Swirl nozzle and engine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a swirl nozzle and an engine, belonging to the technical field of engines; wherein the swirl nozzle comprises a nozzle sleeve and a swirl core installed inside the nozzle sleeve; a spiral flow channel is provided between the upper part of the nozzle sleeve and the swirl core, used to make the liquid entering from the top of the swirl nozzle generate angular velocity after flowing through the spiral flow channel; a first annular flow channel with a gradually decreasing cross-sectional area from top to bottom is provided between the middle part of the nozzle sleeve and the swirl core, so as to further increase the angular velocity of the liquid; an outlet is provided at the lower part of the nozzle sleeve, the outlet is a truncated cone with an opening downward, and a second annular flow channel with a gradually increasing cross-sectional area from top to bottom is formed between the outlet and the swirl core. The utility model provides a swirl nozzle and an engine, through the design of the spiral flow channel and the annular flow channel, the swirl nozzle can achieve efficient atomization of liquid at a relatively low pressure, and significantly improve the ability of dispersing liquid into tiny droplets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of engines, and more specifically to a swirl nozzle and an engine. Background Art

[0002] Swirl nozzles, also known as centrifugal nozzles, are widely used in the engine field, especially in aircraft engines and gas turbines. This type of nozzle relies on the high-speed rotation of the fuel in the swirl chamber for atomization. The fuel enters the swirl chamber through specific tangential holes or spiral grooves under the action of pressure. The main advantage of this type of nozzle is that it achieves high-speed rotation of the fuel by mechanical means, thereby enhancing the atomization effect. Its low energy consumption and reliable operation have made it widely used.

[0003] Although centrifugal nozzles excel in many aspects, they still have some limitations, especially in the atomization effect under low-pressure environments. Traditional centrifugal nozzles rely on relatively high oil pressure to ensure the rotation speed and atomization quality of the fuel. When encountering low oil pressure operating conditions, these nozzles often cannot provide ideal atomization effects. In addition, the traditional swirl structure also limits the adaptability of the nozzle. For specific operating conditions, such as low-speed environments, it is difficult to achieve the optimal injection and mixing effects.

[0004] To meet these challenges, further innovation is needed in existing technologies to improve the performance of centrifugal nozzles under various operating conditions, especially in low-pressure environments. Developing a centrifugal nozzle that can work effectively under a wider range of operating pressures while providing excellent atomization performance is critical to improving fuel efficiency and reducing emissions. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model provides a swirl nozzle and an engine to improve the atomization effect in a low-pressure environment.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the utility model is as follows:

[0007] A swirl nozzle, comprising a nozzle sleeve and a swirl core installed inside the nozzle sleeve;

[0008] A spiral flow channel is provided between the upper portion of the nozzle sleeve and the swirl core, for causing the liquid entering from the top of the swirl nozzle to generate an angular velocity after flowing through the spiral flow channel;

[0009] A first annular flow channel with a cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from top to bottom is provided between the middle portion of the nozzle sleeve and the swirl core to further increase the angular velocity of the liquid;

[0010] The lower part of the nozzle sleeve is provided with an outlet, which is in the shape of a truncated cone opening downward, and forms a second annular flow channel with a cross-sectional area gradually increasing from top to bottom between the outlet and the swirl core.

[0011] The above technical solution provides a swirl nozzle, which realizes advanced liquid atomization technology through a specific internal flow channel design. The swirl nozzle increases the angular velocity of the liquid through the spiral flow channel and the annular flow channel, so that the liquid can be effectively atomized even under low pressure. Specifically, the liquid flows in from the top of the swirl nozzle, generates an angular velocity after passing through the spiral flow channel, and the angular velocity of the liquid further increases in the gradually decreasing first annular flow channel, and finally sprays out and atomizes through the bottom of the swirl nozzle. Compared with a small hole nozzle that directly sprays the liquid, this swirl nozzle can have a better atomization effect under low pressure. This design is particularly suitable for occasions such as fuel injection that require a fine and uniform atomization effect.

[0012] Further, the swirl core includes a first structure, a second structure and a third structure arranged in sequence from top to bottom;

[0013] The nozzle sleeve has a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity that are connected to each other arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The outlet is located below the third cavity and is connected to the third cavity.

[0014] Furthermore, the first structure is cylindrical, the second structure is truncated cone, and the third structure is cylindrical.

[0015] Furthermore, at least one first spiral groove is provided on the outer wall of the first structure, or at least one second spiral groove is provided on the inner wall of the first cavity, so that the upper part of the nozzle sleeve cooperates with the swirl core to form a spiral flow channel.

[0016] Furthermore, for applications that require finer atomization, the geometric parameters of the spiral flow channel and the annular flow channel can be optimized, such as increasing the number of windings of the spiral coil, adjusting the scaling of the annular flow channel, etc., so as to increase the liquid rotation speed and atomization fineness. At the same time, combined with the progress of material science and surface treatment technology, the nanoscale microstructure design of the inner surface of the nozzle can further reduce fluid resistance and improve atomization efficiency.

[0017] Furthermore, the first cavity is cylindrical, the second cavity is a truncated cone with the same opening direction as the second structure, and the third cavity is cylindrical.

[0018] Furthermore, the lower cylinder of the swirl core is inserted into the bottom cylinder of the nozzle sleeve and the truncated cone with an opening facing downward, forming a gradually increasing annular flow channel.

[0019] Furthermore, the second annular flow channel is formed by the cooperation of the third structure and the outlet.

[0020] Furthermore, the first structure, the second structure and the third structure are an integrated structure.

[0021] Furthermore, in order to optimize the liquid atomization quality, the nozzle sleeve and swirl core are made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant alloy materials to ensure that their structural stability and service life can be maintained in an environment with high-speed liquid flushing and chemical property changes. At the same time, the inner surface of the flow channel is specially processed, finely polished or coated with a special coating to reduce the friction between the liquid and the surface, further improving the atomization effect. In addition, the flow channel design is optimized through computational fluid dynamics simulation to ensure that the flow state of the liquid in the nozzle is optimal.

[0022] The above technical solution further optimizes the internal structure of the swirl nozzle, making the rotation acceleration and spray angle of the liquid more controllable, and the segmented design of the swirl core can achieve more efficient liquid atomization and spray uniformity. Specifically, the lower cylinder of the swirl core can further increase the angular velocity of the liquid in the annular flow channel. The truncated cone shape with a downward opening at the bottom of the nozzle sleeve can adjust the angle of the liquid after it is sprayed out, and the liquid is more evenly mixed with the gas at the bottom of the swirl nozzle after it is sprayed out.

[0023] Furthermore, the cross-section of the spiral flow channel is any one of a rectangle, a trapezoid, and a triangle.

[0024] Furthermore, the wall surface of the spiral flow channel is provided with grooves and / or protrusions for enhancing the friction between the liquid and the wall surface, thereby improving the rotation efficiency and atomization effect.

[0025] The above technical solutions introduce spiral flow channels with different cross-sectional shapes and concave-convex designs on the flow channel wall, aiming to enhance the interaction between the liquid and the wall, thereby improving the fluid rotation efficiency and atomization quality. This design achieves significant optimization of the atomization effect by adjusting the fluid mechanics behavior at the microscopic level.

[0026] An engine, comprising the aforementioned swirl nozzle. The optimized swirl nozzle is applied to the engine, which can improve fuel combustion efficiency and reduce emissions. This design ensures that the fuel is fully and evenly mixed in the combustion chamber by finely controlling the atomization process of the fuel, thereby optimizing the combustion effect.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution of the utility model are:

[0028] 1. Through the design of spiral flow channel and annular flow channel, the swirl nozzle of the utility model can achieve efficient atomization of liquid at a relatively low pressure, significantly improving the ability of liquid to be dispersed into tiny droplets, which has significant practical value for application scenarios requiring fine atomization;

[0029] Second, through the segmented design of the swirl core and the fine control of the internal structure of the nozzle sleeve, the utility model optimizes the dynamic behavior of the fluid in the nozzle and realizes efficient management and control of the liquid flow; such a design helps to improve the uniformity and atomization efficiency of the sprayed liquid and reduce energy consumption;

[0030] 3. The spiral flow channels with different cross-sectional shapes and the concave-convex design of the flow channel wall enable the swirl nozzle of the utility model to change the atomization characteristics of the liquid through structural adjustment according to different application requirements. This design increases the flexibility of use and wide applicability;

[0031] Fourth, applying the swirl nozzle of the utility model to the engine can help improve combustion efficiency, reduce fuel consumption and harmful emissions by optimizing the atomization and mixing process of the fuel, which is of great significance to improving energy utilization efficiency and reducing environmental pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the swirl nozzle of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 2 For this utility model Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle nozzle sleeve;

[0035] Figure 3 For this utility model Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle cyclone core;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a first spiral groove provided on the outer wall of the swirl core;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the inner wall of the nozzle sleeve is provided with a second spiral groove;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the swirl nozzle of the utility model;

[0039] Description of the markings in the figure:

[0040] 1. swirl core; 101. first structure; 1011. first spiral groove; 102. second structure; 103. third structure;

[0041] 2. Nozzle sleeve; 201. First cavity; 2011. Second spiral groove; 202. Second cavity; 203. Third cavity; 204. Exit;

[0042] 3. Spiral flow channel; 4. First annular flow channel; 5. Second annular flow channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the utility model, the technical solution of the utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0044] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First", "second", etc. do not indicate the importance of the components, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present utility model. The specific dimensions used in the embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution, and do not limit the scope of protection of the present utility model. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0045] Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "install", "set", "connect", "fix" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances. Example 1

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the utility model provides a technical solution:

[0047] A swirl nozzle, comprising a nozzle sleeve 2 and a swirl core 1 installed inside the nozzle sleeve 2;

[0048] A spiral flow channel 3 is provided between the upper portion of the nozzle sleeve 2 and the swirl core 1, for causing the liquid entering from the top of the swirl nozzle to generate an angular velocity after flowing through the spiral flow channel 3;

[0049] A first annular flow channel 4 whose cross-sectional area gradually decreases from top to bottom is provided between the middle of the nozzle sleeve 2 and the swirl core 1 to further increase the angular velocity of the liquid;

[0050] The lower part of the nozzle sleeve 2 is provided with an outlet 204 , which is in the shape of a truncated cone opening downward, and forms a second annular flow channel 5 with a cross-sectional area gradually increasing from top to bottom between the outlet 204 and the swirl core 1 .

[0051] The present embodiment provides a swirl nozzle, which realizes advanced atomization technology of liquid through a specific internal flow channel design. The swirl nozzle increases the angular velocity of the liquid through the spiral flow channel 3 and the annular flow channel, so that the liquid can be effectively atomized even under low pressure. Specifically, the liquid flows in from the top of the swirl nozzle, generates an angular velocity after passing through the spiral flow channel 3, and the angular velocity of the liquid further increases in the gradually decreasing first annular flow channel 4, and finally sprays out and atomizes through the bottom of the swirl nozzle. Compared with a small hole nozzle that directly sprays liquid, this swirl nozzle can have a better atomization effect under low pressure. This design is particularly suitable for occasions such as fuel injection that require a fine and uniform atomization effect. Example 2

[0052] Based on Example 1, Figure 2-6 The cyclone core 1 includes a first structure 101, a second structure 102 and a third structure 103 arranged sequentially from top to bottom;

[0053] The nozzle sleeve 2 is provided with a first cavity 201 , a second cavity 202 and a third cavity 203 which are connected to each other in sequence from top to bottom. The outlet 204 is located below the third cavity 203 and is connected to the third cavity 203 .

[0054] Furthermore, the first structure 101 is cylindrical, the second structure 102 is truncated cone, and the third structure 103 is cylindrical.

[0055] Further, refer to Figure 4 , at least one first spiral groove 1011 is provided on the outer wall of the first structure 101, or, referring to Figure 5 At least one second spiral groove 2011 is provided on the inner wall of the first cavity 201, which is used to form a spiral flow channel 3 between the upper part of the nozzle sleeve 2 and the swirl core 1.

[0056] Furthermore, for applications that require finer atomization, the geometric parameters of the spiral flow channel 3 and the annular flow channel can be optimized, such as increasing the number of windings of the spiral coil, adjusting the scaling ratio of the annular flow channel, etc., so as to increase the rotation speed of the liquid and the fineness of atomization. At the same time, combined with the progress of material science and surface treatment technology, the nanoscale microstructure design of the inner surface of the nozzle can further reduce the fluid resistance and improve the atomization efficiency.

[0057] Furthermore, the first cavity 201 is cylindrical, the second cavity 202 is a truncated cone with the same opening direction as the second structure 102, and the third cavity 203 is cylindrical.

[0058] Furthermore, the lower cylinder of the swirl core 1 is inserted into the bottom cylinder of the nozzle sleeve 2 and the truncated cone with an opening facing downward, forming a gradually increasing annular flow channel.

[0059] Furthermore, the second annular flow channel 5 is formed by the cooperation of the third structure 103 and the outlet 204 .

[0060] Furthermore, the first structure 101, the second structure 102 and the third structure 103 are an integrated structure.

[0061] Furthermore, in order to optimize the liquid atomization quality, the nozzle sleeve and swirl core are made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant alloy materials to ensure that their structural stability and service life can be maintained in an environment with high-speed liquid flushing and chemical property changes. At the same time, the inner surface of the flow channel is specially processed, finely polished or coated with a special coating to reduce the friction between the liquid and the surface, further improving the atomization effect. In addition, the flow channel design is optimized through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to ensure that the flow state of the liquid in the nozzle is optimal.

[0062] This embodiment further optimizes the internal structure of the swirl nozzle on the basis of embodiment 1, so that the rotation acceleration and spray angle of the liquid are more controllable, and the segmented design of the swirl core 1 can achieve more efficient liquid atomization and spray uniformity. Specifically, the lower cylinder of the swirl core 1 can further increase the angular velocity of the liquid in the annular flow channel. The truncated cone shape with a downward opening at the bottom of the nozzle sleeve 2 can adjust the angle of the liquid after it is sprayed out, and the liquid is more evenly mixed with the gas at the bottom of the swirl nozzle after it is sprayed out. Example 3

[0063] Based on Example 1, the cross-section of the spiral flow channel 3 is any one of a rectangle, a trapezoid, and a triangle.

[0064] Furthermore, the wall surface of the spiral flow channel 3 is provided with grooves and / or protrusions for enhancing the friction between the liquid and the wall surface, thereby improving the rotation efficiency and the atomization effect.

[0065] In this embodiment, spiral flow channels with different cross-sectional shapes and concave-convex designs on the flow channel wall are introduced to enhance the interaction between the liquid and the wall, thereby improving the rotation efficiency and atomization quality of the fluid. This design achieves significant optimization of the atomization effect by adjusting the fluid mechanics behavior at the microscopic level. Example 4

[0066] The utility model provides a technical solution: an engine, the engine comprising the above-mentioned swirl nozzle.

[0067] In this embodiment, the optimized swirl nozzle is applied to the engine, which can improve the fuel combustion efficiency and reduce emissions. This design ensures that the fuel is fully and evenly mixed in the combustion chamber by finely controlling the atomization process of the fuel, thereby optimizing the combustion effect.

[0068] Obviously, the above embodiments of the utility model are only examples for clearly explaining the utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the utility model.

Claims

1. A swirl nozzle, characterized in that: It comprises a nozzle sleeve (2) and a swirl core (1) installed inside the nozzle sleeve (2); A spiral flow channel (3) is provided between the upper portion of the nozzle sleeve (2) and the swirl core (1), and is used to cause the liquid entering from the top of the swirl nozzle to generate an angular velocity after flowing through the spiral flow channel (3); A first annular flow channel (4) whose cross-sectional area gradually decreases from top to bottom is provided between the middle portion of the nozzle sleeve (2) and the swirl core (1) to further increase the angular velocity of the liquid; The lower part of the nozzle sleeve (2) is provided with an outlet (204), which is in the shape of a truncated cone with an opening facing downward, and forms a second annular flow channel (5) with a cross-sectional area gradually increasing from top to bottom between the outlet (204) and the swirl core (1).

2. The swirl nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cyclone core (1) comprises a first structure (101), a second structure (102) and a third structure (103) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The nozzle sleeve (2) is provided with a first cavity (201), a second cavity (202) and a third cavity (203) which are interconnected in sequence from top to bottom, and the outlet (204) is located below the third cavity (203) and is in communication with the third cavity (203).

3. The swirl nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first structure (101) is cylindrical, the second structure (102) is truncated cone-shaped, and the third structure (103) is cylindrical.

4. The swirl nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: At least one first spiral groove (1011) is provided on the outer wall of the first structure (101), or at least one second spiral groove (2011) is provided on the inner wall of the first cavity (201), so as to enable the upper part of the nozzle sleeve (2) to cooperate with the swirl core (1) to form a spiral flow channel (3).

5. The swirl nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first cavity (201) is cylindrical, the second cavity (202) is a truncated cone with the same opening direction as the second structure (102), and the third cavity (203) is cylindrical.

6. The swirl nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second annular flow channel (5) is formed by the cooperation of the third structure (103) and the outlet (204).

7. The swirl nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first structure (101), the second structure (102) and the third structure (103) are an integrated structure.

8. The swirl nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the spiral flow channel (3) is any one of a rectangular, a trapezoidal, and a triangular shape.

9. The swirl nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall surface of the spiral flow channel (3) is provided with grooves and / or protrusions for enhancing the friction between the liquid and the wall surface.

10. An engine, characterized in that: The engine comprises the swirl nozzle according to any one of claims 1-9.

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