the flue from the heating boiler and its chimney to collect heat energy.

[0010] The flue gas source heat pump waste heat recovery device is a flue gas source heat pump installed at the boiler chimney, which can recover the heat energy in the flue gas at about 70°C, generate hot water above 60°C, and heat the greenhouse. It can eventually reduce the exhaust temperature to 15±5°C, thereby maximizing the utilization of flue gas heat energy.

[0011] Furthermore, when encountering high temperature weather in the non-heating season, the temperature in the greenhouse approaches or even exceeds the high temperature limit of crop growth, which will restrict the normal growth of crops in the greenhouse. At this time, the flue gas source heat pump is switched to cooling mode to transport 7

[0012] ℃ cold water can effectively lower the temperature in the greenhouse and create a good growth environment for plants.

[0013] The hot water pipeline transportation device comprises a main pipe and a branch pipe. The main pipe is a pipe connecting the heat source and the greenhouse, and the branch pipe is a pipe connecting the main pipe and the terminal heat exchange device.

[0014] Furthermore, the branch pipe can be combined with the frame structure of the greenhouse to replace part of the inner and outer frames and the horizontal frame, and has the dual functions of supporting the greenhouse structure and transporting the heating medium. On the one hand, it can reduce the investment in the terminal heat exchange device, and at the same time, it can also greatly reduce the system return water temperature, increase the system's heating capacity, reduce the operating cost of the heat exchanger, improve the energy efficiency of the heat pump, and improve the economic benefits of the system.

[0015] The terminal heat exchange device includes a fan coil, a fin radiator, a light tube radiator, etc.

[0016] The temperature control device comprises temperature and humidity sensors and automatic temperature and humidity controllers for various parts of the greenhouse.

[0017] The multi-layer greenhouse system is a multi-layer greenhouse with vertical multi-layer leaf vegetable planting facilities installed on the vacant roof of the boiler room or in the open space near the boiler room. The number of layers, height and total area of ​​the greenhouse are determined by the heating capacity generated by the heat pump system recovering heat energy from the flue gas of the heating boiler, and the height of the cultivation layer in the greenhouse layer is determined by the latitude of the location of the greenhouse and the type of cultivated crops.

[0018] Furthermore, the plane projection shape of the multi-layer greenhouse of the vertical multi-layer planting facility for leafy vegetables can be rectangular, polygonal, circular, etc.

[0019] Furthermore, the multi-layer greenhouse of the leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facility adopts a frame structure, wherein the outer vertical frame constitutes the outer shape of the greenhouse, and the internal horizontal frame divides the space in the greenhouse into multiple upper and lower independent greenhouse layers, and multiple cultivation layers can be arranged in each greenhouse layer. The height of the greenhouse layer depends on the number of cultivation layers and the height of the cultivation layer.

[0020] Furthermore, when the shape of the multi-layer greenhouse plane projection of the leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facility is circular, the outer shape is a cylinder, and the internal cultivation layer height is 1 meter. For the convenience of operation and management, each greenhouse layer can be provided with 3 cultivation layers, and the greenhouse layer height is about 3 meters. The area of ​​each cultivation layer of a 10-meter diameter greenhouse is about 70 square meters, and the cultivation area of ​​each greenhouse layer is about 200 square meters. The heat energy recovered by a 1-ton heating boiler can be used for 7 greenhouse layers, a total of 21 cultivation layers, the total height of the greenhouse is 21 meters, and the total cultivation area is 1,400 square meters.

[0021] Furthermore, when the shape of the multi-layer greenhouse plane projection of the leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facility is a rectangle, the outer shape is a square column, the cultivation layer height is 1 meter, and the greenhouse layer can be provided with 3 cultivation layers, each greenhouse layer is 3 meters high. Taking the greenhouse built on the roof of a boiler room with an area of ​​15*20 meters as an example, the area of ​​each cultivation layer is about 250 square meters, and the cultivation area of ​​each greenhouse layer is about 700 square meters. The heat energy recovered by a 1-ton heating boiler can be used for 2 greenhouse layers, a total of 6 cultivation layers, the total height of the greenhouse is 6 meters, and the total cultivation area is about 1,400 square meters.

[0022] Furthermore, the periphery of the multi-layer greenhouse of the leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facility is enclosed by glass, solar panels, plastic films and other light-transmitting materials to improve the greenhouse's lighting capacity, and movable thermal insulation and heat-insulating curtains can be installed inside and outside to reduce heat (cold) dissipation.

[0023] Furthermore, the multi-layer greenhouse horizontal frame and the bottom of the cultivation layer of the leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facility are installed with a liftable LED lighting system, and the height can be adjusted according to the type and growth period of the plants.

[0024] The cultivation system is composed of a single or multiple cultivation layers constructed in the greenhouse layer, and the cultivation layers include cultivation racks (fixed and mobile), nutrient solution tanks, cultivation beds, planting boards, etc.

[0025] The cultivation rack is a multi-layer frame structure, the bottom of which is installed on the horizontal frame of the greenhouse layer, supporting one or more cultivation layers. The nutrient solution tank is installed on the cultivation rack, the cultivation bed is installed on the nutrient solution tank, the cultivation bed is arranged on the nutrient solution tank according to the designed position sequence and is equipped with a corresponding moving device, the planting board is placed on the cultivation bed, and the leafy vegetables are fixed on the planting board.

[0026] The cultivation frame is a multi-layer frame structure with movable casters installed at the bottom. The nutrient solution tank is installed on the cultivation frame, the cultivation bed is installed on the nutrient solution tank, the planting board is placed on the cultivation bed, and the leafy vegetables are fixed on the planting board.

[0027] Furthermore, when the multi-layer greenhouse of the leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facility is circular or polygonal in shape, the nutrient solution tank installed on the fixed cultivation frame is a horizontal circular liquid tank, and the cultivation bed can move horizontally along the circumferential direction on the nutrient solution tank to ensure that the crops on each cultivation layer receive sunlight for a certain period of time during the day, thereby reducing the irradiation time of LED lights and reducing energy consumption.

[0028] Furthermore, when the projection of the multi-layer greenhouse of the leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facility is a rectangle, the nutrient solution tanks on the cultivation layer are arranged in two rings, the inner and outer rings (see Figure 6), the cultivation plates on the two nutrient solution tanks move in opposite directions and exchange with each other in the inner and outer rings, so that any cultivation plate can be moved to a position facing the sun, to ensure that the crops on each cultivation layer have a certain amount of time to receive sunlight. The nutrient solution tanks on the cultivation layer can also be arranged in a reciprocating circulation form, which can also enable any cultivation plate to be moved to a position facing the sun to achieve a uniform lighting effect (see Figure 6 ).

[0029] The mobile conveying storage system is a device for taking out or putting in the planting plate together with the cultivated plants into the multi-layer greenhouse of the vertical multi-layer planting facility of leafy vegetables, and includes a horizontal moving vehicle, a vertical lifting elevator, a bottom horizontal conveyor belt and a temporary storage. The mobile conveying storage system realizes program automatic control.

[0030] Furthermore, the horizontal moving vehicle is fixed on the upper part of the vertical lifting elevator. After its guide rail is docked with the guide rail of the cultivation layer, the horizontal moving vehicle enters above the cultivation layer to grab and lift the corresponding cultivation board and move it horizontally, and place it on the vertical lifting elevator. When the vertical lifting elevator descends to the ground, it is transferred to the horizontal conveyor belt to move the cultivation board to a temporary storage warehouse.

[0031] Furthermore, the horizontal moving vehicle is a self-powered intelligent mobile transport vehicle, which can move to the bottom of the mobile cultivation rack according to the program to lift it and then move it horizontally to a specified position or into a vertical elevator, and then transfer it to a temporary storage when the vertical elevator descends to the ground.

[0032] Furthermore, when the greenhouse is circular or polygonal, the vertical lift is a freight elevator installed at a position in the greenhouse with the center of the circle as the center. It can stop at any greenhouse layer or cultivation layer. A horizontal moving vehicle is installed on the upper part of the vertical lift. After its guide rails are docked with the guide rails of the cultivation layer, the horizontal moving vehicle enters above the cultivation layer to grab and lift the corresponding cultivation board and move it horizontally, and place it on the vertical lift. When the vertical lift descends to the ground, it transfers to the horizontal conveyor belt to move the cultivation board to a temporary storage warehouse.

[0033] Furthermore, when the greenhouse is rectangular, the vertical lift is an external freight elevator located on the shady side of the greenhouse, and the elevator car can stop at any greenhouse layer. When using a mobile cultivation rack, the self-powered intelligent mobile transport vehicle moves to the bottom of the mobile cultivation rack according to the program to lift it and then moves it horizontally into the vertical lift. When the vertical lift is lowered to the ground, it is transferred to a temporary storage. When using a fixed cultivation rack, the self-powered intelligent mobile hoisting trolley moves to the top of the cultivation bed according to the docked track to lift it and then moves it horizontally to the mobile rack in the vertical lift. When the vertical lift is lowered to the ground, it is transferred to a temporary storage.

[0034] Furthermore, the temporary storage warehouse is a storage space located on the ground floor, where mobile cultivation racks or mobile cultivation bed racks removed from the greenhouse are placed for short-term storage according to the sales of leafy vegetables. Since the cultivation of plant factories is aimed at achieving year-round continuous production, the mobile transportation storage system must complete all operations such as mobile transportation of cultivation racks for planting, harvesting and packaging, storage, and delivery at any time. This solution uses the greenhouse elevator shaft space as its vertical operating channel, and cooperates with a self-powered intelligent mobile transport vehicle. Only one mobile transportation system is installed to meet the needs of the entire greenhouse. It has a compact structure and a high degree of automation, which improves the utilization rate and operating efficiency of the planting space.

[0035] The water and fertilizer management and control system includes: a nutrient solution circulation device, a condensed water conversion device, a carbon dioxide utilization device, etc.

[0036] The nutrient solution circulation device comprises: a nutrient solution storage tank, an infusion pump, a liquid supply pipe, a nutrient solution tank, a liquid return pipe, a nutrient solution regulating tank, and a water supply pipe. The nutrient solution in the pressurized storage tank of the infusion pump enters the nutrient solution tank through the liquid supply pipe to provide the nutrients required for plant growth, and then flows into the liquid return pipe through the overflow to flow to the nutrient solution regulating tank to supplement the corresponding nutrient elements and then returns to the nutrient solution storage tank for recycling.

[0037] The condensed water conversion device adds potassium hydroxide to neutralize the condensed water containing nitrate to produce a nutrient solution base liquid containing potassium nitrate, which is added to the nutrient solution regulating tank to prepare the nutrient solution. This device can reduce pollutant emissions, realize waste utilization, and reduce costs.

[0038] The carbon dioxide utilization device processes the flue gas after the heat energy is recovered by the flue gas source heat pump and passes it into the greenhouse to solve the problem of the higher concentration of carbon dioxide required for the highly intensive planting of crops in the greenhouse.

[0039] The LED lighting system is an LED lighting device. As the vertical multi-layered planting facility of leafy vegetables has the characteristics of high crop density and high yield, sufficient heat and light are required.

[0040] The device is an LED lighting device installed on the top layer or the bottom of the cultivation rack. It supplements and increases the light intensity and time of the plants when natural light is insufficient or at night, and dynamically adjusts the intensity and ratio of red and blue light to meet the needs of different types of crops or crops at different growth stages.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0042] 1. Due to the use of flue gas source heat pump heating energy-saving technology to recover the waste heat of the flue gas of the heating boiler to heat the plant factory, the heat energy guarantee rate of the vegetable greenhouse is greatly improved on the basis of the high urban heating guarantee rate, and the heating cost is effectively reduced, which is more than 60% lower than the cost of gas heating.

[0043] 2. It can basically solve the problem of self-sufficiency of leafy vegetables in Beijing or large cities in the northern region in winter. Gas boilers (power plants) for heating are spread all over Beijing. A boiler room is a leafy vegetable factory. Vegetables are picked on the spot and sold nearby. There is no transportation and no loss. Vegetables may enter the kitchen and dining table of residents in the shortest time after picking (for example, 30 minutes). It is estimated that the heat energy recovered from the flue gas waste heat of gas boilers in Beijing can provide heating for 5 million square meters of plant factories. The leafy vegetable production during the heating period can be close to more than 30% of the annual leafy vegetable production in 2016, which can fully meet the basic needs of urban residents during the heating period.

[0044] 3. The cylindrical and rectangular greenhouse structures used in this project make full use of natural light, greatly reducing the use time of lighting devices, reducing power consumption and lowering operating costs. The cultivation beds that move horizontally in the circumferential direction and the interchange of the inner and outer ring cultivation layers ensure that the crops on each cultivation layer have a relatively uniform time to receive sunlight. The height of the cultivation layer is selected according to the local latitude to ensure that the depth of sunlight on the winter solstice allows most plants to be exposed to sunlight.

[0045] 4. Under the condition of sufficient heating and guaranteed light, the plant factory has the conditions to develop into the air. Under the condition that the frame structure allows, the yield of crops per unit area is doubled, which significantly improves the economic benefits and maximizes the input-output. At the same time, the production of leafy vegetables is no longer affected and restricted by the natural environment and bad climate.

[0046] 5. Since the conveying system is set up in the center of the cylindrical greenhouse and occupies a smaller space as a conveying channel, the cultivation space is used to the maximum extent, which not only realizes the dense planting of crops, but also realizes the intelligent, unmanned, and factory-based production of crops from cultivation to harvesting.

[0047] 6. The implementation of flue gas source heat pump heating and energy-saving technology not only makes full use of the thermal energy resources of flue gas, but also utilizes water vapor resources and carbon dioxide resources, and converts acidic water into nutrient solution, achieving low-carbon environmental protection and resource recycling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] The accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment provided by the utility model.

[0049] Figure 1 It is a partial vertical section diagram of a plant factory;

[0050] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a plan section;

[0051] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall vertical section;

[0052] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of plane sunlight exposure.

[0053] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross section of the planting layer;

[0054] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a rectangular multi-storey greenhouse;

[0055] Reference numerals:

[0056] 1: External vertical frame; 2: Internal vertical frame; 3: Horizontal frame of greenhouse layer;

[0057] 4: Horizontal frame of cultivation layer; 5: Conveying guide rail; 6: Horizontal moving vehicle;

[0058] 7: Nutrient solution tank; 8: Vertical lift; 9: Cultivation layer;

[0059] 10: greenhouse layer; 11: cultivation bed; 12: planting board;

[0060] 13: Elevator shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The following is a detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0062] Example

[0063] For a 5-ton gas boiler, the boiler is 3500 kilowatts at full load, the flue gas temperature is 70℃, the heat pump final exhaust temperature is 20℃ (temperature difference 50), and the recoverable heat energy is 280 kilowatts, of which sensible heat can be recovered by 2.5%, latent heat by 8%, recovery rate by 0.8, and total recovery rate by 8%. The recovery of this scheme is calculated based on 70% load of 200 kilowatts.

[0064] The utility model adopts the mobile cultivation rack to provide the following solutions:

[0065] A vertical multi-layered leaf vegetable planting facility utilizing waste heat from flue gas of a heating boiler for heating comprises: a heat energy supply system, a multi-layered greenhouse system, a cultivation system, a mobile transport and storage system, and a water and fertilizer control system.

[0066] The heat energy supply system comprises a heating boiler and its chimney, a flue gas source heat pump waste heat recovery device, a hot water pipeline transportation device, a terminal heat exchange device, and a temperature control device.

[0067] The heating boiler and its chimney are the heat sources of the vertical multi-layer leafy vegetable planting facility, and the flue gas enters the flue gas source heat pump waste heat recovery device through the flue from the heating boiler and its chimney.

[0068] The flue gas source heat pump waste heat recovery device is a flue gas source heat pump installed at the boiler chimney, which can recover the flue gas waste heat of about 70°C, generate hot water of about 60°C, supply heat to the greenhouse, and finally reduce the exhaust temperature to 15±5°C, thereby maximizing the utilization of flue gas thermal energy.

[0069] Furthermore, during hot weather in the non-heating season, the temperature in the greenhouse approaches or even exceeds the high temperature limit of crop growth, restricting the normal growth of crops in the greenhouse. The flue gas source heat pump can be switched to cooling mode to deliver 7°C cold water into the pipeline to lower the temperature in the greenhouse and create a good growth environment for the plants.

[0070] The hot water pipeline transportation device comprises a main pipe and a branch pipe. The main pipe is a pipe connecting the heat source and the greenhouse, and the branch pipe is a pipe connecting the main pipe and the terminal heat exchange device.

[0071] Furthermore, the branch pipe can be combined with the greenhouse frame structure to replace part of the inner and outer frames and the horizontal frame, and has the dual functions of supporting the greenhouse structure and conveying the heating medium, which can reduce the investment in the terminal heat exchange device. It can significantly reduce the system return water temperature, increase the system's heating capacity, reduce the operating cost of the heat exchanger, improve the energy efficiency of the heat pump, and improve the economic benefits of the system.

[0072] The terminal heat exchange device includes a fan coil, a fin radiator, and a light tube radiator.

[0073] The temperature control device comprises temperature and humidity sensors and a greenhouse temperature and humidity automatic controller and a regulating device.

[0074] The multi-layer greenhouse system is a multi-layer greenhouse of leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facilities built in the open space near the boiler room (if built on the roof of the boiler room, the height and load may be subject to certain restrictions). The greenhouse can be a 10-meter diameter cylindrical greenhouse, with glass, sun panels and other light-transmitting materials installed on the periphery, and 5 independent upper and lower greenhouse layers inside, the greenhouse layer height is 3 meters, and the greenhouse layer contains 3 cultivation layers. The height of the cultivation layer is 1 meter, and the area of ​​the cultivation layer is 70 square meters. A greenhouse has 15 cultivation layers, a total height of 15 meters, and a total cultivation area of ​​1,000 square meters. According to the total area, a total heat of 50 kilowatts is required. The above-mentioned 5-ton gas boiler can provide 4 of the above-mentioned plant factories, with a total cultivation area of ​​about 4,000 square meters (limited by the internal facility structure, the effective cultivation area of ​​a single cultivation layer is only calculated as 36 square meters, and the total effective cultivation area is about 2,160 square meters, and its crop yield is 7 to 8 times that of a single-layer greenhouse.).

[0075] The cultivation system is composed of multiple cultivation layers constructed in the greenhouse layer, and the cultivation layers include fixed cultivation racks, nutrient solution tanks, cultivation beds, and planting boards.

[0076] The fixed cultivation rack is a multi-layer frame structure, the bottom of which is installed on the horizontal frame of the greenhouse layer, supporting one or more cultivation layers. The nutrient solution tank is installed on the cultivation rack, the cultivation bed is installed on the nutrient solution tank, the cultivation beds are arranged in sequence on the nutrient solution tank, the planting board is placed on the cultivation bed, and the leafy vegetables are fixed on the planting board.

[0077] The nutrient solution tank is a horizontal annular tank, and the cultivation bed can move horizontally along the circumferential direction on the nutrient solution tank to ensure that the crops on each cultivation bed have a certain amount of time to turn to the position facing the sun and receive sunlight (see Figure 4 ), ensuring uniform sunshine time for all crops every day, reducing the exposure time of LED lights and thus reducing energy consumption.

[0078] The mobile conveying and storage system is a device for taking out or putting in the planting plates together with the cultivated plants into the multi-layer greenhouse of the vertical multi-layer planting facility of leafy vegetables, and comprises a horizontal moving vehicle, a vertical lifting elevator, a bottom level conveyor belt and a temporary storage warehouse.

[0079] The mobile conveying and storage system realizes automatic program control.

[0080] The vertical lift is a freight elevator located in the greenhouse with the center of the circle as the center of the installation position. It can stop at any greenhouse layer and cultivation layer. The upper part of the vertical lift is equipped with a horizontal moving car. After its guide rail is docked with the guide rail of the cultivation layer, the horizontal moving car enters the upper part of the cultivation layer to grab and lift the corresponding cultivation unit and move it horizontally, and place it on the vertical lift. When the vertical lift is lowered to the ground, it is transferred to the horizontal conveyor belt to transfer the cultivation unit to the temporary storage. The temporary storage is a frame structure located on the ground layer, similar to the cultivation layer structure, where the cultivation units removed from the greenhouse are placed for short-term storage according to the sales of leafy vegetables. Since the planting of plant factories is aimed at achieving year-round continuous production, the mobile conveying storage system needs to continuously move and transport the cultivation units layer by layer to complete operations such as planting, harvesting, packaging, storage, and outbound delivery. This solution uses the elevator shaft space in the middle of the cylindrical greenhouse as its vertical operation channel. Only one mobile conveying system is installed to meet the needs of the entire greenhouse. It has a compact structure and a high degree of automation, which improves the utilization rate and operation efficiency of the planting space.

[0081] Similarly, the multi-layer greenhouse of the vertical multi-layer planting facility for leafy vegetables can also be rectangular (for example, built on the roof of the boiler room), with a rectangular shape. The height of the cultivation layer is also determined to be 1 meter, and each greenhouse layer is provided with 3 cultivation layers. The height of the greenhouse layer is 3 meters. The effective area of ​​each cultivation layer of the greenhouse with a height of 15*20 meters on the roof of the boiler room is about 250 square meters, and the cultivation area of ​​each greenhouse layer is about 700 square meters. The heat energy recovered by the above-mentioned 5-ton heating boiler can be used for 3 greenhouses with a height of 6 meters. Each greenhouse has 2 greenhouse layers, and the total cultivation area is about 4,000 square meters. (Due to the limitation of the internal structure, the effective cultivation area of ​​each cultivation layer is preferably calculated as 120 square meters, so that the effective cultivation area of ​​each greenhouse layer is about 360 square meters, and its crop yield is 3 to 4 times that of a single-layer greenhouse.)

[0082] When the projection of the multi-layer greenhouse of the leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facility is rectangular, the nutrient solution tank on the cultivation layer is divided into two rings, the inner and outer rings, and the cultivation plates on the two nutrient solution tanks move in reverse and exchange with each other in the inner and outer rings. A reciprocating movement cycle can also be adopted (see Figure 6 ), both methods can enable any cultivation board to be moved to a sunny position and ensure that the crops on each cultivation board have a certain amount of time to receive sunlight.

[0083] The water and fertilizer management and control system comprises: a nutrient solution circulation device, a condensed water conversion device, and a carbon dioxide utilization device.

[0084] The nutrient solution circulation device comprises: a nutrient solution storage tank, an infusion pump, a liquid supply pipe, a nutrient solution tank, a liquid return pipe, a nutrient solution regulating tank, and a water supply pipe. The nutrient solution in the pressurized storage tank of the infusion pump enters the nutrient solution tank through the liquid supply pipe to provide nutrients required for plant growth, and then overflows into the liquid return pipe to flow to the nutrient solution regulating tank to supplement the corresponding nutrient elements and then returns to the nutrient solution storage tank for recycling.

[0085] The condensed water conversion device adds potassium hydroxide to neutralize the condensed water containing nitrate to produce a nutrient solution base liquid containing potassium nitrate, which is added to a nutrient solution regulating tank to prepare a nutrient solution, thereby reducing pollutant emissions, realizing waste utilization, and reducing costs.

[0086] The carbon dioxide utilization device processes the flue gas after the heat energy is recovered by the flue gas source heat pump and passes it into the greenhouse to solve the problem of the higher concentration of carbon dioxide required for the highly intensive planting of crops in the greenhouse.

[0087] The composition of natural gas is CH4, and the products of combustion in the boiler are CO2 and gaseous H2O. In the process of recovering flue gas waste heat by the flue gas source heat pump, H2O condenses into liquid water due to the decrease in flue gas temperature, and dissolves some nitrogen oxides to become acidic condensed water, which needs to be neutralized before discharge. The condensed water conversion device adds potassium hydroxide to neutralize the condensed water containing nitrate ions to produce a nutrient solution base liquid containing potassium nitrate, which is added to the nutrient solution regulating tank to prepare the nutrient solution. It not only reduces pollutant emissions and realizes waste utilization, but also reduces the cost of nutrient solution.

[0088] The flue gas cooled after waste heat recovery contains a relatively high concentration of carbon dioxide, which can be directly passed into the greenhouse after filtering, thereby solving the problem of the relatively high concentration of carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis of highly intensively planted crops in the greenhouse.

[0089] The LED lighting system is an LED lighting device. As the vertical multi-layer intelligent plant factory has the characteristics of high crop density and high yield, it requires sufficient heat and light.

[0090] The LED lighting device is an LED lighting lamp installed on the top layer or the bottom of the cultivation rack, which supplements and increases the light intensity and time of the plants when natural light is insufficient or at night, and dynamically adjusts the light intensity and ratio of red and blue light to meet the needs of different types of crops or crops at different growth stages.

[0091] Example

[0092] For the mobile cultivation rack, the utility model provides the following solutions:

[0093] A vertical multi-layered leafy vegetable planting facility that utilizes waste heat from flue gas from a heating boiler for heating, wherein the planting system uses a mobile planting rack and an intelligent mobile transport vehicle.

[0094] The movable cultivation frame is a multi-layer frame structure with movable casters installed at the bottom. The nutrient solution tank is installed on the cultivation frame, the cultivation bed is installed on the nutrient solution tank, the planting board is placed on the cultivation bed, and the leafy vegetables are fixed on the planting board.

[0095] The intelligent mobile transport vehicle is a self-powered intelligent mobile transport vehicle, which can move to the bottom of the mobile cultivation rack according to the program to lift it and then move it horizontally to a specified position or into a vertical elevator, and then transfer it to a temporary storage when the vertical elevator descends to the ground.

[0096] When the multi-layer greenhouse is cylindrical, the vertical lift is located in the center. When it is rectangular, the vertical lift is located outside the shaded side of the greenhouse. The vertical lift is a freight elevator that can stop at any greenhouse level. It moves to the bottom of the mobile cultivation rack according to the program through a self-powered intelligent mobile transport vehicle to lift it and then move it horizontally into the vertical lift. When the vertical lift is lowered to the ground, it is transferred to a temporary storage.

[0097] The temporary storage warehouse is a storage space located on the ground floor, where the cultivation racks removed from the greenhouse are placed for short-term storage according to the sales of leafy vegetables. Since the cultivation of plant factories is aimed at achieving year-round continuous production, the mobile transportation storage system must complete all operations such as mobile transportation of cultivation racks for planting, harvesting and packaging, storage, and outbound delivery at any time. This solution uses the elevator shaft space set up in each greenhouse as its vertical operating channel, and cooperates with a self-powered intelligent mobile transport vehicle. Only one mobile transportation system is installed to meet the needs of the entire greenhouse. It has a compact structure and a high degree of automation, which improves the utilization rate and operating efficiency of the planting space.

Claims

1. A vertical multi-layered leaf vegetable planting facility using waste heat from flue gas from a heating boiler, characterized in that Utilize the waste heat from the flue gas of the heating boiler to heat the vertical multi-layer planting facilities for producing leafy vegetables, including: heat energy supply system, multi-layer greenhouse system, cultivation system, mobile transportation and storage system, and water and fertilizer control system; The heat energy supply system comprises a heating boiler and its chimney, a flue gas source heat pump waste heat recovery device, a hot water pipeline transportation device, a terminal heat exchange device, and a temperature control device.

2. The vertical multi-layered leaf vegetable planting facility using waste heat from flue gas from a heating boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heating boiler and its chimney are gas boilers and their chimneys for urban heating. Flue gas enters the flue gas source heat pump waste heat recovery device through the flue from the heating boiler and its chimney to collect heat energy. The flue gas temperature has three working conditions of 120℃±10℃, 70℃±10℃, and 50℃±10℃, with the exhaust temperature of 70±10℃ as the standard working condition; The flue gas source heat pump waste heat recovery device is a flue gas source heat pump installed at the boiler chimney, which recovers the heat energy in the flue gas at about 70°C, generates hot water above 60°C to heat the greenhouse, and finally reduces the exhaust temperature to 15±5°C; The hot water pipe delivery device includes a main pipe and a branch pipe. The main pipe is a pipe connecting the heat source and the greenhouse, and the branch pipe is a pipe connecting the main pipe and the terminal heat exchange device. The branch pipe can be combined with the frame structure of the greenhouse to replace part of the inner and outer frames and the horizontal frame, and has the dual functions of supporting the greenhouse structure and delivering the heating medium. The terminal heat exchange device includes a fan coil, a fin radiator, and a light tube radiator; The temperature control device comprises temperature and humidity sensors and automatic temperature and humidity controllers for various parts of the greenhouse.

3. The vertical multi-layered leaf vegetable planting facility using waste heat from flue gas from a heating boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-layer greenhouse system is a multi-layer greenhouse with vertical multi-layer planting facilities for leafy vegetables built on the vacant roof of a boiler room or in an open space near a boiler room, including a greenhouse layer and a cultivation layer; the number of greenhouse layers, height and total area of ​​the greenhouse layers are determined according to the heating capacity generated by the heat pump system recovering heat energy from the flue gas of the heating boiler, and a cultivation layer is set in the greenhouse layer. The height of the cultivation layer is determined by the latitude of the location of the greenhouse, the type of cultivated crops and the height of the greenhouse layer.

4. The vertical multi-layered leaf vegetable planting facility using waste heat from flue gas from a heating boiler according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The plane projection shape of the multi-layer greenhouse of the leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facility can be rectangular, polygonal or circular; The multi-layer greenhouse of the leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facility adopts a frame structure, and the internal horizontal frame divides the space in the greenhouse into multiple upper and lower independent greenhouse layers, and multiple cultivation layers can be set in the greenhouse layer; The outer periphery of the multi-layer greenhouse of the leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facility is enclosed by light-transmitting materials such as glass, sunlight panels, and plastic films, and movable heat-insulating and heat-insulating curtains are installed inside and outside to reduce heat dissipation.

5. The vertical multi-layered leaf vegetable planting facility utilizing waste heat from flue gas of a heating boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cultivation system is composed of a single or multiple cultivation layers constructed in a greenhouse layer, and the cultivation layers include fixed cultivation racks or mobile cultivation racks, nutrient solution tanks, cultivation beds, and planting boards.

6. The vertical multi-layered leaf vegetable planting facility using waste heat from flue gas from a heating boiler according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The fixed cultivation rack is a multi-layer frame structure, the bottom of which is mounted on the horizontal frame of the greenhouse layer and supports one or more cultivation layers; The nutrient solution tank is installed on the cultivation frame, the cultivation bed is installed on the nutrient solution tank, the cultivation bed is arranged on the nutrient solution tank in the designed position sequence and is equipped with a corresponding moving device, the planting board is placed on the cultivation bed, and the leafy vegetables are fixed on the planting board; The mobile cultivation rack is a multi-layer frame structure, with movable casters installed at the bottom, the nutrient solution tank is installed on the cultivation rack, the cultivation bed is installed on the nutrient solution tank, the planting board is placed on the cultivation bed, and the leafy vegetables are fixed on the planting board; When the multi-layer greenhouse of the leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facility has a circular or polygonal shape, the nutrient solution tank installed on the fixed cultivation frame is a horizontal annular tank, and the cultivation bed can move horizontally along the circumferential direction on the nutrient solution tank to ensure that the crops on each cultivation layer receive sunlight for a corresponding period of time during the day, thereby reducing the irradiation time of the LED lamp and reducing energy consumption; When the multi-layer greenhouse of the leafy vegetable vertical multi-layer planting facility has a rectangular shape, the nutrient solution tanks on the cultivation layer are arranged in two rings, an inner ring and an outer ring. The cultivation plates on the two nutrient solution tanks move in opposite directions and are exchanged with each other in the inner and outer rings, so that any cultivation plate can be moved to a sunny position to ensure that the crops on each cultivation layer have a certain amount of time to receive sunlight.

7. The vertical multi-layered leaf vegetable planting facility utilizing waste heat from flue gas of a heating boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mobile conveying and storage system is a device for taking out or putting the planting plates together with the cultivated plants into the multi-layer greenhouse of the vertical multi-layer planting facility of leafy vegetables, and includes a rail-type horizontal moving vehicle and a self-propelled mobile transport vehicle, a vertical lifting elevator, a bottom level conveyor belt and a temporary storage warehouse.

8. The vertical multi-layer leaf vegetable planting facility using waste heat from flue gas of a heating boiler according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The rail-type horizontal moving vehicle is fixed on the upper part of the vertical lift. After the rail of the horizontal moving vehicle is docked with the rail of the cultivation layer, the horizontal moving vehicle enters the upper part of the cultivation layer to grab and lift the corresponding cultivation board and move it horizontally, and then place it on the vertical lift. When the vertical lift is lowered to the ground, it is transferred to the horizontal conveyor belt to move the cultivation board to the temporary storage. The self-propelled mobile transport vehicle is a self-powered intelligent mobile transport vehicle, which can move to the bottom of the mobile cultivation rack according to the program to lift it and then move it horizontally to a specified position or to a vertical elevator, and then transfer it to a temporary storage when the vertical elevator descends to the ground; When the greenhouse is circular or polygonal, the vertical lift is a freight elevator located in the greenhouse with the center of the circle as the center, and can stop at any greenhouse layer or cultivation layer; When the greenhouse is rectangular, the vertical lift is an external freight elevator located on the shady side of the greenhouse, and the elevator car can stop at any greenhouse level; The temporary storage is a storage space arranged on the ground floor, where mobile cultivation racks or mobile cultivation bed racks removed from the greenhouse are placed for short-term storage according to the sales situation of leafy vegetables.

9. The vertical multi-layer leaf vegetable planting facility using waste heat from flue gas of a heating boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water and fertilizer management system includes: a nutrient solution circulation device, a condensed water conversion device, a carbon dioxide utilization device, etc.; The nutrient solution circulation device comprises: a nutrient solution storage tank, an infusion pump, a liquid supply pipe, a nutrient solution tank, a liquid return pipe, a nutrient solution regulating tank, and a water supply pipe. The nutrient solution in the pressurized storage tank of the infusion pump enters the nutrient solution tank through the liquid supply pipe to provide nutrients required for plant growth, and then flows into the liquid return pipe through overflow to flow to the nutrient solution regulating tank to supplement the corresponding nutrient elements and then returns to the nutrient solution storage tank for recycling. The condensed water conversion device adds potassium hydroxide to neutralize the condensed water containing nitrate, produces a nutrient solution base liquid containing potassium nitrate, and adds it to the nutrient solution regulating tank to prepare the nutrient solution; The carbon dioxide utilization device processes the flue gas after the heat energy is recovered by the flue gas source heat pump and passes it into the greenhouse to solve the problem of the higher concentration of carbon dioxide required for the highly intensive planting of crops in the greenhouse.

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