Multi-pole heating electrode and melting furnace

Abstract

The utility model provides a multi-pole heat release electrode and a melting furnace. The multi-pole heat release electrode comprises an electrode plate (1), a main electrode bar (2), an arc starting bar (4) and a conductive side branch (5), a main electrode bar (2) is arranged on each electrode plate (1), the top ends of the main electrode bars (2) are connected through an arc striking bar (4), and conductive side branches (5) are arranged on the main electrode bars (2). The arc striking rod and the conductive side branches are used for conducting electricity and releasing heat, the electrode is provided with a plurality of heat release points, in the process of using the electrode, along with heating, the discharge center can continuously move downwards in the melting process, multi-pole heat release is achieved, and therefore the whole material is fully heated, the heating efficiency and the raw material utilization rate are improved, and energy is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to an exothermic electrode and a melting furnace, in particular to an electrode with multi-pole exothermicity and a melting furnace comprising the multi-pole exothermic electrode, belonging to the technical field of electrode application and electric arc furnace melting equipment. Background Art

[0002] Synthetic mica is an important non-metallic mineral material, widely used in electronics, electrical, machinery, chemical industry, aerospace and other fields. At present, the main preparation method of synthetic mica is the internal heating method, that is, using graphite electrodes as heating devices, and melting synthetic mica crystals through the high temperature generated by arc discharge. In this process, the discharge heating part of the graphite electrode creates a high temperature environment for the melt, so that the melt reaches the melting point and begins to melt, and the graphite electrode heats the material so that the material reaches a molten state.

[0003] In the existing synthetic mica preparation technology, a single graphite electrode is usually used as a heating device to melt the synthetic mica crystals through a high temperature field generated by arc discharge. Although this method can realize the melting of synthetic mica, in actual operation, the temperature field formed by the single heat release part is fixed, resulting in the shape of the crystals after the melt is cooled and crystallized to be a single, fixed disc-shaped shape. In addition, since the radial extension of the temperature field is greater than the vertical extension, in order to prevent the molten pool from contacting the kiln wall, the radial extension is often controlled, resulting in the formation of a raw material layer when the temperature of the raw material at the bottom of the kiln does not reach the crystallization standard during melting, resulting in a waste of large materials. At the same time, in order to accommodate the flat disc-shaped molten pool during melting, the synthetic mica melting furnace body must be designed as a flat butterfly or disc-shaped, with a large diameter and low height as the whole, and a low sphericity, which makes the furnace body occupy too much area. The electrode discharge center of this type of furnace is always located at the starting height, resulting in the formation of a flat melt. This design not only increases the floor space, but also leads to a waste of raw materials due to a large amount of unmelted raw materials at the bottom.

[0004] The melting furnace used in the existing synthetic mica preparation technology has the following main problems:

[0005] 1) First, the electrode heat release position of the melting furnace is single, and the temperature field in the furnace is fixed and cannot be adjusted, resulting in a fixed shape of crystals, affecting the melting yield and limiting its application in certain fields.

[0006] 2) Secondly, the furnace design for accommodating the molten pool during melting occupies too large an area, and the discharge position of the graphite electrode is always located at a fixed starting height; as a result, a large amount of lower raw materials cannot be fully melted to form a raw material layer, resulting in a large amount of waste, which is also an important shortcoming of the prior art.

[0007] Therefore, how to improve the design of graphite electrodes and use a melting furnace with excellent heating electrodes to control the crystal shape after the melt cools and crystallizes, thereby improving the utilization rate of raw materials and reducing energy consumption is an important issue facing the current artificial synthetic mica preparation technology. Utility Model Content

[0008] In view of the technical problem that the prior art has a single heat release position of the electrode, which causes uneven heating and waste of raw materials when used in a melting furnace, the utility model provides a multi-pole heat release electrode and a melting furnace. The multi-pole heat release electrode includes an electrode plate, a main electrode rod, an arc-starting rod, and a conductive side branch. A main electrode rod is provided on each of the electrode plates. The top of the main electrode rod is connected by an arc-starting rod. The main electrode rod is provided with a conductive side branch. Through the arc-starting rod and the conductive side branch, the electrode of the utility model has multiple heat release points. During the use of the electrode, as the heating proceeds, the discharge center can continuously move downward during the melting process, and the multi-pole heat release can achieve full heating of the entire material, improve the heating efficiency and raw material utilization rate, and save energy.

[0009] According to a first embodiment of the present invention, a multipolar exothermic electrode is provided.

[0010] A multi-electrode exothermic electrode, comprising a plurality of electrode plates, a main electrode rod, an arc-starting rod, and a conductive side branch. A main electrode rod is arranged on each of the electrode plates. The top ends of the main electrode rods are connected via the arc-starting rod. The conductive side branches are arranged on the main electrode rods.

[0011] Preferably, the electrode further comprises an electrode joint. The electrode comprises two electrode plates and two main electrode rods. A main electrode rod is arranged on each of the electrode plates. An electrode joint is arranged at the top of the main electrode rod. The electrode joints at the tops of the two main electrode rods are connected by an arc-starting rod. A heating element is arranged in the middle of the arc-starting rod.

[0012] Preferably, the electrode further comprises an electrode connector. The electrode comprises three electrode plates and three main electrode rods. A main electrode rod is arranged on each of the electrode plates. The three main electrode rods are arranged at an angle of 120°. An electrode connector is arranged at the top of the main electrode rod. Each electrode connector is connected to an arc-starting rod. The three arc-starting rods converge and connect at the center of the three main electrode rods. A heating element is arranged at the connection position.

[0013] Preferably, the electrode further comprises an electrode joint. The electrode comprises three electrode plates and three main electrode rods. A main electrode rod is arranged on each of the electrode plates. The three main electrode rods are arranged at an angle of 120°. An electrode joint is arranged at the top of the main electrode rod. The electrode joints at the tops of adjacent main electrode rods are connected by an arc-starting rod. A heating element is arranged in the middle of each arc-starting rod.

[0014] Preferably, each main electrode rod is provided with n conductive side branches, and the n conductive side branches are evenly arranged in the middle section of the main electrode rod.

[0015] Preferably, n is 1-20, preferably 2-10, and more preferably 3-8.

[0016] In the present invention, the conductive side branches are arranged in pairs or groups on the main electrode rods. Adjacent main electrode rods are provided with n pairs or n groups of conductive side branches.

[0017] Preferably, the spacing between the conductive side branches on adjacent main electrode rods is 20-1000 mm, preferably 50-800 mm, and more preferably 100-500 mm.

[0018] In the utility model, one end of the electrode plate is a power supply connection end, and the other end is a main electrode rod connection end. The main electrode rod is connected to the main electrode rod connection end of the electrode plate.

[0019] Preferably, a threaded hole is provided at the connecting end of the main electrode rod, a thread is provided at the bottom end of the main electrode rod, and the main electrode rod is connected to the electrode plate via the thread and the threaded hole.

[0020] In the present invention, the main electrode rod is a columnar structure and is provided with a side branch mounting hole.

[0021] Preferably, the main electrode rod is a variable diameter columnar structure with a diameter gradually decreasing from bottom to top.

[0022] In the present use model, the conductive side branches are plate-like structures, cylindrical structures, variable diameter cylindrical structures, prism structures, square column structures, circular ring structures or polygonal structures.

[0023] Preferably, the axial direction of the conductive side branch is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main electrode rod.

[0024] According to a second embodiment of the present invention, a melting furnace is provided.

[0025] A melting furnace comprises a furnace body and the multi-polar exothermic electrode described in the first embodiment.

[0026] Preferably, a two-phase electrode is provided in the furnace body. The two-phase electrode includes two electrode plates and two main electrode rods. A main electrode rod is provided on each of the electrode plates. An electrode connector is provided at the top of the main electrode rod. The electrode connectors at the tops of the two main electrode rods are connected by an arc-starting rod. A heating element is provided in the middle of the arc-starting rod.

[0027] Preferably, a three-phase electrode is provided in the furnace body. The three-phase electrode includes three electrode plates and three main electrode rods. A main electrode rod is provided on each of the electrode plates. The three main electrode rods are arranged at an angle of 120°. An electrode connector is provided at the top of the main electrode rod. Each electrode connector is connected to an arc-starting rod. The three arc-starting rods converge and connect at the center of the three main electrode rods. A heating element is provided at the connection position;

[0028] Preferably, a three-phase electrode is provided in the furnace body. The three-phase electrode includes three electrode plates and three main electrode rods. A main electrode rod is provided on each of the electrode plates. The three main electrode rods are arranged at an angle of 120°. An electrode connector is provided at the top of the main electrode rod. The electrode connectors at the tops of adjacent main electrode rods are connected by an arc-starting rod. A heating element is provided in the middle of each arc-starting rod.

[0029] In the present utility model, the electrode plate is connected to an external power source, the main electrode rod is arranged on the electrode plate, the tops of two, three or more main electrode rods are connected by an arc-starting rod, the arc-starting rod releases heat by itself, or releases heat through the heating element on the arc-starting rod, and the main electrode rod is provided with one or more groups of conductive side branches. The material melts under the action of the arc-starting rod or the heating element, and the molten material gradually flows downward. The conductive side branches located below the arc-starting rod and adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction are connected by the molten material, so that the conductive side branches conduct electricity and release heat, forming a multi-polar heat release state. The multi-stage heat release electrode of the utility model realizes multi-polar heat release during use, forms multiple heat release centers when heating the material, and heats the material at the same time. Moreover, the conductive side branches of the multi-polar heat release electrode are arranged at different height positions of the electrode in steps, so that materials at different positions can be heated at the same time, so that the heating of the material in the entire container (such as a melting furnace) is more uniform and sufficient, and the heating dead corners in the container are reduced.

[0030] In the present application, two electrode plates and two main electrode rods may be included. The top ends of the two main electrode rods are directly connected or connected through electrode joints, and the materials are heated by heat release through arc-starting rods or heating elements. One or more pairs of conductive side branches are arranged at different heights of the two main electrode rods to form at least two heat release centers. Figure 4 shown.

[0031] In this new use, it can include 3 electrode plates and 3 main electrode rods, and the top ends of the 3 main electrode rods are directly connected or connected through electrode joints. Among them, the top ends of the 3 main electrode rods can be connected to an arc-starting rod respectively, and the three arc-starting rods converge and connect at the center of the 3 main electrode rods. A heating element is provided at the connection position. Figure 5 As shown. The top ends of the three main electrode rods can also be connected to each other through an arc-starting rod, and a total of three arc-starting rods are used to connect the three main electrode rods. Each arc-starting rod is provided with a heating element. The arc-starting rod or the heating element releases heat to heat the material. Figure 6One or more groups of conductive side branches are arranged at different heights of the three main electrode rods (one conductive side branch is arranged at the same high speed position of each main electrode rod) to form at least four heat release centers.

[0032] In the present invention, the number of conductive side branches can be determined according to the heat required for heating the heating container or the material, and the number is not limited. Preferably, there are 1-20 branches, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5 branches, etc. are arranged on each main electrode rod.

[0033] In the present application, the connection method between the main electrode rod and the electrode plate is not limited, and welding, bonding, hinged connection or threaded connection can be adopted.

[0034] In the present invention, the connection method between the main electrode rod and the conductive side branch is not limited, and welding, bonding, hinged connection or threaded connection can be adopted.

[0035] In the present invention, the shapes of the electrode plate, the main electrode rod, the conductive side branch and the arc-starting rod are not limited, as long as they can achieve the conductive function, and can be plate-shaped, cylindrical, variable diameter cylindrical, prism, square column, ring or polygonal. It can be a full diameter structure or a variable diameter structure.

[0036] In the present invention, the materials of the electrode plates, main electrode rods, conductive side branches and arc-starting rods can be any conductors, and can be independently graphite, metal, alloy and the like.

[0037] In the present invention, the specifications and dimensions (length, diameter, width, etc.) of the electrode plate, main electrode rod, conductive side branch, and arc-starting rod are not restricted and can be set according to the actual use container.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0039] 1. The multi-stage exothermic electrode of the utility model has multiple exothermic centers and can release heat at different positions at the same time.

[0040] 2. The discharge center of the multi-stage exothermic electrode of the utility model can continuously move downward during the melting process, thereby achieving sufficient heating of the bottom raw material; it avoids the discharge center of the existing electrode always being located at the starting height, resulting in the formation of a flat disc-shaped melt, and can also make the melt develop downward as much as possible.

[0041] 3. The furnace diameter required for processing the same mass of melt using the melting furnace containing the multi-pole exothermic electrode of the utility model can be reduced to save floor space, or more melt can be formed using a furnace of the same diameter to improve production efficiency.

[0042] 4. By using a melting furnace containing the multi-pole exothermic electrode of the utility model, different parameters can be optimized according to the actual diameter and height of the furnace by adjusting the height and number of the side branches, so that the melt preparation process is more flexible and efficient, and energy is also saved.

[0043] 5. The multi-stage exothermic electrode of the utility model has a wide range of applications, and can be applied to fluorphlogopite preparation, electronic and electrical equipment manufacturing, machinery manufacturing, chemical metallurgy, building materials production, and environmental protection equipment manufacturing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the use of an electrode melting furnace in the prior art;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the use of a melting furnace with multi-pole exothermic electrodes according to the utility model;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-electrode exothermic electrode of the utility model;

[0047] Figure 4 It is a top view of a two-phase multi-pole exothermic electrode of the utility model;

[0048] Figure 5 It is a top view of a three-phase multi-pole exothermic electrode of the utility model;

[0049] Figure 6 It is a top view of another three-phase multi-pole exothermic electrode of the utility model;

[0050] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electrode plate in a multi-electrode exothermic electrode of the utility model;

[0051] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the main electrode rod in the multi-pole exothermic electrode of the utility model;

[0052] Fig. 9 The utility model is a schematic structural diagram of a conductive side branch in a multi-pole exothermic electrode.

[0053] Reference numerals:

[0054] 1: electrode plate; 2: main electrode rod; 201: mounting hole; 3: electrode joint; 4: arc-starting rod; 401: heating element; 5: conductive side branch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The technical solution of the present invention is illustrated below by way of example. The scope of protection requested for the present invention includes but is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, a multi-electrode exothermic electrode comprises a plurality of electrode plates 1, a main electrode rod 2, an arc-starting rod 4, and a conductive side branch 5. A main electrode rod 2 is disposed on each of the electrode plates 1. The top ends of the main electrode rods 2 are connected via the arc-starting rod 4. The conductive side branches 5 are disposed on the main electrode rods 2.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, a multipolar exothermic electrode comprises a plurality of electrode plates 1, a main electrode rod 2, an arc-starting rod 4, and a conductive side branch 5. A main electrode rod 2 is arranged on each of the electrode plates 1. The top of the main electrode rod 2 is connected by the arc-starting rod 4. The conductive side branch 5 is arranged on the main electrode rod 2. The electrode also comprises an electrode connector 3. The electrode comprises two electrode plates 1 and two main electrode rods 2. A main electrode rod 2 is arranged on each of the electrode plates 1. An electrode connector 3 is arranged on the top of the main electrode rod 2. The electrode connectors 3 at the tops of the two main electrode rods 2 are connected by an arc-starting rod 4. A heating element 401 is arranged in the middle of the arc-starting rod 4.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, the electrode also includes an electrode connector 3. The electrode includes three electrode plates 1 and three main electrode rods 2. A main electrode rod 2 is respectively arranged on each of the electrode plates 1. The three main electrode rods 2 are arranged at an angle of 120°. An electrode connector 3 is arranged at the top of the main electrode rod 2. Each electrode connector 3 is connected to an arc-starting rod 4. The three arc-starting rods 4 converge and connect at the center of the three main electrode rods 2. A heating element 401 is provided at the connection position.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] like Figure 4 As shown, the electrode also includes an electrode connector 3. The electrode includes three electrode plates 1 and three main electrode rods 2. A main electrode rod 2 is respectively arranged on each of the electrode plates 1. The three main electrode rods 2 are arranged at an angle of 120°. An electrode connector 3 is arranged at the top of the main electrode rod 2. The electrode connectors 3 at the tops of adjacent main electrode rods 2 are connected by an arc-starting rod 4. A heating element 401 is arranged in the middle of each arc-starting rod 4.

[0064] Example 5

[0065] The second embodiment is repeated, except that two conductive side branches 5 are provided on each main electrode rod 2, and the two conductive side branches 5 are evenly arranged in the middle section of the main electrode rod 2. Two pairs of conductive side branches 5 are arranged on the main electrode rod 2 in pairs.

[0066] Example 6

[0067] The embodiment 3 is repeated, except that three conductive side branches 5 are provided on each main electrode rod 2, and the three conductive side branches 5 are evenly arranged in the middle section of the main electrode rod 2. Three groups of conductive side branches 5 are arranged on the main electrode rod 2 in groups.

[0068] Example 7

[0069] The embodiment 4 is repeated, except that each main electrode rod 2 is provided with five conductive side branches 5, and the five conductive side branches 5 are evenly arranged in the middle section of the main electrode rod 2. Five groups of conductive side branches 5 are arranged on the main electrode rod 2 in groups.

[0070] Example 8

[0071] Example 5 is repeated, except that the spacing between the conductive side branches 5 on adjacent main electrode rods 2 is 20 mm.

[0072] Example 9

[0073] Example 6 is repeated, except that the spacing between the conductive side branches 5 on adjacent main electrode rods 2 is 200 mm.

[0074] Example 10

[0075] Example 7 is repeated, except that the spacing between the conductive side branches 5 on adjacent main electrode rods 2 is 500 mm.

[0076] Embodiment 11

[0077] Example 9 is repeated, except that one end of the electrode plate 1 is a power supply connection end, and the other end is a main electrode rod 2 connection end. The main electrode rod 2 is connected to the main electrode rod 2 connection end of the electrode plate 1. The main electrode rod 2 connection end is provided with a threaded hole, and the bottom end of the main electrode rod 2 is provided with a thread, and the main electrode rod 2 is connected to the electrode plate 1 through the thread and the threaded hole.

[0078] Example 12

[0079] The embodiment 11 is repeated, except that the main electrode rod 2 is a columnar structure. The main electrode rod 2 is provided with a side branch mounting hole 201 .

[0080] Example 13

[0081] Example 11 is repeated, except that the main electrode rod 2 is a variable diameter columnar structure with a diameter gradually decreasing from bottom to top.

[0082] Embodiment 14

[0083] The embodiment 13 is repeated, except that the conductive side branch 5 is a plate-like structure. The axial direction of the conductive side branch 5 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main electrode rod 2 .

[0084] Embodiment 15

[0085] The embodiment 13 is repeated, except that the conductive side branch 5 is a cylindrical structure. The axial direction of the conductive side branch 5 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main electrode rod 2 .

[0086] Example 16

[0087] The embodiment 13 is repeated, except that the conductive side branch 5 is a cylindrical structure with a variable diameter. The axial direction of the conductive side branch 5 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main electrode rod 2 .

[0088] Embodiment 17

[0089] The embodiment 13 is repeated, except that the conductive side branch 5 is a prism structure. The axial direction of the conductive side branch 5 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main electrode rod 2 .

[0090] Embodiment 18

[0091] Example 13 is repeated, except that the conductive side branch 5 is a square column structure. The axial direction of the conductive side branch 5 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main electrode rod 2.

[0092] Embodiment 19

[0093] The embodiment 13 is repeated, except that the conductive side branches 5 are of a circular ring structure, and the conductive side branches 5 of the circular ring structure are projected on the outer periphery of the main electrode rod 2. The axial direction of the conductive side branches 5 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main electrode rod 2.

[0094] Embodiment 20

[0095] The embodiment 13 is repeated, except that the conductive side branches 5 are of a quadrilateral structure. The conductive side branches 5 of the quadrilateral structure are projected on the outer periphery of the main electrode rod 2. The axial direction of the conductive side branches 5 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main electrode rod 2.

[0096] Embodiment 21

[0097] Example 14 is repeated, except that the electrode plate 1 is a graphite electrode plate, the main electrode rod 2 is a graphite electrode rod, and the conductive side branches 5 are graphite conductive side branches.

[0098] Embodiment 22

[0099] Example 14 is repeated, except that the electrode plate 1 is a copper electrode plate, the main electrode rod 2 is a graphite electrode rod, and the conductive side branches 5 are copper conductive side branches.

[0100] Embodiment 23

[0101] Example 14 is repeated, except that the electrode plate 1 is a graphite electrode plate, the main electrode rod 2 is a copper electrode rod, and the conductive side branches 5 are alloy conductive side branches.

[0102] Embodiment 24

[0103] A melting furnace comprises a furnace body and the multi-pole exothermic electrode described in Example 2.

[0104] Embodiment 25

[0105] A melting furnace comprises a furnace body and the multi-pole exothermic electrode described in Example 3.

[0106] Use Example

[0107] Step 1: Select a 1500mm long graphite electrode with a diameter of 50mm. Extend three sets of side branches at different heights of 300, 600, and 900mm from the middle of the electrode. The side branches are cylindrical with an equal diameter of 30mm. Each set of side branches points horizontally to the central axis of the furnace body, and the distance between the tips of the side branches is 200mm.

[0108] Step 2: Load the prepared raw materials into the melting furnace, making sure that the side branches of the electrode can contact the raw materials.

[0109] Step 3: Start the melting process. The initial input heating power is controlled in the range of 200-220KW, and the center melt temperature is controlled in the range of 1380-1450℃.

[0110] Step 4: During the melting process, keep the input power and the furnace temperature of the central melt unchanged. During the natural expansion of the melt, it will successively contact the side branches at 300, 600, and 900 mm below, so as to realize the continuous downward movement of the discharge center.

[0111] In the second stage of melting, as the melt develops and contacts the side branches 300mm below, the side branches are connected due to the presence of melt and the circuit has the basic property of tip discharge, and a new parallel circuit is formed between the graphite electrodes. Since the input voltage remains unchanged, there are two parallel circuits in the furnace at the same time, and the current of each circuit is 1 / 2 of the main current, and the discharge center moves downward.

[0112] In the third stage of melting, as the melt develops and contacts the side branches 600mm below, the side branches are connected due to the presence of melt and the basic nature of the circuit with tip discharge, forming a new parallel circuit. Since the input voltage remains unchanged, there are three parallel circuits in the furnace at the same time, and the current of each circuit is 1 / 3 of the main current, and the discharge center moves downward and continues to move downward.

[0113] In the fourth stage of melting, as the melt develops and contacts the side branches 900mm below, the loop between the side branches is connected due to the presence of the melt and the basic nature of the circuit with tip discharge, which is equivalent to forming a new parallel circuit. Since the input voltage remains unchanged, there are 4 parallel circuits in the furnace at the same time, and the current of each circuit is 1 / 4 of the main current. The discharge center eventually moves down to a position 450mm away from the tip. With this shape of graphite electrode, the discharge center can be continuously moved downward during the melting process, thereby achieving sufficient heating of the bottom raw material, while avoiding the discharge center always being at the starting height, resulting in the formation of a flat disc-shaped melt.

Claims

1. A multipolar exothermic electrode, characterized in that: The electrode comprises a plurality of electrode plates (1), a main electrode rod (2), an arc-starting rod (4), and a conductive side branch (5); a main electrode rod (2) is arranged on each of the electrode plates (1), the top end of the main electrode rod (2) is connected via the arc-starting rod (4), and the conductive side branch (5) is arranged on the main electrode rod (2); One end of the electrode plate (1) is a power supply connection end, and the other end is a main electrode rod (2) connection end; the main electrode rod (2) is connected to the main electrode rod (2) connection end of the electrode plate (1); each main electrode rod (2) is provided with n conductive side branches (5), and the n conductive side branches (5) are evenly arranged in the middle section of the main electrode rod (2); n is 1-20.

2. The multipolar exothermic electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode also includes an electrode connector (3); the electrode includes two electrode plates (1) and two main electrode rods (2); a main electrode rod (2) is provided on each of the electrode plates (1), the top end of the main electrode rod (2) is provided with an electrode connector (3), the electrode connectors (3) at the top ends of the two main electrode rods (2) are connected via an arc-starting rod (4), and a heating element (401) is provided in the middle of the arc-starting rod (4).

3. The multipolar exothermic electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode further comprises an electrode connector (3); the electrode comprises three electrode plates (1) and three main electrode rods (2); a main electrode rod (2) is respectively arranged on each of the electrode plates (1), and the three main electrode rods (2) are arranged at an angle of 120°; an electrode connector (3) is arranged at the top of the main electrode rod (2), each electrode connector (3) is connected to an arc-starting rod (4), and the three arc-starting rods (4) converge and connect at the center of the three main electrode rods (2), and a heating element (401) is provided at the connection position; Alternatively, the electrode joints (3) at the top ends of adjacent main electrode rods (2) are connected via an arc-starting rod (4), and a heating element (401) is provided in the middle of each arc-starting rod (4).

4. The multipolar exothermic electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: n is 2-10.

5. The multipolar exothermic electrode according to claim 4, characterized in that: n is 3-8.

6. The multipolar exothermic electrode according to claim 4, characterized in that: The conductive side branches (5) are arranged in pairs or groups on the main electrode rods (2); n pairs or n groups of conductive side branches (5) are arranged on adjacent main electrode rods (2).

7. The multipolar exothermic electrode according to claim 6, characterized in that: The spacing between the conductive side branches (5) on adjacent main electrode rods (2) is 20-1000 mm.

8. The multipolar exothermic electrode according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spacing between the conductive side branches (5) on adjacent main electrode rods (2) is 50-800 mm.

9. The multipolar exothermic electrode according to claim 8, characterized in that: The spacing between the conductive side branches (5) on adjacent main electrode rods (2) is 100-500 mm.

10. The multipolar exothermic electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 to 9, characterized in that: A threaded hole is provided at the connection end of the main electrode rod (2), a thread is provided at the bottom end of the main electrode rod (2), and the main electrode rod (2) is connected to the electrode plate (1) via the thread and the threaded hole.

11. The multipolar exothermic electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 to 9, characterized in that: The main electrode rod (2) is a columnar structure, and a side branch mounting hole (201) is provided on the main electrode rod (2); and / or The conductive side branches (5) are of a plate-like structure, a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical structure with a variable diameter, a prism structure, a square column structure, a circular ring structure or a polygonal structure.

12. The multipolar exothermic electrode according to claim 11, characterized in that: The main electrode rod (2) is a variable diameter columnar structure with a diameter gradually decreasing from bottom to top; and / or The axial direction of the conductive side branch (5) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main electrode rod (2).

13. A melting furnace, comprising a furnace body and the multi-polar exothermic electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The melting furnace according to claim 13, characterized in that: A two-phase electrode is provided in the furnace body, and the two-phase electrode comprises two electrode plates (1) and two main electrode rods (2); a main electrode rod (2) is provided on each of the electrode plates (1), an electrode connector (3) is provided at the top of the main electrode rod (2), the electrode connectors (3) at the tops of the two main electrode rods (2) are connected via an arc-starting rod (4), and a heating element (401) is provided in the middle of the arc-starting rod (4).

15. The melting furnace according to claim 13, characterized in that: A three-phase electrode is provided in the furnace body, and the three-phase electrode comprises three electrode plates (1) and three main electrode rods (2); a main electrode rod (2) is provided on each of the electrode plates (1), and the three main electrode rods (2) are arranged at an angle of 120°; an electrode connector (3) is provided at the top of the main electrode rod (2), each electrode connector (3) is connected to an arc-starting rod (4), and the three arc-starting rods (4) converge and connect at the center of the three main electrode rods (2), and a heating element (401) is provided at the connection position; Alternatively, the electrode connectors (3) at the top ends of adjacent main electrode rods (2) are connected via an arc-starting rod (4), and a heating element (401) is provided in the middle of each arc-starting rod (4).

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