Battery charging equalizing device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of battery charging, in particular to a battery charging equalizing device, which is characterized in that each string of batteries is connected with a charging equalizing module in parallel, each voltage-stabilized power supply is adjusted to 3.4 V, and when the voltage of the batteries is less than 3.4 V, the parallel charging equalizing modules do not work, and charging current passes through the batteries; when the batteries are unbalanced and the voltage of one battery reaches the set voltage of 3.4 V, the parallel charging equalization module corresponding to the battery begins to work, plays a shunting role and stabilizes the voltage to 3.4 V, that is, charging current does not pass through the batteries any more, so that equalization of the battery voltage is realized. According to the utility model, equalization is carried out in a shunting manner without taking the lowest residual quantity of the battery as a reference, so that the application range is wider.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of battery charging, in particular to a battery charging equalization device. Background Art

[0002] When lithium batteries leave the factory, their internal resistance is roughly the same. Because capacity, voltage, and internal resistance are three critical parameters when pairing battery packs, the factory will select batteries with three parameters that are as close or identical as possible and string them together to form a battery pack. However, the parameters displayed on the test line for each battery will change during use, because the material uniformity, filling, and assembly processes of each battery cannot be absolutely consistent. Therefore, during use, especially under low-voltage and high-current discharge conditions, changes in the internal resistance of the battery will occur. The change in the internal resistance of the battery is the most serious culprit for the imbalance of the battery pack. The larger the internal resistance of the battery, the higher its own heat loss during the charging and discharging process, and this change is irreversible.

[0003] The passive balancing adopted by the existing BMS generally discharges the lithium-ion batteries with higher voltage by means of resistance discharge, releases the electricity in the form of heat, and strives for more charging time for other batteries, such as the passive balancing control circuit of the vehicle-mounted battery management system disclosed in patent CN201620561118.6. In this way, the power of the entire system is subject to the battery with the smallest capacity. During the charging process, lithium-ion batteries generally have a charging upper limit protection voltage value. When a certain string of batteries reaches this voltage value, the lithium-ion battery protection board will cut off the charging circuit and stop charging. If the voltage during charging exceeds this value, which is commonly known as overcharging, the lithium-ion battery may burn or explode. Therefore, lithium-ion battery protection boards generally have an overcharge protection function to prevent the battery from overcharging. The disadvantage is that the balancing is based on the minimum battery residual capacity, and the capacity of the battery with less residual capacity cannot be increased, and 100% of the balanced power is wasted in the form of heat. When the battery capacity is too large, the balancing effect is minimal. Summary of the invention

[0004] The utility model provides a battery charging equalization device to solve the problems of the prior art, which can perform voltage equalization processing for charging of the battery without taking the minimum residual amount of the battery as a reference for equalization and has a wider application range.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions: a battery charging equalization device, comprising a circuit board, a heat dissipation module and a charging equalization module arranged on the circuit board, the heat dissipation module is used to dissipate heat for the circuit board, and the charging equalization module is connected in parallel to the two ends of the battery; the charging equalization module comprises a three-terminal voltage regulator D1, an adjustable resistor R3, a switch tube Q1 and a voltage dividing unit, the two ends of the adjustable resistor R3 are respectively connected to the positive and negative ends of the battery, the adjustable end of the adjustable resistor R3 is connected to the reference end of the three-terminal voltage regulator D1, the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator D1 is connected to the anode of the battery, the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator D1 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, the control end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator D1, one switch end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the other switch end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery through the voltage dividing unit.

[0006] Preferably, the voltage divider unit includes a diode D2, a diode D3 and a diode D4, the other switch end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D2, the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the anode of the diode D4 through the diode D3, and the cathode of the diode D4 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery.

[0007] Preferably, the charging equalization module also includes an indication unit, which includes a resistor R2 and a light-emitting diode D5, one end of the resistor R2 is connected to the other switch end of the switch tube Q1, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the anode of the light-emitting diode D5, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode D5 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery.

[0008] Preferably, the heat dissipation module comprises a heat conducting plate and a plurality of heat conducting tubes arranged on the heat conducting plate, the surface of the heat conducting plate is provided with an insulating coating, and the circuit board is mounted on the heat conducting plate and in contact with the insulating coating.

[0009] Preferably, the heat conducting pipe includes a heat absorbing pipe and a cooling pipe, the two ends of the cooling pipe are respectively connected to the two ends of the heat absorbing pipe, the heat absorbing pipe is located above the cooling pipe, the heat absorbing pipe and the cooling pipe are both filled with phase change material, and the circuit board is assembled above the heat absorbing pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the height of the axial cross section of the heat absorption tube gradually increases from one end to the other end of the heat absorption tube.

[0011] Preferably, limiting plates are installed on both sides of the heat conducting plate, and the circuit board is installed between the two limiting plates.

[0012] Preferably, the two limit plates are both equipped with a plurality of adjustment components, the adjustment components include a spring and a contact plate, two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the limit plate and the contact plate, and the contact plate is used to contact the circuit board.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0014] The utility model provides a battery charging equalization device, in which each string of batteries is connected in parallel to a charging equalization module, and each voltage-stabilizing power supply is adjusted to 3.4V. When the battery voltage is less than 3.4V, the parallel charging equalization module does not work, and the charging current passes through the battery; if the battery is unbalanced, when the voltage of one battery reaches the set voltage of 3.4V, the parallel charging equalization module corresponding to it starts to work, plays a role of shunting, and stabilizes the voltage to 3.4V, that is, the charging current no longer passes through the battery, thereby achieving battery voltage balancing. The utility model performs balancing by shunting, and does not need to perform balancing based on the minimum residual amount of the battery, and has a wider range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a circuit schematic diagram of the charging equalization module of the utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the heat conducting plate of the utility model;

[0017] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the heat conducting plate of the utility model

[0018] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjustment component of the utility model.

[0019] exist Figures 1 to 4 Reference numerals in the drawings include:

[0020] 1-circuit board, 2-charging equalization module, 3-heat conduction plate, 4-heat absorption tube, 5-cooling tube, 6-heat conduction tube, 7-limiting plate, 8-spring, 9-contact plate, 10-inclined surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings, and the contents mentioned in the implementation modes are not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0022] This embodiment provides a battery charging equalization device, such as Figures 1 to 4 , including a circuit board 1, a heat dissipation module and a charging equalization module 2 arranged on the circuit board 1, the heat dissipation module is used to dissipate heat for the circuit board 1, and the charging equalization module 2 is connected in parallel to both ends of the battery.

[0023] Among them, the specific circuit principle of the charging equalization module 2 is as follows Figure 1As shown, it includes a three-terminal voltage regulator D1, an adjustable resistor R3, a switch tube Q1, a voltage divider unit and an indication unit. The voltage divider unit includes a diode D2, a diode D3 and a diode D4. The indication unit includes a resistor R2 and a light-emitting diode D5. The specific connection method is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the two ends of the adjustable resistor R3 are respectively connected to the positive and negative ends of the battery, the adjustable end of the adjustable resistor R3 is connected to the reference end of the three-terminal voltage regulator D1, the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator D1 is connected to the anode of the battery, the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator D1 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, the control end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator D1, one switch end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the other switch end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery through a voltage divider unit.

[0024] Specifically, the working principle of this embodiment is as follows: the three-terminal voltage regulator D1 is of model TL431, which is the reference voltage. The voltage can be adjusted to the required voltage of 3.4V by adjusting the variable resistor R3. If the voltage across the battery is less than 3.4V, TL431 does not absorb current, that is, Ib of the switch tube Q1 is 0, so Ic is 0, the transistor is closed, and the charging current still passes through the battery. If the voltage across the battery reaches 3.4V, TL431 starts to absorb current, Ib>0, and the charging current (i.e. Ic) passes through the transistor Q1, and does not pass through the battery, that is, the battery is no longer charged. In addition, the three series-connected diodes IN4001 in this circuit, i.e., the voltage divider unit, play a voltage divider role, which can reduce the power dissipated in the transistor TIP42. If these three diodes IN4001 are not connected, then the power dissipated in the three transistors TIP42 is P=3.4VX charging current. After adding, P=(3.4V-3X0.7V)X charging current. The rightmost LED has an indicator function. When it is on, it means the voltage has been reached and the battery is fully charged.

[0025] Furthermore, since the charging balancing module 2 has a heating device, namely the transistor Q1, the heat dissipation module can be used to dissipate heat for the circuit board 1, thereby ensuring that the working temperature of the charging balancing module 2 is normal. Figures 2 to 4 The heat dissipation module includes a heat conducting plate 3 and a plurality of heat conducting pipes 6 arranged on the heat conducting plate 3. The surface of the heat conducting plate 3 is provided with an insulating coating (not shown in the drawings). The circuit board 1 is installed on the heat conducting plate 3 and contacts with the insulating coating, which can avoid a short circuit in the circuit board 1.

[0026] Specifically, the heat conducting pipe 6 includes a heat absorbing pipe 4 and a cooling pipe 5. The two ends of the cooling pipe 5 are respectively connected to the two ends of the heat absorbing pipe 4. The heat absorbing pipe 4 is located above the cooling pipe 5. The heat absorbing pipe 4 and the cooling pipe 5 are both filled with phase change materials. The circuit board 1 is assembled above the heat absorbing pipe 4. Figure 3As shown, the heat absorbing tube 4 and the cooling tube 5 form a circulation passage. Furthermore, the height of the axial section of the heat absorbing tube 4 gradually increases from one end to the other end of the heat absorbing tube 4, that is, the heat absorbing tube 4 is provided with an inclined surface 10. A circulation passage is formed between the heat absorbing tube 4 and the cooling tube 5. If the phase change material filled is a solid-liquid conversion material, the heat absorbing tube 4 absorbs heat, and the phase change material changes from solid to liquid. Then, because the heat absorbing tube 4 is inclined, the liquid will flow in the inclined direction. Under the pressure generated by gravity and the change of solid-liquid state, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the liquid converted in the heat absorbing tube 4 flows in an inclined direction, and the solid material in the cooling tube 5, driven by the pressure in the heat absorbing tube 4, will move to the right and circulate into the heat absorbing tube 4 to continue absorbing heat, while the liquid material transferred into the cooling tube 5 gradually dissipates heat and converts into a solid state. Through the cycle of the above process, the heat dissipation effect on the circuit board 1 is achieved. Furthermore, the phase change material can also be a material that converts between liquid and gas. After the liquid absorbs heat and converts into gas, the gas pressure generated by the gas will also realize the heat dissipation cycle in the heat conducting tube 6. The phase change material can be set according to the actual situation.

[0027] Furthermore, limit plates 7 are installed on both sides of the heat conducting plate 3, and the circuit board 1 is installed between the two limit plates 7. The limit plates 7 are each equipped with a plurality of adjustment components, and the adjustment components include a spring 8 and a contact plate 9. The two ends of the spring 8 are respectively connected to the limit plates 7 and the contact plates 9, and the contact plates 9 are used to contact the circuit board 1.

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown, in order to ensure that the circuit board 1 can be stably assembled on the heat conducting plate 3, an adjustment component is provided in this embodiment. During assembly, the circuit board 1 is placed between the two limit plates 7, and the abutment plates 9 are abutted against the two sides of the circuit board 1. Since the springs 8 are provided, the spacing between the abutment plates 9 can be adjusted according to the size of the circuit board 1, so that while fixing the circuit board 1, it can also meet the needs of circuit boards 1 of different widths.

[0029] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, and does not limit the utility model in any form. Although the utility model is disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the utility model. Any technician familiar with this profession can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes by using the technical content disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the utility model. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technology of the utility model, which does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the utility model, belongs to the scope of the technical solution of the utility model.

Claims

1. A battery charging equalization device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a circuit board, a heat dissipation module and a charging equalization module arranged on the circuit board, wherein the heat dissipation module is used to dissipate heat for the circuit board, and the charging equalization module is connected in parallel to two ends of a battery; the charging equalization module comprises a three-terminal voltage regulator tube D1, an adjustable resistor R3, a switch tube Q1 and a voltage dividing unit, wherein two ends of the adjustable resistor R3 are respectively connected to the positive and negative ends of the battery, the adjustable end of the adjustable resistor R3 is connected to the reference end of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube D1, the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube D1 is connected to the anode of the battery, the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube D1 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, the control end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube D1, one switch end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the other switch end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery through the voltage dividing unit.

2. A battery charging equalization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage divider unit includes a diode D2, a diode D3 and a diode D4. The other switch end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D2. The cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the anode of the diode D4 through the diode D3. The cathode of the diode D4 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery.

3. A battery charging equalization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging equalization module also includes an indication unit, which includes a resistor R2 and a light-emitting diode D5. One end of the resistor R2 is connected to the other switch end of the switch tube Q1, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the anode of the light-emitting diode D5, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode D5 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery.

4. The battery charging equalization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation module comprises a heat conducting plate and a plurality of heat conducting pipes arranged on the heat conducting plate. The surface of the heat conducting plate is provided with an insulating coating. The circuit board is mounted on the heat conducting plate and contacts with the insulating coating.

5. A battery charging equalization device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat conducting pipe comprises a heat absorbing pipe and a cooling pipe. The two ends of the cooling pipe are respectively connected to the two ends of the heat absorbing pipe. The heat absorbing pipe is located above the cooling pipe. Both the heat absorbing pipe and the cooling pipe are filled with phase change material. The circuit board is assembled above the heat absorbing pipe.

6. A battery charging equalization device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height of the axial section of the heat absorbing tube gradually increases from one end to the other end of the heat absorbing tube.

7. A battery charging equalization device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Limiting plates are installed on both sides of the heat conducting plate, and the circuit board is installed between the two limiting plates.

8. A battery charging equalization device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The two limit plates are both equipped with a plurality of adjustment components, and the adjustment components include a spring and a contact plate. The two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the limit plate and the contact plate, and the contact plate is used to contact the circuit board.

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