Sleeve assembly and locking and unlocking device with same

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of locking and unlocking, in particular to a sleeve assembly and a locking and unlocking device with the sleeve assembly, and aims to solve the problems that a sleeve assembly of an existing locking and unlocking device cannot be compatible with various vehicle types for locking and unlocking, noise exists, and related unlocking fails. In order to achieve the purpose, the sleeve assembly comprises a sleeve body, a sliding seat and an elastic assembly, the top of the sleeve body is provided with a fastening structure, and the bottom of the sleeve body is provided with a first butt joint structure; the top of the sliding seat is provided with a second butt joint structure, the second butt joint structure is in butt joint with the first butt joint structure, and the sleeve body can move relative to the sliding seat in the axial direction; the two ends of the elastic assembly abut against the sleeve body and the sliding base respectively, and the elastic assembly at least comprises two parts with different elastic coefficients. According to the utility model, locking and unlocking of various vehicle types can be compatible, and the noise problem and the related unlocking failure problem can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of locking and unlocking, and specifically provides a sleeve assembly and a locking and unlocking device having the sleeve assembly. Background Art

[0002] In the daily processing, production or maintenance process, it is inevitable to use fasteners such as screws / bolts to fasten objects. Usually, if a large number of fasteners need to be tightened or loosened every day, it is generally completed with the help of automatic locking and unlocking devices. Especially when locking and unlocking the power battery on the electric vehicle, multiple sets of fasteners need to be locked and unlocked at one time, and the dependence on automatic locking and unlocking is very high.

[0003] At present, an elastic member is provided on the sleeve assembly of the locking and unlocking device to apply elastic force to the fasteners to be locked and unlocked, such as screws / bolts, to automatically lock and unlock; and the fasteners of different models require different elastic forces when locking and unlocking.

[0004] The existing socket assembly has a limited scope of application and is not compatible with the locking and unlocking of various models. In particular, when the elastic forces required for fasteners used in various models vary greatly, there are noise problems caused by excessive elastic force applied or related unlocking failures caused by insufficient elastic force.

[0005] In view of the above problems in the prior art, those skilled in the art are in urgent need of a sleeve assembly and a locking and unlocking device having the sleeve assembly.

[0006] The above information disclosed in the background technology is only used to increase the understanding of the background technology of the present application, and therefore, it may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Utility Model Content

[0007] The utility model aims to solve the above technical problem, that is, to solve the problem that the sleeve assembly of the existing locking and unlocking device is not compatible with a variety of vehicle models for locking and unlocking and there are noise problems and related unlocking failures.

[0008] In a first aspect, the utility model provides a sleeve assembly, comprising a sleeve body, a sliding seat and an elastic assembly; the top of the sleeve body has a fastening structure, and the bottom has a first docking structure; the top of the sliding seat has a second docking structure, the second docking structure is docked with the first docking structure, and the sleeve body can move axially relative to the sliding seat; the two ends of the elastic assembly are respectively abutted against the sleeve body and the sliding seat, and the elastic assembly includes at least two parts with different elastic coefficients.

[0009] In the case of adopting the above technical scheme, the utility model is capable of being compatible with the locking and unlocking of various models by configuring the elastic component to include two or more parts with different elastic coefficients, and is particularly capable of being compatible with various models that require to apply relatively different elastic forces; specifically, when the fastener of the first model needs to apply a small elastic force, the sleeve body and the sliding seat move relative to each other to compress the elastic component, wherein mainly the part with a small elastic coefficient undergoes elastic deformation to provide a small elastic force, which is consistent with the elastic force required by the first model, and can avoid the noise problem caused by the excessive elastic force provided; when the fastener of the second model needs to apply a large elastic force, a corresponding large elastic force is generated by continuing to compress the part with a large elastic coefficient of the elastic component, which is consistent with the elastic force required by the second model, and can avoid the problem of related unlocking failure caused by the excessive elastic force provided; thus, the sleeve component of the utility model is capable of being compatible with various models for locking and unlocking and providing different elastic forces, thereby expanding the scope of application and avoiding noise problems and related unlocking failure problems.

[0010] Furthermore, the elastic component includes a first elastic member and a second elastic member arranged in series, and the elastic coefficient of the first elastic member is smaller than the elastic coefficient of the second elastic member.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes an anti-collapse sleeve; the two ends of the first elastic member are respectively in contact with the inner bottom surface of the anti-collapse sleeve and the sleeve body, and the two ends of the second elastic member are respectively in contact with the outer bottom surface of the anti-collapse sleeve and the sliding seat.

[0012] Furthermore, the elastic component includes a first elastic part and a second elastic part which are integrally formed and arranged in series, and the elastic coefficient of the first elastic part is smaller than the elastic coefficient of the second elastic part.

[0013] Further, the spring pitch of the first elastic part is greater than the spring pitch of the second part.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a first pin shaft; one of the first docking structure and the second docking structure is provided with a first pin hole, and the other is provided with a first strip hole; the first pin hole and the first strip hole are connected through the first pin shaft, and the first pin shaft can move along the hole length direction of the first strip hole.

[0015] Furthermore, the fastening structure is a stepped hole, the first step of the stepped hole is a notch matching the fastener, and the second step of the stepped hole is a cylindrical hole.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a top core and a third elastic member arranged in the stepped hole; the bottom of the top core can move axially relative to the sleeve body, and the two ends of the third elastic member are respectively in contact with the top core and the sleeve body.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a second pin shaft; one of the sleeve body and the top core is provided with a second pin hole, and the other is provided with a second strip hole, the second pin hole and the second strip hole are connected by the second pin shaft, and the second pin shaft can move along the hole length direction of the second strip hole.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a support seat; the top of the support seat has a fourth docking structure, the bottom of the sliding seat has a third docking structure, and the third docking structure is docked with the fourth docking structure.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a limiting member and a fourth elastic member; the third docking structure is a docking hole, and the fourth docking structure is a docking column; the docking column is provided with an assembly hole along the cross-sectional direction, and the limiting member and the fourth elastic member are installed in the assembly hole, and the two ends of the fourth elastic member are respectively abutted against the bottom of the assembly hole and the limiting member, and part of the limiting member extends out of the assembly hole; a limiting hole adapted to the limiting member is provided in the second docking hole.

[0020] In a second aspect, the utility model further provides a locking and unlocking device, which includes a power system and the above-mentioned sleeve assembly.

[0021] When the above technical solution is adopted, the technical effects of the utility model are:

[0022] (1) The two ends of the elastic component of the sleeve assembly of the utility model are respectively abutted against the sleeve body and the sliding seat, and the elastic component at least includes a first elastic member and a second elastic member arranged in series, and the elastic coefficient of the first elastic member is smaller than the elastic coefficient of the second elastic member; when it is necessary to apply a small elastic force to the bolt of the first vehicle model, since the elastic coefficient of the first elastic member is small, the first elastic member is mainly compressed at this time, and the second elastic member is also compressed and deformed but the deformation amount is small, which can be understood as mainly applying a small elastic force to the fastener of the first vehicle model through the compression of the first elastic member; when it is necessary to apply a large elastic force to the second vehicle model, the elastic component is compressed, so that the first elastic member is compressed and when the compression continues, only the second elastic member is compressed to apply a large elastic force to the fastener of the second vehicle model; thus, the sleeve assembly of the utility model can be compatible with a variety of vehicle models for locking and unlocking, especially can be compatible with a variety of vehicle models with large differences in the elastic force required for locking and unlocking, has a wider range of application, and can effectively avoid the problem of noise caused by inappropriate elastic force applied, such as excessive elastic force or related unlocking failure caused by insufficient elastic force.

[0023] (2) The sleeve assembly of the present invention also includes an anti-collapse sleeve, which is arranged between the first elastic member and the second elastic member. A portion of the first elastic member is located in the anti-collapse sleeve. When a small elastic force is required, the small elastic force is mainly provided by compressing the first elastic member; when a large elastic force is required, the first elastic member is completely compressed into the anti-collapse sleeve and the second elastic member is continuously compressed, thereby providing a large elastic force through the second elastic member. The present invention can control the compression degree of the first elastic member by arranging the anti-collapse sleeve to avoid damage to the first elastic member.

[0024] (3) The elastic component of the present invention can also be a same elastic component with different parts having different elastic coefficients. For example, a combination spring with varying elastic coefficients can be obtained by combining springs with different elastic coefficients. The spring pitches of different parts of the combination spring are different. The part with a larger spring pitch has a smaller elastic coefficient, while the part with a smaller spring pitch has a larger elastic coefficient. When a small elastic force needs to be applied to a first vehicle model, the part with a small elastic coefficient is mainly compressed to provide a small elastic force. When a large elastic force needs to be applied to a second vehicle model, the part with a small elastic coefficient is completely compressed and continues to compress the part with a large elastic coefficient to provide a large elastic force. Therefore, the sleeve assembly of the present invention is compatible with a variety of vehicle models with large differences in the elastic forces required for unlocking and unlocking, has a wider range of applications, and avoids noise problems and related unlocking failure problems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0026] Figure 1 It is an assembly diagram of the first embodiment of the sleeve assembly of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the sleeve assembly of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 It is an assembly diagram of a second embodiment of the sleeve assembly of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the sleeve assembly of the utility model.

[0030] Reference numerals list :

[0031] 1- sleeve body; 2- top core; 3- first pin shaft; 4- second pin shaft; 5- first elastic member; 6- anti-collapse sleeve; 7- second elastic member; 8- third elastic member; 9- sliding seat; 10- supporting seat; 11- protective plate; 12- limiting member; 13- fourth elastic member; 14- first elastic part; 15- second elastic part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The embodiments given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", etc. indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "disposed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the sleeve assembly of this embodiment includes a sleeve body 1, a sliding seat 9 and an elastic assembly; the top of the sleeve body 1 has a fastening structure, and the sleeve body 1 is connected with the fastener to be locked and unlocked through the fastening structure;

[0037] The bottom of the sleeve body 1 has a first docking structure, and the top of the sliding seat 9 has a second docking structure, see Figure 2 The first docking structure is a first docking hole, and the second docking structure is a first docking column; the first docking hole of the sleeve body 1 can be adapted and plugged with the first docking column of the sliding seat 9 and move relatively along the axial direction;

[0038] Continue reading Figure 2 The sleeve assembly further includes an anti-collapse sleeve 6, the elastic assembly includes a first elastic member 5 and a second elastic member 7, the elastic coefficient of the first elastic member 5 is smaller than the elastic coefficient of the second elastic member 7, and accordingly, the overall elastic coefficient of the combined elastic assembly is smaller than the elastic coefficient of the first elastic member 5; the anti-collapse sleeve 6 is disposed between the first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 7;

[0039] In a possible embodiment, the outer wall of the sleeve body 1 has a first limit platform, the outer wall of the sliding seat 9 has a second limit platform, the two ends of the first elastic member 5 respectively abut the first limit platform of the sleeve body 1 and the inner bottom surface of the anti-collapse sleeve 6, and the two ends of the second elastic member 7 respectively abut the second limit platform of the sliding seat 9 and the outer bottom surface of the anti-collapse sleeve 6.

[0040] The specific process of the sleeve assembly of this embodiment applying different elastic forces to different vehicle models is as follows:

[0041] When a small elastic force needs to be applied to the first vehicle model, the sleeve body 1 and the sliding seat 9 are relatively moved to compress the elastic component. At this time, the first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 7 are both compressed and deformed. Since the deformation of the first elastic member 5 is large and the deformation of the second elastic member 7 is small, it can be understood that the elastic force is mainly provided by the compression and deformation of the first elastic member 5. The compression of the first elastic member 5 can provide a small elastic force, which is consistent with the elastic force required by the first vehicle model, and can avoid the noise problem caused by excessive elastic force.

[0042] When a large elastic force needs to be applied to the second vehicle model, the sleeve body 1 and the sliding seat 9 are moved relative to each other, the first elastic member 5 is pressed into the anti-crush sleeve 6, and the sleeve body 1 contacts the anti-crush sleeve 6 and continues to press down the second elastic member 7; at this time, a large elastic force is provided by compression of the second elastic member 7, which is consistent with the elastic force required by the second vehicle model, and can avoid the problem of related unlocking failure caused by too small elastic force.

[0043] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can specifically set the structure of the elastic component. For example, the elastic component can also include three parts with different elastic coefficients, and the present invention does not make specific limitations. That is, as long as the sleeve component structure can achieve different elastic forces on various vehicle models through parts with different elastic coefficients, it is within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] Furthermore, those skilled in the art may also replace the anti-collapse sleeve 6 with other partitioning components to connect the first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 7 through the partitioning components; or directly connect the first elastic member 5 and the second elastic member 7, which is not specifically limited in the present invention;

[0045] In addition, those skilled in the art can also set the first docking structure at the bottom of the sleeve body 1 as a first docking column, and the second docking structure at the top of the sliding seat 9 as a first docking hole; preferably, the first docking hole is a square hole, and the first docking column is a square column; that is, those skilled in the art can specifically set the matching structure of the first docking structure and the second docking structure, as long as the effect of axial relative movement of the sleeve body 1 and the sliding seat 9 can be achieved, and the utility model does not make any specific limitations.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, the sleeve assembly also includes a first pin shaft 3; the first docking structure at the bottom of the sleeve body 1 is provided with a first pin hole; the second docking structure at the top of the sliding seat 9 is provided with a first elongated hole, and the first pin shaft 3 penetrates the first pin hole and the first elongated hole, so that the sleeve body 1 and the sliding seat 9 can move relative to each other in the axial direction, that is, in the hole length direction of the first elongated hole; in a specific embodiment, the first pin shaft 3 is connected to the sleeve body 1 by a laser welding process;

[0047] It should be noted that the matching structure of the sleeve body 1 and the sliding seat 9 of the utility model can also be that the first docking structure at the bottom of the sleeve body 1 is provided with a first elongated hole, and the second docking structure at the top of the sliding seat 9 is provided with a first pin hole, which can also achieve the effect of relative movement of the sleeve body 1 and the sliding seat 9 along the axial direction.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, the fastening structure at the top of the sleeve body 1 is a stepped hole and includes a first step and a second step, wherein the first step is a notch matching the fastener, and the second step is a cylindrical hole;

[0049] It should be noted that the first step of the fastening structure can be a plum blossom-shaped hole or a polygonal hole or other specially customized hole structures for locking and unlocking special bolts. Those skilled in the art can make specific settings according to the structure of the fastener, and the utility model does not make specific limitations.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, the sleeve assembly further includes a top core 2 and a third elastic member 8 disposed in the stepped hole; wherein two ends of the third elastic member 8 abut against the top core 2 and the sleeve body 1 respectively; the top core 2 can move relative to the sleeve body 1 in the axial direction;

[0051] In a possible embodiment, the sleeve assembly also includes a second pin shaft 4; the sleeve body 1 is provided with a second pin hole, the top core 2 is provided with a second strip hole, and the pin shaft 4 passes through the second pin hole and the second strip hole, so that the top core 2 and the sleeve body 1 can move relative to each other along the axial direction, that is, the hole length direction of the second strip hole; in a specific embodiment, the second pin shaft 4 is connected to the sleeve body 1 by laser welding technology.

[0052] It should be noted that the matching structure of the sleeve body 1 and the top core 2 of the utility model can also be that the sleeve body 1 is provided with a second strip hole and the top core 2 is provided with a second pin hole, which can also achieve the effect of relative movement of the top core 2 and the sleeve body 1 along the axial direction;

[0053] The advantage of the above structural setting is that by setting the top core 2 and the third elastic member 8, after the sleeve assembly is tightened or loosened, such as a fastener such as a locking bolt, the top core 2 applies force upward to the fastener under the elastic force of the third elastic member 8, making it easier to separate the sleeve assembly from the fastener.

[0054] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, the sleeve assembly also includes a support seat 10, the top of the support seat 10 has a fourth docking structure, and the bottom of the sliding seat 9 has a third docking structure; specifically, the third docking structure is a second docking hole, and the fourth docking structure is a second docking column, and the second docking column of the support seat 10 can be adapted and plugged with the second docking hole of the sliding seat 9 and limited;

[0055] In a possible implementation, the sleeve assembly further includes a limiting member 12 and a fourth connecting member 13; the second docking column is provided with an assembly hole along the cross-sectional direction, the limiting member 12 and the fourth elastic member 13 are installed in the assembly hole, the two ends of the fourth elastic member 13 respectively abut the bottom of the assembly hole and the limiting member 12, and a portion of the limiting member 12 extends out of the assembly hole; the second docking hole is provided with a limiting hole at a position corresponding to the limiting member 12, so that the portion of the limiting member 12 extending out of the assembly hole can be inserted into the limiting hole for limiting;

[0056] In a specific embodiment, after the limiting member 12 and the fourth elastic member 13 are installed in the assembly hole of the support seat 10, they are sealed by riveting; the limiting member 12 can compress the fourth elastic member 13 so that it is completely in the assembly hole, and can also return to its original position under the action of the fourth elastic member 13; thus, the support seat 10 and the sliding seat 9 can be assembled or disassembled by the limiting member 12 and the fourth elastic member 13;

[0057] It should be noted that the utility model can also adopt a solution in which the third docking structure is the second docking column and the fourth docking structure is the second docking hole; and technical personnel in this field can specifically set the specific structure of the limiting member 12, for example, the limiting member 12 can be a marble, a limiting rod, etc., and the utility model does not make specific limitations.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, the sleeve assembly further includes a protective plate 11, which is disposed between the support seat 10 and the sliding seat 9 to play a sealing role after the support seat 10 and the sliding seat 9 are correspondingly assembled.

[0059] It should be noted that the first elastic member 5, the second elastic member 7, the third elastic member 8 and the fourth elastic member 13 of the present invention can be springs, leaf springs or elastic sleeves, etc. Those skilled in the art can make specific choices, and the present invention does not make any specific limitations.

[0060] Embodiment 2

[0061] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the elastic component of this embodiment includes a first elastic part 14 and a second elastic part 15 which are integrally formed and arranged in series.

[0062] Among them, the spring pitch of the first elastic part 14 is larger, and the corresponding elastic coefficient is smaller; the spring pitch of the second elastic part 15 is smaller, and the corresponding elastic coefficient is larger; the overall elastic coefficient of the elastic component is smaller than the elastic coefficient of the first elastic part 14;

[0063] The specific process of the sleeve assembly of this embodiment applying different elastic forces to different vehicle models is as follows:

[0064] When a small elastic force needs to be applied to the first vehicle model, the sleeve body 1 and the sliding seat 9 are relatively moved to compress the elastic component. Since the elastic coefficient of the first elastic part 14 is small and the deformation of the first elastic part 14 is large, the small elastic force is mainly generated by compressing the first elastic part 14 when the elastic component is compressed.

[0065] When a large elastic force needs to be applied to the second vehicle type, the first elastic portion 14 is fully compressed and the second elastic portion 15 continues to be compressed to provide a large elastic force to the second vehicle type.

[0066] It should be noted that the elastic component of the present invention may also include a first elastic part 14, a second elastic part 15 and a third elastic part that are integrally formed and arranged in series, that is, those skilled in the art can specifically set the number of elastic parts included in the elastic component; and the first elastic part 14 and the second elastic part 15 of the present invention may also be manufactured separately and then connected in series; or the elastic component may also be a variable pitch spring, that is, the spring pitch of the elastic component gradually decreases from top to bottom; those skilled in the art can make specific settings according to actual conditions, and the present invention does not make specific limitations.

[0067] The embodiment of the utility model also provides a locking and unlocking device, comprising a power system and the above-mentioned sleeve assembly; wherein the power system is connected to the support seat 10 of the sleeve assembly;

[0068] The power system of the present invention can be a disc power system or an axis power system, and those skilled in the art can select the power system according to the actual application; and those skilled in the art can specifically set the connection method between the power system and the support seat 10, such as by fastener connection or key connection, etc., and the present invention does not make specific limitations.

[0069] It should be noted that the above implementation mode is only used to illustrate the principle of the utility model and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the utility model. Without departing from the principle of the utility model, those skilled in the art can adjust the above method so that the utility model can be applied to more specific application scenarios.

[0070] For example, in a replaceable embodiment, the matching structure of the sleeve body 1 and the sliding seat 9 can also be arranged that the sleeve body 1 includes a cylindrical bottom hole, and the sliding seat 9 includes a cylindrical protrusion. After the two are matched, they can move relative to each other in the axial direction, and the two ends of the spring are respectively fixedly connected to the sleeve body 1 and the sliding seat 9. Through this arrangement, the sleeve body 1 and the sliding seat 9 can also move relative to each other and automatically return to their original positions under the action of the spring; similarly, as long as the structure can achieve this function, it belongs to the form to be expressed by the utility model and will fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

[0071] For example, in a replaceable embodiment, the matching structure of the sleeve body 1 and the top core 2 can also be arranged that the top core 2 is arranged to be cylindrical, the sleeve body 1 has a circular hole corresponding to the top core 2, and the two can move relative to each other in the axial direction after matching, and the two ends of the spring are respectively fixedly connected to the sleeve body 1 and the top core 2. Through this arrangement, the relative movement of the sleeve body 1 and the top core 2 can also be achieved and automatically return to the original position under the action of the spring; similarly, as long as the structure can achieve this function, it belongs to the form to be expressed by the utility model and will fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

[0072] For example, in an alternative embodiment, the first elastic part 14 and the second elastic part 15 of the elastic component can also be arranged to have different spring wire diameters or different spring materials. That is, as long as the solution that the elastic coefficients of the first elastic part 14 and the second elastic part 15 are different is within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0073] For example, in an alternative embodiment, the third docking structure and the fourth docking structure may also be configured such that the third docking structure is a hole with a keyway, and the fourth docking structure is a cylinder with a keyway, and the two are connected by a key connection.

[0074] So far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sleeve assembly, characterized in that: include: A sleeve body (1), wherein the top of the sleeve body (1) has a fastening structure, and the bottom of the sleeve body (1) has a first docking structure; A sliding seat (9), wherein the top of the sliding seat (9) has a second docking structure, the second docking structure docks with the first docking structure, and the sleeve body (1) is capable of moving axially relative to the sliding seat (9); as well as An elastic component, wherein two ends of the elastic component are respectively in contact with the sleeve body (1) and the sliding seat (9), and the elastic component comprises at least two parts with different elastic coefficients.

2. The sleeve assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that The elastic component comprises a first elastic member (5) and a second elastic member (7) which are arranged in series, and the elastic coefficient of the first elastic member (5) is smaller than the elastic coefficient of the second elastic member (7).

3. The sleeve assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that It also includes an anti-collapse sleeve (6); the two ends of the first elastic member (5) are respectively in contact with the inner bottom surface of the anti-collapse sleeve (6) and the sleeve body (1); the two ends of the second elastic member (7) are respectively in contact with the outer bottom surface of the anti-collapse sleeve (6) and the sliding seat (9).

4. The sleeve assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that The elastic component comprises a first elastic part (14) and a second elastic part (15) which are integrally formed and arranged in series, and the elastic coefficient of the first elastic part (14) is smaller than the elastic coefficient of the second elastic part (15).

5. The sleeve assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that The spring pitch of the first elastic part (14) is greater than the spring pitch of the second elastic part (15).

6. The sleeve assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that It also includes a first pin shaft (3); one of the first docking structure and the second docking structure is provided with a first pin hole, and the other is provided with a first strip hole; the first pin hole and the first strip hole are connected via the first pin shaft (3), and the first pin shaft (3) can move along the hole length direction of the first strip hole.

7. The sleeve assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that The fastening structure is a stepped hole, the first step of the stepped hole is a notch matching the fastener, and the second step of the stepped hole is a cylindrical hole.

8. The sleeve assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that It also includes a top core (2) and a third elastic member (8) arranged in the stepped hole; The top core (2) is movable relative to the sleeve body (1) in the axial direction, and two ends of the third elastic member (8) are respectively in contact with the top core (2) and the sleeve body (1).

9. The sleeve assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that It also includes a second pin shaft (4); one of the sleeve body (1) and the top core (2) is provided with a second pin hole, and the other is provided with a second strip hole, the second pin hole and the second strip hole are connected by the second pin shaft (4), and the second pin shaft (4) can move along the hole length direction of the second strip hole.

10. The sleeve assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that It also comprises a support seat (10); the top of the support seat (10) has a fourth docking structure, the bottom of the sliding seat (9) has a third docking structure, and the third docking structure is docked with the fourth docking structure.

11. The sleeve assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that It also includes a limiting component (12) and a fourth elastic component (13); The third docking structure is a docking hole, and the fourth docking structure is a docking column; the docking column is provided with an assembly hole along the cross-sectional direction, the limiting component (12) and the fourth elastic component (13) are installed in the assembly hole, the two ends of the fourth elastic component (13) are respectively in contact with the bottom of the assembly hole and the limiting component (12), and part of the limiting component (12) extends out of the assembly hole; A limiting hole adapted to the limiting component (12) is provided in the docking hole.

12. A locking and unlocking device, characterized in that: The locking and unlocking device comprises a power system and a sleeve assembly according to any one of claims 1-11.

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