Battery protection device

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery protection device. The battery protection device comprises a lead-acid battery pack, a battery protection plate, a charger and a whole vehicle electric appliance which are connected with one another, the charger is connected with the lead-acid battery pack through a battery protection plate; the whole vehicle electric appliance comprises a motor control unit and other electric appliances, and the lead-acid battery pack is respectively connected with the motor control unit and the other electric appliances through the battery protection board. The lead-acid battery pack is connected with the charger through the battery protection board, so that when the lead-acid battery pack is charged through the charger, the battery protection board can perform charging protection on the lead-acid battery pack. The lead-acid battery pack is connected with the electric appliance of the whole vehicle through the battery protection plate, so that the battery protection plate can ensure that the lead-acid battery provides safe electricity for the electric appliance of the whole vehicle, and safe vehicle use of a user is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, and in particular to a battery protection device. Background Art

[0002] For current lead-acid battery models, the meter power display is usually estimated and displayed based on the battery voltage. This method will cause the battery voltage to fluctuate greatly when the vehicle starts or accelerates suddenly, and the displayed power will also fluctuate greatly, making it impossible to show the customer the current accurate power. When the vehicle has been stationary for a long time, the battery voltage recovers and the power displayed on the meter also recovers. In fact, the real power does not recover because energy is conserved. The recovered power displayed on the meter is actually "virtual power" and does not have the capacity to carry load. As the power consumption of the entire vehicle increases, the battery voltage drops immediately. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a battery protection device to solve part or all of the technical problems in the background technology.

[0004] Based on the above purpose, the present application provides a battery protection device, including: a lead-acid battery pack, a battery protection board, a charger and a vehicle electrical appliance connected to each other;

[0005] The charger is connected to the lead-acid battery pack via a battery protection board;

[0006] The vehicle electrical appliances include a motor control unit and other electrical appliances, and the lead-acid battery pack is connected to the motor control unit and the other electrical appliances respectively through the battery protection board.

[0007] Optionally, the battery protection board also includes a charging head, a charging and discharging control unit and a main control unit. The insertion end of the charging head is pluggable connected to the charger, the main control end of the charging head is connected to the main control unit through the charging and discharging control unit, and the main control unit is connected to the lead-acid battery pack.

[0008] Optionally, the other electrical appliances include an electric door lock, and the battery protection board also includes an electric door lock detection circuit, and the electric door lock detection circuit is connected to the electric door lock.

[0009] Optionally, the battery protection board also includes an insertion detection circuit, and the insertion detection circuit is connected to the charging head via the main control unit.

[0010] Optionally, the battery protection board further includes a temperature acquisition circuit, a first end of the temperature acquisition circuit is connected to the lead-acid battery pack via the charge and discharge control unit, and a second end of the temperature acquisition circuit is connected to the main control unit.

[0011] Optionally, the battery protection board further includes a voltage detection circuit, a first end of the voltage detection circuit is connected to the lead-acid battery pack, and a second end of the voltage detection circuit is connected to a main control unit.

[0012] Optionally, the battery protection board further includes a current sampling circuit, a first end of the current sampling circuit is connected to the lead-acid battery pack, and a second end of the current sampling circuit is connected to a main control unit.

[0013] Optionally, the other electrical appliances include an alarm light, the battery protection board also includes an alarm circuit, a first end of the alarm circuit is connected to the main control unit, and a second end is connected to the alarm light.

[0014] Optionally, the battery protection board further includes a power converter, a first end of the power converter is connected to the lead-acid battery pack via a charge and discharge control unit, and a second end of the power converter is connected to the other electrical appliances.

[0015] Optionally, the battery protection board further includes an internal power supply circuit, a first end of the internal power supply circuit is connected to the lead-acid battery pack, and a second end of the internal power supply is connected to the main control unit.

[0016] From the above, it can be seen that the battery protection device provided by the present application includes a connected lead-acid battery pack, a battery protection board, a charger and a whole vehicle electrical appliance; the charger is connected to the lead-acid battery pack through the battery protection board; the whole vehicle electrical appliance includes a motor control unit and other electrical appliances, and the lead-acid battery pack is respectively connected to the motor control unit and the other electrical appliances through the battery protection board. The lead-acid battery pack is connected to the charger through the battery protection board, so that when the charger charges the lead-acid battery pack, the battery protection board can play a role in charging protection for the lead-acid battery pack. The lead-acid battery pack is connected to the whole vehicle electrical appliance through the battery protection board, so that the battery protection board can ensure that the lead-acid battery provides safe electricity for the whole vehicle electrical appliances and ensure the safety of users' use of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery protection device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery protection board according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 3 and Figure 4 A circuit diagram of a charge and discharge control unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 5 A circuit diagram of a main control unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 6 A circuit diagram of an internal power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 7 A circuit diagram of a power converter according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 8 A circuit diagram of an insertion detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Fig. 9 A circuit diagram of a one-line communication module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Fig.10 A circuit diagram of a voltage detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Fig.11 A circuit diagram of an electric door lock detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Fig.12 A circuit diagram of a communication module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig.13 A circuit diagram of a current sampling circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Fig.14 A circuit diagram of a temperature acquisition circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Fig.15 Other auxiliary circuit diagrams of the embodiments of the present application;

[0032] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of the lead-acid battery input terminal specified in GB42295 of an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Fig.17 This is a schematic diagram of the output terminal of a lead-acid battery charger as specified in GB42295 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] In the attached figure:

[0035] 1-1, lead-acid battery pack; 1-2, battery protection board; 1-3, charger; 1-4, other electrical appliances; 1-5, motor control unit; 2-1, charging head; 2-2-1, charge and discharge control unit; 2-2-2, main control unit; 2-2-3, internal power supply circuit; 2-2-4, power converter; 2-2-5, insertion detection circuit; 2-2-6, one-line communication module; 2-2-7, voltage detection circuit; 2-2-8, electric door lock detection circuit; 2-2-9, communication module; 2-2-10, current sampling circuit; 2-2-11, temperature acquisition circuit; 2-2-12, alarm circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should be the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present application belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the embodiments of the present application do not represent any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Including" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing in front of the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0038] Based on the description of the background technology, in the past few years, with the increase in the use of electric vehicles, many fire accidents have occurred in the charging process of electric bicycles in China, causing some mass casualties. Although the state has issued GB 36944-2018 "Technical Requirements for Electric Bicycle Chargers" (issued on December 28, 2018, and implemented on July 1, 2019), due to the fact that this standard is a non-mandatory national standard and the competent authorities have not promoted and enforced it enough, and the quality of chargers and batteries is uneven, many fire accidents caused by electric vehicle charging have still occurred. Non-standard electric vehicle chargers have a short warranty period and are prone to overcharging and damaging the battery, and serious short circuits, overheating, and even spontaneous combustion.

[0039] The principle of the circuit breaker is to use the thermal expansion and bending of the bimetallic strip to push the lever, so that the circuit breaker can trip quickly to protect the load. This method is slow and has low precision. It usually needs to be 120% larger than the rated current to cut off the circuit and play a protective role. The precision can only reach 1A (ampere) level, which cannot protect against small current leakage. The principle of the fuse is that when the current is large, the fuse heats up and melts. It can only protect once. If it burns out, it must be replaced. In addition, the fuse may burn out abnormally, such as when the power is turned on, plugging and unplugging devices, poor contact, and long-term use of the fuse, which will cause the fuse to burn out.

[0040] On December 29, 2022, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the mandatory standard document "Electrical Safety Requirements for Electric Bicycles", which explains the necessity, feasibility analysis, compliance, coordination analysis, implementation analysis, project undertaking unit capacity conditions, project budget and schedule. Since this standard is a hot topic of electric bicycle combustion that has attracted social attention and has caused a great social impact, the judges unanimously agreed that it is very necessary to draft this mandatory national standard. The GB42295 standard was issued on December 29, 2022 and implemented on January 1, 2024. That is to say, from January 1, 2023, enterprises (production fields) shall not produce products that do not meet this standard.

[0041] The main requirements for battery safety stipulated in the standard are as follows:

[0042] 1. Except for the main circuit (the circuit from the battery to the motor controller) and the circuit directly connected to the battery pack, the voltage of any other circuit in the vehicle shall not exceed 35.0V (DC) and 16.0V (AC) in any state.

[0043] 2. After the vehicle's electric door lock is turned off, cut off the connection between the battery system output terminal and the main circuit, and the voltage of its output port (connected to the main circuit) is 0V (DC) and 0V (AC).

[0044] 3. To prevent sudden temperature rise from causing combustion and injuring users, it is stipulated that when the internal temperature of the battery system or the temperature of a single battery is close to exceeding the temperature it can withstand, the battery system should issue an alarm sound greater than 85dB(A).

[0045] 4. Failure of the protection device When a closed-circuit fault occurs in the switch controlling the input and output circuits, the new power protection device shall immediately cut off the internal connection with the battery pack and shall not automatically restore the connection.

[0046] 5. Charging protection: main circuit protection in charging state, charging overvoltage protection, charging overcurrent protection, and charging port wrong connection protection.

[0047] 6. Discharge protection: The vehicle battery system should have a discharge overcurrent protection function. During the discharge process, when the total discharge current (main circuit current plus secondary circuit current) reaches 105% of the vehicle's maximum operating current (the larger value of the measured value and the current limiting protection upper limit value indicated by the manufacturer), the battery system should cut off all discharge circuits within 1 second. The viscosity error of the battery system in judging discharge overcurrent should be ±5%. The current limiting protection value indicated by the vehicle manufacturer should be less than 95% of the maximum discharge current indicated by the battery pack used.

[0048] 7. Mutual recognition and coordinated charging: The vehicle battery system should have the function of mutual recognition and coordinated charging with the charger. The battery system should first be mutually recognized and coordinated with the charger before charging can begin.

[0049] In order to solve the above technical problems, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , the utility model provides a battery protection device, comprising: a lead-acid battery pack 1-1, a battery protection board 1-2, a charger 1-3 and a vehicle electrical appliance connected to each other;

[0050] The charger 1-3 is connected to the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 through the battery protection board 1-2;

[0051] The vehicle electrical appliances include a motor control unit 1-5 and other electrical appliances 1-4, and the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 is connected to the motor control unit 1-5 and the other electrical appliances 1-4 respectively through the battery protection board 1-2.

[0052] Specifically, the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 is connected to the charger 1-3 through the battery protection board 1-2, so that when the charger 1-3 charges the lead-acid battery pack 1-1, the battery protection board 1-2 can protect the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 from charging. The lead-acid battery pack 1-1 is connected to the vehicle electrical appliances through the battery protection board 1-2, so that the battery protection board 1-2 can ensure that the lead-acid battery provides safe electricity for the vehicle electrical appliances, ensuring the safety of the user's vehicle.

[0053] In some embodiments, the battery protection board 1-2 also includes a charging head 2-1, a charging and discharging control unit 2-2-1 and a main control unit 2-2-2. The insertion end of the charging head 2-1 is pluggable connected to the charger 1-3, the main control end of the charging head 2-1 is connected to the main control unit 2-2-2 through the charging and discharging unit, and the main control unit 2-2-2 is connected to the lead-acid battery pack 1-1.

[0054] Specifically, the charger 1-3 charges the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 through the charging head 2-1, the charging and discharging control unit 2-2-1 and the main control unit 2-2-2. The main control unit 2-2-2 can control the charging and discharging of the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 by sending a control signal to the charging and discharging unit.

[0055] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the main control unit 2-2-2 includes a chip U11, a capacitor C101 connected to the chip U11, a resistor R151, a resistor R21, a resistor R120, a resistor R24, a resistor R25, a resistor R22, a resistor R28, a resistor R26, a resistor R27, a resistor R154, a resistor R150, a resistor R152, a resistor R153, a SDW1 chip, a resistor R155, a capacitor C31, a resistor R36, a diode D10, a transistor U15, and a capacitor C33. The charge and discharge control unit 2-2-1 includes: a Perchargedect sampling module, a charging detection module, a LOADDECT sampling module, a discharge MOSFET control module and a power detection module, wherein the Perchargedect sampling module includes a connected capacitor C42, a diode D15, a resistor R47, a resistor R126, a resistor R48, a resistor R49, a resistor R50, a resistor R51, a resistor R52, a resistor R54, a resistor R56, a resistor R57, a transistor Q2, a transistor Q3, a transistor Q4 and a transistor U14. The specific connection relationship can be seen Figure 3, no further details are given here. The Perchargedect sampling module is connected to the charging detection module, the LOADDECT sampling module, the discharge MOSFET control module and the power detection module respectively through the BAT+ interface and / or the PACK- interface. The Perchargedect sampling module is connected to the 15th and 14th pins of the chip U11 of the main control unit 2-2-2 through ADC_PERCHARGEDEOT and PRECHARGEDECT_EN. The charging detection module includes capacitor C91, capacitor C92, capacitor C93, capacitor C94, transistor U5, transistor U6, resistor R53, diode D16, capacitor C43, resistor R55, transistor Q5, resistor R60, transistor Q6, resistor R59 and resistor R58 connected to each other. The LOADDECT sampling module includes: transistor U13, resistor R103, resistor R104, diode D24, resistor R106, resistor R109, capacitor C678, transistor Q15, resistor R105, resistor R107, transistor Q16, resistor R108, resistor R110, transistor Q17, resistor R112, and resistor R111. The LOADDECT sampling module is connected to the 39th and 10th pins of the U11 chip of the main control unit 2-2-2 through the LOADDECT_EN and ADC_LOADDECT interfaces. The discharge MOSFET control module includes capacitor C87, capacitor C88, transistor Q26, resistor R134, capacitor C89, capacitor C90, transistor Q27, resistor R132, transistor Q28, resistor R133, resistor R113, diode D25, diode D27, diode D26, transistor Q18, transistor Q19, resistor R115, resistor R117, transistor Q22, resistor R119, and resistor R120. The power detection module includes resistor R123, resistor R121, resistor R122, transistor Q23, resistor R25, and transistor Q24, which are connected to each other. The power detection module is connected to the 32nd pin of the chip U11 of the main control unit 2-2-2 through the DISCHARGE_EN_POWEROFF interface.

[0056] In some embodiments, the other electrical appliances 1-4 include an electric door lock, and the battery protection board 1-2 also includes an electric door lock detection circuit 2-2-8, and the electric door lock detection circuit 2-2-8 is connected to the electric door lock.

[0057] Specifically, the electric door lock detection circuit 2-2-8 is used to detect the switch state of the electric door lock, and feed back the detected signal to the main control unit 2-2-2, and the main control unit 2-2-2 controls the input and output of the battery protection board 1-2.

[0058] like Fig.11As shown, the electric door lock detection circuit 2-2-8 includes: a resistor R45, a resistor R43, a resistor R46, a capacitor C41, and a diode D13 connected to each other. The electric door lock detection circuit 2-2-8 is connected to the 11th pin of the chip U11 of the main control unit 2-2-2 through the interface ACC_ADC.

[0059] Furthermore, the other electrical appliances 1-4 may also include instruments, central controls and lights.

[0060] In some embodiments, the battery protection board 1-2 also includes an insertion detection circuit 2-2-5, and the insertion detection circuit 2-2-5 is connected to the charging head 2-1 via the main control unit 2-2-2.

[0061] Specifically, the main control unit 2-2-2 can be controlled by the insertion detection circuit 2-2-5 to detect the access of the charging head 2-1 to ensure the safety of the charging process. Figure 8 and Fig.15 As shown, the insertion detection circuit 2-2-5 includes a diode D11, a resistor R39, a resistor R40, a capacitor C35, and a capacitor C34 connected to each other. The insertion detection circuit 2-2-5 is connected to a chip J19 through a CHG_CHECK interface, and the chip J19 can be a plug. The insertion detection circuit 2-2-5 is connected to the 36th pin of the chip U11 of the main control unit 2-2-2 through a CHG_CHECKIN interface.

[0062] In some embodiments, the battery protection board 1-2 also includes a temperature acquisition circuit 2-2-11, the first end of the temperature acquisition circuit 2-2-11 is connected to the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 via the charge and discharge control unit 2-2-1, and the second end of the temperature acquisition circuit 2-2-11 is connected to the main control unit 2-2-2.

[0063] Specifically, the temperature acquisition circuit 2-2-11 is used to acquire the temperature of the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 to ensure the safe use of the lead-acid battery pack 1-1. The temperature acquisition circuit 2-2-11 acquires the temperature of the NTC thermistor of the lead-acid battery pack 1-1. Fig.14As shown, the temperature acquisition circuit 2-2-11 includes a resistor R83, a resistor R84, a resistor R85, a resistor R86, a transistor Q11, and a transistor Q12. The first electrode of the resistor R83 is connected to the first electrode of the transistor Q11, the second electrode of the resistor R83 is connected to the NTC thermistor of the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 through the charging head 2-1, the second electrode of the transistor Q11 is connected to the first electrode of the resistor R86, the second electrode of the resistor R86 is connected to the PACK-interface, and is connected to the charge and discharge control unit 2-2-1 through the PACK-interface, and the third electrode of the transistor Q11 is connected to the NTC thermistor of the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 through the charging head 2-1. The first electrode of the transistor Q12 is connected to the first electrode of the transistor Q12, the third electrode of the transistor Q12 is connected to the second electrode of the transistor Q11, the second electrode of the transistor Q12 is connected to the charge and discharge control unit 2-2-1 through the PACK-interface, the second electrode of the transistor Q12 is also connected to the first electrode of the resistor R85, the second electrode of the resistor R85 is respectively connected to the first electrode of the transistor Q12 and the first electrode of the resistor R84, and the second electrode of the resistor R84 is connected to the 41 pin of the chip U11 of the main control unit 2-2-2 through the interface OVERTEMPERATURE_IO interface.

[0064] In some embodiments, the battery protection board 1-2 also includes a voltage detection circuit 2-2-7, a first end of the voltage detection circuit 2-2-7 is connected to the lead-acid battery pack 1-1, and a second end of the voltage detection circuit 2-2-7 is connected to the main control unit 2-2-2.

[0065] Specifically, the voltage detection circuit 2-2-7 is used to measure the voltage connected to the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 to ensure the normal operation of the voltage of the lead-acid battery pack 1-1. Fig.10 As shown, the voltage detection circuit 2-2-7 includes a resistor R61, a resistor R64, a resistor R62, a resistor and a capacitor C45, an amplifier U7, a capacitor C44, a resistor R63 and a capacitor C46. The voltage detection circuit 2-2-7 is connected to the 16th pin of the chip U11 of the main control unit 2-2-2 through the interface ADC_VOLBAT interface.

[0066] In some embodiments, the battery protection board 1-2 also includes a current sampling circuit 2-2-10, a first end of the current sampling circuit 2-2-10 is connected to the lead-acid battery pack 1-1, and a second end of the current sampling circuit 2-2-10 is connected to the main control unit 2-2-2.

[0067] Specifically, the current sampling circuit 2-2-10 is used to collect the current of the lead-acid battery pack 1-1, and transmit the collected current to the main control unit 2-2-2 for current detection, which can ensure the stable operation of the lead-acid battery. Fig.13As shown, the current sampling circuit 2-2-10 includes: chip U16, resistor R148, resistor R149, resistor R146, resistor R147, capacitor C98, capacitor C99, capacitor C100, resistor R136, resistor R137, resistor R138, resistor R139, resistor R145, resistor R144, resistor R143, resistor R142, resistor R141, capacitor C96, capacitor C97 connected to chip U16. The current sampling current is connected to the 43rd and 42nd pins of the chip U11 of the main control unit 2-2-2 through interfaces ARSN_N and ARSN_P.

[0068] In some embodiments, the other electrical appliances 1-4 include an alarm light, and the battery protection board 1-2 also includes an alarm circuit 2-2-12, a first end of the alarm circuit 2-2-12 is connected to the main control unit 2-2-2, and a second end is connected to the alarm light.

[0069] In some embodiments, the battery protection board 1-2 also includes a one-line communication circuit and a communication module 2-2-9, one end of the one-line communication circuit is connected to the main control unit 2-2-2, and the other end of the one-line communication circuit is connected to an external device, one end of the communication circuit is connected to the main control unit 2-2-2, and the other end of the communication circuit is connected to other electrical appliances 1-4.

[0070] Specifically, the one-line communication circuit box communication module 2-2-9 can realize the communication between the main control unit 2-2-2 and external devices. For example, it can be connected to an external speaker and can sound an alarm when an alarm is triggered. The communication circuit is used to connect other electrical appliances 1-4 to the main control unit 2-2-2, and is used to obtain information from other electrical appliances 1-4 and control them. Fig. 9 As shown, the one-line communication circuit includes a capacitor C39, a resistor R44, a diode D33, a capacitor C40 and a diode D14 connected to each other. The one-line communication circuit is connected to the 38th pin of the chip U11 of the main control unit 2-2-2 through the interface IGN_CHECK. The one-line communication circuit is connected to the chip J18 through the IGN interface, where J18 can be a plug-in. Fig.12As shown, the communication module 2-2-9 includes a chip U9, a resistor R89, a resistor R92, a resistor R93, a resistor R95, a resistor R96, a resistor R101, a resistor R102, a resistor R97, a resistor R99, a resistor R90, a resistor R91, a diode D21, a diode D20, a capacitor C67, a resistor R87, a resistor R88, a transistor Q13, a diode D22, a diode D23, a resistor R94, a resistor R98 and a resistor R100 connected to the chip U9. The communication circuit is connected to the J19 chip and the J18 chip through the RS485_B, RS485_A and CHG_DATA interfaces respectively. The J19 and J18 chips are plug-ins that can be connected to external devices. The communication circuit is connected to the 40th, 12th, 13th, pins of the chip U11 of the main control unit 2-2-2 through ONEWIRE_EN, UART_RX and UART_TX.

[0071] In some embodiments, the battery protection board 1-2 also includes a power converter 2-2-4, the first end of the power converter 2-2-4 is connected to the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 through a charge and discharge control unit 2-2-1, and the second end of the power converter 2-2-4 is connected to the other electrical appliances 1-4.

[0072] Specifically, the voltage provided by the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 is stepped down via the power converter 2-2-4 so as to be connected to other electrical appliances 1-4 and meet the low-voltage power demand. Figure 7 As shown, the power converter 2-2-4 is a power conversion circuit, including: chip U17, capacitor C102, capacitor C103, resistor R156, capacitor C104, diode D34, resistor R157, capacitor C106, capacitor C105, resistor R158, resistor R159 and capacitor C107 connected to chip U17. BAT+ of the power converter 2-2-4 is connected to the BAT+ interface of the charge and discharge control unit 2-2-1, and the 33V power interface of the power converter 2-2-4 is connected to other electrical appliances 1-4.

[0073] In some embodiments, the battery protection board also includes an internal power supply circuit 2-2-3, a first end of the internal power supply circuit 2-2-3 is connected to the lead-acid battery pack 1-1, and a second end of the internal power supply is connected to the main control unit 2-2-2.

[0074] Specifically, the internal power supply circuit 2-2-3 receives the voltage provided by the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 and provides the voltage to the main control unit 2-2-2. Figure 6As shown, the internal power supply circuit 2-2-3 includes a chip U20, a diode D61, a capacitor C112, a capacitor C110, a resistor R299, a resistor R302, a resistor R301, a capacitor C109, a diode D60, an inductor L5, a resistor R297, a capacitor R298, a capacitor C111, a capacitor C113, a capacitor C108, and a fuse F4 connected to the chip U20. It also includes a chip U3, a capacitor C22, a capacitor C23, and a capacitor C24 connected to the chip U3. It also includes a chip LD01, a capacitor C15, a resistor R8, and a capacitor C114 connected to LD01. The chip U3 of the internal power supply circuit 2-2-3 can be a 5V output chip, and the chip LD01 can be a 3.3V output chip. The internal power supply circuit 2-2-3 is connected to the lead-acid battery pack 1-1 through the VIN pin, and is connected to the +3V3 power supply interface of the chip U11 of the main control unit 2-2-2 through the 3.3V output pin or the 5.0V output pin.

[0075] The above PACK+, PACK-, bat+ are all connected to the corresponding battery management chips J16, J17, J7. The battery management chip also includes a chip J8.

[0076] The further structural description of the utility model is as follows:

[0077] Figure 1 It is a lead-acid vehicle motor architecture designed in accordance with GB42295. The lead-acid battery pack 1-1 is not directly connected to other electrical appliances in the vehicle, but is connected to the battery protection board 1-2. B+\B- are the positive and negative terminals of the battery.

[0078] The battery protection board 1-2 collects the temperature of the battery by connecting to the NTC thermistor in the lead-acid battery pack 1-1, thereby achieving temperature detection and early warning.

[0079] The battery protection board 1-2 has a built-in power converter 2-2-4, which converts the battery pack voltage to 33V to power other electrical appliances 1-4. The electric door lock in 1-4 is a device that controls the switch of the entire vehicle. The electric door lock signal ACC controls the battery protection board 1-2 to power the entire vehicle. Powering on includes powering on the controller 1-5 and also powering on the 33V electrical appliances. Electrical appliances 1-4 include meters that need to display power, and can obtain power information and display it by communicating with the battery protection board 1-2.

[0080] The circuit from the motor controller unit 1-5 to the battery protection board 1-2 is the "main circuit" specified by the national standard. When the vehicle is turned off (the power door lock is not opened), the battery protection board 1-2 does not output to ensure that there is no voltage at the P+P- power port to meet the national standard requirements. After the vehicle power door lock is turned off, the connection between the output end of the battery system and the main circuit is cut off, and the voltage of its output port (connected to the main circuit) is 0V.

[0081] The 1-3 charger and the battery protection board 1-2 are charged through the C+ and P- connections. The charger tells the protection board to open the charging circuit through the CC charging detection line. The charger and the protection board exchange battery information through communication to determine the charging voltage and current.

[0082] Figure 2 The basic circuit structure of the battery protection board is described. 2-1 is a schematic diagram of the national standard charging head. Fig.16 and Fig.17 This is its three-dimensional diagram. The positive and negative terminals of the charging head are structurally isolated, which effectively prevents metal foreign objects from contacting the positive and negative terminals at the same time and causing a short circuit.

[0083] The battery protection board consists of the following parts:

[0084] Charge and discharge control unit 2-2-1, main control unit 2-2-2, internal power supply circuit 2-2-3, power converter 2-2-4, also known as high-power DC / DC, 2-2-5 insertion detection circuit, one-line communication module 2-2-6, voltage detection circuit 2-2-7, electric door lock detection circuit 2-2-8, communication module 2-2-9, also known as 485 communication module, current sampling circuit 2-2-10, temperature acquisition circuit 2-2-11, alarm drive circuit 2-2-12.

[0085] The positive electrode of the battery is responsible for supplying power to the internal control circuit through the 2-2-3 low-power and high-efficiency power system. The power converter 2-2-4, that is, the high-power DC / DC, steps down the voltage to 33V for external output, which is used to supply power to other electrical appliances in the "secondary" circuit specified by the national standard. A 33V continuous 3A power solution is selected to meet the power supply requirements of low-voltage electrical appliances. For electrical appliances adapted to 12V, a 12V converter can also be selected to convert 33V to 12V for power supply.

[0086] 2-1 is a 6-pin connector, and the electric door lock signal contained therein is input to the main control unit 2-2-2 unit through the 2-2-8 electric door lock detection circuit, thereby realizing the input signal requirements of the power supply of the "primary and secondary circuits" of the electric door lock switch control.

[0087] 2-2-2 is the control unit of the transistor, which opens and closes the charging circuit. When the main control unit 2-2-2 detects abnormal temperature through the temperature acquisition circuit 2-2-11, the charging port is closed. When the main control unit 2-2-2 detects abnormal charging current through the current acquisition circuit 2-2-11 or detects that the battery is overcharged for a long time, the charging port is also closed.

[0088] The main control unit 2-2-2 controls the opening and closing of the "main circuit" through the charge and discharge control unit 2-2-1 (transistor switch circuit), so as to close the external power supply output of the "main circuit" (P+) after the electric door lock is closed. When the main control unit 2-2-2 detects the discharge overcurrent through the 2-2-10 current collection circuit, the discharge port (P+) is quickly closed.

[0089] The main control unit 2-2-2 implements the one-line protocol through the 2-2-13 communication circuit, so that the charger and other electrical appliances can obtain battery information, realize the "mutual recognition and coordinated charging" of chargers and batteries required by the standard, and ensure that batteries and rechargeable batteries of different models from different manufacturers cannot be mixed and charged. Only chargers and batteries of the same brand and model can be charged normally.

[0090] The main control unit 2-2-2 generates an alarm signal, which is connected to the 2-1 connector through the alarm circuit 2-2-12 to drive the external alarm to sound. When the battery temperature is too high, the alarm prompts. At the same time, the one-line communication protocol can also notify external electrical appliances that can sound (such as alarms, instruments with voice speakers, etc.) to sound the alarm.

[0091] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0092] It has discharge overcurrent protection for lead-acid batteries to prevent battery damage due to overcurrent. It also prevents the vehicle from burning out due to overcurrent in the discharge circuit.

[0093] Lead-acid battery temperature detection, over-temperature cut-off output, protect the battery from swelling or even damage.

[0094] Accurately estimate the power level to prevent the meter from being unable to display the accurate power level due to voltage fluctuations caused by changes in the power of the electric vehicle.

[0095] It comes with a communication protocol specified by national standards, which makes it convenient for instruments and other body electrical appliances to obtain battery information, including power information, voltage information, and battery temperature information.

[0096] Overcharge protection includes preventing the battery from being damaged by overvoltage, the charger from being damaged by low voltage, long-term charging, overcharging and other problems.

[0097] The mutual recognition and coordination of charging protocols can effectively prevent charging abnormalities caused by mismatch between charger model and battery, and even explosions and fires caused by charging.

[0098] Flexible configuration function can meet the compatibility issues of battery systems with different voltages and capacities. Configuration items include voltage, maximum charge current, maximum discharge current, capacity, etc.

[0099] It should be noted that the above describes some embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in an order different from that in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0100] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present application (including the claims) is limited to these examples. In line with the concept of the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0101] Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention, many alternatives, modifications and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the foregoing description.For example, other memory architectures may use the discussed embodiments.

[0102] The embodiments of the present application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery protection device, characterized in that: include: A connected lead-acid battery pack (1-1), a battery protection board (1-2), a charger (1-3) and vehicle electrical appliances; The charger (1-3) is connected to the lead-acid battery pack (1-1) via a battery protection board (1-2); The vehicle electrical appliances include a motor control unit (1-5) and other electrical appliances (1-4); the lead-acid battery pack (1-1) is connected to the motor control unit (1-5) and the other electrical appliances (1-4) respectively via the battery protection board (1-2).

2. A battery protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery protection board (1-2) also includes a charging head (2-1), a charging and discharging control unit (2-2-1) and a main control unit (2-2-2); the insertion end of the charging head (2-1) is pluggably connected to the charger (1-3); the main control end of the charging head (2-1) is connected to the main control unit (2-2-2) via the charging and discharging control unit (2-2-1); and the main control unit (2-2-2) is connected to the lead-acid battery pack (1-1).

3. A battery protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The other electrical appliances (1-4) include an electric door lock, and the battery protection board (1-2) further includes an electric door lock detection circuit (2-2-8), and the electric door lock detection circuit (2-2-8) is connected to the electric door lock.

4. A battery protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The battery protection board (1-2) also includes an insertion detection circuit (2-2-5), and the insertion detection circuit (2-2-5) is connected to the charging head (2-1) via the main control unit (2-2-2).

5. A battery protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The battery protection board (1-2) also includes a temperature acquisition circuit (2-2-11), a first end of the temperature acquisition circuit (2-2-11) is connected to the lead-acid battery pack (1-1) via the charge and discharge control unit (2-2-1), and a second end of the temperature acquisition circuit (2-2-11) is connected to the main control unit (2-2-2).

6. A battery protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The battery protection board (1-2) also includes a voltage detection circuit (2-2-7), a first end of the voltage detection circuit (2-2-7) is connected to the lead-acid battery pack (1-1), and a second end of the voltage detection circuit (2-2-7) is connected to the main control unit (2-2-2).

7. A battery protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The battery protection board (1-2) also includes a current sampling circuit (2-2-10), wherein a first end of the current sampling circuit (2-2-10) is connected to the lead-acid battery pack (1-1), and a second end of the current sampling circuit (2-2-10) is connected to a main control unit (2-2-2).

8. A battery protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The other electrical appliances (1-4) include an alarm light, and the battery protection board (1-2) also includes an alarm circuit (2-2-12), wherein a first end of the alarm circuit (2-2-12) is connected to the main control unit (2-2-2), and a second end is connected to the alarm light.

9. A battery protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The battery protection board (1-2) further comprises a power converter (2-2-4), a first end of the power converter (2-2-4) being connected to the lead-acid battery pack (1-1) via a charge and discharge control unit (2-2-1), and a second end of the power converter (2-2-4) being connected to the other electrical appliances (1-4).

10. A battery protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The battery protection board (1-2) also includes an internal power supply circuit (2-2-3), a first end of the internal power supply circuit (2-2-3) is connected to the lead-acid battery pack (1-1), and a second end of the internal power supply circuit (2-2-3) is connected to the main control unit (2-2-2).

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