Online monitoring system special for offshore wind turbine generator

Abstract

The utility model discloses an on-line monitoring system special for an offshore wind turbine generator. The system is composed of sensors and corresponding data acquisition demodulation equipment, wherein the sensors are respectively arranged on the surface of a blade, the surface of a tower drum, the inside of a main engine room and the outside of an offshore power transmission cable and are based on the grating fluctuation principle. The online monitoring system has the beneficial effects that a whole set of online monitoring system suitable for the operation state of the offshore wind turbine generator is provided; through the system, remote on-line monitoring of the working states of the blades, the tower drum, the cabin and the offshore power transmission cable of the offshore wind turbine generator is realized, the labor cost of irregular point inspection of the generator is reduced, and the working intensity is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of wind turbine generator set monitoring equipment, in particular to an online monitoring system dedicated to offshore wind turbine generator sets. Background Art

[0002] Wind power generation has been widely used, and the global wind power installed capacity has been increasing. The proportion of offshore wind power installed capacity in the overall wind power installed capacity has also increased significantly, from about 1% before 2010 to more than 10% in 2022. According to forecasts, by 2026, the total installed capacity of offshore wind power in the world is expected to reach 150GW, and by 2050, the total installed capacity of offshore wind power will account for more than 50% of the total installed capacity of global wind power. The development potential of offshore wind power is huge. Compared with traditional onshore wind turbines, offshore units have defects such as harsh installation and use environment, difficult maintenance, and large working load; at the same time, the installation conditions of offshore units also determine the characteristics of high installation and maintenance costs. Therefore, online monitoring of offshore wind turbines is of great significance.

[0003] In the current online monitoring system dedicated to offshore wind turbines, due to environmental and technical constraints, the monitoring points are often concentrated in the main engine room, and the existing monitoring system has few monitoring items, short maintenance intervals, and low equipment intelligence. Traditional monitoring solutions are subject to the characteristics of sensitive components and have high requirements for the external environment; metal resistance strain sensors and their connecting cables cannot meet the requirements of lightning protection and have a short service life and require regular maintenance and replacement. Offshore wind turbines are difficult to maintain and have high labor costs. Traditional monitoring solutions cannot meet the requirements of online monitoring of wind turbine blade loads in offshore wind turbines. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the technical problems pointed out in the above background technology, the purpose of the utility model is to provide an online monitoring system dedicated to offshore wind turbines.

[0005] In order to achieve the purpose of the utility model, the technical solution provided by the utility model is as follows:

[0006] An online monitoring system dedicated to offshore wind turbines, comprising a control terminal and a wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit, a nacelle monitoring unit, a blade hub monitoring unit, an offshore tower status monitoring unit, an offshore wind turbine foundation monitoring unit, and an offshore power transmission cable monitoring unit connected to the control terminal;

[0007] The wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit is used to monitor the operating status and load conditions of wind turbine blades in offshore wind turbines in real time, and includes a non-metallic strain sensor and a corresponding data demodulator;

[0008] The engine room monitoring unit is used to monitor the operating status of the main engine room of the offshore wind turbine in real time, and includes a temperature sensor, a main shaft monitoring sensor and a corresponding data demodulator;

[0009] Wherein, the blade hub monitoring unit is used to monitor the real-time load of the blade hub bolts, and includes a hub bolt load sensor and a corresponding data demodulator;

[0010] The offshore tower status monitoring unit is used to monitor the operating status of the wind turbine tower in the offshore wind turbine in real time, and includes a metal strain sensor, a grating displacement sensor, an inclination sensor, an acceleration sensor and a corresponding data demodulator;

[0011] The offshore wind turbine foundation monitoring unit is used to monitor the working status of the tower base fixing bolts and foundation structure of the offshore wind turbine, and includes a metal strain sensor, a displacement sensor and a corresponding data demodulator;

[0012] The offshore power transmission cable monitoring unit is used to monitor the working status of the data / power transmission cable in the offshore wind turbine in real time, and includes an offshore power transmission cable load sensor and a corresponding data demodulator.

[0013] Furthermore, all data demodulators transmit data to the control terminal in the form of wired or 4G wireless transmission.

[0014] Furthermore, the non-metallic strain sensor of the wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit is arranged on the surface of the wind turbine blade.

[0015] Furthermore, the non-metallic strain sensor of the wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit is arranged in a stress concentration area of ​​the wind turbine blade.

[0016] Furthermore, the non-metallic strain sensor of the wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit is arranged in the mold seam area of ​​the leading and trailing edges of the blade.

[0017] Furthermore, the non-metallic strain sensor of the wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit is arranged in the PS / SS surface main beam area of ​​the blade.

[0018] Furthermore, the hub bolt load sensor of the blade hub monitoring unit adopts a grating metal strain sensor as a load acquisition sensor, which is arranged in the blade root bolt area.

[0019] Furthermore, the metal strain sensor and displacement sensor of the offshore unit foundation monitoring unit, the temperature sensor and main shaft monitoring sensor of the nacelle monitoring unit, the hub bolt load sensor of the blade hub monitoring unit, and the metal strain sensor, displacement sensor, inclination sensor, and acceleration sensor of the offshore tower status monitoring unit all adopt grating sensors.

[0020] Furthermore, the connecting optical cables used in the wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit, the offshore tower status monitoring unit, and the cabin monitoring unit use non-metallic armored optical cables, specifically Kevlar fiber armored optical cables, whose connection positions use SMF-28 pigtails, and whose installation sockets adopt FC / APC socket specifications.

[0021] Furthermore, the connecting optical cable used in the offshore power transmission cable monitoring unit uses a metal wire armored optical cable, the connection position uses an SMF-28 pigtail, and the installation socket adopts FC / APC socket specifications.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0023] The present application includes sensors based on the grating wave principle and corresponding data acquisition and demodulation equipment arranged on the surface of blades, tower surface, main engine room, and offshore power transmission cables. The present application provides a complete set of online monitoring systems for the operating status of offshore wind turbines. Through this system, remote online monitoring of the working status of offshore wind turbine blades, towers, engine rooms, and offshore power transmission cables is realized, reducing the labor cost of irregular inspections of the units and reducing the work intensity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the positions of various units in an online monitoring system dedicated to offshore wind turbines according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 The figure shows a data transmission method of an online monitoring system dedicated to offshore wind turbines according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 Shown is a schematic diagram of the distribution and connection method of sensors of an online monitoring system specifically used for offshore wind turbines according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides an online monitoring system dedicated to offshore wind turbines, including a control terminal and a wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit 1, a nacelle monitoring unit 2, a blade hub monitoring unit 3, an offshore tower state monitoring unit 4, an offshore wind turbine foundation monitoring unit 5, and an offshore power transmission cable monitoring unit 6 connected to the control terminal;

[0029] The wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit 1 is used to monitor the operating status and load of wind turbine blades in offshore wind turbines in real time, and includes a non-metallic strain sensor and a corresponding data demodulator; all sensitive components and connecting cables in the wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit 1 are made of non-metallic materials to avoid system damage caused by lightning strikes. It should be noted that the unit uses a non-metallic strain sensor as a load measurement element, wherein the non-metallic strain sensor uses a Bragg grating as a sensitive element and a non-metallic encapsulated optical fiber cable as a connecting cable; the overall structure does not contain metal materials to help eliminate the hidden dangers of lightning strikes.

[0030] Among them, the cabin monitoring unit 2 is used to monitor the operating status of the main cabin of the offshore wind turbine in real time, which includes a temperature sensor, a main shaft monitoring sensor and a corresponding data demodulator; it should be noted that the cabin monitoring unit 2 mainly monitors the main cabin temperature and the main shaft operating status. The unit provides backup data for the wind turbine main control system, and timely remotely alarms abnormal temperature changes in the main cabin and main shaft abnormalities.

[0031] The blade hub monitoring unit 3 is used to monitor the real-time load of the blade hub bolts, and includes a hub bolt load sensor and a corresponding data demodulator. It should be noted that the blade hub monitoring unit 3 is used to determine the blade operation stability and the risk of hub bolt breakage to ensure the smooth and stable operation of the unit. The metal strain sensor in the unit uses a grating as a sensitive element and shares a set of data acquisition and demodulation equipment to reduce system complexity and save hardware costs.

[0032] Among them, the offshore tower status monitoring unit 4 is used to monitor the operating status of the wind turbine tower in the offshore wind turbine group in real time, which includes a metal strain sensor, a grating displacement sensor, an inclination sensor, an acceleration sensor and a corresponding data demodulator; it should be noted that the different detection elements such as the metal strain sensor, displacement sensor, inclination sensor, acceleration sensor, etc. in the unit can all use gratings as sensitive elements, and each sensitive element can share a set of data acquisition and demodulation equipment to reduce the complexity of the system and save hardware costs.

[0033] Among them, the offshore wind turbine foundation monitoring unit 5 is used to monitor the working status of the tower base fixing bolts and the basic structure of the offshore wind turbine, which includes a metal strain sensor, a displacement sensor and a corresponding data demodulator; it should be noted that the metal strain sensor and the displacement sensor in the offshore wind turbine foundation monitoring unit 5 can both use gratings as sensitive elements, and each sensitive element can share a set of data acquisition and demodulation equipment to reduce the complexity of the system and save hardware costs.

[0034] Among them, the offshore power transmission cable monitoring unit 6 is used to monitor the working status of the data / power transmission cable in the offshore wind turbine in real time, which includes an offshore power transmission cable load sensor and a corresponding data demodulator. Among them, single-row sensors are installed in series at a certain interval, and both ends of the sensor string are connected to different channels of the demodulator for mutual backup. The connecting cable in the offshore power transmission cable monitoring unit 6 is a metal-encapsulated optical cable, and metal wire is added to the protective layer of the optical cable to increase the mechanical protection performance and reduce the cost. It should be noted that the offshore power transmission cable monitoring unit 6 is used to accurately determine the abnormal position of the cable for rapid maintenance; the system can also use grating sensors as sensitive elements to reduce the system hardware cost on the basis of increasing the service life of the system.

[0035] It should be noted that the control terminal is a computer device.

[0036] It should be noted that the measurement bandwidth of the data demodulator is 80 nm, and the single-channel sensors are installed in series.

[0037] Preferably, all data demodulators transmit data to the control terminal in the form of wired or 4G wireless transmission. Among them, each of the above sensors is connected to the data demodulator by wire, and the control terminal and the data demodulator use a local area network composed of MESH routing to transmit data.

[0038] Preferably, the non-metallic strain sensor of the wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit 1 is arranged on the surface of the wind turbine blade. Preferably, the non-metallic strain sensor of the wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit 1 is arranged in the stress concentration area of ​​the wind turbine blade. Preferably, the non-metallic strain sensor of the wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit 1 is arranged in the mold seam area of ​​the leading and trailing edges of the blade. Preferably, the non-metallic strain sensor of the wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit 1 is arranged in the PS / SS surface main beam area of ​​the blade.

[0039] Preferably, the hub bolt load sensor of the blade hub monitoring unit 3 uses a grating metal strain sensor as a load acquisition sensor, which is arranged in the blade root bolt area.

[0040] Preferably, the metal strain sensor and displacement sensor of the offshore installation unit foundation monitoring unit 5, the temperature sensor and main shaft monitoring sensor of the nacelle monitoring unit 2, the hub bolt load sensor of the blade hub monitoring unit 3, and the metal strain sensor, displacement sensor, inclination sensor and acceleration sensor of the offshore tower status monitoring unit 4 all adopt grating sensors.

[0041] Preferably, the connecting optical cables used in the wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit 1, the offshore tower status monitoring unit 4, and the cabin monitoring unit 2 use non-metallic armored optical cables, which can effectively reduce the adverse effects of lightning strikes on system stability and better protect system hardware equipment. Specifically, they are Kevlar fiber armored optical cables, and their connection positions use SMF-28 pigtails. Their installation sockets use FC / APC socket specifications, and other socket specifications can also be selected. Kevlar fiber is added to the optical cable protective layer to increase the mechanical protection performance and maintain insulation.

[0042] Preferably, the connecting optical cable used in the offshore power transmission cable monitoring unit 6 uses a metal wire armored optical cable, the connection position uses an SMF-28 pigtail, and the installation socket adopts FC / APC socket specifications, and other socket specifications can also be selected.

[0043] It should be noted that the data demodulator may have 8 channels, or a 12-channel or 16-channel demodulator may be selected according to actual conditions. Preferably, the bandwidth is 80nm / 100nm, and other demodulators that meet the measurement requirements may also be selected.

[0044] It should be noted that this system focuses the online monitoring of offshore wind turbines on the blades of wind turbines. Specifically, before the offshore wind turbine blades are shipped / installed, this solution uses epoxy adhesive to stick and fix the grating strain sensors made of non-metallic materials to the corresponding positions of the blades to be measured (usually the theoretical stress concentration area of ​​the blade) and perform corresponding protection. Each sensor is connected to the data demodulator located in the hub via a non-metallic optical cable for data aggregation and processing. Compared with traditional solutions, all exposed components, cables, etc. involved in this solution are made of non-metallic materials, which avoids the impact of lightning strikes on the system; at the same time, after testing, the average failure cycle of the equipment installed by this solution is much better than that of traditional monitoring solutions, which greatly reduces the maintenance interval and improves the reliability of monitoring.

[0045] Specifically, this solution also uses grating sensitive elements as the data source for strain collection and monitoring for offshore wind turbine blade hub bolt monitoring, in order to reduce the overall cost and complexity of the system; the grating metal strain sensor is fixed to the end of the blade hub bolt by welding, and the hub bolt status is monitored in real time by analyzing the changes in the strain at this position. Through this data, the system can better monitor the working status of the blades in the offshore wind turbine and promptly warn of possible dangerous situations.

[0046] Specifically, this solution also uses grating sensitive elements as the data source for collecting and monitoring parameters such as strain / displacement / inclination / acceleration for monitoring the tower of offshore wind turbines, so as to reduce the overall cost and complexity of the system; each sensor is connected to the data demodulator at the top of the tower via an optical cable for data aggregation and processing. Preferably, each sensor at the tower position can be fixedly installed by welding to better extend its service life.

[0047] Specifically, this solution also uses grating sensitive elements as the data source for strain / displacement and other parameter acquisition and monitoring in the monitoring of the foundation of offshore wind turbines, and shares the data demodulator with the tower monitoring system to reduce the overall cost and complexity of the system. Each sensor is connected to the data demodulator at the top of the tower via an optical cable for data aggregation and processing. Preferably, each sensor at the foundation position can be fixedly installed by welding to better improve its service life.

[0048] Specifically, this solution also uses grating sensitive elements as the data collection source for the monitoring of the offshore power transmission cable part of the offshore wind turbine, and shares the data demodulator with the tower monitoring system to reduce the overall cost and complexity of the system; each sensor is arranged in series on the offshore power transmission cable line at a certain interval through a ring loop, and the two ends of the ring loop are respectively connected to the data demodulator located at the top of the offshore wind turbine tower.

[0049] Preferably, the grating sensors with different central wavelengths distributed on the offshore power transmission cable are installed in series at a certain interval, so that the damaged position of the offshore power transmission cable can be determined according to the missing data wavelength and data position in the data demodulator for timely repair. Preferably, dual-channel data transmission is achieved by connecting the data demodulator at both ends of the ring loop, thereby increasing the reliability margin of the system.

[0050] In offshore wind turbines, the tower and nacelle, and the nacelle and hub all need to rotate relative to each other during the operation of the unit. Therefore, it is very difficult to connect the equipment arranged inside the tower, nacelle, and hub. To solve this problem, the traditional method is to use data slip rings for wired transmission; this method is complex to install, the cables are cumbersome, and many moving parts require long-term maintenance. To solve this problem, this solution uses MESH routing to form a local area network system to wirelessly connect the data demodulators located at the top of the tower and the blade hub, and the data storage / control computer located in the main cabin; each data demodulator and computer are connected to the adjacent MESH routing by wired connection, and each MESH routing completes data transmission through wireless networking. Compared with the traditional method, this solution eliminates related moving parts such as data slip rings and cables to reduce the system installation cost, while eliminating the need for regular maintenance of moving parts and is more suitable for the high temperature and high humidity working environment of offshore wind turbines.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention to the scope of the described embodiments. In addition, those skilled in the art can understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and more variations and modifications can be made according to the teachings of the present invention, and these variations and modifications all fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. An online monitoring system dedicated to offshore wind turbines, characterized in that: It comprises a control terminal and a wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit (1) connected to the control terminal, a cabin monitoring unit (2), a blade hub monitoring unit (3), an offshore tower state monitoring unit (4), an offshore unit foundation monitoring unit (5), and an offshore power transmission cable monitoring unit (6); The wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit (1) is used to monitor the operating state and load condition of wind turbine blades in an offshore wind turbine in real time, and comprises a non-metallic strain sensor and a corresponding data demodulator; The engine room monitoring unit (2) is used to monitor the operating status of the main engine room of the offshore wind turbine in real time, and comprises a temperature sensor, a main shaft monitoring sensor and a corresponding data demodulator; The blade hub monitoring unit (3) is used to monitor the real-time load condition of the blade hub bolts, and comprises a hub bolt load sensor and a corresponding data demodulator; The offshore tower state monitoring unit (4) is used to monitor the operating state of the wind turbine tower in the offshore wind turbine group in real time, and comprises a metal strain sensor, a grating displacement sensor, an inclination sensor, an acceleration sensor and a corresponding data demodulator; The offshore wind turbine foundation monitoring unit (5) is used to monitor the working status of the tower base fixing bolts and foundation structure of the offshore wind turbine, and comprises a metal strain sensor, a displacement sensor and a corresponding data demodulator; The offshore power transmission cable monitoring unit (6) is used to monitor the working status of the data / power transmission cable in the offshore wind turbine in real time, and comprises an offshore power transmission cable load sensor and a corresponding data demodulator; The non-metallic strain sensor of the wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit (1) is arranged on the surface of the wind turbine blade and / or the stress concentration area of ​​the wind turbine blade, the mold seam area of ​​the leading and trailing edges of the blade, and the PS / SS surface main beam area of ​​the blade; The blade hub monitoring unit (3) is arranged in the blade root bolt area; The offshore wind turbine unit comprises an offshore unit foundation, a wind turbine tower, a wind turbine unit main cabin, and wind turbine blades. The wind turbine tower is installed on the offshore unit foundation, the wind turbine unit main cabin is installed on the top of the wind turbine tower, the wind turbine blades are installed on the blade hub, and the blade hub is installed on the wind turbine unit main cabin.

2. The online monitoring system dedicated to offshore wind turbines according to claim 1, characterized in that: All data demodulators transmit data to the control terminal in the form of wired or 4G wireless transmission.

3. The online monitoring system dedicated to offshore wind turbines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hub bolt load sensor of the blade hub monitoring unit (3) adopts a grating-type metal strain sensor as a load acquisition sensor, which is arranged in the blade root bolt area.

4. The online monitoring system dedicated to offshore wind turbines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal strain sensor and displacement sensor of the offshore unit foundation monitoring unit (5), the temperature sensor and main shaft monitoring sensor of the cabin monitoring unit (2), the hub bolt load sensor of the blade hub monitoring unit (3), and the metal strain sensor, displacement sensor, inclination sensor, and acceleration sensor of the offshore tower state monitoring unit (4) all adopt grating sensors.

5. The online monitoring system dedicated to offshore wind turbines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting optical cables used in the wind turbine blade surface load monitoring unit (1), the offshore tower status monitoring unit (4), and the cabin monitoring unit (2) are non-metallic armored optical cables, specifically Kevlar fiber armored optical cables, whose connection positions use SMF-28 pigtails, and whose installation sockets use FC / APC socket specifications.

6. The online monitoring system dedicated to offshore wind turbines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting optical cable used in the offshore power transmission cable monitoring unit (6) is a metal wire armored optical cable, the connection position uses an SMF-28 pigtail, and the installation socket adopts FC / APC socket specifications.

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