Extrusion head for 3D printer

Abstract

The extrusion head for the 3D printer comprises a connecting plate, a transverse plate, a front plate, a fixing column, an extrusion mechanism, a driving piece, a throat pipe, an annular heat dissipation piece, a heating assembly and a nozzle, and the transverse plate is provided with feeding ports which correspond to and are communicated with the throat pipe and the extrusion mechanism respectively. According to the extrusion head for the 3D printer, consumables enter the extrusion mechanism, are extruded out under the action of the driving piece, enter the throat pipe from the feeding opening in the transverse plate and then enter the heating assembly, and after being melted in the heating assembly, the consumables are extruded out through the nozzle; the annular heat dissipation piece dissipates heat of the front end of the throat pipe, so that the throat pipe at the upper end of the heating assembly is kept in a low-temperature state, better heat dissipation and cooling capacity is achieved, the heating assembly is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the throat pipe, when consumables are conveyed to the heating assembly, preheating can be stably conducted, the melting rate of the consumables under the high-speed condition is guaranteed, and the melting efficiency of the consumables is improved. Therefore, the smoothness during printing is improved, and high-speed printing is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to an extrusion head for a 3D printer. Background Art

[0002] The extruder head of a 3D printer includes: a print head (including heat sink, throat, heating block, nozzle and other components) and an extruder. At present, the printing speed of 3D printers based on the fused deposition modeling process is generally slow. The main reason is that during the printing process, the heating efficiency of the print head of the 3D printer is low. A 20 to 40W heating block is used to melt the consumables, so that the consumables in the print head do not have time to melt and extrude, which in turn affects the printing efficiency and makes it impossible to achieve high-speed printing. In addition, existing 3D printers often use 0.1 to 0.5mm nozzles, and the material spit out per unit time is limited, resulting in slow printing speed. With 1.75mm diameter consumables, the consumables fed into the heating block for melting per unit time are limited, and high-speed printing cannot be achieved.

[0003] The temperature of the print head is set according to the melting point of the consumables. Since the melting point of the consumables varies greatly, the temperature of the 3D printer print head can generally vary in a larger range, which places higher requirements on the heat dissipation performance of the print head. In the Chinese patent No. 202221488244.5, a 3D printer print head with a large temperature variation range is provided. A heat dissipation component is provided on the print head. The heat dissipation component includes a plurality of heat dissipation fins mounted on an annular heat conduction plate. Each heat dissipation fin is of the same size, so that each position of the heat dissipation component has the same heat dissipation effect. Due to the large amount of heat convection in the heat dissipation component and the heat radiation of the heat dissipation component itself, it is difficult to preheat the consumables when they are transported to the bottom of the heat dissipation component, so that the melting rate of the consumables under high-speed conditions cannot be guaranteed, and it is difficult to achieve high-speed printing. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to provide an extruder head for a 3D printer, so as to solve the problems of low printing efficiency of existing 3D printers, inability to ensure the melting rate of consumables under high-speed conditions, and difficulty in achieving high-speed printing.

[0005] The technical solution of the utility model to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0006] An extruder head for a 3D printer comprises: a connecting plate, a horizontal plate vertically arranged at the bottom of the connecting plate, a front plate located at the top of the horizontal plate and parallel to the connecting plate, a plurality of fixing columns connected between the front plate and the connecting plate, an extrusion mechanism arranged between the front plate and the connecting plate, a driving member arranged at a side of the connecting plate away from the front plate and used to drive the extrusion mechanism to rotate and discharge materials, a throat located at the bottom of the horizontal plate and vertically arranged, an annular heat sink annularly arranged outside the throat and connected to the bottom of the horizontal plate, a heating component arranged outside the throat and connected to the bottom of the annular heat sink, and a nozzle arranged at the bottom of the heating component and corresponding to and connected to the throat, wherein the horizontal plate is provided with feed ports corresponding to and connected to the throat and the extrusion mechanism respectively.

[0007] Furthermore, the extrusion mechanism includes a driving gear located at the front side of the connecting plate, a driven gear rotatably connected between the connecting plate and the front plate and meshing with the driving gear, an active extrusion gear set rotatably connected between the connecting plate and the front plate and meshing with the driven gear, a driven extrusion gear assembly rotatably arranged between the connecting plate and the front plate and opposite to the active extrusion gear set, a pushing assembly connected between the side wall of the connecting plate and the side wall of the front plate and used to push the driven extrusion gear assembly toward the active extrusion gear set, and a first connecting block and a second connecting block respectively arranged at intervals on one side of the front plate close to the connecting plate, the output shaft of the driving member passes through the connecting plate and is connected to the driving gear, the first connecting block is located above the second connecting block, and the first connecting block and the second connecting block are respectively provided with feeding holes corresponding to the discharging direction along the axial direction, the top of the first connecting block is connected to a feeding pipe connected to the feeding hole of the first connecting block, the bottom of the second connecting block contacts the top of the cross plate, and the feeding hole on the second connecting block corresponds to and is connected to the feeding port on the cross plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the above-mentioned driven extrusion gear assembly includes a connecting column connected between the connecting plate and the front plate and adjacent to the driving gear, an L-shaped plate rotatably arranged on the connecting column, and a clamping gear group rotatably arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the L-shaped plate and opposite to the active extrusion gear group, and a through groove for installing the clamping gear group is opened at the bottom end of the L-shaped plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the above-mentioned pushing assembly includes a U-shaped plate and a pushing screw threadedly connected to the middle part of the U-shaped plate, the two sides of the U-shaped plate are respectively connected to the side edges of the connecting plate and the side edges of the front plate, the pushing screw passes through the U-shaped plate and contacts the outer wall of the L-shaped plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the above-mentioned annular heat dissipation element includes a water tank annularly arranged on the outer wall of the throat and connected to the bottom of the horizontal plate, a water inlet pipe arranged on the top side of the water tank and connected to the water tank, and a drain pipe arranged on the bottom side of the water tank and connected to the water tank, and a fixing plate is arranged at the bottom of the water tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the above-mentioned heating assembly includes a fixed block connected to the bottom of the fixed plate, and a heating rod axially embedded in the fixed block, the end of the throat away from the water tank passes through the fixed plate and is embedded in the fixed block, the nozzle is connected to the bottom of the fixed block and corresponds to the throat, and the fixed block is axially provided with a discharge hole that is respectively connected to the throat and the nozzle.

[0012] Furthermore, an L-shaped fixing plate is invertedly arranged on the top of one side of the connecting plate away from the front plate.

[0013] The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. The utility model provides an extruder head for a 3D printer, and the arrangement of the connecting plate, the horizontal plate, and the front plate facilitates the arrangement of the extrusion mechanism. The consumable enters the extrusion mechanism, and the active extrusion gear set in the extrusion mechanism is driven to rotate under the action of the driving member. The active extrusion gear set cooperates with the driven extrusion gear assembly to extrude the consumable and enter the throat from the feed port on the horizontal plate, and then enter the heating assembly. After the consumable is melted inside the heating assembly, it is extruded through the nozzle; the annular heat sink dissipates heat from the front end of the throat, so that the throat at the upper end of the heating assembly remains at a low temperature, and has better heat dissipation and cooling capabilities. The heating assembly is arranged on the bottom outer wall of the throat, and when the consumable is transported to the heating assembly, it can be stably preheated, ensuring the melting rate of the consumable under high-speed conditions, thereby improving the smoothness during printing and achieving high-speed printing.

[0015] 2. The extruder head for the 3D printer of the utility model adopts a 1.5mm nozzle, a 2.65mm consumable and a 200W high-power heating rod. While maintaining a high printing speed and efficiency, it also focuses on improving printing accuracy and quality; the printer can not only cope with the printing needs of large supports and high speeds, but also meet the fine printing tasks with high requirements for accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an extruder head for a 3D printer;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an extruder head for a 3D printer;

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of AA structure;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the extrusion mechanism.

[0020] In the figure: 1. connecting plate; 2. horizontal plate; 3. front plate; 4. fixing column; 5. extrusion mechanism; 51. driving gear; 52. driven gear; 53. driving extrusion gear group; 54. driven extrusion gear assembly; 541. connecting column; 542. L-shaped plate; 543. clamping gear group; 55. pushing assembly; 551. U-shaped plate; 552. pushing screw; 56. first connecting block; 57. second connecting block; 58. feeding pipe; 6. driving member; 7. throat; 8. annular heat sink; 81. water tank; 82. water inlet pipe; 83. drain pipe; 84. fixing plate; 9. heating assembly; 91. fixing block; 92. heating rod; 10. nozzle; 11. L-shaped fixing plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an embodiment of the utility model provides an extruder head for a 3D printer, comprising: a connecting plate 1, a horizontal plate 2 vertically arranged at the bottom of the connecting plate 1, a front plate 3 located at the top of the horizontal plate 2 and parallel to the connecting plate 1, the front plate 3 is in contact with the top edge of the horizontal plate 2, and a plurality of fixing columns 4 connected between the front plate 3 and the connecting plate 1. In this embodiment, three fixing columns 4 are provided, and are respectively located at the lower left corner, upper right corner and lower right corner of the front plate 3; an extrusion mechanism 5 arranged between the front plate 3 and the connecting plate 1, a driving member 6 arranged at a side of the connecting plate 1 away from the front plate 3 and used to drive the extrusion mechanism 5 to rotate and discharge materials, the driving member 6 being electrically connected to the control system of the 3D printer, and located at the bottom of the horizontal plate 2 and vertically A throat 7 is provided, and the throat 7 is used to determine the transmission direction of the consumables. An annular heat sink 8 is provided outside the throat 7 and connected to the bottom of the horizontal plate 2. The annular heat sink 8 is used to dissipate heat from the front end of the throat 7, so that the consumables inside the front end of the throat 7 are in a solid state, ensuring that the consumables transmitted by the throat 7 can be stably output; a heating component 9 is provided outside the throat 7 and connected to the bottom of the annular heat sink 8. The heating component 9 is used to heat and melt the consumables entering the heating component 9, and a nozzle 10 is provided at the bottom of the heating component 9 and corresponds to and communicates with the throat 7. Feed ports corresponding to and communicated with the throat 7 and the extrusion mechanism 5 are provided on the horizontal plate 2, and the top end of the throat 7 contacts the bottom of the horizontal plate 2. In this embodiment, the throat 7 and the nozzle 10 are in a straight line with the extrusion direction of the consumables. The consumable enters the extrusion mechanism 5 and enters the throat 7 through the feed port on the horizontal plate 2. The motor drives the extrusion mechanism 5 to extrude the consumable and pushes the consumable from the throat 7 into the heating component 9. After the consumable is melted inside the heating component 9, it is extruded through the nozzle 10.

[0023] In order to facilitate connection with a 3D printer, an L-shaped fixing plate 11 is invertedly provided on the top of one side of the connecting plate 1 away from the front plate 3 .

[0024] like Figure 4 As shown, the extrusion mechanism 5 includes a driving gear 51 located on the front side of the connecting plate 1, and an axial hole matching the output shaft of the driving member 6 is opened on the connecting plate 1. The driving member 6 is a motor, and the motor is fixed to the back side of the connecting plate 1 by screws. In this embodiment, the side of the connecting plate 1 away from the front plate 3 is the back side, and the side close to the front plate 3 is the front side; the output shaft of the driving member 6 passes through the connecting plate 1 and is connected to the driving gear 51, and a driven gear 52 is rotatably connected between the connecting plate 1 and the front plate 3 and meshed with the driving gear 51. The driven gear 52 includes a first bearing adjacent to the driving gear 51 and a first shaft disposed on the driving gear 51. The connecting plate 1 and the front plate 3 are provided with shaft holes that are rotatably matched with the first bearing; the active extrusion gear set 53 is rotatably connected between the connecting plate 1 and the front plate 3 and meshed with the driven gear 52, and the active extrusion gear set 53 includes a second bearing rotatably connected with the connecting plate 1 and the front plate 3, and an extrusion gear set arranged on the second bearing and meshed with the gear on the driven gear 52, the second bearing is matched with the connecting plate 1 and the front plate 3 through the shaft hole to realize rotation, and the active extrusion gear set 53 is located obliquely below the driven gear 52; the rotatably arranged between the connecting plate 1 and the front plate 3 The driven extrusion gear assembly 54 is connected between the connecting plate 1 and the side wall of the front plate 3 and is opposite to the active extrusion gear assembly 53; the pushing assembly 55 is connected between the side wall of the connecting plate 1 and the side wall of the front plate 3 and is used to push the driven extrusion gear assembly 54 to approach the active extrusion gear assembly 53. The pushing assembly 55 can push the driven extrusion gear assembly 54 to rotate and move in the direction of the active extrusion gear assembly 53, thereby changing the spacing between the pressing gear assembly 543 on the driven extrusion gear assembly 54 and the active extrusion gear assembly 53 to achieve the extrusion of the consumables; and the first connecting member 52 is respectively arranged on one side of the front plate 3 close to the connecting plate 1. The connecting block 56 and the second connecting block 57, the first connecting block 56 is located above the second connecting block 57, the first connecting block 56 and the second connecting block 57 are in a rectangular structure, the first connecting block 56 and the second connecting block 57 are in a straight line, and the first connecting block 56 and the second connecting block 57 are respectively provided with feed holes corresponding to the discharge direction along the axial direction, the top of the first connecting block 56 is connected to a feed pipe 58 connected to the feed hole of the first connecting block 56, the bottom of the second connecting block 57 is in contact with the top of the cross plate 2, and the feed hole on the second connecting block 57 corresponds to and is connected to the feed port on the cross plate 2.

[0025] The driven extrusion gear assembly 54 includes a connecting column 541 connected between the connecting plate 1 and the front plate 3 and adjacent to the active gear 51, and an L-shaped plate 542 rotatably arranged on the connecting column 541. In this embodiment, the connecting column 541 is located at the upper left corner of the front plate 3, and the top end of the L-shaped plate 542 is sleeved on the connecting column 541, and can then rotate along the connecting column 541 to rotatably arrange a clamping gear group 543 on the inner side of the bottom of the L-shaped plate 542 and opposite to the active extrusion gear group 53. A through groove for installing the clamping gear group 543 is opened at the bottom of the L-shaped plate 542, and the rotating shaft of the clamping gear group 543 is rotatably matched with both sides of the through groove of the L-shaped plate 542. The consumables enter the first connecting block 56 from the feed pipe 58, and the driving member 6 drives the active gear 51 to rotate, thereby driving the active extrusion gear group 53 to rotate. The active extrusion gear group 53 cooperates with the clamping gear group 543 to extrude the consumables and push them into the feed hole of the second connecting block 57, and enter the throat 7 from the feed port on the cross plate 2.

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the pushing assembly 55 includes a U-shaped plate 551 and a pushing screw 552 threadedly connected to the middle of the U-shaped plate 551. The two sides of the U-shaped plate 551 are respectively connected to the side edges of the connecting plate 1 and the side edges of the front plate 3. The pushing screw 552 passes through the U-shaped plate 551 and contacts the outer wall of the L-shaped plate 542. In this embodiment, the end of the pushing screw 552 contacts the bottom outer wall of the L-shaped plate 542. The two side plates of the U-shaped plate 551 are respectively threadedly connected to the side edges of the connecting plate 1 and the side edges of the front plate 3 by screws. By rotating the pushing screw 552, the L-shaped plate 542 can be pushed to rotate along the connecting column 541, thereby changing the spacing between the pressing gear set 543 and the active extrusion gear set 53, which can adapt to consumables of different diameters.

[0027] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the annular heat sink 8 includes a water tank 81 annularly arranged on the outer wall of the throat 7 and connected to the bottom of the horizontal plate 2, the water tank 81 is connected to the bottom of the horizontal plate 2 by screws, a water inlet pipe 82 arranged on the top side of the water tank 81 and connected to the water tank 81, the water inlet pipe 82 is connected to the external cooling water passage, and a drain pipe 83 arranged on the bottom side of the water tank 81 and connected to the water tank 81, the drain pipe 83 is connected to the external drain passage, and a fixing plate 84 is arranged at the bottom of the water tank 81. The heating assembly 9 includes a fixing block 91 connected to the bottom of the fixing plate 84, and a heating rod 92 axially embedded in the fixing block 91, the end of the throat 7 away from the water tank 81 passes through the fixing plate 84 and is embedded in the fixing block 91, the heating rod 92 is electrically connected to the control system on the 3D printer, the nozzle 10 is connected to the bottom of the fixing block 91 and corresponds to the throat 7, and the fixing block 91 is axially provided with discharge holes respectively connected to the throat 7 and the nozzle 10.

[0028] In this embodiment, the diameter of the nozzle 10 is 1.5mm, which can extrude a large flow of consumables at one time to achieve high-flow extrusion; the consumables use 2.65mm consumables to ensure that more consumables are fed into the heating component 9 for melting per unit time, ensuring high-speed printing, and the heating rod 92 uses a 200W high-power heating rod to ensure that the consumables are melted in a timely and rapid manner.

[0029] When in use, the consumable enters the first connecting block 56 from the feed pipe 58, the driving member 6 drives the active gear 51 to rotate, and then drives the active extrusion gear group 53 to rotate, and the active extrusion gear group 53 cooperates with the clamping gear group 543 to extrude the consumable and push it into the feed hole of the second connecting block 57, and enters the throat 7 from the feed port on the cross plate 2, the water tank 81 dissipates heat from the front end of the throat 7, so that the consumable inside the front end of the throat 7 is in a solid state, ensuring that the consumable transmitted by the throat 7 can be output stably, and the consumable enters the heating component 9 through the throat 7, and the heating rod 92 is used to heat and melt the consumable entering the discharge hole, thereby ensuring the melting rate of the consumable under high-speed conditions. After the consumable is melted inside the heating component 9, it is extruded through the nozzle 10.

[0030] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An extruder head for a 3D printer, characterized in that: include: A connecting plate (1), a horizontal plate (2) vertically arranged at the bottom of the connecting plate (1), a front plate (3) located on the top of the horizontal plate (2) and parallel to the connecting plate (1), a plurality of fixing columns (4) connected between the front plate (3) and the connecting plate (1), an extrusion mechanism (5) arranged between the front plate (3) and the connecting plate (1), a driving member (6) arranged on a side of the connecting plate (1) away from the front plate (3) and used to drive the extrusion mechanism (5) to rotate and discharge materials, and a plurality of fixing columns (4) connected between the front plate (3) and the connecting plate (1). A throat (7) is vertically arranged at the bottom of the plate (2), an annular heat sink (8) is annularly arranged outside the throat (7) and connected to the bottom of the horizontal plate (2), a heating component (9) is arranged outside the throat (7) and connected to the bottom of the annular heat sink (8), and a nozzle (10) is arranged at the bottom of the heating component (9) and corresponds to and communicates with the throat (7), and the horizontal plate (2) is provided with a feed port corresponding to and communicated with the throat (7) and the extrusion mechanism (5), respectively.

2. The extruder head for a 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extrusion mechanism (5) comprises a driving gear (51) located at the front side of the connecting plate (1), a driven gear (52) rotatably connected between the connecting plate (1) and the front plate (3) and meshing with the driving gear (51), an active extrusion gear set (53) rotatably connected between the connecting plate (1) and the front plate (3) and meshing with the driven gear (52), a driven extrusion gear assembly (54) rotatably arranged between the connecting plate (1) and the front plate (3) and opposite to the active extrusion gear set (53), a pushing assembly (55) connected between the side wall of the connecting plate (1) and the side wall of the front plate (3) and used for pushing the driven extrusion gear assembly (54) toward the active extrusion gear set (53), and two driving gears (55) respectively arranged at intervals. The front plate (3) is provided with a first connecting block (56) and a second connecting block (57) on one side close to the connecting plate (1); the output shaft of the driving member (6) passes through the connecting plate (1) and is connected to the driving gear (51); the first connecting block (56) is located above the second connecting block (57); and the first connecting block (56) and the second connecting block (57) are respectively provided with a feeding hole corresponding to the discharge direction along the axial direction; the top of the first connecting block (56) is connected with a feeding pipe (58) connected to the feeding hole of the first connecting block (56); the bottom of the second connecting block (57) contacts the top of the transverse plate (2); and the feeding hole on the second connecting block (57) corresponds to and is connected to the feeding port on the transverse plate (2).

3. The extruder head for a 3D printer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driven extrusion gear assembly (54) comprises a connecting column (541) connected between the connecting plate (1) and the front plate (3) and adjacent to the driving gear (51), an L-shaped plate (542) rotatably arranged on the connecting column (541), and a clamping gear group (543) rotatably arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the L-shaped plate (542) and opposite to the driving extrusion gear group (53), and a through groove for mounting the clamping gear group (543) is provided at the bottom end of the L-shaped plate (542).

4. The extruder head for a 3D printer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pushing assembly (55) comprises a U-shaped plate (551) and a pushing screw (552) threadedly connected to the middle part of the U-shaped plate (551), the two sides of the U-shaped plate (551) are respectively connected to the side edges of the connecting plate (1) and the side edges of the front plate (3), and the pushing screw (552) passes through the U-shaped plate (551) and contacts the outer wall of the L-shaped plate (542).

5. The extrusion head for a 3D printer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The annular heat sink (8) comprises a water tank (81) annularly arranged on the outer wall of the throat (7) and connected to the bottom of the transverse plate (2), a water inlet pipe (82) arranged on the top side of the water tank (81) and connected to the water tank (81), and a drain pipe (83) arranged on the bottom side of the water tank (81) and connected to the water tank (81); a fixing plate (84) is arranged at the bottom of the water tank (81).

6. The extrusion head for a 3D printer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heating assembly (9) comprises a fixing block (91) connected to the bottom of the fixing plate (84), and a heating rod (92) axially embedded in the fixing block (91); the end of the throat (7) away from the water tank (81) passes through the fixing plate (84) and is embedded in the fixing block (91); the nozzle (10) is connected to the bottom of the fixing block (91) and corresponds to the throat (7); and the fixing block (91) is provided with discharge holes along the axial direction, which are respectively connected to the throat (7) and the nozzle (10).

7. The extruder head for a 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: An L-shaped fixing plate (11) is invertedly arranged on the top of one side of the connecting plate (1) away from the front plate (3).

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