Flight printing device and 3D printer

Abstract

The utility model discloses a flying printing device and a 3D printer, the flying printing device comprises a printing substrate and a laser printing member, and also comprises slide rails, a slide plate, two powder flattening members and two powder spreading members, the slide rails are located at two sides of the printing substrate, the slide plate is slidably connected to the slide rails, and the laser printing member is located between the two powder flattening members and the two powder spreading members. The laser printing component and the powder spreading components are connected to the sliding plate, and the two powder spreading components are located on the two sides of the laser printing component correspondingly and can be located below the powder flattening component. The 3D printer comprises the flying printing device. The laser printing device has the advantages that powder is laid on the printing base plate in the moving process of the powder laying component, meanwhile, the laid powder is melted in the moving process of the laser printing component, powder laying, powder scraping and printing can be achieved at the same time in the back-and-forth moving process of the sliding plate, and the printing efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of 3D printer structures, and in particular to a flying printing device and a 3D printer. Background Art

[0002] 3D printing technology is the process of melting the layers of metal powder to obtain a formed part. After each layer is melted, the melting platform drops, and new powder is spread over this layer to repeat the above melting process. This process is repeated to obtain a formed part. 3D printing technology is divided into two types: SLS and SLM. SLS is used for sintering and molding polymer powder materials, such as nylon, TPU, PP, PEEK, etc. The metal material used is a mixed powder with low melting point metal or polymer material after treatment. During the processing, the low melting point material melts, but the high melting point metal powder does not melt. The melted material is used to achieve bonding molding, so the entity has pores and poor mechanical properties. If it is to be used, it must be remelted at high temperature. SLM is mainly used for melting and molding of metal powders, such as titanium alloy and stainless steel. SLS is selective laser sintering, and SLM is selective laser melting. As the name suggests, laser is used to completely melt the powder during the processing, and no binder is required. The molding accuracy and mechanical properties are better than SLS.

[0003] At present, the powder dropping structure of SLM 3D printing technology contains a large amount of printing powder and the corresponding powder delivery pipeline, which is not suitable for movement, and the laser components are also fixed. If you need to print a product with a larger format, you need more laser heads. The equipment is large and has many parts, complex structure, and high cost. At present, SLM 3D fixed printing is to first drop the powder from both sides of the powder dropping structure at one time, so that the powder that can print a layer is accumulated in the molding cavity, and then the accumulated powder is scraped flat by a scraper. Due to the heavy weight of the accumulated metal powder, the resistance to the scraper when spreading the powder is large, and the scraper is subjected to a large force, which affects the service life of the scraper. When the scraper scrapes the powder, the powder dropping structure stops spreading the powder. The three processes of spreading powder, scraping powder and melting powder can only be performed at the same time, and the overall printing efficiency is low. Summary of the invention

[0004] The first purpose of the utility model is to provide a flying printing device to solve the problem of low efficiency of current SLM 3D printing.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions.

[0006] A flying printing device includes a printing substrate and a laser printing component, and also includes a sliding component, a guide component and a powder spreading component. The guide components are located on both sides of the printing substrate, the sliding component is slidably connected to the guide components, the laser printing component and the powder spreading component are both connected to the sliding component, and the powder spreading component is located on the side of the laser printing component.

[0007] The utility model adopts the above technical solution, by setting guide components on both sides of the printing substrate, and sliding components are slidably connected to the guide components, so that the sliding components can slide along the guide components, and then the laser printing component and the powder spreading component are both connected to the sliding component, so that powder spreading and printing can be carried out simultaneously when the sliding component slides, and the powder spreading components are respectively located on the sides of the laser printing component. When the sliding component moves, the powder spreading component spreads powder on the printing substrate during movement, and the laser printing component prints and melts the spread powder during movement, so that large-format printing can be achieved with fewer laser heads, the number of laser heads used is reduced, fewer parts, a simpler structure, and low overall cost.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, it also includes a base plate and two flat powder mounting brackets, the two flat powder mounting brackets are respectively connected to the two ends of the base plate, the slide rail is connected to the two sides of the base plate, the printing substrate is located in the mounting hole of the base plate, the flat powder component is connected to the top end of the flat powder mounting bracket, and the flat powder component is located above the slide rail.

[0009] In this way, the slide rails are connected to both sides of the base plate, and the printing substrate is located in the mounting hole of the base plate to limit the powder spreading component and the laser printing component to ensure the accuracy of the powder spreading position and the printing position. The powder flattening component is also connected to the top of the powder flattening mounting bracket and is located above the slide rails, so that the powder spreading component can be moved to the bottom of the powder flattening component and the powder flattening component can supply powder to the powder spreading component.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the powder spreading component includes two, and the two powder spreading components are respectively located on both sides of the laser printing component, and the powder spreading component includes a transmission component, a powder dropping plate and a powder box, and the upper and lower ends of the powder box are respectively formed with a powder inlet and a powder outlet, and the powder outlet is located above the printing substrate, and the powder dropping plate is slidably connected to the upper part of the powder box and is located below the powder inlet, and the transmission component is connected to the powder dropping plate, and a powder dropping hole is formed on the side of the powder dropping plate away from the transmission component.

[0011] In this way, a powder inlet and a powder outlet are formed at the upper and lower ends of the powder box, respectively, and the powder outlet is located above the printing substrate, so that the metal powder falling from the powder outlet can be accurately spread on the printing substrate, and the powder dropping plate is also slidably connected to the upper part of the powder box and located below the powder inlet, and the transmission component is connected to the powder dropping plate, and a powder dropping hole is formed on the side of the powder dropping plate away from the transmission component, so that the powder dropping plate can be driven to move by the transmission component to achieve powder spreading in the entire printing width, instead of spreading powder on both sides, and the number of powder dropping holes located in the inner cavity of the powder box can be controlled, thereby controlling the powder spreading flow rate and the thickness of the powder spreading layer, and the powder spreading channel can be closed when all the powder dropping holes are located in the recovery box. The two powder spreading components are respectively located on both sides of the laser printing component, and when the slide moves, the powder spreading component located on the side of the slide moving direction spreads the powder on the printing substrate during movement, and the laser printing component melts the spread powder during movement, and the powder spreading and printing can be achieved simultaneously during the back and forth movement of the sliding component, so as to achieve two-way printing and further improve the printing efficiency.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the utility model, the powder spreading component further includes a scraper, and the scraper is connected to a side of the bottom of the powder box close to the laser printing component.

[0013] In this way, by connecting the scraper to the side of the bottom of the powder box close to the laser printing component, the powder falling from the powder outlet can be scraped flat by the scraper. Since the powder is spread flat during movement, the powder is basically spread evenly, and the scraper only needs to scrape flat a small amount of powder. Therefore, the scraper encounters little resistance when scraping powder and has a long service life.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the utility model, the powder spreading component also includes a recovery hole and a recovery box, the recovery box is connected to a side of the powder box close to the powder falling hole, and a plurality of recovery holes are formed on the side wall where the powder box and the recovery box are connected.

[0015] In this way, the recovery box is connected to the side of the powder box close to the powder dropping hole, and several recovery holes are formed on the side wall when the powder box and the recovery box are connected, so that the recovery box can be used to collect a small amount of powder brought out when the powder spreading component closes the powder spreading channel, and the powder can be sent to the powder spreading channel through the recovery holes, saving costs.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the laser printing component includes an optical path component, a wind field component and a molding cavity, the optical path component is connected to the upper end of the molding cavity, the printing substrate is located below the molding cavity, and the wind field component is connected to the periphery of the molding cavity, so that pollutants in the molding cavity are carried away by the wind flow entering the wind field component.

[0017] In this way, the optical path component is connected to the upper end of the molding cavity, and the printing substrate is located below the molding cavity, so that the optical path component can be supported by the molding cavity. In addition, by setting the wind field component, it is convenient for the wind flow to enter through the wind field component and take out pollutants such as smoke and black fog generated when the molten powder is melted, so as to prevent the smoke and black fog from covering the optical path component and affecting the printing effect and quality.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the flat powder component includes a chain plate component, a box body and a powder inlet pipe, the powder inlet pipe is connected to the top of the box body, the chain plate component is connected to the inner cavity of the box body, the chain plate component moves in a circular motion along the length direction of the box body, and a powder outlet portion extending along the length direction is formed below the box body, and the powder inlet of the powder box can be located below the powder outlet portion.

[0019] In this way, the powder inlet pipe is connected to the top of the box body, so that the powder in the powder storage tank can enter the box body through the powder inlet pipe, and the entered powder is distributed along the length direction of the box body through the chain plate member, and a powder outlet portion extending along the length direction is formed at the bottom of the box body, so that the distributed powder can enter the powder box along the powder inlet of the powder box, so that the powder is distributed along the length direction of the powder box, ensuring that the powder can pass through the entire inner cavity of the powder outlet of the powder box, thereby ensuring the width of the powder when spreading the powder, avoiding powder accumulation on the printing substrate, and reducing the scraper resistance.

[0020] As a preferred solution of the utility model, it also includes a speed reduction mechanism and a rack, wherein the speed reduction mechanism is connected to the sliding member, the rack is connected to one side of the slide rail, and the output gear of the speed reduction mechanism is meshed with the rack.

[0021] In this way, by connecting the deceleration mechanism to the sliding component and connecting the rack to one side of the slide rail, it is convenient to drive the output gear to rotate when the deceleration mechanism is running, and make the output gear mesh with the rack to realize the movement of the sliding component. By setting the deceleration mechanism to control the running speed of the sliding component, it is convenient to adapt to printing occasions with different requirements and improve versatility.

[0022] The utility model adopts the above-mentioned technical solution, drives the laser printing component and the powder spreading component to move back and forth along the guide component through the deceleration mechanism, and makes the powder spreading component located on the side of the moving direction of the laser printing component spread powder and scrape powder during the movement, and the laser printing component prints and melts the powder synchronously, so that powder spreading, powder scraping and powder melting are carried out simultaneously, thereby improving the printing efficiency; and when the powder spreading component located on the side of the moving direction of the laser printing component moves to the bottom of the corresponding flat powder component, the flat powder component replenishes powder to the powder spreading component according to the amount of powder spreading required for printing each layer, thereby realizing two-way continuous printing and further improving the printing efficiency.

[0023] In order to achieve the above object, the utility model also provides a 3D printer, including the above-mentioned flying printing device. The 3D printer has fewer parts and lower overall cost.

[0024] The beneficial effect of the utility model is that by setting slide rails on both sides of the printing substrate and slidably connecting the sliding components to the slide rails, the sliding components can slide along the slide rails, and then the laser printing component and the powder spreading component are both connected to the sliding component, so that powder spreading and printing can be carried out simultaneously when the sliding component slides, and the two powder spreading components are respectively located on both sides of the laser printing component. When the sliding component moves, the powder spreading component located on one side of the moving direction of the sliding component spreads powder on the printing substrate during movement, and the laser printing component melts the spread powder during movement, large-format printing is achieved through fewer laser heads, the number of laser heads used is reduced, powder spreading and printing can be achieved simultaneously in the process of the sliding component moving back and forth, two-way printing is achieved, and printing efficiency is further improved; two flat powder components are set, so that the flat powder components can provide the powder spreading component with the powder required for each layer of printing, continuous printing is achieved, and printing efficiency is further improved. The powder inlet pipe is connected to the top of the box body to facilitate the powder in the powder storage tank to enter the box body, and the powder entering through the chain plate member is distributed along the length direction of the box body. A powder outlet portion extending along the length direction is formed at the bottom of the box body to facilitate the distributed powder to enter the powder box along the powder inlet of the powder box, so that the powder is distributed along the length direction of the powder box, ensuring that powder can pass through the entire inner cavity of the powder outlet of the powder box, ensuring the width of the powder when spreading the powder, and spreading the powder during movement to avoid powder accumulation on the printing substrate and reduce scraper resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the utility model without the laser printing component;

[0027] Figure 3 This is the internal structure diagram of the flat powder component of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the powder spreading component of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the powder spreading component of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the utility model with an outer cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments described.

[0032] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: printing substrate 1, bottom plate 2, slide rail 21, slide plate 22, deceleration mechanism 23, rack 24, chain plate component 31, box body 32, powder inlet pipe 33, flat powder mounting bracket 34, optical path component 41, molding cavity 42, wind field component 43, scraper 51, transmission component 52, powder dropping plate 53, powder dropping hole 54, recovery hole 55, tension spring 56, recovery box 57, powder laying mounting bracket 58, powder box 59, outer cover 6.

[0033] The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the embodiments of the present disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "one", "an" or "the" and similar words do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. Similarly, words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections or communication connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0034] See also Figures 1 to 6 A flying printing device includes a printing substrate 1 and a laser printing component, and also includes a slide rail 21, a slide plate 22, two flat powder components and two powder spreading components. The slide rail 21 is located on both sides of the printing substrate 1, and the slide plate 22 is slidably connected to the slide rail 21. The laser printing component and the powder spreading component are both connected to the slide plate 22. The two powder spreading components are respectively located on both sides of the laser printing component. The powder spreading component can be located below the flat powder component. The slide rail 21 constitutes a guiding component, and the slide plate 22 constitutes a sliding component.

[0035] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2, further comprising a bottom plate 2 and two flat powder mounting brackets 34, the two flat powder mounting brackets 34 are respectively connected to the two ends of the bottom plate 2, the slide rails 21 are connected to the two sides of the bottom plate 2, the printing substrate 1 is located in the mounting hole of the bottom plate 2, the flat powder component is connected to the top end of the flat powder mounting bracket 34, and the flat powder component is located above the slide rails 21. In this way, the slide rails 21 are connected to the two sides of the bottom plate 2, the printing substrate 1 is also located in the mounting hole of the bottom plate 2, the powder spreading component and the laser printing component are limited to ensure the accuracy of the powder spreading position and the printing position, and the flat powder component is also connected to the top end of the flat powder mounting bracket 34 and is located above the slide rails 21, so that the powder spreading component can be moved to the bottom of the flat powder component to supply powder to the powder spreading component.

[0036] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The powder spreading member includes a transmission member 52, a powder dropping plate 53 and a powder box 59. The upper and lower ends of the powder box 59 are respectively formed with a powder inlet and a powder outlet. The powder outlet is located above the printing substrate 1. The powder dropping plate 53 is slidably connected to the upper part of the powder box 59 and is located below the powder inlet. The transmission member 52 is connected to the powder dropping plate 53. The powder dropping plate 53 is formed with a powder dropping hole 54 on the side away from the transmission member 52. Specifically, a powder pressing plate and a tension spring 56 are also provided. One end of the tension spring 56 is connected to the powder box 59 and the other end is connected to one side of the pressing plate. Two through holes are formed on the powder box 59. The two ends of the pressing plate are located in the through holes and can press the through holes to slide. The bottom of the pressing plate is kept against the top of the powder dropping plate 53 under the action of the tension spring 56. Several powder spreading mounting brackets 58 are also provided, and the powder spreading member is connected to the slide plate 22 through the powder spreading mounting brackets 58. In this way, a powder inlet and a powder outlet are respectively formed at the upper and lower ends of the powder box 59, and the powder outlet is located above the printing substrate 1, so that the metal powder falling from the powder outlet can be accurately spread on the printing substrate 1, and the powder dropping plate 53 is slidably connected to the upper part of the powder box 59 and is located below the powder inlet. The transmission member 52 is connected to the powder dropping plate 53, and a powder dropping hole 54 is formed on the side of the powder dropping plate 53 away from the transmission member 52, so that the powder dropping plate 53 can be driven to move by the transmission member 52 to achieve powder spreading in the entire printing width instead of powder spreading on both sides. The number of powder dropping holes 54 located in the inner cavity of the powder box 59 is also controlled, thereby controlling the powder spreading flow rate and realizing closing and opening of the powder spreading channel.

[0037] See also Figure 1 and Figure 5The powder spreading member further comprises a scraper 51, and the scraper 51 is connected to the side of the bottom of the powder box 59 close to the laser printing member. Thus, by connecting the scraper 51 to the side of the bottom of the powder box 59 close to the laser printing member, the powder falling from the powder outlet can be scraped flat by the scraper 51. Since the powder is spread flat during movement, the powder is basically spread evenly, and the scraper 51 only needs to scrape a small amount of powder. Therefore, the resistance of the scraper 51 when scraping the powder is small, and the service life of the scraper 51 is long.

[0038] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 The powder spreading member further includes a recovery hole 55 and a recovery box 57. The recovery box 57 is connected to the side of the powder box 59 close to the powder falling hole 54. A plurality of recovery holes 55 are formed on the side wall where the powder box 59 and the recovery box 57 are connected. In this way, the recovery box 57 is connected to the side of the powder box 59 close to the powder falling hole 54, and a plurality of recovery holes 55 are formed on the side wall where the powder box 59 and the recovery box 57 are connected. It is convenient to collect the powder brought out when the powder spreading member closes the powder spreading channel through the recovery box 57, and also to send the powder to the powder spreading channel through the recovery hole 55, thereby saving costs.

[0039] See also Figure 1 , the laser printing component includes an optical path component 41, a wind field component 43 and a molding cavity 42, the optical path component 41 is connected to the upper end of the molding cavity 42, the printing substrate 1 is located below the molding cavity 42, and the wind field component 43 is connected to the outer periphery of the molding cavity 42, and the pollutants in the molding cavity 42 are taken away by the wind flow entering the wind field component 43. In this way, the optical path component 41 is connected to the upper end of the molding cavity 42, and the printing substrate 1 is located below the molding cavity 42, so that the optical path component 41 can be supported by the molding cavity 42. In addition, by setting the wind field component, it is convenient for the wind flow to enter through the wind field component and take out pollutants such as smoke and black fog generated when the molten powder is molten, so as to prevent the smoke and black fog from covering the optical path component and affecting the printing effect and quality. The optical path component 41 includes related components such as a laser generator and a galvanometer for melting metal powder, which is a prior art and will not be repeated here. The wind field component 43 includes structures such as an air inlet and an air outlet, which is a prior art and will not be repeated here.

[0040] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3The flat powder component includes a chain plate component 31, a box body 32 and a powder inlet pipe 33, the powder inlet pipe 33 is connected to the top of the box body 32, the chain plate component 31 is connected to the inner cavity of the box body 32, the chain plate component 31 moves in a circular motion along the length direction of the box body 32, and a powder outlet portion extending along the length direction is formed below the box body 32, and the powder inlet of the powder box 59 can be located below the powder outlet portion. Specifically, the chain plate component 31 is connected to a power component, such as a motor, and the motor output shaft is connected to a chain plate component 31 mounting shaft, and the mounting shaft is connected to the box body 32. The chain plate component 31 cooperates with the gear on the mounting shaft. When the motor rotates, the chain plate component 31 rotates synchronously, so that the powder in the powder storage tank can enter the box body 32, and the entered powder is distributed along the length direction of the box body 32 through the chain plate component 31. A powder outlet portion extending along the length direction of the box body 32 is also formed below the box body 32, so that the distributed powder can enter the powder box 59 along the powder inlet of the powder box 59, so that the powder is distributed along the length direction of the powder box 59, ensuring that the powder can pass through the entire inner cavity of the powder outlet of the powder box 59, ensuring the width of the powder when spreading the powder, avoiding powder accumulation on the printing substrate 1, and reducing the resistance of the scraper 51.

[0041] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , and further includes a speed reduction mechanism 23 and a rack 24, wherein the speed reduction mechanism 23 is connected to the slide 22, the rack 24 is connected to one side of the slide rail 22, and the output gear of the speed reduction mechanism 23 is meshed with the rack 24. In this way, by connecting the speed reduction mechanism 23 to the slide 22 and connecting the rack 24 to one side of the slide rail 22, it is convenient to drive the output gear of the speed reduction mechanism 23 to rotate when the speed reduction mechanism 23 is running, and the output gear is meshed with the rack 24 to realize the movement of the slide 22, and by setting the speed reduction mechanism 23 to control the running speed of the slide 22, it is convenient to apply to printing occasions with different requirements and improve versatility.

[0042] All the driving components and the speed reduction mechanism 23 in the utility model are electrically connected to the control terminal, and the driving components and the speed reduction mechanism 23 are controlled to be opened or closed and their running speeds are controlled by the control terminal.

[0043] See also Figure 6 , and also includes an outer cover 6, which covers the sliding component, the guide component, the laser printing component and the powder spreading component, and is connected to the four sides of the base plate 2. The flying printing device in the utility model is covered by the outer cover 6 to form a printing atmosphere cavity, so that the printing atmosphere cavity can meet the environment required for 3D printing.

[0044] During operation, the motor of the deceleration mechanism 23 is turned on by the control terminal, so that the slide plate 22 drives the powder spreading component and the laser printing component to move along the slide rail 21. During the movement, the driving component on the powder spreading component on one side of the moving direction drives the powder dropping plate 53 to slide and open the powder dropping channel, so that the powder is distributed on the printing substrate 1 during the movement of the powder spreading component, and the powder is scraped flat by the scraper 51. The laser printing mechanism also synchronously prints the melted powder during the movement. At this time, the powder dropping channel of the other powder spreading component is closed. When the slide plate 22 moves to the specified position, the powder spreading component on one side of the moving direction is just below the flat powder component at one end. At this time, the control terminal sends a powder unloading instruction to the driving component of the flat powder component, and loads powder into the powder box 59 of the powder spreading component. Then the control terminal sends an instruction to move the slide plate 22 again, so that the slide plate 22 moves back, and spreads powder, scrapes powder and prints melted powder during the movement, and then replenishes the powder into the corresponding powder box 59. Each layer of printing basically needs to move downward a set distance, and this cycle is repeated to achieve continuous two-way printing.

[0045] During printing, S100, the laser printing component and the powder spreading component are driven to move back and forth along the slide rail 21 through the deceleration mechanism 23, the powder spreading component located on one side of the moving direction of the laser printing component spreads and scrapes powder during the movement, and the laser printing component prints the melted powder synchronously; S200, when the powder spreading component located on one side of the moving direction of the laser printing component moves to the bottom of the corresponding flat powder component, the flat powder component replenishes powder to the powder spreading component according to the amount of powder spread required for printing each layer.

[0046] Embodiment 2, a 3D printer, comprises the above-mentioned flying printing device.

[0047] The above shows and describes the basic principle and main features of the utility model and the advantages of the utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principle of the utility model. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, the utility model may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the utility model to be protected. The scope of protection claimed by the utility model is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A flying printing device, comprising a printing substrate (1) and a laser printing component, characterized in that: It also includes a sliding component, a guide component and a powder spreading component, wherein the guide components are located on both sides of the printing substrate (1), the sliding component is slidably connected to the guide components, the laser printing component and the powder spreading component are both connected to the sliding component, and the powder spreading component is located on the side of the laser printing component.

2. The flying printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a base plate (2), two flat powder components and two flat powder mounting brackets (34), wherein the two flat powder mounting brackets (34) are respectively connected to the two ends of the base plate (2), the guide component is connected to the two sides of the base plate (2), the printing substrate (1) is located in the mounting hole of the base plate (2), the flat powder component is connected to the top end of the flat powder mounting bracket (34), and the flat powder component is located above the guide component.

3. The flying printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder spreading components include two, and the two powder spreading components are respectively located on both sides of the laser printing component. The powder spreading components include a transmission component (52), a powder dropping plate (53) and a powder box (59). The upper end and the lower end of the powder box (59) are respectively formed with a powder inlet and a powder outlet, and the powder outlet is located above the printing substrate (1). The powder dropping plate (53) is slidably connected to the upper part of the powder box (59) and is located below the powder inlet. The transmission component (52) is connected to the powder dropping plate (53), and a powder dropping hole (54) is formed on the side of the powder dropping plate (53) away from the transmission component (52).

4. The flying printing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The powder spreading component also includes a scraper (51), which is connected to the bottom of the powder box (59) and is located on a side close to the laser printing component.

5. The flying printing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The powder spreading component also includes a recovery hole (55) and a recovery box (57), wherein the recovery box (57) is connected to a side of the powder box (59) close to the powder falling hole (54), and a plurality of recovery holes (55) are formed on the side wall where the powder box (59) and the recovery box (57) are connected.

6. The flying printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser printing component comprises an optical path component (41), a wind field component (43) and a molding cavity (42); the optical path component (41) is connected to the upper end of the molding cavity (42); the printing substrate (1) is located below the molding cavity (42); the wind field component (43) is connected to the outer periphery of the molding cavity (42); and pollutants in the molding cavity (42) are taken away by wind flow entering the wind field component (43).

7. The flying printing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flat powder component comprises a chain plate component (31), a box body (32) and a powder inlet pipe (33), wherein the powder inlet pipe (33) is connected to the top of the box body (32), the chain plate component (31) is connected to the inner cavity of the box body (32), the chain plate component (31) moves in a circular manner along the length direction of the box body (32), and a powder outlet portion extending along the length direction of the box body (32) is formed below the box body (32).

8. The flying printing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It also includes a speed reduction mechanism (23) and a rack (24), wherein the speed reduction mechanism (23) is connected to the sliding member, the rack (24) is connected to one side of the guide member, and the output gear of the speed reduction mechanism (23) is meshed with the rack (24).

9. A 3D printer, characterized in that: A flying printing device comprising any one of claims 1 to 8.

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