Test model for simulating water resistance of fault belt
By designing a test model including multi-layer simulants and multiple water pressure sensors, the problem of difficulty in simulating fault zone heterogeneity and anisotropy in the prior art is solved, and more accurate simulation and analysis of fault zone water barrier is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421006259.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-11
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-05-10
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to effectively simulate the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the fault zone, resulting in poor simulation experiments on water barrier properties of the fault zone.
A test model is designed, including model boxes, surrounding rock simulators and fault zone simulators. The fault zone simulators are composed of weak water blocking sections of faults, medium water blocking sections of faults and key fault water blocking layer simulators. Multiple water pressure sensors are set up to monitor the water pressure of each section of simulated subjects in real time, and data is analyzed through data processing devices.
This experimental model can more realistically reflect the complex structure of the fault zone, collect water pressure data from each monitoring point in real time, intuitively reflect the water blocking effect of the fault water blocking key layer, and study the impact of fault water blocking key layer at different locations on the water blocking properties of the fault zone.
Smart Images
Figure CN222599468U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of indoor test models, and in particular to a test model for simulating the water resistance of a fault zone. Background Art
[0002] Faults are geological structures formed when the earth's crust breaks due to stress and rocks on both sides of the fault surface shift. The fault zone is a zone consisting of the main fault surface and the broken rocks on both sides. Mines are mostly located in fault zones. Mining operations in fault zones will generate pressure on the fault zones, causing changes in the properties of the rock mass in the fault zones, further development of the original rock mass cracks, or new cracks in the rock mass, thereby triggering fault activation. Fault activation can cause the original non-water-conducting fault to be transformed into a water-conducting fault. At this time, groundwater flows into the mine working face along the fault under the action of pressure, causing water inrush from the roof and floor of the coal mine, posing a serious threat to the life safety of miners and the normal production of the mine.
[0003] Through field measurements and theoretical analysis of fault zone modeling, the fault zone can be simulated indoors to simulate the water resistance of the entire fault zone. However, the structure of the fault zone is complex, and there are obvious differences in the structure and physical properties of the rocks. Therefore, the water resistance simulation experiment of the entire fault zone fails to take into account the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the fault zone, and cannot fully reflect the actual water resistance of the fault zone, which reduces the effect of the experiment. Utility Model Content
[0004] The present application provides an experimental model for simulating the water-blocking property of a fault zone. Based on the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the fault zone, the influence of the fault water-blocking key layer at different positions on the water-blocking property of the fault zone is studied.
[0005] The present application provides a test model for simulating the water resistance of a fault zone, comprising:
[0006] The model box is filled with surrounding rock simulants and fault zone simulants. The surrounding rock simulants surround the fault zone simulants. The surrounding rock simulants and the fault zone simulants have the same height. The fault zone simulants include: a fault weak water blocking section simulant, a fault medium water blocking section simulant and a fault water blocking key layer simulant.
[0007] A first water pressure sensor, a second water pressure sensor and a third water pressure sensor, wherein the first water pressure sensor is arranged inside a fault weak water-blocking section simulation object, the second water pressure sensor is arranged inside a fault medium water-blocking section simulation object, and the third water pressure sensor is arranged inside a fault water-blocking key layer simulation object; the first water pressure sensor, the second water pressure sensor and the third water pressure sensor are arranged at different heights at the same position;
[0008] A water inlet connected to the bottom of the model box;
[0009] A water outlet, the water outlet is connected to the top of the model box;
[0010] A volume pressure controller, which is fixedly connected to the water inlet;
[0011] A data processing device is connected to the first water pressure sensor, the second water pressure sensor, the third water pressure sensor and the volume pressure controller.
[0012] The above-mentioned experimental model can collect the water pressure at each monitoring point under different water injection pressures in the surrounding rock simulation and the fault zone simulation in real time, which can intuitively reflect the water-blocking effect of the fault water-blocking key layer; by changing the position of the fault water-blocking key layer simulation in the fault zone simulation, the influence of the fault water-blocking key layer in different positions on the water-blocking properties of the fault zone can be studied.
[0013] In some embodiments, the test model for simulating the water resistance of the fault zone further includes: a fourth water pressure sensor, the fourth water pressure sensor is disposed inside the surrounding rock simulation, and the height of the fourth water pressure sensor is the same as that of the first water pressure sensor;
[0014] a fifth water pressure sensor, which is disposed inside the surrounding rock simulation object, and has a height that is the same as that of the second water pressure sensor;
[0015] a sixth water pressure sensor, which is disposed inside the surrounding rock simulation object, and has a height that is the same as that of the third water pressure sensor;
[0016] The data processing device is connected to the fourth water pressure sensor, the fifth water pressure sensor and the sixth water pressure sensor.
[0017] By installing water pressure sensors in the surrounding rock simulation, the real-time water pressure at each monitoring point in the surrounding rock simulation under different water injection pressures can be collected. By collecting the internal water pressure monitoring data of the surrounding rock simulation and the internal water pressure monitoring data of the fault zone simulation at the same height, the water blocking effect of the fault zone can be compared more intuitively.
[0018] In some embodiments, the test model for simulating the water blocking property of the fault zone further includes: a first filter screen, a second filter screen, and a third filter screen, wherein the first filter screen and the second filter screen are arranged inside the fault zone simulation object, and are used to separate the fault weak water blocking section simulation object, the fault medium water blocking section simulation object, and the fault water blocking key layer simulation object;
[0019] The third filter screen is arranged at the bottom of the simulation box, and the shape of the third filter screen is the same as the shape of the bottom surface of the simulation box.
[0020] The first filter and the second filter are used to separate the fault weak water blocking section simulation, the fault medium water blocking section simulation and the fault water blocking key layer simulation in the fault zone simulation, so as to facilitate changing the position of the fault water blocking key layer simulation during the test. The third filter set at the bottom of the model box can play a role in drainage, avoiding damage to the model box due to excessive water injection pressure.
[0021] In some embodiments, the surrounding rock simulant in the test model includes gravel, river sand, and bentonite configured in a first preset ratio;
[0022] The fault weak water-blocking section simulant includes gravel, river sand and bentonite configured in a second preset ratio;
[0023] The fault medium water blocking section simulant includes gravel, river sand and bentonite configured according to a third preset ratio;
[0024] The fault water-blocking key layer simulant includes gravel, river sand and bentonite configured according to a fourth preset ratio.
[0025] By using filling materials with different pore sizes to simulate the rocks in the fault zone, the complex structure of the fault zone can be more realistically reflected, providing a reference for the prevention and control of fault water hazards.
[0026] In some embodiments, the test model for simulating the water resistance of the fault zone further includes: a first pressure gauge and a second pressure gauge, wherein the first pressure gauge is fixedly connected to the water inlet, and the second pressure gauge is fixedly connected to the water outlet.
[0027] The water pressure at the water inlet is measured by the first pressure gauge, and the water injection pressure controlled by the volume pressure controller is secondarily monitored to ensure the accuracy of the water pressure measurement. The water pressure at the water outlet is measured by the second pressure gauge, and the water pressure at the water outlet can be collected and combined with the water injection pressure to determine the water blocking properties of the fault water blocking key layer simulator.
[0028] In some embodiments, the test model for simulating the water resistance of the fault zone further includes: a water inlet valve and a water outlet valve, wherein the water inlet valve is arranged at the water inlet, and the water outlet valve is arranged at the water outlet.
[0029] An inlet valve is provided at the water inlet to facilitate control of the opening and closing of the water inlet; a water outlet valve is provided at the water outlet to facilitate control of the opening and closing of the water outlet.
[0030] In some embodiments, the test model for simulating the water-blocking property of a fault zone further includes: a top cover, which is disposed above the model box.
[0031] A top cover is arranged above the model box to close the model box and ensure that the water passing through the surrounding rock simulation and the fault zone simulation flows out from the outlet, so as to facilitate the measurement of the water pressure at the outlet.
[0032] In some embodiments, the model box in the test model is in the shape of a cylinder, the fault zone simulator is in the shape of a cuboid, the fault zone simulator is disposed at the center of the model box, and the surrounding rock simulator surrounds the fault zone simulator.
[0033] The shape of the fault zone simulator is a rectangular parallelepiped, which can simulate the structure of the fault zone more realistically. The fault zone simulator is set at the center of the model box, and the surrounding rock simulator surrounds the periphery of the fault zone simulator. During the water injection process, the water-blocking property of the fault water-blocking key layer simulator can be intuitively monitored.
[0034] In some embodiments, the model box in the test model has a diameter of 350-400 mm and a height of 300-350 mm;
[0035] The fault zone simulation object has a length of 150-200 mm, a width of 80-120 mm, and a height of 300-350 mm.
[0036] In some embodiments, the height of the fault weak water-blocking section simulator in the test model is 120-150 mm;
[0037] The height of the simulated object of the medium water-blocking section of the fault is 120-150 mm;
[0038] The height of the fault water-blocking key layer simulation is 60-100mm.
[0039] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that the present application provides a test model for simulating the water-blocking property of a fault zone, including: a model box is filled with surrounding rock simulations and fault zone simulations, the surrounding rock simulations surround the outer periphery of the fault zone simulations, and the fault zone simulations include: a fault weak water-blocking section simulation, a fault medium water-blocking section simulation, and a fault water-blocking key layer simulation; three water pressure sensors are respectively arranged inside the fault weak water-blocking section simulation, inside the fault medium water-blocking section simulation, and inside the fault water-blocking key layer simulation; the water inlet is connected to the bottom of the model box; the water outlet is connected to the top of the model box; the volume pressure controller is fixedly connected to the water inlet; and the data processing device is connected to the three water pressure sensors and the volume pressure controller. The above test model can study the influence of the fault water-blocking key layer on the water-blocking property of the fault zone when it is in different positions, and can reflect the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the fault zone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.
[0041] Figure 1 This is an example diagram of the overall structure of the test model for simulating the water blocking property of the fault zone described in the embodiment of the present application;
[0042] Figure 2 This is an example diagram of a cross-section of a fault water-blocking key layer simulator in an experimental model for simulating the water-blocking properties of a fault zone as described in an embodiment of the present application.
[0043] Illustration Description:
[0044] Among them, 1-simulation box; 2-surrounding rock simulation; 3-fault zone simulation; 31-fault weak water-blocking section simulation; 32-fault medium water-blocking section simulation; 33-fault water-blocking key layer simulation; 41-first water pressure sensor; 42-second water pressure sensor; 43-third water pressure sensor; 44-fourth water pressure sensor; 45-fifth water pressure sensor; 46-sixth water pressure sensor; 5-water inlet; 6-water outlet; 7-volume pressure controller; 8-data processing device; 9-filter; 101-first pressure gauge; 102-second pressure gauge; 111-water inlet valve; 112-water outlet valve; 12-top cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] In order to make the purpose and implementation method of the present application clearer, the exemplary implementation method of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the exemplary embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described exemplary embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments.
[0046] It should be noted that the brief description of terms in this application is only for the convenience of understanding the embodiments described below, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. Unless otherwise specified, these terms should be understood according to their common and usual meanings.
[0047] The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. in the specification and claims of this application and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar or similar objects or entities, and do not necessarily mean to limit a specific order or sequence, unless otherwise noted. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances.
[0048] The terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover but not exclude inclusion, for example, a product or device comprising a list of components is not necessarily limited to all the components expressly listed but may include other components not expressly listed or inherent to such product or device.
[0049] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the application, some concepts involved in the application are first explained below.
[0050] Faults are geological structures formed when the crust breaks due to stress and the rocks on both sides of the fault surface are displaced. The fault zone is a zone composed of the main fault surface and the broken rocks on both sides. During the formation of the fault zone, the rocks in the fault zone have undergone multiple deformations and crushings, as well as physical and chemical changes of varying degrees, forming complex structural characteristics. Therefore, the rocks in the fault zone include many types, such as breccia, breccia, mylonite, etc. The rocks in the fault zone have obvious differences in physical and mechanical properties, resulting in the high heterogeneity and anisotropy of the fault zone.
[0051] Mines are mostly located in fault zones. Mining operations in fault zones will generate pressure on the fault zones, causing changes in the properties of the rock mass in the fault zones, further developing the original rock mass cracks, or inducing new cracks in the rock mass, thereby causing fault activation. Fault activation can cause the original non-water-conducting faults to be transformed into water-conducting faults. At this time, groundwater flows into the mine working face along the fault under the action of pressure, causing water inrush from the roof and floor of the coal mine, posing a serious threat to the lives and safety of miners and the normal production of the mine.
[0052] Indoor similar material simulation is an experimental method based on similarity theory. It uses artificial materials to simulate a model similar to the prototype in an indoor environment, so as to study the experimental prototype safely, economically and effectively. In the process of the experiment, artificial materials are made into similar models according to a certain proportion, and the mechanical phenomena and laws existing in the experimental prototype are explored by observing the displacement and stress of the similar model.
[0053] Combining field measurements with theoretical analysis of fault zone modeling, the fault zone can be simulated indoors to simulate the water resistance of the entire fault zone. However, the structure of the fault zone is complex, and there are obvious differences in the structure and physical properties of the rocks. Therefore, the water resistance simulation experiment of the entire fault zone fails to take into account the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the fault zone, and cannot fully reflect the actual water resistance of the fault zone, which reduces the effect of the experiment.
[0054] In order to better simulate the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the fault zone and study the influence of the fault water-blocking key layer at different positions on the water-blocking property of the fault zone, an embodiment of the present application provides an experimental model for simulating the water-blocking property of the fault zone. Figure 1This is an example diagram of the overall structure of the test model for simulating the water blocking property of the fault zone described in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is an example cross-sectional view of a fault water-blocking key layer simulation in a test model for simulating fault zone water-blocking properties according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 and Figure 2 An experimental model provided in the present application for simulating the water-blocking property of a fault zone is described in detail.
[0055] The present application provides an experimental model for simulating the water resistance of a fault zone, comprising: a model box 1, a first water pressure sensor 41, a second water pressure sensor 42 and a third water pressure sensor 43, a water inlet 5, a water outlet 6, a volume pressure controller 7 and a data processing device 8.
[0056] The model box 1 is filled with surrounding rock simulation 2 and fault zone simulation 3. The surrounding rock simulation 2 surrounds the fault zone simulation 3. The surrounding rock simulation 2 and the fault zone simulation 3 have the same height. The fault zone simulation 3 includes: a fault weak water blocking section simulation 31, a fault medium water blocking section simulation 32 and a fault water blocking key layer simulation 33.
[0057] The first water pressure sensor 41 is arranged inside the fault weak water blocking section simulation object 31, the second water pressure sensor 42 is arranged inside the fault medium water blocking section simulation object 32, and the third water pressure sensor 43 is arranged inside the fault water blocking key layer simulation object 33; the first water pressure sensor 41, the second water pressure sensor 42 and the third water pressure sensor 43 are arranged at different heights at the same position;
[0058] The water inlet 5 is connected to the bottom of the model box 1;
[0059] The water outlet 6 is connected to the top of the model box 1;
[0060] The volume pressure controller 7 is fixedly connected to the water inlet 5;
[0061] The data processing device 8 is connected to the first water pressure sensor 41 , the second water pressure sensor 42 , the third water pressure sensor 43 and the volume pressure controller 7 .
[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, based on the similarity theory, the model box 1 is filled with surrounding rock simulation 2 and fault zone simulation 3 to simulate the structure of the fault zone. The fault zone simulation 3 is placed vertically at the bottom of the simulation box 1, and the surrounding rock simulation 2 surrounds the periphery of the fault zone simulation 3, and the surrounding rock simulation 2 and the fault zone simulation 3 are at the same height. The fault zone simulation 3 includes: a fault weak water blocking section simulation 31, a fault medium water blocking section simulation 32 and a fault water blocking key layer simulation 33, wherein the fault weak water blocking section simulation 31 has a large pore and a weak water blocking property; the fault medium water blocking section simulation 32 has a medium pore and a medium water blocking property; the fault water blocking key layer simulation 33 has a small pore and a strong water blocking property.
[0063] In some embodiments, the surrounding rock simulation 2 is composed of gravel, river sand and bentonite according to a first preset ratio; the fault weak water-blocking section simulation 31 is composed of gravel, river sand and bentonite according to a second preset ratio; the fault medium water-blocking section simulation 32 is composed of gravel, river sand and bentonite according to a third preset ratio; the fault water-blocking key layer simulation 33 is composed of gravel, river sand and bentonite according to a fourth preset ratio.
[0064] For example, sampling is conducted on the fault zone on site, and microscopic test and analysis are conducted on the samples to determine that the rock mass in the fault zone is mainly composed of a rock skeleton and fine-grained clay fillings. Using gravel, river sand and bentonite as raw materials, a surrounding rock simulant 2 is configured according to a first preset ratio as a similar model of the surrounding rock; a fault weak water-blocking section simulant 31 is configured according to a second preset ratio as a similar model of the fault weak water-blocking section; a fault medium water-blocking section simulant 32 is configured according to a third preset ratio as a similar model of the fault medium water-blocking section; a fault water-blocking key layer simulant 33 is configured according to a fourth preset ratio as a similar model of the fault water-blocking key layer.
[0065] The fault zone simulator 3 is formed by combining the fault weak water-blocking section simulator 31, the fault medium water-blocking section simulator 32 and the fault water-blocking key layer simulator 33. Fillers with different pore sizes are used to simulate the rocks in the fault zone. The heterogeneity and anisotropy of the fault zone are fully considered, which more realistically reflects the complex structure of the fault zone and provides a reference for the prevention and control of fault water hazards.
[0066] In the embodiment of the present application, the water inlet 5 is arranged at the bottom of the model box 1, and the water outlet 6 is arranged at the top of the model box 1. The water flow of the preset water pressure is controlled to flow from the bottom of the model box 1 to the top of the model box 1 through the volume pressure controller 7 fixedly connected to the water inlet 5. The water pressure inside the fault weak water-blocking section simulator 31 is collected in real time by the first water pressure sensor 41, the water pressure inside the fault medium water-blocking section simulator 32 is collected in real time by the second water pressure sensor 42, and the water pressure inside the fault water-blocking key layer simulator 33 is collected in real time by the third water pressure sensor 43. The data processing device 8 is connected to the first water pressure sensor 41, the second water pressure sensor 42, the third water pressure sensor 43 and the volume pressure controller 7, and is used to monitor the water pressure changes at different positions in the simulation box 1 and the relationship between the water pressure at different positions in the simulation box 1 and the water injection pressure at the water inlet 5 in real time.
[0067] For example, the volume pressure controller 7 is used to control the water flow to flow into the simulation box 1 from the water inlet 5 at a water injection pressure of 0.2 MPa, and the water injection pressure of 0.2 MPa is maintained for 20 minutes. The first water pressure sensor 41, the second water pressure sensor 42, and the third water pressure sensor 43 are used to collect the water pressure of the monitoring points corresponding to different heights of the simulation box 1 in real time, and the real-time collected pressure data is sent to the data processing device 8. The data processing device 8 draws a trend graph of the water pressure of each monitoring point in the simulation box 1 over time, and combines the water injection pressure controlled by the volume pressure controller 7 to draw a relationship graph between the water pressure of each monitoring point and the water injection pressure.
[0068] Next, the volume pressure controller 7 is used to increase the water injection pressure gradually with a gradient of 0.2 MPa and maintain it for 20 minutes, that is, maintain the water injection pressure of 0.4 MPa for 20 minutes and maintain the water injection pressure of 0.6 MPa for 20 minutes, until the water injection pressure reaches the preset water pressure. The data processing device 8 collects the water pressure of each monitoring point in real time, and draws a trend diagram of the water pressure of each monitoring point over time and a relationship diagram of the water pressure of each monitoring point and the water injection pressure in combination with the current water injection pressure.
[0069] By using the volume pressure controller 7 to control the injection pressure, the scene of groundwater gushing into the fault zone can be truly simulated; according to the water pressure sensors at different monitoring points in the simulation box 1, the water pressure of each monitoring point can be collected in real time; using the data processing device 8 to draw a relationship diagram between the water pressure of the monitoring point, the injection pressure and time, it can intuitively reflect the pressure conditions of each monitoring point under different water pressures, and then determine the water-blocking effect of the fault zone.
[0070] In some embodiments, the interior of the surrounding rock simulation 2 also includes: a fourth water pressure sensor 44, a fifth water pressure sensor 45 and a sixth water pressure sensor 46, wherein the height of the fourth water pressure sensor 44 is the same as the height of the first water pressure sensor 41; the height of the fifth water pressure sensor 45 is the same as the height of the second water pressure sensor 42; the height of the sixth water pressure sensor 46 is the same as the height of the third water pressure sensor 43; and the data processing device 8 is connected to the fourth water pressure sensor 44, the fifth water pressure sensor 45 and the sixth water pressure sensor 46.
[0071] By setting water pressure sensors at monitoring points corresponding to different heights in the surrounding rock simulation 2, the real-time water pressure of each monitoring point in the surrounding rock simulation 2 under different water injection pressures can be collected. The data processing device 8 is connected to the fourth water pressure sensor 44, the fifth water pressure sensor 45 and the sixth water pressure sensor 46, and can collect the water pressure of each monitoring point in real time, draw a trend chart of the water pressure of each monitoring point over time, and draw a relationship chart between the water pressure of each monitoring point and the water injection pressure in combination with the current water injection pressure. Collecting the internal water pressure monitoring data of the surrounding rock simulation 2 and the internal water pressure monitoring data of the fault zone simulation 3 at the same height and comparing them can more intuitively reflect the water blocking effect of the fault zone.
[0072] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the positional relationship between the fault weak water blocking section simulator 31, the fault medium water blocking section simulator 32 and the fault water blocking key layer simulator 33, that is, the fault water blocking key layer simulator 33 can be used as the upper part of the fault zone simulator 3, or as the middle part of the fault zone simulator 3, or as the lower part of the fault zone simulator 3. During the experiment, by changing the position of the fault water blocking key layer simulator 33, the influence of the fault water blocking key layer at different positions on the water blocking property is studied.
[0073] The following examples specifically illustrate the test process of exploring the water-blocking properties of the fault zone using the test model provided by the present application.
[0074] First, the fault water-blocking key layer simulation 33, the fault medium water-blocking section simulation 32 and the fault weak water-blocking section simulation 31 are stacked in sequence from bottom to top to form a fault zone simulation 3. The surrounding rock simulation 2 is surrounded by the periphery of the fault zone simulation 3, the first water pressure sensor 41 is set inside the fault weak water-blocking section simulation 31, the second water pressure sensor 42 is set inside the fault medium water-blocking section simulation 32, and the third water pressure sensor 43 is set inside the fault water-blocking key layer simulation 33, wherein the first water pressure sensor 41, the second water pressure sensor 42 and the third water pressure sensor 43 are arranged along the vertical direction of the model box 1. The fourth water pressure sensor 44 is arranged inside the surrounding rock simulation 2 at the same height as the first water pressure sensor 41; the fifth water pressure sensor 45 is arranged inside the surrounding rock simulation 2 at the same height as the second water pressure sensor 42; the sixth water pressure sensor 46 is arranged inside the surrounding rock simulation 2 at the same height as the third water pressure sensor 43; the fourth water pressure sensor 44, the fifth water pressure sensor 45 and the sixth water pressure sensor 46 are arranged along the vertical direction of the model box 1.
[0075] Based on the volume pressure controller 7, the water injection pressure is controlled, and water is injected into the model box 1 through the water inlet 5. The volume pressure controller 7 gradually increases the water injection pressure with a gradient of 0.2MPa. After the water injection pressure reaches the target value, it is maintained for 20 minutes, and then the next stage of pressurization is repeated until the water injection pressure reaches 1.5MPa. The data processing device 8 obtains the monitoring data of the six water pressure sensors in real time, draws the trend diagram of the water pressure change over time at the six monitoring points when the fault water blocking key layer simulation 33 is located at the bottom of the fault zone simulation 3, and draws the relationship diagram of the change of water pressure and water injection pressure at the six monitoring points when the fault water blocking key layer simulation 33 is located at the bottom of the fault zone simulation 3 in combination with the real-time water injection pressure of the volume pressure controller 7.
[0076] Next, the position of the fault water-blocking key layer simulation 33 in the fault zone simulation 3 is changed, and the fault medium water-blocking section simulation 32, the fault water-blocking key layer simulation 33 and the fault weak water-blocking section simulation 31 are stacked in sequence from bottom to top to form a fault zone simulation 3, and then as described in the above steps, six water pressure sensors are placed at six monitoring points, and the water pressure of each monitoring point under different water injection pressures is collected in real time, and a trend graph of the water pressure change over time of the six monitoring points is drawn when the fault water-blocking key layer simulation 33 is located in the middle of the fault zone simulation 3, and a graph of the relationship between the water pressure and the water injection pressure of the six monitoring points is drawn when the fault water-blocking key layer simulation 33 is located in the middle of the fault zone simulation 3 in combination with the real-time water injection pressure of the volume pressure controller 7.
[0077] Next, the position of the fault water-blocking key layer simulation 33 in the fault zone simulation 3 is changed, and the fault weak water-blocking section simulation 31, the fault medium water-blocking section simulation 32 and the fault water-blocking key layer simulation 33 are stacked in sequence from bottom to top to form the fault zone simulation 3, and then as described in the above steps, six water pressure sensors are placed at six monitoring points, and the water pressure of each monitoring point under different water injection pressures is collected in real time, and a trend graph of the water pressure change over time of the six monitoring points is drawn when the fault water-blocking key layer simulation 33 is located on the upper part of the fault zone simulation 3, and a graph of the relationship between the water pressure and the water injection pressure of the six monitoring points is drawn when the fault water-blocking key layer simulation 33 is located on the upper part of the fault zone simulation 3 in combination with the real-time water injection pressure of the volume pressure controller 7.
[0078] Finally, for the above-drawn images, the water pressure changes at the internal monitoring points of the surrounding rock simulation 2 and the fault zone simulation 3 are compared and analyzed when the fault water-blocking key layer simulation 33 is at the lower, middle and upper parts, and then the influence of the fault water-blocking key layer at different positions on the fault zone water-blocking effect is analyzed.
[0079] Through the test model for simulating the water-blocking property of the fault zone provided by the present application, the water pressure of each monitoring point in the surrounding rock simulation 2 and the fault zone simulation 3 under different water injection pressures can be collected in real time, and the water-blocking effect of the fault water-blocking key layer can be intuitively reflected; by changing the position of the fault water-blocking key layer simulation 33 in the fault zone simulation 3, the influence of the fault water-blocking key layer at different positions on the water-blocking property of the fault zone can be studied. The above test model can simulate the fault zone that is about to be exposed in the tunnel, provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of fault water hazards, speed up the mining progress of miners, and thus improve the production efficiency of the mine.
[0080] In some embodiments, the test model for simulating the water blocking property of the fault zone further includes: a first filter screen, a second filter screen and a third filter screen 9. The first filter screen and the second filter screen are arranged inside the fault zone simulation 3, and are used to separate the fault weak water blocking section simulation 31, the fault medium water blocking section simulation 32 and the fault water blocking key layer simulation 33. The third filter screen 9 is arranged at the bottom of the simulation box, and the first filter screen, the second filter screen and the fault zone simulation 3 have the same cross-sectional shape, and the shape of the third filter screen 9 is the same as the shape of the bottom surface of the simulation box.
[0081] The first filter screen and the second filter screen are used to separate the fault weak water blocking section simulator 31, the fault medium water blocking section simulator 32 and the fault water blocking key layer simulator 33 in the fault zone simulator 3, so as to facilitate changing the position of the fault water blocking key layer simulator 33 during the test. The third filter screen 9 arranged at the bottom of the model box 1 can play a role in drainage, and avoid damage to the model box 1 due to excessive water injection pressure.
[0082] In some embodiments, the test model for simulating the water resistance of the fault zone further includes: a first pressure gauge 101 and a second pressure gauge 102. The first pressure gauge 101 is fixedly connected to the water inlet 5; the second pressure gauge 102 is fixedly connected to the water outlet 6.
[0083] The water pressure at the water inlet 5 is measured using the first pressure gauge 101, and the water injection pressure controlled by the volume pressure controller 7 is secondary monitored to ensure the accuracy of the water pressure measurement; the water pressure at the water outlet 6 is measured using the second pressure gauge 102, and the water pressure at the water outlet can be collected, and combined with the water injection pressure, the water blocking properties of the fault water blocking key layer simulator 33 can be judged.
[0084] In some embodiments, the test model for simulating the water resistance of the fault zone further includes: a water inlet valve 111 and a water outlet valve 112. The water inlet valve 111 is arranged at the water inlet 5; the water outlet valve 112 is arranged at the water outlet 6.
[0085] A water inlet valve 111 is provided at the water inlet 5 to facilitate the control of the opening and closing of the water inlet; a water outlet valve 112 is provided at the water outlet 6 to facilitate the control of the opening and closing of the water outlet. For example, before the test simulating the water blocking property of the fault zone, the water inlet valve 111 and the water outlet valve 112 are opened, and after the test, the water inlet valve 111 and the water outlet valve 112 are closed.
[0086] In some embodiments, the test model for simulating the water-blocking property of a fault zone further includes: a top cover 12 , and the top cover 12 is disposed above the model box 1 .
[0087] A top cover 12 is provided above the model box 1 to seal the model box 1 and ensure that water passing through the surrounding rock simulation 2 and the fault zone simulation 3 flows out from the water outlet 6, so as to facilitate the measurement of the water pressure at the water outlet.
[0088] In some embodiments, the model box 1 is shaped like a cylinder, the fault zone simulator 3 is shaped like a cuboid, the fault zone simulator 3 is disposed at the center of the model box, and the surrounding rock simulator 2 surrounds the fault zone simulator.
[0089] The shape of the fault zone simulator 3 is a rectangular parallelepiped, which can simulate the structure of the fault zone more realistically. The fault zone simulator 3 is set at the center of the model box, and the surrounding rock simulator 2 surrounds the fault zone simulator 3. During the water injection process, the water blocking property of the fault water-blocking key layer simulator 33 can be intuitively monitored.
[0090] In some embodiments, the diameter of the model box 1 is 350-400mm, and the height is 300-350mm; the length of the fault zone simulator 3 is 150-200mm, the width is 80-120mm, and the height is 300-350mm; the height of the fault weak water-blocking section simulator 31 is 120-150mm; the height of the fault medium water-blocking section simulator 32 is 120-150mm; the height of the fault water-blocking key layer simulator 33 is 60-100mm.
[0091] For example, the model box 1 has a diameter of 380 mm and a height of 360 mm; the fault zone simulator 3 has a length of 200 mm, a width of 10 mm, and a height of 360 mm; the fault weak water blocking section simulator 31 has a height of 140 mm; the fault medium water blocking section simulator 32 has a height of 140 mm; and the fault water blocking key layer simulator 33 has a height of 80 mm. The simulation box of the above specifications can simulate the structure of the fault zone more realistically and provide convenience for the operation of the test.
[0092] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that the present application provides a test model for simulating the water-blocking property of a fault zone, including: a model box is filled with surrounding rock simulations and fault zone simulations, the surrounding rock simulations surround the outer periphery of the fault zone simulations, and the fault zone simulations include: a fault weak water-blocking section simulation, a fault medium water-blocking section simulation, and a fault water-blocking key layer simulation; three water pressure sensors are respectively arranged inside the fault weak water-blocking section simulation, inside the fault medium water-blocking section simulation, and inside the fault water-blocking key layer simulation; the water inlet is connected to the bottom of the model box; the water outlet is connected to the top of the model box; the volume pressure controller is fixedly connected to the water inlet; and the data processing device is connected to the three water pressure sensors and the volume pressure controller. The above test model can study the influence of the fault water-blocking key layer on the water-blocking property of the fault zone when it is in different positions, and can reflect the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the fault zone.
[0093] Similar parts between the embodiments provided in this application can be referenced to each other. The specific implementation methods provided above are only a few examples under the general concept of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of this application. For those skilled in the art, any other implementation methods expanded based on the scheme of this application without creative work belong to the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A test model for simulating the water resistance of a fault zone, characterized in that: include: A model box, wherein the interior of the model box is filled with surrounding rock simulation and fault zone simulation, wherein the surrounding rock simulation surrounds the periphery of the fault zone simulation, and the surrounding rock simulation and the fault zone simulation have the same height, and the fault zone simulation includes: a fault weak water blocking section simulation, a fault medium water blocking section simulation, and a fault water blocking key layer simulation; a first water pressure sensor, a second water pressure sensor and a third water pressure sensor, wherein the first water pressure sensor is arranged inside the fault weak water-blocking section simulation, the second water pressure sensor is arranged inside the fault medium water-blocking section simulation, and the third water pressure sensor is arranged inside the fault water-blocking key layer simulation; the first water pressure sensor, the second water pressure sensor and the third water pressure sensor are arranged at different heights at the same position; A water inlet connected to the bottom of the model box; A water outlet, the water outlet being connected to the top of the model box; A volume pressure controller, wherein the volume pressure controller is fixedly connected to the water inlet; A data processing device is connected to the first water pressure sensor, the second water pressure sensor, the third water pressure sensor and the volume pressure controller.
2. The test model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: a fourth water pressure sensor, the fourth water pressure sensor being disposed inside the surrounding rock simulation, and the height of the fourth water pressure sensor being the same as that of the first water pressure sensor; a fifth water pressure sensor, the fifth water pressure sensor being disposed inside the surrounding rock simulation, and the height of the fifth water pressure sensor being the same as the height of the second water pressure sensor; a sixth water pressure sensor, the sixth water pressure sensor being disposed inside the surrounding rock simulation, and the height of the sixth water pressure sensor being the same as that of the third water pressure sensor; The data processing device is connected to the fourth water pressure sensor, the fifth water pressure sensor and the sixth water pressure sensor.
3. The test model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A first filter screen and a second filter screen, wherein the first filter screen and the second filter screen are arranged inside the fault zone simulation, and are used to separate the fault weak water blocking section simulation, the fault medium water blocking section simulation and the fault water blocking key layer simulation; The third filter screen is arranged at the bottom of the model box, and the shape of the third filter screen is the same as the shape of the bottom surface of the model box.
4. The test model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The surrounding rock simulant includes gravel, river sand and bentonite configured in a first preset ratio; The fault weak water-blocking section simulant includes gravel, river sand and bentonite configured in a second preset ratio; The fault medium water blocking section simulant includes gravel, river sand and bentonite configured according to a third preset ratio; The fault water-blocking key layer simulant includes gravel, river sand and bentonite configured according to a fourth preset ratio.
5. The test model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: a first pressure gauge, the first pressure gauge being fixedly connected to the water inlet; A second pressure gauge is fixedly connected to the water outlet.
6. The test model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A water inlet valve, the water inlet valve being arranged at the water inlet; A water outlet valve is arranged at the water outlet.
7. The test model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A top cover is arranged above the model box.
8. The test model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model box is in the shape of a cylinder, the fault zone simulator is in the shape of a cuboid, the fault zone simulator is arranged at the center of the model box, and the surrounding rock simulator surrounds the periphery of the fault zone simulator.
9. The test model according to claim 8, characterized in that: The model box is in the shape of a cylinder, and the fault zone simulation is in the shape of a cuboid, comprising: The model box has a diameter of 350-400 mm and a height of 300-350 mm; The fault zone simulation object has a length of 150-200 mm, a width of 80-120 mm, and a height of 300-350 mm.
10. The test model according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fault zone simulant includes: a fault weak water blocking section simulant, a fault medium water blocking section simulant and a fault water blocking key layer simulant, wherein: The height of the fault weak water-blocking section simulator is 120-150 mm; The height of the medium water blocking section simulation in the fault is 120-150 mm; The height of the fault water-blocking key layer simulator is 60-100 mm.