Air exhaust and smoke exhaust system with variable air exhaust rate and building

Abstract

The utility model discloses an air exhaust and smoke exhaust system with variable air exhaust rate and a building, and relates to the field of ventilation. The air exhaust and smoke exhaust system with the variable air exhaust rate comprises an air exhaust device and an air supply device. The air exhaust device comprises an exhaust pipe, an air exhaust and smoke exhaust fan and an air exhaust main air pipe which are sequentially connected, the air exhaust and smoke exhaust fan is connected with an air exhaust multi-blade electric adjusting air valve in parallel, the air exhaust main air pipe is connected with a plurality of air exhaust branch pipes, the air exhaust branch pipes are connected with air exhaust electric valves in parallel, and the air exhaust branch pipes are connected with smoke exhaust fireproof valves, smoke exhaust valves and a plurality of smoke exhaust shutter air openings. The air supply device comprises a fresh air pipe, an air supply and supplement fan and a main air supply pipe which are sequentially connected, the air supply and supplement fan is connected with an air supply multi-blade electric adjusting air valve in parallel, the main air supply pipe is connected with a plurality of air supply branch pipes, and the air supply branch pipes are sequentially connected with air supply electric valves and a plurality of air supply shutter air ports. The air exhaust and smoke exhaust system with the variable air exhaust rate can meet the fire-fighting smoke exhaust requirement and can also achieve variable-air-rate air exhaust, and the number of draught fans is reduced so as to save investment and operation and maintenance workloads.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ventilation, and in particular to an exhaust and smoke exhaust system and a building with variable exhaust volume. Background Art

[0002] The exhaust and smoke exhaust system is widely used in garages because the exhaust volume and smoke exhaust volume of garages are basically matched, and the exhaust volume of garages does not need to be adjusted or changed. The fan is only opened and closed according to the CO concentration sensor or manual control. In many civil or industrial buildings, such as office buildings, shopping malls, factories, warehouses and other places, mechanical exhaust and mechanical smoke exhaust systems are required. If the rated exhaust volume of each area matches the exhaust volume of the mechanical smoke exhaust system, it is the most economical way to combine the exhaust system with the smoke exhaust system. However, the exhaust volume required in each area of ​​the above-mentioned buildings varies in different time periods, seasons and situations, which requires the exhaust fan to be a variable frequency fan to achieve this. According to Article 13.7.6 of the "Electrical Design Standards for Civil Buildings" (GB51348-2019): Fire pumps, smoke fans and smoke exhaust fans shall not be controlled by variable frequency speed regulators, so variable frequency fans cannot be used in exhaust and smoke exhaust systems.

[0003] Therefore, in order to meet the changing demand for exhaust volume, a simple method is to separate the fans of the exhaust system and the smoke exhaust system and set up independent fans. In this way, the number of fans increases significantly, and the fans of the exhaust system need to use variable frequency fans, which are expensive and the initial investment in equipment increases significantly. In addition, the required fan room area also increases greatly, reducing the usable area of ​​the building, which is very uneconomical. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide an exhaust and smoke exhaust system and a building with variable exhaust volume, which can not only meet the fire smoke exhaust requirements, but also realize variable air volume exhaust according to the functional requirements of the building, greatly reduce the number of fans, save initial equipment investment, and reduce the workload of later operation and maintenance; reduce the floor space of the fan room, improve the utilization rate of the building space, and thus effectively improve the economic benefits.

[0005] This application is implemented as follows:

[0006] The present application provides an exhaust and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume, which includes an exhaust device and an air supply device;

[0007] The exhaust device includes an exhaust and smoke exhaust fan, an exhaust pipe connected to the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan inlet and the outside, an exhaust main air duct connected to the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan outlet, an exhaust fan bypass pipe with two ends respectively connected to the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan inlet and outlet, an exhaust multi-leaf electric regulating air valve arranged on the exhaust fan bypass pipe, a plurality of exhaust branch pipes connected to the exhaust main air duct, and exhaust branch bypass pipes corresponding to the exhaust branch pipes one by one, the plurality of exhaust main air ducts respectively extend to various smoke prevention areas, each exhaust branch pipe is respectively connected with a smoke exhaust fire damper, a smoke exhaust valve and a plurality of smoke exhaust louver air outlets in sequence, the two ends of the exhaust branch bypass pipe are respectively connected to the corresponding exhaust branch pipes, an exhaust electric valve is arranged on the exhaust branch bypass pipe, the smoke exhaust fire damper and the smoke exhaust valve are located on the exhaust branch pipe connected at both ends of the exhaust branch bypass pipe, and the exhaust pipe is connected to an exhaust shaft or an external wall louver;

[0008] The air supply device includes an air supply and air make-up air fan, a fresh air duct connected to the inlet of the air supply and air make-up air fan and the outside, a main air supply duct connected to the outlet of the air supply and air make-up air fan, a bypass pipe at the air supply fan connected to the inlet and outlet of the air supply and air make-up air fan at both ends respectively, an air supply multi-leaf electric regulating air valve arranged on the bypass pipe at the air supply fan, and a plurality of air supply branch pipes connected to the main air supply duct. The air supply branch pipes and the exhaust branch pipes extend to each smoke prevention area in a one-to-one correspondence, and each air supply branch pipe is connected in sequence with an air supply electric valve and a plurality of air supply louver air outlets.

[0009] In some optional embodiments, a first check valve is provided on the discharge pipe.

[0010] In some optional embodiments, the main exhaust air duct is connected to a first muffler located between the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan and the exhaust branch pipe.

[0011] In some optional implementation schemes, an exhaust fire damper is provided on the exhaust main air duct between the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan and the first muffler.

[0012] In some optional implementation schemes, a pressure sensor is provided on the exhaust main air duct between the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan and the exhaust fire damper.

[0013] In some optional embodiments, it also includes a controller electrically connected to the pressure sensor, the exhaust multi-leaf electric regulating air valve and the supply multi-leaf electric regulating air valve respectively.

[0014] In some optional embodiments, the main air supply duct is connected to a second check valve, an air supply fire damper and a second muffler located between the air supply and make-up air fan and the air supply branch pipe.

[0015] In some optional implementation schemes, the exhaust main air duct and the fresh air duct are connected by a connecting pipe provided with a shut-off valve.

[0016] The present application also provides a building, which includes the above-mentioned exhaust and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: the exhaust and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume provided by the present application comprises an exhaust device and an air supply device; the exhaust device comprises an exhaust and smoke exhaust fan, an exhaust pipe connected to the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan inlet and the outside, an exhaust main air duct connected to the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan outlet, an exhaust fan bypass pipe with two ends respectively connected to the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan inlet and outlet, an exhaust multi-leaf electric regulating air valve arranged on the exhaust fan bypass pipe, a plurality of exhaust branch pipes connected to the exhaust main air duct and exhaust branch bypass pipes corresponding to the exhaust branch pipes one by one, the plurality of exhaust main air ducts respectively extend to various smoke prevention areas, each exhaust branch pipe is respectively connected in sequence with a smoke exhaust fire damper, a smoke exhaust valve and a plurality of smoke exhaust louver air outlets, and the two ends of the exhaust branch bypass pipe are respectively connected to Corresponding to the exhaust branch pipe connection, an exhaust electric valve is provided on the exhaust branch bypass pipe, the smoke exhaust fire damper and the smoke exhaust valve are located on the exhaust branch pipes connected at both ends of the exhaust branch bypass pipe, and the exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust shaft or the exterior wall shutters; the air supply device includes an air supply and air supply fan, a fresh air duct connected to the inlet of the air supply and air supply fan and the outside world, a main air supply duct connected to the outlet of the air supply and air supply fan, a bypass pipe at the air supply fan connected to the inlet and outlet of the air supply and air supply fan at both ends respectively, an air supply multi-leaf electric regulating air valve arranged on the bypass pipe at the air supply fan, and a plurality of air supply branch pipes connected to the main air supply duct, the air supply branch pipes and the exhaust branch pipes extend to each smoke prevention area one by one, and each air supply branch pipe is connected in sequence with an air supply electric valve and a plurality of air supply shutter air outlets. The variable exhaust volume exhaust and smoke exhaust system provided in the present application combines the exhaust system and the smoke exhaust system to set up an exhaust device, and combines the air supply and air makeup systems to set up an air supply device, which can not only meet the fire smoke exhaust requirements, but also realize variable air volume exhaust according to the functional requirements of the building, greatly reduce the number of fans, save initial equipment investment, and reduce the workload of later operation and maintenance; reduce the floor space of the fan room, improve the utilization rate of the building space, and thus effectively improve the economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an exhaust and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2A schematic structural diagram of an exhaust and smoke exhaust system with a variable exhaust volume provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of an exhaust and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0022] In the figure: 100, exhaust and smoke exhaust fan; 110, exhaust pipe; 120, exhaust main air duct; 130, exhaust fan bypass pipe; 140, exhaust multi-leaf electric regulating air valve; 150, exhaust branch pipe; 151, smoke exhaust fire damper; 152, smoke exhaust valve; 153, smoke exhaust louver air outlet; 160, exhaust branch bypass pipe; 170, exhaust electric valve; 180, first check valve; 190, first muffler; 191, exhaust fire damper; 192, pressure sensor; 200 , air supply and make-up air fan; 210, fresh air duct; 220, main air supply duct; 230, bypass pipe at the air supply fan; 240, multi-leaf electric regulating air valve for air supply; 250, air supply branch pipe; 260, electric valve for air supply; 270, louver air outlet for air supply; 280, second check valve; 290, fire damper for air supply; 291, second muffler; 300, smoke-proof area; 310, controller; 320, connecting pipe; 330, shut-off valve; 400, exhaust shaft; 410, air supply shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for which protection is sought, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0025] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0026] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the application is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0028] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0029] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0030] The characteristics and performance of the variable exhaust volume exhaust and smoke exhaust system and the building of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0031] like Figure 1As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides an exhaust and smoke exhaust system with a variable exhaust volume, which includes an exhaust device and an air supply device; wherein the exhaust device includes an exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 100, an exhaust pipe 110 respectively connected to the inlet of the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 100 and an exhaust shaft 400, an exhaust main air duct 120 connected to the outlet of the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 100, an exhaust fan bypass pipe 130 at both ends respectively connected to the inlet and outlet of the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 100, an exhaust multi-leaf electric regulating air valve 140 arranged on the exhaust fan bypass pipe 130, three exhaust branch pipes 150 each connected at one end to the exhaust main air duct 120 and exhaust branch bypass pipes 160 corresponding to the exhaust branch pipes 150 one by one, and the three exhaust main air ducts 130 are connected to the exhaust main air duct 120. The pipe 120 extends to three smoke-proof areas 300 respectively, and each exhaust branch pipe 150 is connected with a smoke exhaust fire damper 151, a smoke exhaust valve 152 and four smoke exhaust louver air outlets 153 in sequence. The two ends of the exhaust branch bypass pipe 160 are respectively connected to the corresponding exhaust branch pipe 150, and the exhaust branch bypass pipe 160 is provided with an exhaust electric valve 170. The smoke exhaust fire damper 151 and the smoke exhaust valve 152 are located on the exhaust branch pipe 150 connected at both ends of the exhaust branch bypass pipe 160; the exhaust pipe 110 is provided with a first check valve 180, and the exhaust main air duct 120 between the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 100 and the exhaust branch pipe 150 is provided with a pressure sensor 192, an exhaust fire damper 191 and a first muffler 190 in sequence.

[0032] The air supply device includes an air supply and air supply fan 200, a fresh air pipe 210 connected at both ends to the inlet of the air supply and air supply fan 200 and the air supply shaft 410, a main air supply duct 220 connected to the outlet of the air supply and air supply fan 200, a bypass pipe 230 at the air supply fan connected at both ends to the inlet and outlet of the air supply and air supply fan 200, an air supply multi-leaf electric regulating air valve 240 provided on the bypass pipe 230 at the air supply fan, and three air supply main air pipes 220 connected to the outlet of the air supply and air supply fan 200. The air supply branch pipe 250 of 20, three air supply branch pipes 250 and the exhaust branch pipe 150 extend to three smoke proof areas 300 one by one, each air supply branch pipe 250 is respectively connected with an air supply electric valve 260 and four air supply louver air outlets 270 in sequence, and the second check valve 280, the air supply fire damper 290 and the second muffler 291 are arranged on the main air supply duct 220 between the air supply and air supply fan 200 and the air supply branch pipe 250.

[0033] The working principle of the exhaust and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume provided in the embodiment of the present application is: during normal exhaust, according to the air flow direction, the exhaust process of the exhaust device is that the air in each smoke-proof area 300 enters the exhaust branch bypass pipe 160 through each smoke exhaust louver air outlet 153, and then enters the exhaust branch pipe 150, the exhaust main air duct 120, the first muffler 190, the exhaust fire damper 191, the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 100 and the exhaust fan bypass pipe 130, After the first check valve 180, the air is discharged to the exhaust shaft 400 through the discharge pipe 110. At this time, the air supply process of the air supply device is: the air in the air supply shaft 410 passes through the fresh air duct 210, the air supply and make-up air fan 200 and the bypass pipe 230 at the air supply fan, the second check valve 280, the air supply fire damper 290 and the second muffler 291, the air supply main air duct 220, the air supply branch pipe 250, the air supply electric valve 260, and then enters each smoke prevention area 300 through the air supply louver air outlet 270.

[0034] During normal exhaust, the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 100 and the supply and make-up air fan 200 are turned on to exhaust and supply air to each smoke-proof area 300 to realize the ventilation function. When the actual exhaust volume demand of a certain smoke-proof area 300 changes, the opening of the exhaust electric valve 170 on the exhaust branch bypass pipe 160 connected to the exhaust branch pipe 150 of the smoke-proof area 300 is adjusted according to the signals of the indoor temperature and humidity sensor, the harmful substance concentration sensor, etc., or when the smoke-proof area 300 does not need to be exhausted, the corresponding exhaust electric valve 170 of the smoke-proof area 300 is closed remotely or locally, thereby changing the pressure in the exhaust main air duct 120. The pressure sensor 192 arranged on the exhaust main air duct 120 detects the pressure change, so that it is convenient for the operator to control the bypass pipe 13 at the exhaust fan. 0, so that the excess exhaust air is discharged through the exhaust multi-leaf electric regulating air valve 140, keeping the total exhaust air volume unchanged, and the excess pressure is consumed by the exhaust electric valve 170 on each exhaust branch bypass pipe 160, so that the pressure of the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 100 remains constant; at this time, the operator controls the opening of the supply air electric valve 260 on the supply air branch pipe 250 and the corresponding exhaust air electric valve 170 on the exhaust branch bypass pipe 160 to be adjusted synchronously, and controls the opening of the supply air multi-leaf electric regulating air valve 240 on the bypass pipe 230 at the supply fan to be adjusted synchronously with the opening of the exhaust multi-leaf electric regulating air valve 140 on the bypass pipe 130 at the exhaust fan, so as to ensure that the supply air volume and exhaust air volume of each smoke protection area 300 match each other, and ensure the balance of the system supply and exhaust air volume.

[0035] When a fire occurs and smoke exhaust is required, according to the direction of air flow, the smoke exhaust process of the smoke exhaust device is: the smoke exhaust fire damper 151 and the smoke exhaust valve 152 are opened, and the smoke in the fire smoke prevention area 300 is discharged through the smoke exhaust louver air outlet 153, the smoke exhaust valve 152, the smoke exhaust fire damper 151, the exhaust branch pipe 150, the exhaust main air duct 120, the first muffler 190, the exhaust fire damper 191, the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 100, the first stop After the return valve 180, it is discharged to the exhaust shaft 400 through the discharge pipe 110; the air supply process of the air supply device is: the air in the air supply shaft 410 passes through the fresh air duct 210, the air supply and make-up air fan 200, the second check valve 280, the air supply fire damper 290 and the second muffler 291, the air supply main air duct 220, the air supply branch pipe 250, the air supply electric valve 260, and then enters each smoke prevention area 300 through the air supply louver air outlet 270.

[0036] During fire smoke exhaust, according to the fire alarm signal, the exhaust multi-leaf electric regulating damper 140, the exhaust electric valve 170, and the supply air multi-leaf electric regulating damper 240 are controlled to be closed, the smoke exhaust valve 152 and the smoke exhaust fire damper 151 on the exhaust branch pipe 150 are opened, the supply air electric valve 260 on the supply air branch pipe 250 is opened, the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 100 and the supply and make-up air fan 200 are opened to carry out fire smoke exhaust and air make-up. When the smoke temperature exceeds 280°C, the smoke exhaust fire damper 151 and the exhaust fire damper 191 are melted and closed, and the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan 100 and the supply and make-up air fan 200 are closed to stop smoke exhaust and air make-up.

[0037] In other optional embodiments, the number of smoke-proof areas 300 may be 2 or more than 3, and the number of exhaust branch pipes 150 and supply branch pipes 250 may be 2 or more than 3 and correspond one-to-one to the smoke-proof areas 300 .

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, in other optional embodiments, a controller 310 is further included which is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 192, the exhaust multi-leaf electric regulating air valve 140 and the supply multi-leaf electric regulating air valve 240. By setting the controller 310 to receive the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor 192, the opening of the exhaust multi-leaf electric regulating air valve 140 on the bypass pipe 130 at the exhaust fan can be automatically controlled in a PID control manner, so that the excess exhaust air volume is discharged through the bypass pipe 130 at the exhaust fan, and the opening of the supply multi-leaf electric regulating air valve 240 on the bypass pipe 230 at the supply fan is controlled to be synchronously adjusted with the opening of the exhaust multi-leaf electric regulating air valve 140 on the bypass pipe 130 at the exhaust fan.

[0039] like Figure 3As shown, in other optional embodiments, the exhaust main air duct 120 and the fresh air duct 210 are connected by a connecting pipe 320 provided with a shut-off valve 330, so that when needed, external air can be passed through the fresh air duct 210 via the connecting pipe 320 into the exhaust main air duct 120 and then discharged, thereby increasing the exhaust volume.

[0040] The present application also provides a building, which is equipped with the above-mentioned exhaust and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume.

[0041] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An exhaust and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume, characterized in that: It includes an exhaust device and an air supply device; The exhaust device comprises an exhaust and smoke exhaust fan, an exhaust pipe connected to the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan inlet and the outside, an exhaust main air duct connected to the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan outlet, an exhaust fan bypass pipe connected to the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan inlet and outlet at both ends, an exhaust multi-leaf electric regulating air valve arranged on the exhaust fan bypass pipe, a plurality of exhaust branch pipes connected to the exhaust main air duct and exhaust branch bypass pipes corresponding to the exhaust branch pipes one by one, a plurality of the exhaust main air ducts respectively extend to each smoke prevention area, each of the exhaust branch pipes is respectively connected with a smoke exhaust fire damper, a smoke exhaust valve and a plurality of smoke exhaust louver air outlets in sequence, the two ends of the exhaust branch bypass pipe are respectively connected to the corresponding exhaust branch pipes, an exhaust electric valve is arranged on the exhaust branch bypass pipe, the smoke exhaust fire damper and the smoke exhaust valve are located on the exhaust branch pipes connected at both ends of the exhaust branch bypass pipe, and the exhaust pipe is connected to an exhaust shaft or an external wall louver; The air supply device includes an air supply and air supply fan, a fresh air duct connected to the inlet of the air supply and air supply fan and the outside, a main air supply duct connected to the outlet of the air supply and air supply fan, a bypass pipe at the air supply fan connected to the inlet and outlet of the air supply and air supply fan at both ends, an air supply multi-leaf electric regulating air valve arranged on the bypass pipe at the air supply fan, and a plurality of air supply branch pipes connected to the main air supply duct, the air supply branch pipes and the exhaust branch pipes extend to each smoke proof area in a one-to-one correspondence, and each of the air supply branch pipes is respectively connected with an air supply electric valve and a plurality of air supply louver air outlets in sequence.

2. The air and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge pipe is provided with a first check valve.

3. The air and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main exhaust air duct is connected to a first muffler located between the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan and the exhaust branch pipe.

4. The air and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume according to claim 3, characterized in that: An exhaust fire damper is provided on the exhaust main air duct between the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan and the first muffler.

5. The air and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume according to claim 4, characterized in that: A pressure sensor is provided on the exhaust main air duct between the exhaust and smoke exhaust fan and the exhaust fire damper.

6. The air and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a controller electrically connected to the pressure sensor, the exhaust multi-leaf electric regulating air valve and the supply multi-leaf electric regulating air valve respectively.

7. The variable exhaust volume air and smoke exhaust system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main air supply duct is connected to a second check valve, an air supply fire damper and a second muffler located between the air supply and air supplement fan and the air supply branch pipe.

8. The variable exhaust volume air and smoke exhaust system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The exhaust main air duct and the fresh air duct are connected via a connecting pipe provided with a shutoff valve.

9. A building, characterized in that: It comprises an exhaust and smoke exhaust system with variable exhaust volume as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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