Instant sampling device for mud flat wetland sediments

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of environmental sample collection equipment, and particularly relates to an instant sampling device for mud flat wetland sediments, which comprises a deposition bottom plate, a sampling frame, a marker post type fixing pile, a mud scraper and the like, the deposition bottom plate is a flat plate with a set size and a fixed contact, and is flatly laid on the mud flat wetland to receive silt and substances carried by the silt; the marker post type fixing piles are used for fixing the arranged flat plates and serve as marks for indicating sampling points in the later period; the mud scraping plate is an appliance for collecting sediments after the folding hopper is inserted into the lower portion of the open edge of the deposition bottom plate, and after the specifications of the mud flat wetland real-time sampler and the accessories of the mud flat wetland real-time sampler are adjusted, the mud flat wetland real-time sampler and the accessories of the mud flat wetland real-time sampler can be used in real-time sampling of mud flat wetlands of different textures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ecological environment research technology, in particular to a tidal flat wetland sediment

[0002] Real-time sampling device for accumulated matter. Background Art

[0003] Tidal flat wetlands refer to the edges or interiors of oceans, lakes, rivers, reservoirs, and other water bodies, which are submerged when high water levels are formed by tides or floods, and exposed when the water recedes at normal water levels. Tidal flat wetlands, also known as floodplain wetlands, are a type of wetland transitional from water to land, and are the result of the combined effects of natural processes and human activities.

[0004] Tidal flat wetlands can be divided into various types according to their matrix and biochemical composition, including sandy beaches, muddy beaches, gravel beaches, saline-alkali beaches, and grass beaches. Their sedimentary physical and chemical factors are variable and diverse. They are permanent or seasonal homes for fish, large benthic animals, phytoplankton, aquatic and wetland plants, etc. They are also important foraging, cruising, and breeding places for birds. They are of great significance to biodiversity conservation and are an important research target area in related fields such as wetland science and management, and ecological environmental monitoring.

[0005] There are many forms of sediment sampling devices at home and abroad, including piston type, rotary rod type, hammer type, pressurized type, etc., but they are all based on the characteristics of the sampling device, and the existing sediments are sampled in layers and sections. On the one hand, there is artificiality in the division of each layer; on the other hand, the analysis results only represent the vertical changes of sediments, reflecting the long-term rough process of wetland ecosystems. With the advancement of scientific research precision, the requirements for ecological environment prediction and forecasting, as well as the increase in disaster assessment and ecological compensation needs, tidal flat wetland sediments are used as ecological environment event response units driven by nature and man. It is increasingly urgent to study their records and expressions of short-term hydrological processes, single major natural disasters or pollution diffusion. It is very necessary to design an instant tidal flat wetland sediment sampling device. Utility Model Content

[0006] In order to solve the problems existing in the above background technologies, the utility model proposes an instant sampling device for tidal flat wetland sediments.

[0007] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a real-time sampling device for tidal flat wetland sediments in response to the current scientific needs for refinement of monitoring and analysis of natural disasters, environmental events, etc., quantification of hazard assessment, and accuracy of prediction and forecasting.

[0008] The instant sampling device for tidal flat wetland sediments includes a sedimentation base plate, a sampling frame, a benchmark-type fixed pile and a scraper. The sedimentation base plate includes a panel, a panel folded edge, and a fixed plate at the lower part of the folded edge, wherein a wedge hole is provided at the front end of the fixed plate at the lower part of the folded edge; the sampling frame is a trapezoidal frame, which is composed of a vertical folded edge in the vertical direction and a horizontal transverse folded edge; a folding bucket is fixed at the wide end of the trapezoidal frame, and the rear end and the side rear end of the folding bucket are fixed to the rear vertical folded edge at the rear side of the sampling frame and the rear part of the vertical folded edges on both sides, and the side front end of the folding bucket is connected to the front part of the vertical folded edges on both sides by a folding spring; the front end of the folding bucket is wrapped by a dustpan edge strip, the benchmark-type fixed pile is a narrow cone or cylinder, and the scraper is a trapezoidal plate, which is composed of a scraper and a handle suitable for the hand shape on the short side.

[0009] Among the four parts of the instant sampling device for tidal flat wetland sediments, the sedimentation bottom plate panel is of regular square specifications with a side length of 20 cm; there are folded edges on all four sides, with the same length as the sedimentation bottom plate panel and a width of 2-3 cm; three of them have fixed plates with a length of 5 cm and a width of 3 cm; there is a wedge hole near the edge of the fixing plate, with a diameter of 0.6-1.0 cm; the sampling frame is a rectangular trapezoid, the narrow end is a square, the top side is 20.2 cm long, and the side side is 20.2 cm long; the wide end of the trapezoid has a bottom side length of 24 cm and a side length of 15 cm; the vertical folded edge width of the sampling frame is 5-8 cm; the horizontal folded edge width is 3 cm; the folding bucket body is 30 cm wide and 15-20 cm deep; the side strip of the folding bucket is 2 cm wide. The benchmark type fixed pile is a cone or a cylinder; if it is a cone, the diameter of the lower end (3-1) is about 0.5cm; the diameter of the upper end (3-2) is greater than 1.2cm; the length is greater than 15cm; when it is a cylinder, the diameter is similar to the diameter of the fixed plate wedge hole on the deposition bottom plate; the scraper is a trapezoidal flat plate, the long side of the bottom is 10-15cm; the short side of the top is 8-10cm; the height is 8-10cm; the thickness is 0.8-1.2mm; the handle is on the top short side of the trapezoidal scraper, and the thickness is 1.5-2.5cm.

[0010] The materials of each part of the instant sampling device for tidal flat wetland sediments are as follows: the sedimentation bottom plate and the main body of the sampling frame are made of tinplate, stainless steel, or tempered PVC board; the main body of the folding bucket of the sampling frame is made of waterproof canvas or polyester waterproof cloth, and the side strips of the folding bucket head are made of rubber or elastic plastic; the benchmark-type fixed stakes are made of wood or plastic steel; the scraper part of the scraper is made of stainless steel, and the gripper part is made of rubber or elastic plastic.

[0011] The smooth side of the waterproof canvas or polyester waterproof cloth of the folding bucket faces inward, and the rear end and the rear ends of both sides are fixed to the vertical edges corresponding to the widened end of the sampling frame by rivets; the middle end and the front end are connected to the vertical edges of the widened end of the sampling frame through folding springs, and the position and extension of the folding bucket are controlled by a handle installed at the front end of the folding bucket.

[0012] The benchmark-type fixed pile and the scraper are practical auxiliary tools of the present invention and can be replaced by existing tools. The benchmark-type fixed pile can be replaced by 6×150 expansion screws; the scraper can be replaced by a household cutting knife; the rubber edging of the horizontal folded edge of the sampling frame is prone to aging and loosening due to heat and cold, and can be replaced by multi-layer electrical tape. Under special environmental conditions, the specifications of the present invention can be adjusted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling frame structure of the instant sampling device for tidal flat wetland sediments of the utility model;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the deposition base structure in the utility model;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the standard rod type fixed pile in the utility model;

[0016] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the scraper plate in the utility model.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Sedimentation bottom plate; 2. Sampling frame; 3. Benchmark type fixed pile; 4. Mud scraper; 1-1. Panel; 1-2. Folded edge; 1-3. Fixed plate; 1-4. Wedge hole; 2-1. Frame; 2-2. Narrow end; 2-3. Widened end; 2-4. Vertical folded edge; 2-5. Horizontal folded edge; 2-6. Folding bucket; 2-6-1. Bucket body; 2-6-2. Folding bucket side strip; 2-6-3. Rivet; 2-6-4. Folding spring; 2-6-5. Handle; 3-1. Lower end; 3-2. Upper end; 3-3. Waterproof paint mark; 4-1. Rubber elastic plastic gripper; 4-2. Stainless steel scraper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Combine the following Figures 1 to 4 The implementation method of the utility model is specifically described as a real-time sampling device for sediments in the Yellow River beach wetlands serving ecological positioning sites.

[0019] 1. Site selection for sedimentation bottom plate: At the beginning of the study period, according to the water and soil ecological gradient created by the terrain, an ecological gradient sample line was selected from the permanent river wetland (river channel) to the highest point of the tidal flat wetland, and a sediment sampling point was determined every 8m on the sample line.

[0020] 2. The method of laying out the sedimentation base plate is as follows: the face plate of the sedimentation base plate faces upward, and the fixing plate is bent 90 degrees and parallel to the face plate; the sedimentation base plate is lightly pressed on the beach at the sample point to form a bottom contour, the above-ground parts of the plants on the beach within the contour line are cleaned up, and the underground rhizomes buried within a depth of less than 5 cm are dug out, and a corresponding contour of 2-3 cm deep is arranged at the position of the fixing plate; after leveling the beach ground within the contour line with the surrounding ground, the sedimentation base plate is buckled in place and pressed into the soil layer with force; the benchmark fixed pile sprayed with bright colors is inserted into the wedge hole of the fixing plate with the pile head facing upward, and it is knocked into the beach with a rubber hammer. The insertion depth should be 5-10 cm. At this point, the sedimentation base plate is laid out.

[0021] 3. Sampling method: After a certain sedimentation period, sampling is carried out when the water level drops and the beach becomes a mudflat, wet beach or dry beach, and the sample lines and sample points laid out in advance are found according to the positioning.

[0022] 4. Using three benchmark fixed piles as control points, hold the sampling frame horizontally, with the narrow end of the sampling frame facing downward, and slowly lower it along the inside of the benchmark fixed pile. After slight adjustment, completely wrap the muddy bottom plate in the sampling frame, and apply force downward on all four sides of the sampling frame to the hard object. At this time, the sampling frame has reached the depth of the fixed piece; go to the sedimentary bottom plate edge strip between the narrow end and the wide end of the sampling frame, and use a mud scraper to clean the mud and other materials on the outside of the edge strip to form a wedge-shaped slope from the wide end of the sampling frame to the bottom of the sedimentary bottom plate edge strip; operate the handle to pull out the folding bucket, insert the dustpan edge strip into the lower part of the sedimentary bottom plate edge strip, and use the mud scraper to scrape all the sediment on the muddy bottom plate into the folding bucket; retract the folding bucket and lift it from the mudflat together with the sampling frame to complete a round of sampling.

[0023] The tidal flat wetland sediments in the folding bucket can be collected into a sampling bag with a scraper or brush and brought back to the laboratory for processing. If you are doing research on microorganisms in the sediment, you need to use a small spoon to put it into a plastic or glass sampling tube and bring it back to the laboratory in a portable ice bucket. The sediment base and the sampling frame folding bucket should be properly cleaned after each sampling.

[0024] When the sedimentary bottom plate is sampled multiple times and the panel height is 2-3 cm lower than the surrounding mudflat ground, it should be folded and the bottom surface should be leveled and rearranged.

[0025] This instant sampling device for tidal flat wetland sediments is now the third generation. The first generation sampling frame is a rectangular parallelepiped, which is not consistent at the front and back ends. An external dustpan is used to collect sediments, but the problem of sediment mixing inside and outside the sample plot is prominent during operation; the second generation sampling frame is still the same width front and back, but the external separate dustpan is replaced by a built-in semi-fixed folding bucket. In actual operation, the folding bucket has a narrow telescopic space, and the problems of mixed layers and mixing cannot be completely avoided. The utility model is the third generation and better avoids the above problems.

Claims

1. A device for sampling sediments in a tidal flat wetland in real time, the sampling device comprising a sediment base plate (1), a sampling frame (2), a benchmark type fixed pile (3) and a scraper (4); wherein: The sedimentation base plate (1) is a body with a folding frame, which is flattened and inserted into the tidal flat wetland before the sampling season, and wedged into the benchmark-type fixed pile (3) for marking; the overall narrow end of the sampling frame (2) is inserted into the tidal flat wetland along the inner side of the benchmark-type fixed pile, encircling the three sides of the sedimentation base plate (1); the outside of the fourth side of the sedimentation base plate (1) without the benchmark-type fixed pile and the inside of the widened end of the sampling frame are trimmed and dug down, and the folding bucket is pulled out to the bottom of the fourth side; the scraper (4) is a scraper with a handle, which scrapes all the silted materials on the sedimentation base plate (1) into the folding bucket.

2. The instant sampling device for tidal flat wetland sediments according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The scraper (4) is composed of two parts: a rubber elastic plastic gripper (4-1) and a stainless steel scraper (4-2).

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