Heat dissipation structure of open type hydrogen fuel cell

Abstract

The utility model provides a heat dissipation structure of an open type hydrogen fuel cell, relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and aims to solve the problem that the environment temperature is not considered in the heat dissipation of a hydrogen fuel cell stack in the prior art. The heat dissipation structure of the open type hydrogen fuel cell comprises a positive electrode heat dissipation fan, a negative electrode heat dissipation fan, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a controller, the positive electrode heat dissipation fan and the negative electrode heat dissipation fan are arranged at the left end and the right end of the fuel cell respectively, and the rotation directions of the positive electrode heat dissipation fan and the negative electrode heat dissipation fan are opposite; the first temperature sensor is arranged at an inlet of the antipolar cooling fan, the second temperature sensor is arranged on a polar plate in the fuel cell, and the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the positive cooling fan and the antipolar cooling fan are all connected with the controller. The heat dissipation structure correctly judges the heat dissipation demand quantity of the fuel cell, reduces the heat dissipation demand power of the fuel cell, reduces the energy waste, and improves the heat dissipation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a heat dissipation structure of an open hydrogen fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] Under the background of dual carbon, hydrogen energy, as a clean energy with large reserves, low pollution, high calorific value and renewable energy, provides an important way for decarbonization of various industries. At present, the application of hydrogen energy has penetrated into all aspects of traditional energy, mainly in the fields of transportation and industry. At the same time, hydrogen energy is also widely used in the fields of construction, power generation, military and so on. In the field of transportation, hydrogen energy can be used as fuel cell fuel for hydrogen fuel cell backup power supply, hydrogen fuel cell passenger cars, buses, etc. In the industrial field, it can replace multiple links of the traditional chemical industry, in the construction field, it can replace traditional fuels for heating, and in the power generation field, hydrogen energy can be converted into electricity through fuel cells.

[0003] The so-called hydrogen fuel cell technology refers to a power generation device that converts the chemical energy contained in the fuel into electrical energy through electrochemistry. The single cell structure consists of two positive and negative electrodes, fuel and oxidant, and electrolyte. There are two diaphragms on both sides of the electrolyte, which can respectively perform hydrogen oxidation and hydrogen reduction reactions, and then generate electrical energy when electrons pass through the external load. If only hydrogen is used as fuel, water is obtained through chemical reactions, and zero emissions can be achieved.

[0004] Air-cooled fuel cells are favored by many hydrogen fuel emergency power supplies, backup power supplies, and two-wheeled electric vehicles due to their small size, light weight, and low noise. Currently, the heat dissipation performance of existing open hydrogen fuel cells is poor. The patent application document with application number 201810666383.4 discloses a cathode open fuel cell assembly with dual airflow capability. The upstream air that passes through the active zone of the fuel cell provides oxidant and helps cool the fuel cell. The downstream air that is taken in provides additional cooling and helps achieve uniform heat distribution in the fuel cell stack. The stability and durability of the fuel cell stack are advantageously improved. However, although this fuel cell assembly can improve the uniform heat distribution inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack, the ambient temperature factor is not considered in actual use. At different ambient temperatures, the heat dissipation capacity of the fan is different, so a more intelligent and reliable heat dissipation system is needed. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a heat dissipation structure of an open hydrogen fuel cell to solve the problem that the heat dissipation of the hydrogen fuel cell stack in the prior art does not take the ambient temperature into consideration. The heat dissipation structure of the open hydrogen fuel cell of the utility model correctly judges the heat dissipation demand of the fuel cell, reduces the heat dissipation power demand of the fuel cell, reduces energy waste, improves heat dissipation efficiency, improves the adaptability of the fuel cell in different environments, and effectively improves the life and application range of the fuel cell.

[0006] The utility model provides a heat dissipation structure of an open hydrogen fuel cell, comprising a positive pole heat dissipation fan, a reverse pole heat dissipation fan, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a controller, wherein the positive pole heat dissipation fan and the reverse pole heat dissipation fan are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the fuel cell and the rotation directions of the positive pole heat dissipation fan and the reverse pole heat dissipation fan are opposite, the first temperature sensor is arranged at the inlet of the reverse pole heat dissipation fan, and the second temperature sensor is arranged on the electrode plate inside the fuel cell, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the positive pole heat dissipation fan and the reverse pole heat dissipation fan are all connected to the controller, the controller controls the rotation speed of the reverse pole heat dissipation fan according to the ambient temperature detected by the first temperature sensor, and the controller controls the rotation speed of the positive pole heat dissipation fan according to the electrode plate temperature detected by the second temperature sensor.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the utility model, filters are provided at the inlets of the positive cooling fan and the negative cooling fan, and the filters are provided at one end away from the positive cooling fan or the negative cooling fan and away from the fuel cell.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the utility model, the fuel cell includes a front end plate, a rear end plate and a battery plate, the front end plate and the rear end plate are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the battery plate, and the front end plate and the rear end plate are connected by a plurality of fastening bolts passing through the battery plate.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the utility model, a control panel is arranged on the front side of the fuel cell, a plurality of control buttons are arranged on the control panel, and the control panel is arranged on the front end panel and connected to the controller.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the utility model, a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet are arranged on the rear end plate, and the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are connected to the interior of the fuel cell.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following positive effects:

[0012] The heat dissipation structure of an open hydrogen fuel cell provided by the utility model comprises a positive pole heat dissipation fan, a reverse pole heat dissipation fan, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor and a controller, wherein the positive pole heat dissipation fan and the reverse pole heat dissipation fan are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the fuel cell and the rotation directions of the positive pole heat dissipation fan and the reverse pole heat dissipation fan are opposite, the first temperature sensor is arranged at the entrance of the reverse pole heat dissipation fan, the second temperature sensor is arranged on the plate inside the fuel cell, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the positive pole heat dissipation fan and the reverse pole heat dissipation fan are all connected to the controller, the controller controls the rotation speed of the reverse pole heat dissipation fan according to the ambient temperature detected by the first temperature sensor, and the controller controls the rotation speed of the positive pole heat dissipation fan according to the plate temperature detected by the second temperature sensor. The heat dissipation structure of an open hydrogen fuel cell of the utility model detects the change of ambient temperature through the first temperature sensor, adjusts the rotation speed of the reverse pole heat dissipation fan, and is used for heat dissipation of the fuel cell; the second temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the plate after the fuel cell is cooled, and the controller gives a heat dissipation range to the positive pole heat dissipation fan by detecting the plate temperature of the fuel cell, and within the control range, the heat dissipation of the positive pole heat dissipation fan is proportional to the temperature of the plate, effectively reducing the risk of damage to the fuel cell due to excessive temperature, and also avoiding energy waste. The positive pole cooling fan and the reverse pole cooling fan rotate in opposite directions, which reduces the noise of the fuel cell, adjusts the internal heat of the fuel cell, and makes the heat generated by the fuel cell evenly distributed. The first temperature sensor in the utility model detects the ambient temperature, and the second temperature sensor detects the plate temperature, which clarifies the temperature environment under the operation state of the fuel cell. The controller adjusts the heat dissipation of the positive pole cooling fan and the reverse pole cooling fan at this time, correctly judges the heat dissipation demand of the fuel cell, reduces the heat dissipation demand power of the fuel cell, reduces energy waste, improves heat dissipation efficiency, improves the adaptability of the fuel cell in different environments, and effectively improves the life and application range of the fuel cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0014] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the heat dissipation structure of the open hydrogen fuel cell of the utility model from a first perspective;

[0015] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the heat dissipation structure of the open hydrogen fuel cell of the utility model from a second viewing angle;

[0016] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rear interior of the heat dissipation structure of the open hydrogen fuel cell of the present utility model.

[0017] In the figure: 1. fuel cell; 2. positive electrode cooling fan; 3. negative electrode cooling fan; 4. filter; 5. front end plate; 6. rear end plate; 61. hydrogen inlet; 62. hydrogen outlet; 63. fastening bolts; 7. control panel; 8. first temperature sensor; 9. second temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more; the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "front end", "back end", "head", "tail" and the like indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplification, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0020] The specific implementation of the utility model is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Embodiment 1:

[0022] This embodiment provides an open hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation structure, such as Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, it includes a positive cooling fan 2, a reverse cooling fan 3, a first temperature sensor 8, a second temperature sensor 9 and a controller. The positive cooling fan 2 and the reverse cooling fan 3 are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the fuel cell 1, and the rotation directions of the positive cooling fan 2 and the reverse cooling fan 3 are opposite. The controller is arranged on the front side of the fuel cell 1, the first temperature sensor 8 is arranged at the entrance of the reverse cooling fan 3, and the second temperature sensor 9 is arranged on the plate inside the fuel cell 1. The first temperature sensor 8, the second temperature sensor 9, the positive cooling fan 2 and the reverse cooling fan 3 are all connected to the controller. The controller controls the speed of the reverse cooling fan 3 according to the ambient temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 8. The controller controls the speed of the positive cooling fan 2 according to the plate temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 9. The first temperature sensor 8 detects the ambient temperature, and the controller gives an initial value to the reverse cooling fan 3, and determines the initial heat dissipation demand of the fuel cell according to the initial value.

[0023] The heat dissipation structure of the open hydrogen fuel cell of this embodiment detects the change of the ambient temperature through the first temperature sensor 8, and adjusts the rotation speed of the reverse polarity heat dissipation fan 3 for the heat dissipation of the fuel cell; the second temperature sensor 9 is used to detect the temperature of the plate after the fuel cell is cooled. The controller detects the plate temperature of the fuel cell and gives the positive polarity heat dissipation fan 2 a heat dissipation range. Within the control range, the heat dissipation of the positive polarity heat dissipation fan 2 is proportional to the plate temperature, which effectively reduces the risk of damage to the fuel cell due to excessive temperature and avoids energy waste. The positive polarity heat dissipation fan 2 and the reverse polarity heat dissipation fan 3 rotate in opposite directions, which reduces the noise of the fuel cell, adjusts the internal heat of the fuel cell, and makes the heat generated by the fuel cell evenly distributed.

[0024] In this embodiment, the first temperature sensor 8 detects the ambient temperature, and the second temperature sensor 9 detects the plate temperature, which clarifies the temperature environment when the fuel cell is in operation. The controller adjusts the heat dissipation of the positive cooling fan 2 and the negative cooling fan 3 at this time, correctly judges the heat dissipation demand of the fuel cell, reduces the heat dissipation demand power of the fuel cell, reduces energy waste, improves heat dissipation efficiency, improves the adaptability of the fuel cell in different environments, and effectively improves the life and application range of the fuel cell.

[0025] Preferably, a filter 4 is provided at the inlet of the positive cooling fan 2 and the negative cooling fan 3, and the filter 4 is provided at the end away from the positive cooling fan 2 or the negative cooling fan 3 and away from the fuel cell 1. The filter 4 is a mesh sheet, which can prevent mosquitoes and small particles from entering the fuel cell, and effectively reduce the risk of short circuit of the fuel cell due to external factors.

[0026] Preferably, the fuel cell 1 includes a front end plate 5, a rear end plate 6 and a battery plate, the front end plate 5 and the rear end plate 6 are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the battery plate, and the front end plate 5 and the rear end plate 6 are connected through the battery plate by a plurality of fastening bolts 63. The fuel cell 1 includes a fuel cell plate and an MEA assembly in the middle, and the assembly is completed by fastening bolts 63.

[0027] Preferably, a control panel 7 is provided on the front side of the fuel cell 1, and a plurality of control buttons are provided on the control panel 7. The control panel 7 is provided on the front end plate 5 and connected to the controller. The control panel 7 is connected to the front end plate 5 by a plurality of bolts. The control panel 7 displays the sensed temperatures of the first temperature sensor 8 and the second temperature sensor 9, and the working states of the positive electrode cooling fan 2 and the negative electrode cooling fan 3 can be conveniently adjusted through the control buttons on the control panel 7.

[0028] Preferably, a hydrogen inlet 61 and a hydrogen outlet 62 are provided on the rear end plate 6 , and the hydrogen inlet 61 and the hydrogen outlet 62 are communicated with the interior of the fuel cell 1 .

[0029] The implementation process of the heat dissipation structure of the open hydrogen fuel cell of this embodiment is as follows:

[0030] Before the fuel cell is running, the first temperature sensor 8 detects the ambient temperature and determines the operating state of the fuel cell. When the first temperature sensor 8 detects that the ambient temperature is 30℃-50℃, the controller controls the reverse polarity cooling fan to operate at 3 times the normal heat dissipation; when the detected ambient temperature is 10-30℃, the reverse polarity cooling fan operates normally; when the detected ambient temperature is 0-10℃, the reverse polarity cooling fan operates at 0.5 times the normal heat dissipation; when the detected ambient temperature is -10℃-0℃, the reverse polarity cooling fan does not operate; when the detected ambient temperature is lower than -10℃ or higher than 50℃, the fuel cell does not operate. Among them, the normal heat dissipation can be adjusted as needed.

[0031] When the fuel cell is not started, the positive electrode cooling fan will not start;

[0032] After the fuel cell is started, the second temperature sensor 9 detects the plate temperature of the fuel cell and determines the operating state of the positive cooling fan 2. When the second temperature sensor 9 detects that the plate temperature is greater than 50°C, the positive cooling fan operates at twice the normal heat dissipation; when the detected plate temperature is 10-50°C, the positive cooling fan operates with the heat dissipation proportional to the temperature; when the detected plate temperature is 0-10°C, the positive cooling fan 2 operates at the normal heat dissipation; when the detected plate temperature is -10°C-0°C, the positive cooling fan 2 does not operate. Among them, the normal heat dissipation can be adjusted as needed.

[0033] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the creative concept of the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat dissipation structure of an open hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises a positive cooling fan (2), a negative cooling fan (3), a first temperature sensor (8), a second temperature sensor (9) and a controller. The positive cooling fan (2) and the negative cooling fan (3) are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the fuel cell (1), and the rotation directions of the positive cooling fan (2) and the negative cooling fan (3) are opposite. The first temperature sensor (8) is arranged at the inlet of the negative cooling fan (3), and the second temperature sensor (9) is arranged on the electrode plate inside the fuel cell (1). The first temperature sensor (8), the second temperature sensor (9), the positive cooling fan (2) and the negative cooling fan (3) are all connected to the controller. The controller controls the rotation speed of the negative cooling fan (3) according to the ambient temperature detected by the first temperature sensor (8), and the controller controls the rotation speed of the positive cooling fan (2) according to the electrode plate temperature detected by the second temperature sensor (9).

2. The heat dissipation structure of an open hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter (4) is provided at the inlet of the positive pole cooling fan (2) and the negative pole cooling fan (3), and the filter (4) is provided at an end away from the positive pole cooling fan (2) or the negative pole cooling fan (3) and away from the fuel cell (1).

3. The heat dissipation structure of an open hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell (1) comprises a front end plate (5), a rear end plate (6) and a battery plate, wherein the front end plate (5) and the rear end plate (6) are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the battery plate, and the front end plate (5) and the rear end plate (6) are connected by a plurality of fastening bolts (63) passing through the battery plate.

4. The heat dissipation structure of an open hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: A control panel (7) is arranged on the front side of the fuel cell (1), a plurality of control buttons are arranged on the control panel (7), and the control panel (7) is arranged on the front end plate (5) and connected to the controller.

5. The heat dissipation structure of an open hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: A hydrogen inlet (61) and a hydrogen outlet (62) are provided on the rear end plate (6), and the hydrogen inlet (61) and the hydrogen outlet (62) are connected to the interior of the fuel cell (1).

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