Wind power wide-distribution type air-cooled frozen soil roadbed

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of frozen soil engineering, in particular to a wind power wide-distribution type air-cooled frozen soil roadbed which comprises an air-cooled regulation and control unit, an air power unit and an automatic temperature control air door. The air cooling regulation and control unit comprises phase-change heat-exchange cold storage bodies, an air cooling box body, an air exhaust channel and air circulation channels, the multiple phase-change heat-exchange cold storage bodies are evenly distributed in the air cooling box body at intervals, and the multiple air circulation channels which are arranged in parallel at intervals and extend to the outer side of the air cooling box body are arranged among the multiple phase-change heat-exchange cold storage bodies; every two adjacent air circulation channels on the inner side of the air cooling box body are distributed in a staggered mode, and a plurality of air holes penetrating through the inside and the outside are formed in the side wall of one end of each air circulation channel located in the air cooling box body. By arranging the automatic temperature control air door, comprehensive utilization of modes such as forced convection and slow-release heat absorption of the phase-change heat storage body is achieved according to the judged temperature, the effect of efficiently cooling the frozen soil roadbed is achieved through cooperation of the air cooling regulation and control unit, and long-term stability of the roadbed is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of frozen soil engineering, in particular to a wind-powered widespread gas-frozen soil roadbed. Background Art

[0002] In the permafrost areas of my country such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Northeast China, through long-term evolution, development and change, thick underground ice with various shapes and thicknesses of several meters or even more than ten meters has been formed. With the changes in climate and environment and the impact of human engineering activities, the permafrost and underground ice will degenerate and melt, leading to various engineering disasters and having an important impact on the stability of various major engineering buildings.

[0003] Actively cooling the frozen soil foundation through the adoption of frozen soil protection engineering measures is a key way to ensure the long-term safe operation and stability of frozen soil engineering. Since the strength of frozen soil is closely related to temperature, its strength can increase exponentially as the temperature of frozen soil continues to decrease. Under low temperature conditions, the frozen soil foundation can be as hard as a rock, and under high temperature or close to 0°C, it can also be as soft as a soft soil foundation. Therefore, by applying frozen soil protection engineering measures in the frozen soil foundation, by reducing the frozen soil temperature to varying degrees and continuously gathering cold energy into the foundation, the purpose of maintaining the long-term stability of the frozen soil foundation can be well achieved. Therefore, for an engineering measure to protect frozen soil, its cooling efficiency, or the overall regulation efficiency of the ground temperature field of the frozen soil foundation, is the key to the success or failure of maintaining the long-term stability of the roadbed.

[0004] Measures such as block-stone-based roadbed are one of the important engineering measures to protect permafrost foundations. They mainly achieve cooling of the frozen soil foundation through the different thermal conductivity of the block-stone layer in cold and warm seasons, and have played an important role in frozen soil projects such as the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. However, with the continuous intensification of warming and humidification on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the rate of frozen soil degradation and melting has doubled, posing a major threat to the stability of the frozen soil foundation. Actual observation results show that the cooling efficiency of this measure is now difficult to meet the actual engineering needs, especially under highway conditions. The efficiency is even worse, or it has no cooling efficiency. Since the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the world's first Qinghai Gonghe-Yushu Expressway have adopted a large number of block-stone-based roadbed structures in frozen soil areas, engineering diseases such as uneven settlement and cracking of the roadbed have continued to appear in large numbers, posing a serious threat to engineering stability and driving safety. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model provides a wind-powered widespread gas-frozen soil roadbed, which overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and can effectively solve the problem of poor stability of the roadbed caused by poor cooling effect in the existing block stone base roadbed.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the utility model discloses a wind-powered widespread air-cooled soil roadbed, comprising an air-cooling control unit, an air power unit and an automatic temperature control damper;

[0007] The air-cooling control unit includes a phase-change heat storage body, an air-cooling box, an air exhaust channel and an air circulation channel. A plurality of phase-change heat storage bodies are evenly spaced in the air-cooling box, and a plurality of air circulation channels are arranged between the plurality of phase-change heat storage bodies in parallel and at intervals and extending to the outside of the air-cooling box. Two adjacent air circulation channels on the inside of the air-cooling box are staggered, and a plurality of air holes penetrating inside and outside are arranged on a side wall at one end of each air circulation channel in the air-cooling box, and a plurality of air exhaust channels communicating with the external environment are arranged on the side wall on the outside of the air-cooling box;

[0008] The air power unit includes an air filtering device and an air circulation power device that drives the driving blades to rotate under wind drive. The air circulation power device is connected to the air filtering device, and the output end of the air filtering device is fixedly connected to two adjacent air circulation channels through an automatic temperature control damper.

[0009] The air-cooling box body is a hollow structure consisting of a top plate, a bottom plate and an outer partition plate, and supporting columns are arranged at intervals inside the air-cooling box body.

[0010] The above-mentioned air exhaust channel is located at one end of the outside of the air-cooled box and is inclined, and the angle between the inclined section of the pipe mouth and the vertical perpendicular line is 0~45°. A damper consistent with the inclination direction of the pipe mouth is installed at the pipe mouth of the inclined surface, and the upper end of the damper is movably connected to a door shaft fixedly connected to the corresponding position of the pipe mouth, and a counterweight block is installed at the lower end of the damper.

[0011] The above also includes water-proof geotextile and thermal insulation material. The thermal insulation material is arranged above the air-cooling control unit, and the water-proof geotextile is arranged above the thermal insulation material.

[0012] The utility model adopts the convection heat exchange process between the air-cooling control unit and the outside world as a whole and at the level, which changes the slow "heat conduction" heat exchange mechanism between the inside of the ventilation duct roadbed and the ventilation duct; at the same time, the utility model changes the vertical and weak natural convection heat exchange process of the block stone roadbed by adopting the horizontal air-cooling control unit at the overall level and the strong forced convection heat exchange process, and the utility model can automatically perform the overall heat exchange process according to the temperature conditions, which changes the previous measures that adopted the heat exchange process under autonomous and passive working conditions.

[0013] In addition, the air-cooling control unit of the utility model has a hollow structure, and the auxiliary upper thermal insulation material and the internal phase change heat storage material can effectively block the downward transfer of heat from the upper part of the roadbed, and can also well preserve the cold energy accumulated in the cold season or mechanical refrigeration, greatly improving the cooling efficiency of the roadbed, and realizing the full utilization of the abundant cold energy and solar energy natural resources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The specific implementation of the utility model is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the air cooling control unit.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the horizontal air-cooling control layer.

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross section of the middle AA` roadbed.

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross section of the middle BB` roadbed.

[0020] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross section of the CC` roadbed.

[0021] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the air circulation channel structure.

[0022] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the air exhaust channel structure.

[0023] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the self-controlled widespread air-cooled roadbed.

[0024] In the figure: 1-phase change heat storage body, 2-air cooling box, 3-air exhaust channel, 4-air circulation channel, 5-air hole, 6-air circulation power equipment, 7-air filtering equipment, 8-automatic temperature control damper, 9-support column, 10-damper, 11-door shaft, 12-counterweight block, 13-waterproof geotextile, 14-thermal insulation material, 15-roadbed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is not limited by the following embodiments, and specific implementation methods can be determined according to the technical solution of the present invention and actual conditions.

[0026] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings:

[0027] like Figure 1-9 As shown, a wind-powered widespread air-cooled soil roadbed includes an air-cooling control unit, an air power unit and an automatic temperature control damper 8;

[0028] The air cooling control unit includes a phase change heat storage body 1, an air cooling box 2, an air exhaust channel 3 and an air circulation channel 4. A plurality of phase change heat storage bodies 1 are evenly spaced in the air cooling box 2. A plurality of parallel and spaced air circulation channels 4 extending to the outside of the air cooling box 2 are arranged between the plurality of phase change heat storage bodies 1. Two adjacent air circulation channels 4 on the inside of the air cooling box 2 are staggered. A plurality of air holes 5 penetrating inside and outside are arranged on one end side wall of each air circulation channel 4 in the air cooling box 2. A plurality of air exhaust channels 3 penetrating to the external environment are arranged on the outer side wall of the air cooling box 2.

[0029] The air power unit includes an air filter device 7 and an air circulation power device 6 that drives the driving blades to rotate under wind drive. The air circulation power device 6 is connected to the air filter device 7. The output end of the air filter device 7 is fixedly connected to two adjacent air circulation channels 4 through an automatic temperature control damper 8.

[0030] During installation, the air cooling control unit is horizontally located as a whole inside the roadbed 15, with the bottom at a height of 0 to 1.0 m from the original natural surface. It can be set inside the fill of the roadbed 15 when the roadbed 15 is filled to a certain height.

[0031] The above-mentioned phase change heat storage body 1 is a thin-shell sealed container, the internal phase change material of which can be one or more combinations of conventional phase change materials with a phase change temperature of 0 ~ -15°C, and is placed inside the air-cooled box 2 and on both sides of the air circulation channel 4 respectively. Its main purpose is to store the cold energy in the air-cooled box 2 through the phase change process, and then release the cold energy when the roadbed 15 needs to be cooled. By balancing and adjusting the temperature in the roadbed 15, the purpose of uniformly reducing the temperature of the roadbed 15 is achieved.

[0032] The above-mentioned air circulation channel 4 can be a metal tube, PVC, PE, plastic tube, etc., and its shape can be a round tube or a rectangular tube. The air circulation channel 4 can be used as a channel for air flow, and can also be used as an air outlet channel and an air inlet channel. When used as an air outlet channel, it is only one direction for air to flow outward. Air holes 5 are set on the side wall of the air circulation channel 4 on the inner side of the air-cooling box 2 to facilitate uniform convection heat exchange of the air in the air-cooling box 2 under forced convection heat exchange. At the same time, by setting two upper and lower adjacent air circulation channels 4 on the inner side of the air-cooling box 2, spaced, parallel, and staggered, the convection heat exchange of the air in the center of the roadbed 15 is enhanced to ensure its overall cooling effect.

[0033] The above-mentioned air filtering device 7 is mainly used to filter the air flow to prevent the sand and dust carried by the external wind from entering the air-cooled box 2, and to prevent the problem of blockage of the air circulation channel 4; the above-mentioned air circulation power device 6 is a conventional wind duct ventilation drive assembly, that is, under the drive of wind, the duct drive blades are driven to rotate, driving the flow of external air, which increases the gas pressure and transports the cold to the air circulation channel 4.

[0034] The automatic temperature control damper 8 adopts the existing known technology, which contains a temperature intelligent sensing system, which can be electronic or mechanical, wherein the mechanical type is an automatic temperature control damper composed of an induction transmission device such as a temperature control memory alloy (the patents 201610152042.6, 201010241354.7, 200510065354.5, etc. authorized by the inventor can all realize mechanical control), both methods can automatically sense seasonal changes and ambient temperature changes, and automatically control the entry of cold air into the air circulation channel 4 according to the predetermined negative temperature (pre-set in the automatic temperature control damper 8), that is, when the external ambient temperature meets the condition that the air-cooling control layer needs to be cooled, the automatic temperature control damper 8 is opened for cooling, and the forced cooling mode of the air-cooling control layer is realized. On the contrary, the automatic temperature control damper 8 is closed.

[0035] like Figure 1-6 As shown in Figures 9, the air-cooling box body 2 is a hollow structure consisting of a top plate, a bottom plate and an outer partition plate, and supporting columns 9 are arranged at intervals inside the air-cooling box body 2.

[0036] Among them, the air-cooling box 2 is a hollow closed structure, and its shape can be a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylindrical shape, or a combination thereof, with a thickness of 10cm~50cm. The outer shell of the air-cooling box 2 is a prefabricated concrete part, or it can be a metal component. The load-bearing structure is formed by the top plate, the bottom plate and the outer partition to meet the load-bearing requirements of the roadbed 15 and ensure its overall compressive strength; the supporting columns 9 adopt concrete or steel frame structure with high strength. The supporting columns 9 are evenly arranged at a certain interval to provide sufficient space for the phase change heat storage body 1, and at the same time form a natural channel to enhance the convective heat exchange of the air in the air-cooling box 2.

[0037] like Figure 8 As shown, the air exhaust channel 3 is located at one end of the outer side of the air-cooling box 2 and is inclined, and the angle between the inclined section of the pipe mouth and the vertical perpendicular line is 0~45°, and a damper 10 consistent with the inclination direction of the pipe mouth is installed at the pipe mouth of the inclined surface, and the upper end of the damper 10 is movably connected to a door shaft 11 fixedly connected to the corresponding position of the pipe mouth, and the lower end of the damper 10 is installed with a counterweight block 12.

[0038] The damper 10 and the counterweight 12 are arranged on the outside of the air exhaust passage 3 to increase the sealing performance of the damper 10. Thus, when the air pressure inside the air-cooled box 2 reaches a certain pressure height, the damper 10 automatically opens, and the damper 10 is closed at other times.

[0039] like Figure 4-6 As shown, it also includes a water-proof geotextile 13 and a thermal insulation material 14 . The thermal insulation material 14 is arranged above the air-cooling control unit, and the water-proof geotextile 13 is arranged above the thermal insulation material 14 .

[0040] The above-mentioned thermal insulation material 14 can be one or a combination of polystyrene board (EPS), polyurethane board (PU), injection molded polystyrene board (XPS), with a thickness of 10~50 cm, and is buried at a height of 0~1.0m above the air-cooled box 2; it can effectively block the heat transfer process in the roadbed 15 from the outside, and has the effect of eliminating the adverse effect of heat absorption of the roadbed 15 on the cooling of engineering measures; in actual application, its width is slightly narrower than the width of the roadbed fill at its burial depth, and its burial height is coordinated with the burial height of the air-cooled control unit.

[0041] The geotextile can be a water-proof geotextile 13 commonly used in engineering projects, which is laid horizontally and continuously on the top of the air-cooling box 2, mainly used to reinforce the soil and isolate the water, to prevent moisture from entering the insulation material 14 and the air-cooling box 2, and affecting the air-cooling control performance.

[0042] The utility model mainly provides a forced refrigeration mode of a non-powered controlled forced air-frozen soil roadbed under forced convection conditions, and its working principle is as follows:

[0043] In the cold season, when the automatic temperature control damper 8 senses that the external ambient temperature is lower than the predetermined negative temperature, the automatic temperature control damper 8 opens, and the device starts the forced cooling mode, that is, driven by the air circulation power device 6, the external cold air enters through the air filter device 7, passes through the automatic temperature control damper 8, and enters the air-cooled box 2 from the air circulation channel 4, and flows to the inside of the air-cooled box 2 through the air holes 5 on the air circulation channel 4, and finally is discharged from the air exhaust channel 3 after flowing through the entire air-cooled box 2, thereby realizing the forced cooling mode; in this process, the low-temperature air mainly cools down the bottom plate of the air-cooled box 2, that is, the roadbed 15 at the bottom of the air-cooled control unit, and also exchanges heat and cools down with the phase change heat storage body 1, accumulates cold energy, and realizes the cooling process of the external open system of the roadbed 15 in the cold season.

[0044] In the warm season, when the automatic temperature control damper 8 senses that the ambient temperature is greater than the predetermined negative temperature, the automatic temperature control damper 8 automatically closes. At this time, the outside air no longer enters the air-cooled box 2, and the cold energy stored in the phase change heat storage body 1 is used to cool the roadbed 15.

[0045] The function of the phase change heat storage body 1 is: in winter, it stores cold energy at night or in other low-temperature weather conditions for heat exchange during the day or in other relatively high-temperature weather conditions; in warm seasons, the cold energy stored in the phase change heat storage body 1 is used for heat exchange inside the air-cooled box 2. When the inside of the roadbed 15 is in a low-temperature state, the entire device will be in a dormant state.

[0046] In summary, the utility model has a simple structure and is easy to use. By setting an automatic temperature control damper 8, the comprehensive utilization of forced convection, phase change heat storage body 1 slow release heat absorption and other modes is realized according to the judged temperature. Through the cooperation of the air cooling control unit, the effect of efficient cooling of the frozen soil roadbed 15 is achieved, ensuring the long-term stability of the roadbed 15.

[0047] In addition, the utility model changes the heat exchange mechanism and working efficiency of the existing roadbed 15 cooling, specifically:

[0048] The utility model first changes the convective heat exchange process of the original ventilation pipe ventilated roadbed. In the past, the heat exchange process of the ventilation pipe roadbed was first through the convective heat exchange between the inner wall of the ventilation pipe and the outside world, and then the heat conduction heat exchange between the pipe wall and the roadbed fill. First, under the engineering structure conditions where the ventilation pipe spacing is 1~2m, the roadbed height is usually 3m, and the ventilation pipe diameter is about 0.4m, since the heat exchange boundary of the ventilation pipe wall accounts for a very small proportion of the longitudinal section of the entire roadbed (about 20~30%), and the thermal conductivity of the soil is low (about 1~2W / m·K), the cooling efficiency of this engineering measure is insufficient and it is difficult to meet the actual engineering needs. Actual observations show that this kind of engineering measure will continue to settle and deform under highway conditions, and it is also difficult to ensure the long-term stability of the roadbed under railway conditions.

[0049] Secondly, the utility model changes the heat exchange process of the block stone roadbed. The heat exchange process of the block stone roadbed is that in the cold season, under the condition that the temperature at the top of the block stone layer is lower than the temperature at the bottom, the air at the top of the block stone layer is cooled, the volume shrinks, the density increases, and it begins to sink, while the density of the relatively high temperature air at the bottom is relatively small, and the hot air rises; thus, the air continuously releases heat at the top and descends, and absorbs heat at the bottom and rises, and a natural convection heat exchange process is performed. In the warm season, under the condition that the temperature at the top of the block stone layer is higher than the temperature at the bottom, the hot air at the top is above and the cold air at the bottom is below, and no convection heat exchange process occurs. Thus, the block stone layer produces the effect of heat release in the cold season and relative insulation in the warm season during the heat exchange process of one year. Its heat exchange process is a vertical heat exchange process. For this kind of heat exchange process, since the air needs to pass through the block stone layer, the flow channel is tortuous and changeable, and the flow process will naturally encounter great resistance; at the same time, with the increase of the ambient temperature in the permafrost area, or under the condition of heat absorption of the black roadbed of the highway, the temperature at the top of the block stone layer increases, and the working conditions required for the cold season of the block stone layer continue to decline or lose. Therefore, the heat exchange efficiency of the block rock layer in the block rock base roadbed is very low or lost, which is also the main reason for the instability of the roadbed of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and Gongyu Expressway.

[0050] Therefore, the utility model adopts the convection heat exchange process between the air-cooling control unit and the outside world as a whole and at the level, which changes the slow "heat conduction" heat exchange mechanism between the inside of the ventilation duct roadbed and the ventilation duct; at the same time, the utility model changes the vertical and weak natural convection heat exchange process of the block stone roadbed by adopting the horizontal air-cooling control unit at the overall level and the strong forced convection heat exchange process, and the utility model can automatically perform the overall heat exchange process according to the temperature conditions, which changes the previous measures that adopt the heat exchange process under autonomous and passive working conditions.

[0051] In addition, the air-cooling control unit of the utility model is a hollow structure, and the auxiliary upper insulation material 14 and the internal phase change heat storage body 1 material can effectively block the downward transfer of heat from the upper part of the roadbed 15, and can also well preserve the cold energy accumulated in the cold season or mechanical refrigeration, greatly improving the cooling efficiency of the roadbed 15, and can realize the full utilization of the abundant cold energy and solar energy natural resources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

[0052] At the same time, due to the complete change in the refrigeration mechanism and efficiency, the "overall" frozen soil temperature of the bearing layer below the roadbed 15 is effectively reduced significantly and for a long time. Because the strength of frozen soil is closely related to the frozen soil temperature, the utility model allows the "low-temperature" frozen soil roadbed 15 to exist in a large area below, which greatly enhances the mechanical stability and flatness of the roadbed 15, thereby achieving the purpose of long-term stability of the frozen soil roadbed 15 and effective elimination of various engineering diseases.

Claims

1. A wind-powered widespread gas-frozen soil roadbed, characterized in that: It includes air cooling control unit, air power unit and automatic temperature control damper; The air-cooling control unit includes a phase-change heat storage body, an air-cooling box, an air exhaust channel and an air circulation channel. A plurality of phase-change heat storage bodies are evenly spaced in the air-cooling box, and a plurality of air circulation channels are arranged between the plurality of phase-change heat storage bodies in parallel and at intervals and extending to the outside of the air-cooling box. Two adjacent air circulation channels on the inside of the air-cooling box are staggered, and a plurality of air holes penetrating inside and outside are arranged on a side wall at one end of each air circulation channel in the air-cooling box, and a plurality of air exhaust channels communicating with the external environment are arranged on the side wall on the outside of the air-cooling box; The air power unit includes an air filtering device and an air circulation power device that drives the driving blades to rotate under wind drive. The air circulation power device is connected to the air filtering device, and the output end of the air filtering device is fixedly connected to two adjacent air circulation channels through an automatic temperature control damper.

2. The wind-powered widespread gas-frozen soil roadbed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air-cooling box body is a hollow structure consisting of a top plate, a bottom plate and an outer partition plate, and supporting columns are arranged at intervals inside the air-cooling box body.

3. The wind-powered widespread gas-frozen soil roadbed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The air exhaust channel is located at one end of the outside of the air-cooled box and is inclined, and the angle between the inclined section of the pipe mouth and the vertical perpendicular line is 0~45°. A damper consistent with the inclination direction of the pipe mouth is installed at the pipe mouth of the inclined surface. The upper end of the damper is movably connected to a door shaft fixedly connected to the corresponding position of the pipe mouth, and a counterweight is installed at the lower end of the damper.

4. The wind-powered widespread gas-frozen soil roadbed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes water-proof geotextile and thermal insulation material. The thermal insulation material is arranged above the air-cooling control unit, and the water-proof geotextile is arranged above the thermal insulation material.

5. The wind-powered widespread gas-frozen soil roadbed according to claim 3 is characterized in that: It also includes water-proof geotextile and thermal insulation material. The thermal insulation material is arranged above the air-cooling control unit, and the water-proof geotextile is arranged above the thermal insulation material.

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