Close-planting corn planter
By designing a densely planted corn seeder that can complete multiple operations at once, the problems of high-density corn planting and integrated water and fertilizer management in my country have been solved, and the improvement of corn yield per mu and the adaptability of mechanical harvests has been achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421317444.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-07
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-11
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology is difficult to achieve high-density planting of corn under the arable land and management conditions in my country, resulting in a per mu yield of about 900kg lower than that of the United States.
A dense corn seeding machine is designed, including a rack, disc fertilization trench opener, soil scraping plate, seeding monomer and suppression wheel. It can complete the laying of drip irrigation belts, fertilization, flat ground, sowing and suppression operations at one time. The duckbill seed discharger is used to achieve high-density planting and integrated water and fertilizer management of corn.
High-density planting of 5928-11856 corn plants per mu has been achieved, which has increased the yield per mu of corn, met the needs of integrated water and fertilizer management, and is suitable for mechanical harvesting.
Smart Images
Figure CN222564363U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a densely planted corn seeder. Background Art
[0002] Corn is the largest food crop in my country and plays an important role in ensuring national food security. Achieving high yield and high efficiency is an important goal of corn research, and increasing planting density is one of the most direct and effective measures to increase yield. Under suitable cultivation conditions such as water and fertilizer management, the highest per-acre yield of corn in the United States has exceeded 2,500 kg (14% moisture content), with a planting density of nearly 7,000 plants per acre, that is, a plant spacing of 12.7 cm, close to the maximum planting spacing of 12.3 cm for corn. However, my country's arable land and management levels are very different from those of the United States, and the highest per-acre yield is about 900 kg lower than the highest yield in the United States. Corn conservation tillage is a necessary measure to protect and effectively utilize arable land, especially in semi-arid areas with abundant light and heat conditions. Conservation tillage combined with water and fertilizer integration has become the first choice for achieving sustainable high yields of corn. Two-part empty planting and staggered straw return to the field have become necessary agronomic measures for high-quality conservation tillage. Under two-part empty conditions, the maximum planting density of corn is 7,000 plants per mu (50cm row spacing) or 6,000 plants per mu (60cm row spacing), while water-fertilizer integration combined with high-quality varieties and other efficient management methods still have huge potential for increasing production at a planting density of 8,000-9,000 plants per mu. For this reason, this technology needs to improve current agronomic measures, explore single-ridge double-row drip irrigation for dense planting, and use the ventilation and light transmission advantages of two-part empty planting to double the corn planting density, thereby achieving sustainable high yields of corn conservation tillage water-fertilizer integration, creating a model for ensuring national food security. Utility Model Content
[0003] In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, the utility model provides a dense planting corn seeder, which is used under soil conditions after protective tillage and less-tillage operations, and can complete the operations of laying drip irrigation tapes, fertilizing, leveling the land, sowing and pressing at one time.
[0004] The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0005] The utility model discloses a dense planting corn seeder, comprising a frame and a plurality of groups of disc fertilizer openers, scraper plates, sowing units and pressing wheels arranged from front to back according to large ridges, two disc fertilizer openers, a scraper plate, a sowing unit and a pressing wheel are arranged in each group corresponding to small ridges, a drip irrigation belt opener is arranged at a position corresponding to the two disc fertilizer openers at the front end of the frame, the drip irrigation belt is arranged above the frame through a drip irrigation belt mounting frame, the drip irrigation end of the drip irrigation belt is arranged behind the drip irrigation belt opener, a fertilizer box is arranged on the frame, and the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer discharge pipe is arranged on the disc fertilizer opener The scraper plate is arranged at the bottom of the rear of the disc fertilizer opener to scrape the ground after the drip irrigation belt furrow opener and the disc fertilizer opener are operated, and the drip irrigation belt and the fertilizer belt are covered. The sowing unit mounting frame is connected to the frame through a parallel four-bar profiling mechanism. Two seeders are arranged in parallel on the sowing unit, which are respectively arranged between the grooves opened by the drip irrigation belt furrow opener and the disc fertilizer opener. A pressing wheel is arranged behind the sowing unit mounting frame. The two seeders form narrow rows after sowing, and the adjacent two groups of sowing units form wide rows after sowing. The whole machine forms wide and narrow row operation after sowing.
[0006] Furthermore, the sowing unit includes a sowing unit mounting frame and two seeding devices mounted thereon, wherein the seeding device is a duckbill roller seeding device, and the duckbills of the two seeding devices are staggered to achieve a staggered arrangement of single-ridge and double-row corn.
[0007] Furthermore, the spacing r1 between adjacent duckbills in the outer row of the two seed metering devices is 15 cm, and the spacing r2 between adjacent duckbills in the inner row is in the range of 15-30 cm.
[0008] Furthermore, the spacing between the two seed-metering devices, that is, the row spacing W between the two rows in a single ridge is 12-15 cm.
[0009] Furthermore, the distance between two adjacent sowing units, that is, the center distance L between the two sowing units is 62-72 cm.
[0010] Furthermore, the drip irrigation tape furrow opener is a shovel-type furrow opener, a pulley is installed at the bottom of the rear end, the drip irrigation tape is wound around the pulley, and the drip irrigation port corresponds to the opened groove.
[0011] Furthermore, the distance between the two disc fertilizer openers in each small ridge is 30-40 cm.
[0012] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
[0013] 1. The utility model dense planting corn seeder has a disc fertilizer opener, a scraper plate, a sowing unit and a pressing wheel arranged from front to back according to the ridge. The drip irrigation belt opener is arranged between the two disc fertilizer openers at the front end of the frame. The scraper plate is arranged behind the disc fertilizer opener to scrape and cover the drip irrigation belt and the fertilizer belt. The sowing unit is arranged behind the scraper plate corresponding to the disc fertilizer opener. Two seed dischargers of the sowing unit are arranged in the fertilizer ditch and the drip irrigation belt groove. Small ridges are formed after sowing. Large ridges are formed after sowing by two adjacent groups of sowing units. The utility model can be used under the soil condition after rotary tillage and land preparation operations. The drip irrigation belt laying, fertilization, land leveling, sowing and pressing operations can be completed at one time. After sowing, the whole machine forms large and small ridges, which has the effect of ventilation and light transmission and reducing the production disadvantages after densification.
[0014] 2. The utility model adopts a duckbill roller seed meter and a motor-driven fertilization device, which can realize high-density planting of corn, and adopts water-fertilizer integration technology for drip irrigation and fertilization according to the water and fertilizer requirements of the crops.
[0015] 3. The utility model can achieve 5928-11856 corn plants per mu (50cm-100cm two-part empty planting) or 4940-9880 corn plants (60cm-120cm two-part empty planting), achieving full straw coverage protective tillage water and fertilizer integration density planting. At the same time, the growth diameter of individual corn plants is not less than 14cm, which does not affect the mutual competition of nutrients between individual corn plants, can also achieve ventilation and light transmission, and is also suitable for mechanical harvesting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Figure 1 This is the front view of the corn dense planting seeder for this application.
[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of a corn dense planting machine.
[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Axonometric view of a corn dense planting planter.
[0019] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the sowing unit.
[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the location of seeds, fertilizers, and drip irrigation tapes after sowing.
[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the two-component empty planting mode.
[0022] In the figure: frame 1, drip irrigation belt furrow opener 2, irrigation belt mounting frame 3, disc fertilizer furrow opener 4, fertilizer box 5, scraper plate 6, parallel four-bar profiling mechanism 7, seed meter frame 8, seed box 9, sowing unit 10, seed meter I 101, seed meter II 102, seed meter shaft 103, seed filling port 104, duckbill I 105, duckbill II 106, duckbill III 107, suppression profiling spring 11, suppression wheel 12, drip irrigation belt 13, fertilizer row 14, corn seeds 15, drip irrigation main pipe 16, planting strip 17, covering strip 18. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The utility model is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0024] Example 1: Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the utility model is a dense planting corn seeder, comprising a frame and a disc fertilizer opener 4, a scraper plate 6, a sowing unit 10 and a pressing wheel 12 arranged from front to back according to the large ridge, two disc fertilizer openers 4, a scraper plate 6, a sowing unit 10 and a pressing wheel 12 are arranged for each group of small ridges, a drip irrigation belt opener 2 is arranged at the position between the two disc fertilizer openers 4 at the front end of the frame, the drip irrigation belt is placed above the frame 1 through a drip irrigation belt mounting frame 3, the drip irrigation end of the drip irrigation belt is placed behind the drip irrigation belt opener 2, a fertilizer box 5 is placed on the frame 1, and the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer discharge pipe is placed on the disc fertilizer opener At the bottom rear of the fertilizer opener 4, a scraper plate 6 is placed behind the disc fertilizer opener 4 to scrape the ground after the drip irrigation belt opener 2 and the disc fertilizer opener 4 are operated, and the drip irrigation belt and the fertilizer belt are covered. The sowing unit 10 mounting frame is connected to the frame 1 through a parallel four-bar profiling mechanism 7. The sowing unit 10 has two seeders arranged in parallel, which are respectively arranged between the grooves opened by the drip irrigation belt opener 2 and the disc fertilizer opener 4. A pressing wheel 12 is arranged behind the seeding unit 10 mounting frame. After sowing, the two seeders form small ridges, and after sowing, two adjacent groups of sowing units form large ridges. After sowing, the whole machine forms large and small ridges.
[0025] like Figure 3-Figure 5 As shown, the sowing unit 10 includes a sowing unit mounting frame 8 and two seeding devices mounted thereon, wherein the seeding device is a duckbill roller seeding device, and the duckbills of the two seeding devices are staggered to achieve staggered distribution of corn sowing on small ridges.
[0026] The distance r1 between adjacent duckbills on the outer row of the two seeding devices is 15 cm, and the distance r2 between adjacent duckbills on the inner row of the seeding devices can be adjusted according to the sowing density requirements, ranging from 15 to 30 cm. In this example, r2 is 30 cm. The distance between the two seeding devices, i.e., the small ridge distance W, is 12 cm. The distance L between two adjacent sowing units 10 is 62 cm, so that the seeds are staggered. After the seeder is operated, the position of the corn seeds 15 in the seed furrow is as follows: Figure 5-Figure 6When planting, two large rows of corn are planted on both sides of the strip to be sown through the seeding device of the utility model, and two small rows of corn are planted in each large row in an alternating manner, and a total of four rows of corn are planted, wherein the spacing H1 within the large row is 50 cm, and the spacing H2 of the outermost rows of corn on both sides of the straw covering strip is 100 cm, H2=2H1, and the distance between the corn planting strip and the straw covering strips on both sides is 3 cm, forming a two-ratio empty mode of 50 cm-100 cm, and a drip irrigation belt is laid between the two small row spacings.
[0027] The drip irrigation tape furrow opener 2 is a shovel type furrow opener, with a pulley installed at the bottom of the rear end. The drip irrigation tape is wound around the pulley, and the drip irrigation port corresponds to the opened drip irrigation tape groove 13 to complete the laying of the drip irrigation tape.
[0028] The scraper plate 6 has a V-shaped structure at the end facing the ground, and is used to scrape the ground after the drip irrigation belt furrow opener 2 and the disc fertilizer opener 4 have been operated, so as to complete the covering of the drip irrigation belt furrow 13 and the fertilizer row 14.
[0029] The distance between the two disc fertilizer openers of each small ridge is 30-40cm, which can be adjusted according to actual needs.
[0030] When the utility model is working, the whole machine is connected to the tractor through the three-point suspension of the frame 1, the drip irrigation belt is installed on the drip irrigation belt installation frame 3, and the drip irrigation belt is wound on the pulley installed at the bottom of the drip irrigation belt furrow opener 2 to complete the laying of the drip irrigation belt; the fertilization motor drives the fertilization shaft to rotate, and the bottom of the fertilizer pipe is fixed to the bottom of the disc fertilizer furrow opener 4, so as to realize the fertilization operation; the ground after the drip irrigation belt furrow opener 2 and the disc fertilizer furrow opener 4 are operated is scraped flat by the scraper plate 6 to complete the coverage of the drip irrigation belt and the fertilizer belt, and at the same time it is convenient for the sowing unit to complete the sowing operation; the drip irrigation belt furrow opener 2, the disc fertilizer furrow opener 4 and the scraper plate 6 are all adjusted by bolts to adjust the upper and lower installation positions , thereby realizing the adjustment of furrowing depth and scraping amount; the parallel four-bar profiling mechanism 7 realizes the profiling operation of the sowing unit during the sowing process, and can adjust the compression degree of the spring according to different soils, thereby adjusting the pressure on the sowing unit; the two duckbill roller seeding devices installed on the sowing unit 10 are staggered, so as to realize the staggered distribution of corn in small ridges; the pressing wheel 12 is installed at the tail of the whole machine to realize the pressing after the sowing operation and improve the consistency of the plant spacing. The pressing wheel 12 mounting frame is connected to the sowing unit mounting frame 8 through the pressing wheel frame and the pressing profiling spring 11, and the pressing strength is adjusted by adjusting the upper and lower positions of the pressing profiling spring 11.
[0031] Embodiment 2: This embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 in that the spacing L between two adjacent sowing units 10 described in this embodiment is 72 cm. During planting, two large rows of corn are planted on both sides of the strip to be sown passing through the seed-metering device of the utility model. Two small rows of corn are planted in each large row alternately, and a total of four rows of corn are planted, among which, the spacing H1 within the large row is 60 cm, the spacing H2 of the outermost rows of corn on both sides of the straw-covered strip is 120 cm, H2=2H1, the distance between the corn planting strip and the straw-covered strips on both sides is 3 cm, forming a two-ratio empty mode of 60-120, and a drip irrigation tape is laid between the two small row spacings.
[0032] The spacing r1 between adjacent duckbills on the outer row of the two seeding devices is 15 cm, and the spacing r2 between adjacent duckbills on the inner row of the seeding devices is 15 cm or 20 cm, which is adjusted according to actual sowing requirements.
[0033] In the present application, the disc fertilizer opener 4, the pressing wheel 12, and the parallel four-bar contouring mechanism 7 are all existing structures, and other parts not described in detail are all existing conventional technologies, which will not be described in detail here.
[0034] It can be understood that the above specific description of the utility model is only used to illustrate the utility model and is not limited to the technical solution described in the embodiments of the utility model. Ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the utility model can still be modified or replaced by equivalents to achieve the same technical effect; as long as the use requirements are met, they are within the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. A close-planting corn seeder, characterized in that: The machine comprises a frame and a plurality of groups of disc fertilizer openers, scraper plates, sowing units and pressing wheels arranged from front to back according to the large ridges. Two disc fertilizer openers, a scraper plate, a sowing unit and a pressing wheel are arranged in each group corresponding to the small ridges. A drip irrigation belt opener is arranged at the position between the two disc fertilizer openers at the front end of the frame. The drip irrigation belt is placed above the frame through a drip irrigation belt mounting frame. The drip irrigation end of the drip irrigation belt is placed behind the drip irrigation belt opener. A fertilizer box is placed on the frame. The fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer discharge pipe is placed at the bottom behind the disc fertilizer opener. The plate is placed behind the disc fertilizer opener to scrape the ground after the drip irrigation belt opener and the disc fertilizer opener are operated, and cover the drip irrigation belt and the fertilizer belt. The mounting frame of the sowing unit is connected to the frame through a parallel four-bar profiling mechanism. Two seeders are arranged in parallel on the sowing unit, which are respectively arranged between the grooves opened by the drip irrigation belt opener and the disc fertilizer opener. A pressing wheel is arranged behind the sowing unit mounting frame. The two seeders form narrow rows after sowing, and the adjacent two groups of sowing units form wide rows after sowing. The whole machine forms wide and narrow row operations after sowing.
2. The close-planting corn seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing unit comprises a sowing unit mounting frame and two seeding devices mounted thereon, wherein the seeding device is a duckbill roller seeding device, and the duckbills of the two seeding devices are staggeredly distributed to achieve staggered arrangement of single ridge and double rows of corn.
3. The close-planting corn seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spacing r1 between adjacent duckbills in the outer row of the two seed metering devices is 15 cm, and the spacing r2 between adjacent duckbills in the inner row is in the range of 15-30 cm.
4. The close-planting corn seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spacing between the two seed meters, i.e. the row spacing W between the double rows in a single ridge, is 12-15 cm.
5. The close-planting corn seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent sowing units, that is, the center distance L between the two sowing units, is 62-72 cm.
6. The close-planting corn seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip irrigation belt furrow opener is a shovel-type furrow opener, a pulley is installed at the bottom of the rear end, the drip irrigation belt is wound around the pulley, and the drip irrigation port corresponds to the opened furrow.
7. The close-planting corn seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the two disc fertilizer openers of each small ridge is 30-40cm.