One-device double-row adjustable seedbed sliding knife T-shaped furrow opener

Abstract

The utility model discloses a one-device double-row adjustable seedbed sliding knife T-shaped furrow opener, which relates to the technical field of crop seeding equipment, and adopts the technical scheme that the one-device double-row adjustable seedbed sliding knife T-shaped furrow opener comprises a compaction roller, an adjusting nut, a cross-shaped limiting pipe, a connecting rod, a limiting spring, a T-shaped limiting screw rod, a supporting square pipe, a supporting bottom plate and a furrow opening assembly. According to the utility model, ditching, seed throwing, soil returning, soil covering and pressing can be completed at a time, and two rows of seeds can be thrown at a time; the ditching assembly with the Y-shaped head is beneficial to sliding cutting ground breaking, and the power consumption of the seeder is reduced; the seeding line spacing and the seeding depth are adjustable, so that the consistency of the seeding depth is ensured, and the agricultural requirements of different seeds are met; when the device works under the condition of heavy and hardened soil with high water content, the operation effect is good; the parabola-shaped seeding pipe effectively improves the uniformity of plant spacing; when the forward speed of the seeder reaches a certain value, zero-speed seed charging can be realized; the device is simple in structure, convenient and fast to adjust, reliable in work, light in weight and convenient to hang on the combined seeder for use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of crop sowing equipment, and more specifically, to a one-device double-row adjustable seed bed sliding knife T-shaped furrow opener. Background Art

[0002] In some areas of southern China, agricultural production operations are generally carried out under conditions of high moisture content. After mechanized sowing operations are carried out to form ridges, it is necessary to open seed furrows on the seedbed to promote seed growth. Furthermore, clay particles account for a large proportion of some soils in southern cultivated land, and the soil properties vary greatly with the moisture content, resulting in many furrowing and ridging machines that can be used normally in northern regions being unable to be used for furrowing and ridging operations in the south. In recent years, mechanized sowing with seed drills has become a development trend in precision seeding technology. In precision sowing, the seed discharge link is completed by the seed diverter, and the seeding link is mainly completed by the furrow opener. For the seeding link, some manufacturers and scientific research institutions are focusing on the study of seed diverters. Therefore, this study can only improve the precision seeding performance of the seed drill, and does not solve the problems of precision sowing depth and post-sowing suppression. The seed implantation process is part of the sowing link, and the quality of its technology has a certain impact on the precision sowing technology. Excellent seed implantation technology can improve the uniformity of seed distribution, consistency of sowing depth and emergence rate in a poor seedbed environment.

[0003] Existing research on furrow openers is mostly suitable for working under conditions of good seed bed quality, while some small-size seed crops are more prone to rolling, bouncing, unqualified sowing depth and uneven soil covering. In sowing operations, the problem of seed placement is also critical, which affects the emergence rate and thus the yield, and is a key research issue for furrow openers. When the seeder is operating, each set of furrow openers is required to complete functions such as floating smoothly with the surface, opening seed furrows, sowing, covering soil, and pressing. Under conditions where precision sowing is required, existing furrow openers are difficult to meet certain production requirements. Summary of the invention

[0004] The utility model aims to solve the above problems and provides a one-device double-row adjustable seed bed sliding knife T-shaped furrow opener.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical purpose of the utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions: a one-device double-row adjustable seed bed slide T-type furrow opener, comprising two compaction rollers, two adjusting nuts, a cross limit tube, four connecting rods, two limit springs, a T-type limit screw, a supporting square tube, a supporting base plate and two furrowing assemblies, wherein the four connecting rods are symmetrically installed on both sides of the two compaction rollers through bolt groups, and the compaction rollers can rotate freely around the bolts; the two symmetrical ends of the T-type limit screw are movably passed through the middle of the two connecting rods, and the threaded end of the T-type limit screw is threadedly connected with the adjusting nut after passing through the limit spring and the cross limit tube; the two ends of the limit spring are respectively fixedly connected with the cross limit tube and the T-type limit screw; the supporting square tube is welded and fixed to the middle position of the top surface of the supporting base plate, and the supporting square tube is provided with a plurality of positioning holes along the height direction; the supporting base plate is provided with a plurality of waist-shaped holes, and the two furrowing assemblies are respectively fixed at the two ends of the bottom surface of the supporting base plate through the waist-shaped holes.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the trenching assembly is used to open the trench, sow seeds and cover the soil, and then the compaction roller is used to compact the soil in the seed trench; the compression degree of the limit spring is adjusted by adjusting the nut to limit the lowest position of the compaction roller, thereby changing the compaction degree of the soil in the seed trench.

[0007] The utility model is further configured as follows: the trenching assembly includes two fixed screws, a trenching knife, two trench expansion plates, two baffles, a sowing pipe, a hinged base and a soil covering tail ring, the two trench expansion plates are symmetrically welded to the opposite ends of the trenching knife blade, and the two baffles are symmetrically welded to the other ends of the two trench expansion plates; the two fixed screws and the sowing pipe are welded and fixed between the two baffles, and the two fixed screws are symmetrical about the sowing pipe; the hinged base is welded and fixed to the top surfaces of the two baffles away from one end of the trenching knife; the soil covering tail ring is welded and fixed to the hinged base away from one end of the trenching knife.

[0008] The utility model is further configured as follows: the angle between the two trench expansion plates is 30° to 45°, and the trenching blade edge curve is an exponential function curve, the starting sliding angle of the exponential function curve is 20° to 25°, the ending sliding angle is 30° to 55°, and the longitudinal dimension of the exponential function curve is 30 to 50 mm.

[0009] By adopting the above technical scheme, the fixed screw, trenching knife, trench expansion plate, baffle, seeding pipe, hinged base and soil covering tail ring are formed into a whole. By setting a specific structure, during the trenching operation, the trenching knife can cut the soil smoothly while reducing the soil resistance of the trenching assembly, and the soil moisture loss after the operation is small.

[0010] The utility model is further configured as follows: the sowing pipe is a parabolic curved structure.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the curved sowing tube can make the seeds fall along the curve, thereby improving the bounce and rolling of the seeds when they fall into the seed furrow.

[0012] The utility model is further configured as follows: the supporting square tube is connected to a sowing unit through a plurality of the positioning hole bolts, the sowing unit is sleeved with a cross beam, seed diverters are fixed to both sides of the sowing unit through bolt groups, and a seed drainage tube is connected between the seed outlet of the seed diverter and the seed inlet of the sowing tube by a clamp.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the furrow opener is hung on the combined seeder through the crossbeam to perform furrowing and soil division, sowing and seeding, soil backfilling and covering, and soil compaction and crushing operations.

[0014] In summary, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. The utility model can realize the precise seeding function of the seeder, can complete the functions of furrowing, seeding, soil returning, soil covering, pressing and the like at one time, and can seed two rows at a time, thereby improving the production efficiency of the seeder and saving time.

[0016] 2. Aiming at the problem that the sowing depth is difficult to control under different working conditions, the utility model designs a furrowing component. The head of the furrowing component is Y-shaped, and its structure has good mechanical properties, which is conducive to sliding and cutting the soil and reducing the power consumption of the seeder.

[0017] 3. The utility model adopts a symmetrical distribution form of short-distance ditching, soil covering and suppression combined functions to achieve uniform field distribution, and can realize variable adjustable sowing row spacing and quantitative adjustable sowing depth, ensuring consistency of sowing depth and meeting the agronomic requirements of different seeds.

[0018] 4. The utility model has good operating effect when working under the conditions of heavy and compacted soil with high water content, overcomes the phenomena of random rolling, bouncing, clogging and adhesion of seeds during the sowing process, improves the uniformity of plant spacing, and can achieve zero-speed sowing when the forward speed of the seeder reaches a certain value.

[0019] 5. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient and quick adjustment, reliable operation and light weight. It can be conveniently mounted on a combined seeder for use. It can be placed after rotary tillage and ridging to open seed furrows. It can also be used in conjunction with other no-till seeders to open seed furrows on uncultivated land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a furrow opener in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a furrowing assembly of a furrowing device in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a curve diagram of the trenching blade edge of the trenching device in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a side view force analysis diagram of the furrowing assembly of the furrowing device in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a top view force analysis diagram of the furrowing assembly of the furrowing device in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a diagram analyzing the movement of seeds in the seeding tube of the furrow opener in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of multiple furrow openers being hung on a crossbeam in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of AA in the embodiment of the utility model.

[0028] In the figure: 1. Compacting roller; 2. Adjusting nut; 3. Cross limit tube; 4. Connecting rod; 5. Limit spring; 6. T-type limit screw; 7. Support square tube; 71. Positioning hole; 8. Support bottom plate; 81. Waist-shaped hole; 9. Ditching assembly; 91. Fixing screw; 92. Ditching knife; 93. Ditch expansion plate; 94. Baffle; 95. Seeding tube; 96. Articulated base; 97. Covering tail ring; 10. Crossbeam; 11. Seeding unit; 12. Seed diversion; 13. Seed drainage tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the utility model, the technical solution of the utility model will be further described in detail below in combination with the embodiments and drawings of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0030] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0031] Example:

[0032] like Figures 1 to 8As shown, a one-device double-row adjustable seed bed sliding blade T-type furrow opener comprises two compacting rollers 1, two adjusting nuts 2, a cross limiting tube 3, four connecting rods 4, two limiting springs 5, a T-type limiting screw 6, a supporting square tube 7, a supporting bottom plate 8 and two furrowing components 9. The four connecting rods 4 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the two compacting rollers 1 in pairs through bolt groups, and the compacting rollers 1 can rotate freely around the bolts; the two symmetrical ends of the T-type limiting screw 6 are movably penetrated through the middle of the two connecting rods 4, and the threaded end of the T-type limiting screw 6 penetrates the limiting spring 5 and the cross limiting tube 3 and is threadedly connected with the adjusting nut 2, and the lowest position of the compacting roller 1 can be limited by the adjusting nut 2; the two ends of the limiting spring 5 are respectively connected to the cross limiting tube 3 and The T-shaped limit screw 6 is fixedly connected, and the limit spring 5 is in a compressed state with a certain elastic force, and the size of the elastic force is adjusted by the adjusting nut 2; the supporting square tube 7 is welded and fixed to the middle position of the top surface of the supporting bottom plate 8, and the supporting square tube 7 is provided with a plurality of positioning holes 71 along the height direction, and the supporting square tube 7 is bolted with a sowing unit 11 through the plurality of positioning holes 71, and the relative height of the supporting square tube 7 can be adjusted by correspondingly adjusting the different hole positions to adjust the sowing depth of the furrow opener; the supporting bottom plate 8 is provided with a plurality of waist-shaped holes 81, and the two furrowing assemblies 9 are respectively fixed to the two ends of the bottom surface of the supporting bottom plate 8 through the waist-shaped holes 81, and the distance between the two groups of furrowing assemblies 9 can be controlled by the relative positions of the waist-shaped holes 81 on the supporting bottom plate 8;

[0033] The trenching assembly 9 includes two fixed screws 91, a trenching knife 92, two trench expansion plates 93, two baffles 94, a sowing pipe 95, a hinged base 96 and a soil covering tail ring 97. The two trench expansion plates 93 are symmetrically welded to the opposite ends of the trenching knife 92 blade, and the two baffles 94 are symmetrically welded to the other ends of the two trench expansion plates 93; the two fixed screws 91 and the sowing pipe 95 are welded and fixed between the two baffles 94, and the two fixed screws 91 are symmetrical about the sowing pipe 95; the hinged base 96 is welded and fixed to the top surface of the two baffles 94 away from the end of the trenching knife 92; the soil covering tail ring 97 is welded and fixed to the end of the hinged base 96 away from the trenching knife 92;

[0034] The sowing unit 11 is sleeved with a crossbeam 10, and a seed diverter 12 is fixed on both sides of the sowing unit 11 by a bolt group, and a seed drainage pipe 13 is connected between the seed outlet of the seed diverter 12 and the seed inlet of the sowing pipe 95 by a clamp;

[0035] Combination Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the included angle 2β of the symmetrically arranged trench expansion plates 9393 is 30° to 45°, and the edge curve of the trenching knife 9292 is an exponential function curve, and the starting sliding angle γ of the exponential function curve A 20°~25°, end sliding angle γ BThe exponential function curve is 30° to 55°, the lateral dimension s of the exponential function curve is the horizontal length of the trenching knife 9292, and h is the height of the trenching knife 92. Both s and h are 30 to 50 mm, that is, the trenching knife 92 is processed according to the actual processing size, and its cutting edge curve is a curve in the form of an exponential function, which plays a role in cutting the soil and separating along both sides of the machine. According to the design principle of the trenching knife 92, the entry angle α of the trenching knife 92 is usually an obtuse angle. Due to the upward resistance of the soil, the trenching knife 92 is not easy to enter the soil. Under the action of its own gravity and additional weight, the trenching knife 92 can enter the soil to a certain depth. For the condition of good land preparation quality, fine and soft soil, the trenching knife 92 has better working performance. When working, the trenching knife 92 squeezes the soil to both sides and presses down to form a seed ditch. According to the analysis and design principles of the trenching blade 92, mainly focusing on the forward speed and trenching depth of the trenching assembly, three levels are selected to conduct dynamic simulation analysis on the influence of the angle of the trenching expansion plate 93 of the trenching assembly, the forward speed, the trenching depth and the resistance size on the soil covering depth. The simulation test factor levels are shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1 Simulation test factor level table

[0037]

[0038] According to the determined factor levels, the test plan and simulation test results are shown in Table 2.

[0039] Table 2 Experimental plan and results

[0040]

[0041] Table 3 Variance analysis of soil cover depth

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] The data in Table 3 were fitted with quadratic multiple regression, and the quadratic multiple regression equation of soil cover depth on coded independent variables was:

[0045]

[0046] Where: X 1 is the included angle of the expansion groove plate 93, (°); X 2 is the forward speed, m / s; X 3 is the trenching depth, mm; X 4 is the resistance size, N.

[0047] (1) Regression coefficient significance test. The items with P values ​​less than 0.05 in Table 3 are significant items, and the influencing factor X 1 , X2 , X 3 , X 1 X 2 , The influence on the cover depth is significant.

[0048] (2) Significance test of the regression equation: The F value of the regression equation is 19.41, and the regression equation is significant at a significance level of 0.001.

[0049] (3) Lack of fit test of regression model. The P value of the lack of fit item is 0.4895, which is obviously P>0.05. The regression equation has no lack of fit. The measured value of the cover depth model is close to the predicted value. The coefficient of determination and the corrected coefficient of determination are close to 1, indicating that the regression equation is accurate and effective. The precision value is 16.449>4, indicating that the regression equation has good prediction performance within the design domain. The order of significance of each influencing factor on the cover depth is from large to small: resistance size> 93 angle of the expansion plate> forward speed> trenching depth.

[0050] According to the test results, with the minimum cover depth as the constraint condition, the software concluded that the designed parameters can achieve good operating results.

[0051] Combination Figure 5 As shown, when the seeder sows at a certain operating speed, the seeds discharged by the seed diverter will fall into the seed furrow. Since the seeds move with the seeder and have a certain relative speed relative to the ground, this speed will cause the seeds to bounce or roll when they fall into the bottom of the seed furrow, resulting in uneven seed spacing. Therefore, a curved sowing tube 95 is designed to make the seeds fall along the curve, constrain the direction of seed movement, and make them have a backward relative speed relative to the furrowing knife 92 when leaving the lower end of the sowing tube 95. This can improve the bounce and rolling of the seeds when they fall into the seed furrow. The movement of the seeds in the sowing tube 95 can be divided into a straight line movement in the upper section and a curved movement in the lower section. The straight line movement and the initial velocity v of the seeds falling into the sowing tube 95 are 0 Dependent on the inclination angle, the initial velocity v of the seed 0 The motion equation of the seed in the straight line portion of the sowing tube 95 can be expressed by the following formula:

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] Where: D is the diameter of the seeding disc of the seed diverter, D = 140 mm; Z is the number of holes in the seeding disc, Z = 40; F is the seeding frequency, s -1 ;v T is the forward speed of the seeder, m / s; δ is the slip rate of the walking wheel, δ = 8%; S is the plant spacing, mm; m is the mass of the seeds; v 0 is the initial velocity of the seed, m / s; α0 is the 95 degree straight line inclination angle of the sowing tube, °; f 1 is the friction coefficient between the seed and the sowing tube 95, f 1 =0.4.

[0055] Solving the equation gives

[0056] v 0 =gt(sinα 0 -f 1 cosα 0 )+v w (7)

[0057] According to experiments, the curved portion of the sowing tube 95 is a parabola, and its general equation is:

[0058] Y=aX 2 +bX+c (8)

[0059] Substituting the test data into the above equation, solving the equation, we get a=-0.01, b=2.7, c=0, then the equation of the curve is:

[0060] Y=-0.01X 2 +2.7X (9)

[0061] According to the force applied to the seed in the sowing tube 95, the motion of the curved portion can be approximately regarded as the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] Solving the equation gives

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] Where: K is the correction coefficient, K = 1.2; v s =v cosα 0 Its horizontal velocity.

[0067] The analysis shows that the seed movement speed is related to the initial velocity of the seed to the curve segment, the curvature of the surface and the end angle α 1 And the friction coefficient between the seed and the sowing tube 95. The friction coefficient f 1 The larger the value, the greater the resistance to the movement of the seed on the surface. s The smaller the 1 The smaller the angle, that is, the closer the end of the sowing tube 95 is to the horizontal, the smaller the angle, sThe larger the vertical drop speed, the smaller the vertical drop speed, which is beneficial to reduce the bounce and rolling of seeds when they land. Now assume that the forward speed of the seeder is 0.62m / s and the plant spacing is 250mm. It is calculated that the horizontal speed of the seeds when they leave the end of the sowing tube 95 is 0.03m / s, which means that the seeding speed is close to zero. According to the test, when the seeder speed is 0.54m / s, the horizontal speed of the seeds when they leave the end of the sowing tube 95 is 0.02m / s. The plant spacing after the sowing test is qualified, and the coefficient of variation of the plant spacing is 14.77%, which has good performance.

[0068] Working principle: Before operation, according to the sowing row spacing and number of rows in the agronomic requirements, the corresponding number of sowing units 11 are installed on the crossbeam, and the seed diverter 12 is fixed on the sowing unit 11 through a bolt group; the supporting square tube 7 is fixed on the sowing unit 11 through a bolt group, and the two ends of the seed drainage tube 13 are connected to the seed outlet of the seed diverter 12 and the seed inlet of the sowing tube 95 through a clamp; adjust the distance and sowing depth between the two sets of furrowing components 9 at the bottom. When working, the furrowing knife 92 first contacts the soil, and the soil is opened into the seed furrow by the furrowing knife 92, two furrow expansion plates 93 and two baffles 94 in turn. Then the soil covering tail ring 97 pushes the broken part of the soil into the seed furrow, and finally the compaction roller 1 compacts the loose soil in the seed furrow. During the movement of the seeder, when the surface is uneven, the furrowing component 9 can float up and down with the sowing unit 11, and its furrowing depth will change.

[0069] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the present embodiment as needed, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A one-device, two-row, adjustable seedbed sliding blade T-type furrow opener, characterized by: The invention comprises two compacting rollers (1), two adjusting nuts (2), a cross limiting tube (3), four connecting rods (4), two limiting springs (5), a T-shaped limiting screw (6), a supporting square tube (7), a supporting bottom plate (8) and two ditching components (9). The four connecting rods (4) are symmetrically installed on both sides of the two compacting rollers (1) through bolt groups, and the compacting rollers (1) can rotate freely around the bolts; the two symmetrical ends of the T-shaped limiting screw (6) are movably inserted into the middle of the two connecting rods (4), and the threaded end of the T-shaped limiting screw (6) is inserted into the limiting spring. The spring (5) and the cross limit tube (3) are rear-threadedly connected with the adjusting nut (2); the two ends of the limit spring (5) are respectively fixedly connected with the cross limit tube (3) and the T-shaped limit screw (6); the supporting square tube (7) is welded and fixed to the middle position of the top surface of the supporting bottom plate (8), and the supporting square tube (7) is provided with a plurality of positioning holes (71) along the height direction; the supporting bottom plate (8) is provided with a plurality of waist-shaped holes (81), and the two ditching components (9) are respectively fixed to the two ends of the bottom surface of the supporting bottom plate (8) through the waist-shaped holes (81).

2. The one-device, two-row, adjustable seedbed sliding blade T-type furrow opener according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trenching assembly (9) comprises two fixed screws (91), a trenching knife (92), two trench expansion plates (93), two baffles (94), a sowing pipe (95), a hinged base (96) and a soil covering tail ring (97). The two trench expansion plates (93) are symmetrically welded to the opposite ends of the trenching knife (92) edge, and the two baffles (94) are symmetrically welded to the other ends of the two trench expansion plates (93). The two fixed screws (91) and the sowing pipe (95) are welded and fixed between the two baffles (94), and the two fixed screws (91) are symmetrical about the sowing pipe (95). The hinged base (96) is welded and fixed to the top surface of the two baffles (94) at one end away from the trenching knife (92); and the soil covering tail ring (97) is welded and fixed to the hinged base (96) at one end away from the trenching knife (92).

3. The one-device, two-row, adjustable seedbed sliding blade T-type furrow opener according to claim 2, characterized in that: The included angle between the two trench expansion plates (93) is 30° to 45°, and the cutting edge curve of the trenching knife (92) is an exponential function curve, the starting sliding angle of the exponential function curve is 20° to 25°, the ending sliding angle is 30° to 55°, and the longitudinal dimension of the exponential function curve is 30 to 50 mm.

4. The one-device, two-row, adjustable seedbed sliding blade T-type furrow opener according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sowing pipe (95) is a parabolic curved structure.

5. The one-device, two-row, adjustable seedbed sliding blade T-type furrow opener according to claim 2, characterized in that: The supporting square tube (7) is bolted to a sowing unit (11) through a plurality of positioning holes (71); the sowing unit (11) is sleeved with a crossbeam (10); a seed diverter (12) is fixed to both sides of the sowing unit (11) through a bolt group; a seed drainage pipe (13) is connected between the seed outlet of the seed diverter (12) and the seed inlet of the sowing pipe (95) by a clamp.

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