Diameter-variable reamer
By designing a variable diameter reamer, the adjustment of blade spacing and the coordination of the push core rotary nuts, the problem of frequent reamer replacement in bone reaming is solved, the surgical efficiency and convenience are improved, and the risk of infection and patient healing cycle is reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421361920.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-02
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-14
AI Technical Summary
The existing bone reamers use fixed diameters, which leads to the need to frequently replace reamers of different diameters during bone reaming. The steps are complicated, inefficient and workload are large, which increases the risk of infection and the labor intensity of the doctor.
A variable diameter reamer is designed to adjust the blade diameter through the adjustable relative spacing of the blade. The combination of the push core and the rotating nut is used to realize the internal shrinkage and expansion of the blade, and adapt to the cutouts of different sizes.
During the operation, the reamer can freely adjust the diameter according to actual needs, which reduces the patient's healing cycle, reduces the risk of infection and the cleaning and sterilization of surgical instruments, and improves the convenience and efficiency of the operation.
Smart Images
Figure CN222815819U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of clinical medical instruments, in particular to a reamer with a variable diameter. Background Art
[0002] At present, conventional bone reamers are composed of a fixed reamer rod and a handle, which can be used to perform fixed diameter reaming at the surgical site. For spinal discectomy surgery, the reamer enters the lesion site through a pre-hole near the spinal disc before cutting. The front end of the reamer guides the blade into the bone tissue to form a hole on the bone that is consistent with the reamer diameter. If the hole diameter needs to be increased, a reamer with a larger diameter needs to be used to repeat this step.
[0003] Conventional bone reamers use a fixed diameter. When cutting the surgical site, large-diameter incisions need to be replaced with bone reamers of different diameters several times to gradually increase the size of the hole. Due to the frequent replacement of instruments during the operation, there are many steps in which different instruments contact human tissues, which can easily lead to bacterial infection. Frequent replacement of instruments also increases the doctor's labor intensity and the workload of cleaning and sterilization in the preoperative instrument preparation stage. In addition, the guide edge at the end of the fixed-size reamer participates most in the cutting work, while the other parts participate less in the cutting work, resulting in uneven tool wear. Utility Model Content
[0004] The utility model aims to provide a variable diameter reamer to solve the problems in the prior art of complicated steps, low efficiency and heavy workload caused by using reamers of different diameters when expanding holes in bones.
[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the variable diameter reamer involved in the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
[0006] A variable diameter reamer comprises an insert sleeve extending in a first direction, one end of which is an insertion end for inserting into an intraoperative incision; a push core, a guide stopper inserted in the insert sleeve and capable of reciprocating in the first direction, an end of the push core close to the insertion end having a transverse guide structure, the transverse guide structure extending in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; a guide column fixedly connected to the insertion end of the insert sleeve, the outer surface of the guide column being smoothly transitionally connected to the outer surface of the insert sleeve, an accommodating groove being provided on the end surface close to the insertion end and communicating with the inner hole of the insert sleeve, the accommodating groove extending in the second direction and penetrating the corresponding side wall of the guide column, an oblique guide structure being provided on the groove wall, the extension direction of the oblique guide structure being parallel to the plane where the first direction and the second direction are located, and being aligned with the first direction and the second direction. The two directions extend obliquely at a set angle; two blades are movably arranged side by side in the accommodating groove along a third direction, the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, the outer side of the blade has a cutting edge, and the side wall thereof is provided with a first guiding structure which is guided and assembled with the oblique guiding structure, and the end close to the insertion end has a second guiding structure which is guided and assembled with the transverse guiding structure; an adjusting block is movably assembled on the insert cylinder, and cooperates with the push core transmission to adjust the position of the push core in the insert cylinder along the first direction; when the push core is guided and moved along the first direction by the adjustment block, the push core can push the two blades to approach each other relatively inwardly along the guiding direction of the transverse guiding structure and the oblique guiding structure and to be obliquely retracted into the accommodating groove of the guide column, and to move away from each other outwardly and expand obliquely outward to the outer side of the guide column.
[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the lateral guide structure includes a guide groove opened on the side wall of the push core close to the insertion end, and there are two guide grooves, which are symmetrically arranged on the opposite side walls of the push core along the third direction; the second guide structure is composed of an inward-facing convex edge arranged at the end of the blade, and the inward-facing convex edge is hooked and cooperated with the guide groove along the first direction, and guides the movable assembly along the second direction.
[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the oblique guiding structure includes oblique protrusions arranged on both side walls of the accommodating groove, the first guiding structure includes an oblique guide groove opened on the corresponding side wall of the blade, and the oblique protrusion and the oblique guide groove are guided and assembled.
[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the adjustment block is a rotating block rotatably assembled on the insert cylinder, the rotating block and the insert cylinder are matched to stop and limit along the first direction, the side wall of the push core is provided with an external thread, and the rotating block cooperates with the push core thread to adjust the position of the push core along the first direction when the rotating block is rotated.
[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the rotating block is a rotating nut sleeved on the push core.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a through groove extending radially through the insert sleeve is formed at the end of the insert sleeve, the inner hole of the insert sleeve is connected to the through groove, and the rotating nut is arranged in the through groove.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the end of the inserting tube facing away from the insertion end has a gripping handle, and the through slot is arranged on the gripping handle.
[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the guide column is consistent with the diameter of the insert.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a connecting slot is provided on the side wall of the insertion end of the insert tube, and the slot wall of the receiving slot of the guide column is fitted on the connecting slot. A mating plane is cut on the side wall of the push core near the insertion end, and the mating plane is fitted with the slot wall of the receiving slot to achieve anti-rotation assembly of the push core and the insert tube.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment, a locking hole extending through the inside and outside is provided on the side wall of the insert tube, and a locking screw is screwed into the locking hole to cooperate with the fastening nail of the outer wall of the push core.
[0016] As described above, the utility model has the following beneficial effects: compared with the prior art, the variable diameter reamer designed by the utility model can freely adjust the relative spacing of the blades to adjust the diameter of the cutting edge. During the surgical cutting process, the blade edge is first pulled inward along the oblique guide structure by the push core, and the horizontal displacement is compensated by the lateral guide structure. The blade shrinks inside the guide column, and then the insert is inserted into the lesion site, which reduces the size of the incision site during the operation, effectively reduces the patient's healing cycle, and during the residual cutting process, the reamer diameter can be expanded and reduced according to actual needs, reducing the frequency of contact between the channel site tissue and different instruments, and the expansion can be completed without replacing the same instrument, which increases the convenience of the operation. At the same time, it effectively reduces the risk of infection during the operation, reduces the workload of cleaning and sterilizing instruments, reduces the size of the surgical incision site, reduces the patient's healing cycle, reduces the amount of surgical beveling, optimizes the surgical process, shortens the operation time, and reduces the risk of blood loss in patients to a certain extent. The reamer edge can be replaced and re-sharpened after wear, reducing instrument loss and reducing the cost of surgical instrument use.
[0017] At the same time, the structure of the insert and guide column is adopted, and the reamer is hidden in the guide column and expanded outward from the guide column, which can further reduce the overall diameter of the instrument entering the incision and avoid squeezing and impacting the incision. At the same time, each part is easy to assemble and disassemble, with a simple structure and smooth movement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the utility model, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiment:
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a specific embodiment of a variable diameter reamer of the utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle part;
[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Half-section of
[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle;
[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the middle insert tube and the grip handle;
[0024] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of point C in the middle;
[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating nut;
[0026] Figure 8 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle thrust core;
[0027] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 A partial enlarged view of point D in the middle;
[0028] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 A front view of
[0029] Fig.11 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle guide column;
[0030] Fig.12 for Fig.11 Half-section of
[0031] Fig.13 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a single blade.
[0032] Description of reference numerals:
[0033] 1-insert tube; 11-inner hole; 12-connection slot;
[0034] 2-push core; 21-matching plane; 22-guide groove;
[0035] 3-guide column; 31-accommodating groove; 32-oblique protrusion;
[0036] 4-blade; 41-inward convex edge; 42-oblique guide groove; 43-blade;
[0037] 5-holding handle; 51-through slot; 52-locking screw; 53-locking hole;
[0038] 6- Rotate the nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] In order to make the technical purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of the utility model clearer, the technical solution of the utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the utility model and are not used to limit the utility model, that is, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the utility model described and shown herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0040] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "first", "second" and similar words do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or it can be the internal communication of two elements, which can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "up", "down", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are only for illustrative purposes and do not represent the only implementation method.
[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.
[0042] The specific embodiment of the variable diameter reamer involved in the utility model is as follows Figures 1 to 13 As shown, the variable diameter reamer comprises an insert 1, a core pusher 2, a guide column 3, two blades 4, an adjustment block, etc., which are assembled together.
[0043] In this embodiment, for the convenience of description, the first direction is defined as the up-down direction, the second direction is defined as the front-back direction, and the third direction is defined as the left-right direction.
[0044] Among them, Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the insert tube 1 is the basic carrier of all other components. It is a circular cylindrical structure as a whole, extending in the up and down directions. The inner hole 11 is a straight circular hole extending up and down. The lower end is an insertion end for inserting into the intraoperative incision, and the upper end has a gripping handle 5 for medical staff to operate and hold. The gripping handle 5 is a block structure extending laterally in the horizontal direction as a whole, which is convenient for people to hold and operate the insert tube 1.
[0045] A push core 2 is provided in the insert tube 1 to prevent rotation. Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 8 , Fig. 9 As shown, the push core 2 is a long bar structure, which can be assembled with the insert tube 1 in the up-down direction and reciprocate. The lower end of the push core 2 has a transverse guide structure, which extends in the front-back direction. In this embodiment, the transverse guide structure includes a guide groove 22 opened on the side wall of the push core 2 near the lower end. There are two guide grooves 22, which are symmetrically arranged on the opposite side walls of the push core 2 in the left-right direction. The upper end of the push core 2 extends into the through groove 51 of the gripping handle 5, and the side wall of the extending part is provided with an external thread.
[0046] The above-mentioned adjustment block is movably assembled on the insert tube 1, and cooperates with the push core 2 in transmission to adjust the position of the push core 2 in the insert tube 1 along the up-down direction. Specifically, the gripping handle 5 is a special-shaped plate structure, and a through slot 51 is opened on its plate surface to pass through the left and right sides, and the lower side surface in the through slot 51 is connected with the inner hole 11 of the insert tube 1. The above-mentioned adjustment block is a rotating block rotatably assembled in the through slot 51, and the rotating block cooperates with the insert tube 1 to stop and limit in the up-down direction, that is, the rotating block is limited by the upper and lower side walls of the through slot 51. More preferably, the rotating block is a rotating nut 6 sleeved on the push core 2, and the rotating nut 6 has an internal threaded hole, and the internal threaded hole cooperates with the external threaded hole, so that when the rotating nut 6 rotates, the push core 2 that is assembled with the insert tube 1 to stop rotation is driven to move in the up-down direction.
[0047] Through the assembly method of the insert cylinder 1, the push core 2, the rotating nut 6, and the holding handle 5, when the rotating block is turned in the forward direction, since the push core 2 and the insert cylinder 1 are assembled to prevent rotation, the rotating nut 6 and the through groove 51 are matched to stop and limit, so the upper and lower positions of the rotating nut 6 remain unchanged, and the push core 2 is driven by the rotating nut 6 to move up and down, so that the position of the lower end of the push core 2 can be adjusted.
[0048] The structure of the guide column 3 is as follows: Figure 1-4 , Fig.11 and Fig.12As shown, it is fixedly connected to the insertion end of the insert tube 1, and the outer surface of the guide column 3 is smoothly transitioned to the outer surface of the insert tube 1. More preferably, the diameter of the guide column 3 is consistent with the diameter of the insert tube 1. In other embodiments, the diameter of the guide column 3 may be smaller than the diameter of the insert tube 1. The two can be connected by welding, bonding, or other detachable connection forms such as threaded connection, without specific limitation. A receiving groove 31 is downwardly opened on the upper end surface of the guide column 3, which is connected to the inner hole 11 of the insert tube 1. The receiving groove 31 extends in the front-to-back direction and passes through the front and rear side walls of the guide column 3. The receiving groove 31 is for the push core 2 to be inserted, and is also used to accommodate two blades 4.
[0049] In order to realize the connection between the insert tube 1 and the guide column 3, in this embodiment, connecting slots 12 are cut upward on the left and right side walls of the lower end of the insert tube 1, and the connecting slots 12 pass through the inner hole 11 of the insert tube 1. At the same time, the spacing between the groove surfaces of the connecting slots 12 on both sides is consistent with the groove width of the above-mentioned accommodating groove 31, so that the guide column 3 and the insert tube 1 can be guided and plugged in the up and down directions. At the same time, the groove wall of the accommodating groove 31 is relatively fitted with the groove wall of the connecting slot 12, and in order to meet the stop between the insert tube 1 and the push core 2 For rotational assembly, the width of the above-mentioned accommodating groove 31 is smaller than the diameter of the push core 2. At the same time, two matching planes 21 are cut into two on both sides of the left and right sides of the lower end of the push core 2 along the front-to-back direction. The spacing between the two matching planes 21 is consistent with the groove width of the accommodating groove 31, so that the connecting slot 12 and the matching plane 21 can be assembled on the same plane, and then the guide column 3 and the insert tube 1 are assembled, so that the groove wall of the accommodating groove 31 is fitted with the matching plane 21 of the push core 2 to achieve limit stopping, thereby the push core 2 and the insert tube 1 are assembled to stop rotation.
[0050] An oblique guiding structure is provided on the groove wall of the above-mentioned accommodating groove 31, and the extension direction of the oblique guiding structure is parallel to the plane where the up-down direction and the front-back direction are located, and extends obliquely at a set angle with the up-down direction and the front-back direction; specifically, the oblique guiding structure includes oblique protrusions 32 arranged on the side walls of the accommodating groove 31, one of the oblique protrusions 32 gradually extends obliquely toward the front from top to bottom, and the other oblique protrusion 32 gradually extends obliquely toward the rear from top to bottom.
[0051] The structures of the two blades 4 are as follows: Figure 4 and Fig.13As shown, the two are movably arranged side by side in the accommodating groove 31 along the left-right direction, and are guided and assembled with the guide groove 22. One side of the blade 4 has a blade edge 43, and the side wall of the blade 4 close to the accommodating groove 31 has a first guiding structure guided and assembled with the oblique protrusion 32, and the upper end of the blade 4 has a second guiding structure guided and assembled with the guide groove 22; specifically in this embodiment, the first guiding structure includes an oblique guide groove 42 opened on the corresponding side wall of the blade 4, and the oblique protrusion 32 and the oblique guide groove 42 are guided and assembled; the second guiding structure is composed of an inward-facing convex edge 41 arranged at the end of the blade 4, and the inward-facing convex edge 41 is hooked and matched with the guide groove 22 in the up-down direction, and is guided and movably assembled in the front-back direction.
[0052] A locking hole 53 extending through the inside and outside is provided on the side wall of the gripping handle 5 , and a locking screw 52 is screwed into the locking hole 53 to cooperate with the outer wall of the push core 2 .
[0053] When the push core 2 is driven by the rotating nut 6 to move in the up and down directions, the push core 2 can push the two blades 4 along the guiding direction of the guide groove 22 and the oblique protrusion 32 to move relatively close to each other inward and retract obliquely into the accommodating groove 31 of the guide column 3, and move away from each other outward and expand obliquely outward to the outside of the guide column 3.
[0054] When the variable diameter reamer is inserted into the incision, the two blades 4 are guided by the oblique protrusions 32 and the guide grooves 22 to move relatively close to each other and retract into the receiving grooves 31 . The diameter of the lower end of the reamer is the overall diameter of the guide column 3 . When the reamer 2 is inserted into the incision, the rotating nut 6 is adjusted in the positive direction according to the size of the expanded hole. The rotating nut 6 rotates, thereby driving the push core 2 to extend downward. During the extension of the push core 2, the two blades 4 are squeezed downward to move downward, and the two blades 4 are guided by the oblique protrusions 32, and extend out of the receiving groove 31 of the guide column 3 in an outward and inverse direction. At the same time, through the guidance of the guide groove 22, the movement component in the horizontal direction when the blade 4 moves obliquely is adapted; when the size between the blade edges 43 of the two blades 4 meets the size of the expanded hole, the adjustment of the rotating nut 6 is stopped. At this time, the locking screw 52 is adjusted and the locking screw 52 is nailed to the push core 2, so that the position of the push core 2 can be fixed, and the rotating nut 6 can be avoided from being operated incorrectly; when the reamer needs to be taken out after the expansion is completed, the tightening screw is loosened, the rotating nut 6 is rotated in the reverse direction, and the push core 2 moves upward, driving the two blades 4 to approach obliquely in the reverse direction, and operate into the receiving groove 31, and then the reamer can be taken out.
[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate but not limit the technical solutions of the present utility model. Any equivalent substitutions of the present utility model and any modifications or partial substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present utility model should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present utility model.
Claims
1. Variable diameter reamer, characterized in that: include An insertion tube extends along a first direction, one end of which is an insertion end for inserting into an intraoperative incision; A push core, a guide stopper, is inserted in the inserting tube and can reciprocate along a first direction. An end of the push core close to the insertion end has a transverse guide structure, and the transverse guide structure extends along a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; A guide post is fixedly connected to the insertion end of the insert tube, the outer surface of the guide post is smoothly transitionally connected to the outer surface of the insert tube, and a receiving groove that penetrates the inner hole of the insert tube is provided on the end surface close to the insertion end, and the receiving groove extends along the second direction and penetrates the corresponding side wall of the guide post, and an oblique guiding structure is provided on the groove wall of the receiving groove, and the extension direction of the oblique guiding structure is parallel to the plane where the first direction and the second direction are located, and extends obliquely at a set angle with the first direction and the second direction; Two blades are movably arranged side by side in the receiving groove along a third direction, the third direction being perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, the blades have cutting edges on the outer sides, the side walls of the blades are provided with a first guiding structure which is guided and assembled with the oblique guiding structure, and the ends close to the insertion ends are provided with a second guiding structure which is guided and assembled with the transverse guiding structure; An adjustment block is movably assembled on the insert cylinder and cooperates with the push core transmission to adjust the position of the push core in the insert cylinder along the first direction; When the push core is driven by the adjustment block and guided to move along the first direction, the push core can push the two blades to move relatively closer inward along the guiding direction of the transverse guiding structure and the oblique guiding structure and retract obliquely into the accommodating groove of the guide column, and move away from each other outward and expand obliquely outward to the outside of the guide column.
2. The variable diameter reamer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral guiding structure includes a guiding groove provided on the side wall of the push core close to the insertion end, and there are two guiding grooves which are symmetrically arranged on the opposite side walls of the push core along the third direction; the second guiding structure is composed of an inwardly buckled convex edge provided at the end of the blade, and the inwardly buckled convex edge is hooked and cooperated with the guiding groove along the first direction, and guides the movable assembly along the second direction.
3. The variable diameter reamer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The oblique guiding structure includes oblique protrusions arranged on the side walls of both sides of the accommodating groove, the first guiding structure includes an oblique guiding groove opened on the corresponding side wall of the blade, and the oblique protrusion and the oblique guiding groove are guided and assembled.
4. The variable diameter reamer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The adjustment block is a rotating block rotatably assembled on the insert cylinder, the rotating block and the insert cylinder are matched to stop and limit along the first direction, the side wall of the push core is provided with an external thread, the rotating block and the push core thread are matched to adjust the position of the push core along the first direction when the rotating block is rotated.
5. The variable diameter reamer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotating block is a rotating nut sleeved on the push core.
6. The variable diameter reamer according to claim 5, characterized in that: A through slot which penetrates in the radial direction of the inserting tube is formed at the end of the inserting tube, the inner hole of the inserting tube penetrates the through slot, and the rotating nut is arranged in the through slot.
7. The variable diameter reamer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end of the inserting tube facing away from the insertion end is provided with a gripping handle, and the through slot is arranged on the gripping handle.
8. The variable diameter reamer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the guide column is consistent with the diameter of the insert sleeve.
9. The variable diameter reamer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The side wall of the insertion end of the insert tube is provided with a connecting slot, the groove wall of the receiving groove of the guide column is fitted on the connecting slot, and the side wall of the push core near the insertion end is flatly cut with a matching plane, and the matching plane is fitted with the groove wall of the receiving groove to achieve anti-rotation assembly of the push core and the insert tube.
10. The variable diameter reamer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A locking hole extending through the inside and outside is arranged on the side wall of the inserting tube, and a locking screw cooperating with the fastening nail of the outer wall of the push core is screwed into the locking hole.