A tunnel one-way exit support system
By adopting a special-shaped ‘shield shell’ single-leg arch support system during the one-way tunnel exit process, the problems of hole collapse and deformation caused by the one-way tunnel exit of the tunnel are solved, the stability and safety of the structure are achieved, and the natural environment is protected.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421306338.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-07
AI Technical Summary
The tunnel is prone to collapse and deformation during the one-way exit of the tunnel. The existing support system causes disturbances to the natural slopes, causing geological disasters, and causing damage to the environment.
A special-shaped ‘shield shell’ type single-leg arch guard support system is adopted, including arch guard, initial support, lining and advanced support. The arch guard consists of a steel arch frame, connecting bars and steel mesh, which is arranged by step-by-step propulsion, and the concrete is sprayed under the protection of the outer formwork.
The stability and safety of the structure when the tunnel is out of the tunnel in one-way direction is achieved, the native vegetation on the slope of the entrance is protected, the collapse and deformation of the entrance is avoided, the risk of geological disasters is reduced, and the damage to the environment is reduced.
Smart Images
Figure CN222701988U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a one-way tunnel exit support system. Background Art
[0002] Due to the limitation of terrain conditions, some tunnel openings cannot be directly entered, and one-way excavation and reverse exit are required; or for economic benefits, one-way excavation is used for medium and short tunnels or some long tunnels. At this time, the technical problem that needs to be overcome is how to exit the tunnel safely and quickly. Since the exit location often presents uneven terrain conditions, there are certain risks in the one-way exit process. If the support system is unreasonable, it is easy to cause quality and safety accidents such as cave collapse and deformation.
[0003] The existing one-way tunnel exit support system generally adopts the methods of tunnel exit, slope flushing, anchor spraying and open tunnel in sequence, which disturbs the natural slope and breaks the original force balance, often inducing geological disasters such as roof fall and collapse. The difficulty of treatment and engineering cost should not be underestimated, and it also causes damage to the natural environment. In view of this, it is necessary to develop a special-shaped "shield" single-leg arch support system suitable for one-way tunnel exit to ensure smooth tunnel exit and ensure structural stability and construction safety. Utility Model Content
[0004] The embodiment of the present application solves the problem in the prior art that one-way tunnel exit easily causes tunnel entrance collapse and deformation by providing a one-way tunnel exit support system, thereby achieving structural stability and safety during one-way tunnel exit and protecting native vegetation on the back slope beside the tunnel entrance.
[0005] The embodiment of the utility model provides a one-way tunnel exit support system, including a protective arch, an initial support, a lining and an advance support; the initial support includes an initial support for a dark tunnel section and an initial support for an outcrop section; a "small incision" outcrop is formed after the tunnel structure section is excavated, and the protective arch is arranged on the outside of the "small incision" outcrop; one end of the advance support is arranged on the initial support for the dark tunnel section, and the other end of the advance support extends outside the tunnel, and the advance support is configured to support a mountain; the protective arch is arranged below the advance support; one end of the protective arch is supported on the mountain, and the other end of the protective arch is rooted at the arch foot; the initial support for the outcrop section and the lining are arranged on the inner side of the protective arch.
[0006] In a possible implementation, the arch protection includes a steel arch frame, connecting bars and a steel mesh; the steel arch frame is arranged below the advance support, one end of the steel arch frame is supported on the mountain, and the other end of the steel arch frame is rooted at the arch foot; after the steel arch frame, the connecting bars and the steel mesh are connected, they are arranged in a frame-by-frame manner, wherein the connecting bars and the steel mesh are connected between one steel arch frame and another steel arch frame; the steel arch frame, the connecting bars and the steel mesh arranged in a frame-by-frame manner are all arranged on the outside of the "small incision" outcrop; the initial support of the outcrop section and the lining are arranged on the inside of the steel arch frame.
[0007] In a possible implementation, the arch guard also includes concrete; the concrete is sprayed on a side of the steel arch frame close to the initial support of the outcrop section; and the concrete is configured to fill a gap between one of the steel arch frames and another of the steel arch frames.
[0008] In a possible implementation, it further includes an outer formwork; the outer formwork is detachably connected to a side of the steel arch away from the initial support of the exposed section, and the outer formwork is configured to provide protection when the concrete is sprayed.
[0009] In a possible implementation, after the concrete has initially set, the outer formwork is removed, and the shape of the arch guard remains consistent with the shape of the "small incision" outcrop.
[0010] One or more technical solutions provided by this application have at least the following technical effects:
[0011] The embodiment of the utility model adopts a protective arch, an initial support, a lining, an advance support and a mountain; the initial support includes an initial support for a dark hole section and an initial support for an outcrop section; a "small incision" outcrop is formed after the tunnel structure section is excavated, and the protective arch is arranged on the outside of the "small incision" outcrop; one end of the advance support is arranged on the initial support of the dark hole section, and the other end of the advance support extends to the outside of the tunnel, and the advance support is configured to support the mountain; the advance support is supported by the initial support in the tunnel and extends in the direction outside the tunnel. For the "small incision" outcrop formed after the tunnel structure section is excavated, the advance support can support the mountain and provide protection for the setting of the protective arch; the protective arch is arranged below the advance support; one end of the protective arch is supported on the mountain, and the other end of the protective arch is rooted at the arch foot, and the appearance is "single-legged"; the initial support of the outcrop section and the lining are arranged on the inner side of the protective arch. Under the protection of advance support, for the "small incision" outcrop formed after the tunnel structure section is excavated, a protective arch is set under the advance support to form an arch support system, which can provide a reaction force balance for the "small incision" outcrop formed after the tunnel structure section is excavated, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the tunnel entrance structure. This application solves the problem in the prior art that one-way tunnel exit is prone to cause cave entrance collapse and deformation, realizes the stability and safety of the tunnel structure when the tunnel exits in one direction, and also protects the native vegetation on the upslope beside the tunnel entrance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the utility model will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a one-way tunnel exit support system provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0014] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the arch guard and outer formwork provided in an embodiment of the present application.
[0015] Icons: 1-arch protection; 11-steel arch frame; 12-connecting reinforcement; 13-steel mesh; 14-concrete; 2-initial support; 21-initial support of blind hole section; 22-initial support of outcrop section; 3-lining; 4-advance support; 5-mountain; 6-external formwork. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.
[0017] In the description of the embodiments of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present utility model. The terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0018] The utility model provides a one-way tunnel exit support system, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a protective arch 1, an initial support 2, a lining 3 and an advance support 4; the initial support 2 includes an initial support 21 for the dark tunnel section and an initial support 22 for the outcrop section; a "small incision" outcrop is formed after the tunnel structure section is excavated, and the protective arch 1 is arranged on the outside of the "small incision" outcrop; one end of the advance support 4 is arranged on the initial support 21 for the dark tunnel section, and the other end of the advance support 4 extends to the outside of the tunnel, and the advance support 4 is configured to support the mountain 5; a protective arch 1 is arranged below the advance support 4; one end of the protective arch 1 is supported on the mountain 5, and the other end of the protective arch 1 is rooted at the arch foot; the outcrop section initial support 22 and the lining 3 are arranged on the inner side of the protective arch 1.
[0019] Exemplarily, the advance support 4 is supported by the initial support 21 of the dark tunnel section and extends toward the outside of the tunnel. For the "small incision" outcrop formed after the tunnel structure section is excavated, the advance support 4 can support the mountain 5 and can also provide protection for the guard arch 1. The guard arch 1 is set under the advance support 4, and one end of the guard arch 1 is supported on the mountain 5, and the other end of the guard arch 1 is rooted at the arch foot. The shape of the guard arch is "single-legged", and a support system for the guard arch 1 can be formed. The support system can provide a reaction force balance for the "small incision" outcrop formed after the tunnel structure section is excavated, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the tunnel entrance structure.
[0020] Exemplarily, after the upper tunnel structure section is excavated, a "small incision" outcrop is formed. One end of the advance support 4 is connected to the initial support 21 of the dark tunnel section, and the other end extends outside the tunnel. The advance support 4 can support the mountain 5 and also provide protection for the guard arch 1. One end of the guard arch 1 is supported on the mountain 5, and the other end is rooted in the arch foot, so as to form a single-leg guard arch 1 support system. Moreover, since the shape of the "small incision" outcrop is irregular, the shape of the guard arch 1 is also irregular, that is, the support system of the present application is a special-shaped "shield shell" type single-leg guard arch 1 support system. The support system provides a reaction force balance for the "small incision" outcrop formed after the tunnel is excavated, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the tunnel entrance structure and protecting the native vegetation on the upslope beside the tunnel entrance.
[0021] In the present application embodiment, Figure 1-2 As shown, the arch guard 1 includes a steel arch frame 11, connecting bars 12 and a steel mesh 13; the steel arch frame 11 is arranged below the advance support 4, one end of the steel arch frame 11 is supported on the mountain 5, and the other end of the steel arch frame 11 is rooted at the arch foot; the steel arch frame 11, the connecting bars 12 and the steel mesh 13 are connected and arranged in a frame-by-frame manner, wherein connecting bars 12 and the steel mesh 13 are connected between one steel arch frame 11 and another steel arch frame 11; the steel arch frame 11, the connecting bars 12 and the steel mesh 13 arranged in a frame-by-frame manner are all arranged on the outside of the "small incision" outcrop; the outcrop section initial support 22 and the lining 3 are arranged on the inside of the steel arch frame 11.
[0022] Exemplarily, the connecting reinforcement 12 adopts longitudinal connecting reinforcement, and the steel arch frame 11, the longitudinal connecting reinforcement and the steel mesh 13 are the smallest unit for arranging the arch guard 1. One end of a part of the steel arch frame 11 is connected to the mountain 5, and then extended to the outside of the cave by a frame-by-frame arrangement, so as to form a force-bearing frame of the arch guard 1 of the steel arch frame 11, the steel mesh 13 and the longitudinal connecting reinforcement. Since the shape of the "small incision" outcrop is irregular, the shape of the force frame is also irregular; the force-bearing frame of the arch guard 1 of the steel arch frame 11, the steel mesh 13 and the longitudinal connecting reinforcement formed by a frame-by-frame arrangement can provide a reaction force balance for the "small incision" outcrop formed after the cave is excavated, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the cave entrance structure, and also protecting the native vegetation on the upslope beside the cave entrance.
[0023] In the present application embodiment, Figure 1-2 As shown, the arch guard 1 also includes concrete 14; the concrete 14 is sprayed on one side of the steel arch frame 11 close to the initial support 22 of the outcrop section; and the concrete 14 is configured to fill the gap between one steel arch frame 11 and another steel arch frame 11.
[0024] In the present application embodiment, Figure 1-2 As shown, it also includes an outer template 6; the outer template 6 is arranged on the outside of the "small incision" outcrop; the side of the steel arch frame 11 away from the initial support 22 of the outcrop section is detachably connected to the outer template 6.
[0025] Exemplarily, under the support of the outer formwork 6, the arch guard 1 force-bearing frame of the steel arch frame 11, the steel mesh and the connecting bars 12 formed by the frame-by-frame advancement method can be poured with sprayed concrete 14; when the sprayed concrete 14 is initially set, the outer formwork can be removed.
[0026] In the present application embodiment, Figure 1-2 As shown, after the concrete 14 has initially set, the outer formwork 6 is removed, and the shape of the arch 1 remains consistent with the shape of the "small incision" outcrop.
[0027] Exemplarily, one end of the formed arch protection system 1 is supported on the mountain 5, and the other end is rooted at the arch foot, and its appearance is "single-legged"; since the shape of the "small incision" outcrop is irregular, the shape of the arch protection 1 is irregular, so that the support system of the present application is a special-shaped "shield" type single-leg arch protection support system, which provides a reaction force balance for the "small incision" outcrop formed after the cave is excavated, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the cave entrance structure, and also protecting the native vegetation on the upslope beside the cave entrance.
[0028] For example, for a two-lane highway tunnel project, a one-way exit construction plan is adopted. Since the terrain outside the tunnel is uneven and there is a partial covering layer, if the traditional support system is used for construction, it is easy to induce geological diseases such as roof fall and collapse.
[0029] Therefore, the embodiment of the utility model provides a one-way tunnel exit support system, and its construction process is as follows:
[0030] The first step is to implement double row support in the tunnel near the exit (i.e. the initial support 21 of the dark tunnel section). The first step is to provide advance support 4 for the small conduit, and select the "concave" side outside the cave as the first exit position; the second step is to form the "small incision" outcrop without slope digging for the time being, and adopt the design parameters of Ⅰ20a steel arch frame 11, Ф8mm steel mesh 200×200mm and Ф22mm longitudinal connecting reinforcement, adopt the steel arch frame 11 with a spacing of 50cm, and adopt the method of advancing one frame at a time to form the arch guard 1 load frame; the third step is to use a steel mold with a height of 50cm to make an outer template 6, and under the protection of the outer template 6, C25 shotcrete 14 is poured on the arch guard 1 load frame; the fourth step is to remove the outer template 6 after the concrete 14 has initially set, and the special-shaped "shield shell" single-leg arch guard 1 support system of the present application is formed, which provides a reaction force balance for the "small incision" outcrop formed after the cave is excavated, ensures the stability and safety of the cave entrance structure, and also protects the native vegetation on the back slope beside the cave entrance, with excellent economic and social benefits.
[0031] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.
[0032] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present application.
Claims
1. A tunnel one-way exit support system, characterized in that: It includes arch protection (1), initial support (2), lining (3) and advanced support (4); The initial support (2) includes a dark cave section initial support (21) and an outcrop section initial support (22); After the tunnel structure section is excavated, a "small incision" outcrop is formed, and the protective arch (1) is arranged on the outside of the "small incision" outcrop; One end of the advance support (4) is arranged on the initial support (21) of the dark cave section, and the other end of the advance support (4) extends outside the cave. The advance support (4) is configured to support the mountain (5); The protective arch (1) is arranged below the advanced support (4); One end of the protective arch (1) is supported on the mountain (5), and the other end of the protective arch (1) is rooted at the arch foot; The inner side of the protective arch (1) is provided with the outcrop section initial support (22) and the lining (3).
2. The one-way tunnel exit support system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The arch protection (1) comprises a steel arch frame (11), connecting ribs (12) and a steel mesh (13); The steel arch frame (11) is arranged below the advance support (4), one end of the steel arch frame (11) is supported on the mountain (5), and the other end of the steel arch frame (11) is rooted at the arch foot; After the steel arch frame (11), the connecting ribs (12) and the steel mesh (13) are connected, they are arranged one by one, wherein the connecting ribs (12) and the steel mesh (13) are connected between one steel arch frame (11) and another steel arch frame (11); The steel arch frame (11), the connecting ribs (12) and the steel mesh (13) arranged in a frame-by-frame advancement manner are all arranged on the outside of the "small incision" outcrop; The outcrop section initial support (22) and the lining (3) are arranged on the inner side of the steel arch frame (11).
3. The one-way tunnel exit support system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The protective arch (1) also includes concrete (14); The concrete (14) is sprayed on one side of the steel arch frame (11) close to the initial support (22) of the outcrop section; the concrete (14) is configured to fill the gap between one steel arch frame (11) and another steel arch frame (11).
4. The one-way tunnel exit support system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Also includes an outer template (6); The outer formwork (6) is detachably connected to a side of the steel arch frame (11) away from the primary support (22) of the exposed section, and the outer formwork (6) is configured to provide protection when the concrete (14) is sprayed.
5. The one-way tunnel exit support system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When the concrete (14) is initially set, the outer formwork (6) is removed, and the shape of the arch guard (1) is consistent with the shape of the "small incision" exposed head.