Smoke exhausting and dust removing auxiliary device for tunnel blasting

Abstract

The utility model relates to a tunnel blasting smoke discharging and dust removing auxiliary device, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel blasting construction. The device comprises two supporting frames which are arranged in a spaced mode, the tops of the two supporting frames are fixedly connected through a horizontally-arranged shaft rod, a fixed support and a sliding support are arranged on the shaft rod in the axis direction of the shaft rod in a spaced mode, the fixed support is fixedly arranged on the shaft rod, the sliding support is arranged on the shaft rod in a sliding mode, and a plurality of connecting rods are hinged to the sliding support. The connecting rods are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the shaft rod, a plurality of stress supporting rods are hinged to the fixed support, the stress supporting rods are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the shaft rod and correspond to the connecting rods in a one-to-one mode, the ends, away from the sliding support, of the connecting rods are hinged to the middles of the stress supporting rods, and every two adjacent stress supporting rods are connected through a flexible material to form a closed structure. A buffer fixing base is fixedly arranged on the shaft rod and connected with the sliding support through a buffer. According to the utility model, the safety risk can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal auxiliary device, belonging to the technical field of tunnel blasting construction. Background Art

[0002] The underground engineering of a hydropower station includes a complex group of caverns consisting of many caverns, including the main powerhouse, main transformer room, water diversion tunnel, tailwater tunnel, busbar tunnel, and traffic tunnel. The caverns are crisscrossed and densely arranged, and the construction links are coordinated and influenced by each other. During the tunnel blasting construction process, drilling and blasting will produce a large amount of dust and blasting smoke. After the blasting, fresh air must be pressed into the tunnel to discharge the dust and smoke in the tunnel out of the tunnel. After the dust and smoke in the tunnel are diluted to a certain concentration, construction workers can enter the tunnel to carry out slag removal operations. The ventilation and smoke exhaust time after tunnel blasting is often nearly an hour, and it can even be longer for large and deep buried tunnels, which seriously affects the efficiency of construction operations. Failure to meet the ventilation and smoke exhaust standards will seriously affect the health and safety of construction workers. To this end, the applicant's prior patent application - the patent document with publication number CN217872928U provides a tunnel blasting smoke exhaust auxiliary device, including two support frames arranged at intervals, the tops of the two support frames are fixedly connected by a horizontally arranged shaft rod, and the shaft rod is provided with fixed supports and sliding supports at intervals along its axial direction, and the fixed supports and sliding supports are both arranged in the interval area between the two support frames, the fixed support is fixedly arranged on the shaft rod, and the sliding support is slidably arranged on the shaft rod, and a plurality of connecting rods are hinged on the sliding support, and the connecting rods are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shaft rod, and a plurality of load-bearing support rods are hinged on the fixed support, and the load-bearing support rods are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shaft rod and correspond one to one with the connecting rods, and the end of the connecting rod away from the sliding support is hinged to the middle part of the load-bearing support rod, and the adjacent two load-bearing support rods are connected to form a closed structure by a flexible material, and the load-bearing support rod at least has a portion located away from the fixed support rod as an elastic rod. However, this plan did not fully consider the impact of the shock wave generated during blasting, and did not set up energy absorption and energy dissipation devices. Therefore, when the shock wave is large, it is possible to cause serious damage to the device itself and the stability of the surrounding rock. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal auxiliary device, which is beneficial to reducing safety risks.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal auxiliary device, including two support frames arranged at intervals, the tops of the two support frames are fixedly connected by a horizontally arranged shaft rod, and fixed supports and sliding supports are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the shaft rod, and the fixed supports and sliding supports are both arranged in the interval area between the two support frames, the fixed supports are fixedly arranged on the shaft rod, and the sliding supports are slidably arranged on the shaft rod along the axial direction of the shaft rod, a plurality of connecting rods are hinged on the sliding supports, and the connecting rods are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shaft rod, and a plurality of force-bearing support rods are hinged on the fixed supports, and the force-bearing support rods are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shaft rod. The cam is configured to move the load-bearing support rod to a position which is opposite to the upper limit of the length of the support rod and the lower limit of the length of the support rod. The cam is configured to move the load-bearing support rod to a position which is opposite to the upper limit of the length of the support rod. The cam is configured to move the load-bearing support rod to a position which is opposite to the upper limit of the length of the support rod.

[0005] It is further preferred that the buffer is a spring sleeved on the shaft rod.

[0006] It is further preferred that the buffer fixing seat is slidably arranged on the shaft rod along the axial direction of the shaft rod, and the buffer fixing seat is equipped with a locking device for fixing the relative position between the buffer fixing seat and the shaft rod.

[0007] It is further preferred that the locking device comprises a latch pin, and the shaft rod is provided with a plurality of pin holes matched with the latch pin at intervals along the axial direction thereof.

[0008] It is further preferred that: the load-bearing support rod includes a support rod fixed section and a support rod movable section, one end of the support rod fixed section is hinged to one end of the support rod movable section, the other end of the support rod fixed section is hinged to the fixed support, and the end of the support rod movable section away from the support rod fixed section is connected to the fixed support through an elastic rope.

[0009] It is further preferred that the number of the load-bearing support rods is 16 to 32.

[0010] It is further preferred that each support frame is provided with a support foot, and the support foot is equipped with a support height adjustment mechanism.

[0011] It is further preferred that the top of the supporting foot is connected to the main structure of the supporting frame through a hinge mechanism, and the hinge mechanism is equipped with a damping mechanism or a locking screw.

[0012] It is further preferred that the supporting foot is composed of a plurality of supporting rods connected by threads.

[0013] It is further preferred that a roller with a brake mechanism is provided at the bottom of the supporting foot.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: when implemented, the support frame is fixed at a suitable position away from the blasting face, the fixed support is located closer to the tunnel side than the sliding support, and the shaft rod is basically located at the position of the tunnel axis, and the sliding support is driven to a suitable position on the shaft rod until the free end of the force-bearing support rod is initially engaged with the tunnel wall. At this time, the flexible material between the force-bearing support rods can basically close the tunnel section, and a closed space is formed between the device and the face; the drilling trolley or other equipment can also be used to resist the device on the outside to increase stability. When the explosive is detonated, the shock wave generated is transmitted to the rear of the face through the air and acts on the surface of the device. The pressure is transmitted to the buffer through the flexible material (generally a barrier cloth), the force-bearing support rod, and the connecting rod. The buffer is axially compressed, driving the connecting rod and the force-bearing support rod to contract, so that a gap is briefly generated between the device and the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the remaining shock wave energy is released. After the energy is released, the buffer returns to its original state, and the device and the face form a closed space again. After the blasting, the pre-set air compressor (or other smoke exhaust equipment) is started to suck out the smoke in the confined space. The utility model can limit the smoke after the blasting to a certain range, so as to be exhausted in time, which is conducive to shortening the ventilation and smoke exhaust time after the blasting and reducing the safety risk. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure when the utility model is implemented.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model.

[0017] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 AA cross-section diagram of .

[0018] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the BB cross section.

[0019] Markings in the figure: 1-support frame, 2-axis rod, 3-fixed support, 4-sliding support, 5-connecting rod, 6-load support rod, 7-buffer fixing seat, 8-support foot, 9-drilling trolley, 10-tunnel, 11-blasting face, 12-blasting slag, 13-air compressor, 14-buffer, 15-elastic rope, 16-roller, 17-buffer sleeve bottom plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the utility model includes two support frames 1 arranged at intervals, the tops of the two support frames 1 are fixedly connected by a horizontally arranged shaft rod 2, and fixed supports 3 and sliding supports 4 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the shaft rod 2, and the fixed supports 3 and sliding supports 4 are both arranged in the interval area between the two support frames 1, the fixed support 3 is fixedly arranged on the shaft rod 2, and the sliding support 4 is slidably arranged on the shaft rod 2 along the axial direction of the shaft rod 2, and a plurality of connecting rods 5 are hinged on the sliding support 4, and the connecting rods 5 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shaft rod 2, and a plurality of force-bearing support rods 6 are hinged on the fixed support 3, and the force-bearing support rods 6 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shaft rod 2 and correspond to the connecting rods 5 one by one, and one end of the connecting rod 5 away from the sliding support 4 is connected to the force-bearing support rod 6. The middle part of the support rod 6 is hinged, the angle formed by the shaft rod 2 between the fixed support 3 and the sliding support 4 and the load support rod 6 is an acute angle, the angle formed by the shaft rod 2 between the fixed support 3 and the sliding support 4 and the connecting rod 5 is an acute angle, the two adjacent load support rods 6 are connected to form a closed structure by flexible materials, the load support rod 6 at least has its part located away from the fixed support 3 to have an elastic deformation structure, the shaft rod 2 is fixed with a buffer fixing seat 7 (the fixed setting of the buffer fixing seat 7 here only means that its position is relatively fixed in the use state), the buffer fixing seat 7 is set on the side of the sliding support 4 away from the fixed support 3, and the buffer fixing seat 7 is connected to the sliding support 4 through a buffer 14. Among them, the support frame 1 mainly plays a supporting role, and can be a triangular bracket, an arch frame, a door-shaped frame and other forms. The elastic deformation structure of the load support rod 6 can be a part or the whole of itself using an elastic rod, and the elastic rod can be a rubber elastic rod or a metal component with a certain elastic deformation ability. The elastic deformation structure of the stressed support rod 6 can also be a structure in which the stressed support rod 6 is set as a multi-section movable rod, and the elastic rope 15 is used to constrain the specific form of the stressed support rod 6. For example, in this embodiment, the stressed support rod 6 is preferably designed to include a support rod fixed section and a support rod movable section, one end of the support rod fixed section is hinged to one end of the support rod movable section, the other end of the support rod fixed section is hinged to the fixed support 3, and the end of the support rod movable section away from the support rod fixed section is connected to the fixed support 3 through the elastic rope 15. The flexible material can be a cloth with a certain strength, that is, in the form of a barrier cloth.During implementation, the support frame 1 is fixed at a suitable position away from the blasting face 11, the fixed support 3 is located closer to the tunnel 10 than the sliding support 4, and the shaft rod 2 is basically located at the position of the axis of the tunnel 10, and the sliding support 4 is driven to a suitable position on the shaft rod 2 (finally, the buffer fixed seat 7 and the buffer 14 can play a travel limit role on the sliding support 4), until the free end of the force-bearing support rod 6 is initially engaged with the inner wall of the tunnel 10, at which time the flexible material between the force-bearing support rods 6 can basically close the cross-section of the tunnel 10, and a closed space is formed between the device and the blasting face 11; the smoke exhaust equipment can be pre-set on the inside or outside of the device according to the selected type, and the flexible material has a certain deformation ability, and the smoke exhaust pipe can pass through the position between the flexible material and the wall of the tunnel 10. In addition, the drilling trolley 9 or other equipment can be used to resist the device on the outside to increase stability. When the explosives are detonated, the generated shock wave propagates through the air to the rear of the blasting face 11, acting on the surface of the device. The pressure is transmitted to the buffer 14 through the flexible material (generally a barrier cloth), the load-bearing support rod 6, and the connecting rod 5. The buffer 14 is axially compressed, driving the connecting rod 5 and the load-bearing support rod 6 to contract, so that a gap is briefly generated between the device and the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the remaining shock wave energy is released. After the energy is released, the buffer 14 returns to its original state, and the device and the blasting face 11 form a closed space again. After the blasting, the pre-set air compressor 13 (or other smoke exhaust equipment) is started to suck out the smoke and dust in the enclosed space. The utility model can limit the smoke and dust after the blasting to a certain range, so that it can be extracted in time, which is conducive to shortening the ventilation and smoke exhaust time after the blasting, and reduces safety risks.

[0022] The smoke exhaust device can be pre-set inside or outside the device according to the selected type. The flexible material has a certain deformation ability, and the smoke exhaust pipe can pass through the position between the flexible material and the wall of the tunnel 10. In addition, the drilling trolley 9 or other equipment can be used to support the device on the outside to increase stability. In order to simplify the device structure and facilitate operation, the fixed support 3 can generally be designed to be close to the end of the shaft 2.

[0023] The buffer 14 can be implemented by various existing industrial buffers, such as various common rubber buffers or spring buffers. In this embodiment, a spring buffer is preferably used, and the spring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the shaft 2. The spring end mounting matching structure on the buffer fixing seat 7 and the sliding support 4 can adopt a conventional flat plate structure or a cylindrical structure.

[0024] For the convenience of implementation, the buffer fixing seat 7 is set on the shaft rod 2 to slide along the axial direction of the shaft rod 2, and the buffer fixing seat 7 is equipped with a locking device for fixing the relative position between it and the shaft rod 2. In the specific implementation, in order to facilitate the overall movement of the device into the tunnel 10 for installation, the initial state of the connecting rod 5 and the force support rod 6 is usually in a certain degree of contraction state. When the cross-section position that needs to be closed is reached, the sliding support 4 is driven to the appropriate position on the shaft rod 2 (generally it can be driven manually, or it can be assisted by a hydraulic push rod), until the free end of the force support rod 6 is initially engaged with the inner wall of the tunnel 10, and then the buffer fixing seat 7 is fixed to the appropriate position by the locking device, and finally the buffer fixing seat 7 and the buffer 14 play a travel limit role for the sliding support 4. In an alternative embodiment, the buffer fixing seat 7 can also be set in a fixed manner. Before the entire device is moved into the tunnel 10 for installation, the connecting rod 5 and the load-bearing support rod 6 can be initially in a state of contraction to a certain extent, and then an additional restraint device can be used to maintain its stable state, for example, by tying with a rope, for example, adding a limit pin between the sliding support 4 and the shaft rod 2, and when the installation position is reached, the restraint device can be released. At this time, the reset ability of the buffer 14 can also be used to achieve the positioning and installation of the connecting rod 5 and the load-bearing support rod 6.

[0025] The locking device for fixing the relative position of the buffer fixing seat 7 and the shaft rod 2 can be implemented in a variety of ways, such as spot welding, but in order to facilitate secondary use, it can usually be implemented by bolts or latches. Specifically, in a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the locking device includes a latch, and the shaft rod 2 is provided with a plurality of pin holes that are compatible with the latch at intervals along its axial direction. When the buffer fixing seat 7 needs to be moved, the latch can be pulled out. When the buffer fixing seat 7 is moved to a suitable position, the latch can be inserted into the corresponding pin hole on the shaft rod 2. It can be understood that in order for the latch to realize the connection and fixation of the buffer fixing seat 7 and the shaft rod 2, the buffer fixing seat 7 must also be provided with a pin hole that is compatible with the latch, and the pin hole on the buffer fixing seat 7 can be set to one or more.

[0026] In order to achieve a better sealing effect, the number of the force-bearing support rods 6 is preferably 16 to 32. The utility model is preferably applicable to a tunnel 10 with a circular cross section. When it is applicable to a tunnel with a non-circular cross section, the distribution of the force-bearing support rods 6 can be adjusted accordingly, for example, the length of each connecting rod 5 can be designed to be different.

[0027] In order to facilitate the height position of the shaft rod 2 so that it is basically located at the position of the axis of the tunnel 10, each support frame 1 is provided with a support foot 8, and the support foot 8 is equipped with a support height adjustment mechanism. The support height adjustment mechanism can be realized by means of a pad, a telescopic sleeve, etc. The utility model provides the following two preferred methods: one is that the top of the support foot 8 is connected to the main structure of the support frame 1 through a hinge mechanism, and the hinge mechanism is equipped with a damping mechanism or a locking screw. By rotating the support foot 8 and adjusting its angle relative to the vertical axis, the support height can be adjusted. The damping mechanism relies on friction to provide a locking force, which is an existing mature technology. Second, the support foot 8 is composed of multiple support rods connected by threads. By directly rotating the support rod, the length of the threaded connection section can be adjusted, and then the support height can be adjusted.

[0028] In order to facilitate moving the entire device to a suitable position, a roller 16 with a brake mechanism is provided at the bottom of the supporting foot 8.

Claims

1. A tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal auxiliary device, comprising two support frames (1) arranged at intervals, the tops of the two support frames (1) being fixedly connected by a horizontally arranged shaft (2), a fixed support (3) and a sliding support (4) being arranged at intervals on the shaft (2) along its axial direction, the fixed support (3) and the sliding support (4) being arranged in the interval area between the two support frames (1), the fixed support (3) being fixedly arranged on the shaft (2), the sliding support (4) being arranged on the shaft (2) to slide along the axial direction of the shaft (2), a plurality of connecting rods (5) being hingedly connected to the sliding support (4), the connecting rods (5) being arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shaft (2), the fixed support (3) being hingedly connected to a plurality of connecting rods (5), The force support rod (6) is arranged at intervals along the circumference of the shaft rod (2) and corresponds to the connecting rod (5) one by one. The end of the connecting rod (5) away from the sliding support (4) is hinged to the middle part of the force support rod (6). The angle formed by the shaft rod (2) between the fixed support (3) and the sliding support (4) and the force support rod (6) is an acute angle. The angle formed by the shaft rod (2) between the fixed support (3) and the sliding support (4) and the connecting rod (5) is an acute angle. Two adjacent force support rods (6) are connected to form a closed structure by a flexible material. The force support rod (6) is at least arranged at the end away from the fixed support (3) to have an elastic deformation structure, characterized in that: A buffer fixing seat (7) is fixedly arranged on the shaft rod (2), and the buffer fixing seat (7) is arranged on a side of the sliding support (4) away from the fixed support (3). The buffer fixing seat (7) and the sliding support (4) are connected via a buffer (14).

2. The tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal auxiliary device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer (14) is a spring sleeved on the shaft (2).

3. The tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal auxiliary device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer fixing seat (7) is slidably arranged on the shaft (2) along the axial direction of the shaft (2), and the buffer fixing seat (7) is provided with a locking device for fixing the relative position between the buffer fixing seat and the shaft (2).

4. The tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal auxiliary device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The locking device comprises a latch pin, and a plurality of pin holes matching the latch pin are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the shaft rod (2).

5. The tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal auxiliary device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The force-bearing support rod (6) comprises a support rod fixed section and a support rod movable section, one end of the support rod fixed section is hinged to one end of the support rod movable section, the other end of the support rod fixed section is hinged to the fixed support (3), and the end of the support rod movable section away from the support rod fixed section is connected to the fixed support (3) via an elastic rope (15).

6. The tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal auxiliary device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the load-bearing support rods (6) is 16 to 32.

7. The tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal auxiliary device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Each support frame (1) is provided with a support foot (8), and the support foot (8) is equipped with a support height adjustment mechanism.

8. The tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal auxiliary device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the support foot (8) is connected to the main structure of the support frame (1) via a hinge mechanism, and the hinge mechanism is equipped with a damping mechanism or a locking screw.

9. The tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal auxiliary device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The supporting foot (8) is composed of a plurality of supporting rods connected by threads.

10. The tunnel blasting smoke exhaust and dust removal auxiliary device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A roller (16) with a brake mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the supporting foot (8).

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