Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model provides a photovoltaic assembly. The photovoltaic module comprises a laminated piece and a frame, the peripheral side wall of the laminated piece is coated with the frame; the laminated piece comprises a cover plate, a battery layer and a packaging adhesive film layer arranged on at least one surface of the battery layer, the packaging adhesive film layer is located between the cover plate and the battery layer; the battery layer comprises at least one battery string, and the battery string comprises a plurality of battery pieces which are connected in series; the adjacent battery pieces are electrically connected through a welding strip; and the surface of each battery piece is provided with an identification structure. According to the utility model, by arranging the identification structure on each battery piece, the identification positioning and information recording effects of the battery pieces can be realized through the identification structures, so that the process of testing the battery pieces to obtain information is omitted, the proper battery pieces can be matched more accurately and efficiently in the production process of the photovoltaic module, and the production efficiency of the photovoltaic module is improved. And the product quality and the production efficiency of the photovoltaic module are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a photovoltaic component. Background Art

[0002] Information identification of photovoltaic products is an important measure to realize the informatization of the photovoltaic industry chain.

[0003] At present, the entire photovoltaic module can be identified by adding an identification code to the photovoltaic module or its packaging to obtain relevant product information of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the battery cell can be tested by a testing device to obtain the product information of the battery cell.

[0004] However, a photovoltaic module is composed of multiple solar cells. The detailed information of a single solar cell cannot be identified only through the identification code of the photovoltaic module, and it is time-consuming and labor-intensive to test the solar cells using a testing device. As a result, it is difficult to quickly and accurately match the appropriate solar cells during the production process of photovoltaic modules, resulting in low production efficiency of the production line. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model provides a photovoltaic assembly to solve the problem in the prior art that it is difficult to quickly and accurately match suitable solar cells during the production process of the photovoltaic assembly, resulting in low production efficiency of the production line.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the utility model is achieved as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the utility model provides a photovoltaic assembly, comprising:

[0008] A laminate and a frame; the frame is coated on the circumferential side wall of the laminate;

[0009] The laminate comprises: a cover plate, a battery layer, and a packaging film layer disposed on at least one side of the battery layer; the packaging film layer is located between the cover plate and the battery layer;

[0010] The battery layer includes at least one battery string, and the battery string includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series; adjacent battery cells are electrically connected by welding strips;

[0011] A marking structure is arranged on the surface of each battery cell.

[0012] Optionally, the identification structure is arranged on the front and / or back of the battery cell;

[0013] The identification structure does not overlap with the welding strip arranged on the battery cell, but overlaps with the grid line arranged on the battery cell;

[0014] Alternatively, the identification structure does not overlap with the welding strips and grid lines arranged on the battery cell.

[0015] Optionally, when the photovoltaic module is a single-glass photovoltaic module, the identification structure is arranged on the front side of the cell;

[0016] When the photovoltaic module is a double-glass photovoltaic module, the identification structure is arranged on the front and / or back of the battery cell.

[0017] Optionally, the shape of the identification structure includes one or more of a circle, a rectangle, and an irregular shape; the identification structure is one or more of a QR code, a barcode, a data matrix code, a MaxiCode, and a PDF417 code.

[0018] Optionally, the identification structure is generated by laser processing on the surface of the battery cell.

[0019] Optionally, the identification structure is composed of a groove, and the extended shape of the groove includes one or more of a point, a line, an arc, a circle, and a semicircle;

[0020] The depth of the groove is less than or equal to 7 μm;

[0021] The width of the groove is less than or equal to 100 μm.

[0022] Optionally, the area of ​​the marking structure is 0.25 mm 2 Up to 400mm 2 .

[0023] Optionally, the ratio of the area of ​​the identification structure to the area of ​​the battery cell is 0.001% to 2.7%.

[0024] Optionally, the side length of the identification structure is 0.5 mm to 20 mm.

[0025] Optionally, the ratio of the side length of the identification structure to the long side length of the battery cell is 0.2% to 12%;

[0026] The ratio of the side length of the identification structure to the short side length of the battery cell is 0.4% to 23%.

[0027] Optionally, the ratio of the long side length to the short side length of the photovoltaic module is x1, 1.3≤x1≤2.2; the ratio of the short side length to the long side length of the photovoltaic module is x2, 0.4≤x2≤0.8;

[0028] The thickness of the frame is 25 mm to 35 mm.

[0029] Optionally, the ratio of the long side length to the short side length of the battery cell is x3, 1.5≤x3≤2.1; the ratio of the short side length to the long side length of the battery cell is x4, 0.4≤x4≤0.7;

[0030] The thickness of the battery cell is 80 μm to 150 μm.

[0031] Optionally, when the cell includes a main grid, the cell is provided with a main grid and a fine grid, the long side direction of the cell is consistent with the extension direction of the fine grid of the cell; the short side direction of the cell is consistent with the extension direction of the main grid of the cell; the long side direction of the photovoltaic module is consistent with the extension direction of the main grid of the cell; the short side direction of the photovoltaic module is consistent with the extension direction of the fine grid of the cell;

[0032] When the battery cell does not include a main grid, a fine grid is provided on the battery cell, the long side direction of the battery cell is consistent with the extension direction of the fine grid of the battery cell; the short side direction of the battery cell is perpendicular to the extension direction of the fine grid of the battery cell; the long side direction of the photovoltaic module is perpendicular to the extension direction of the fine grid of the battery cell; the short side direction of the photovoltaic module is consistent with the extension direction of the fine grid of the battery cell.

[0033] Optionally, the total number of battery strings is 4 to 6;

[0034] The string spacing between adjacent battery strings is 0.2 mm to 3 mm;

[0035] The number of battery cells included in each battery string is 9 to 12;

[0036] The distance between adjacent battery cells is -0.2 mm to 1.5 mm.

[0037] Optionally, the battery cell is a whole cell or a half cell, and the half cell is obtained by cutting the whole cell along the central axis of the long side.

[0038] Optionally, the information recorded in the identification structure includes: one or more of the photoelectric conversion efficiency, color grading, output power, fill factor, open circuit voltage, short circuit current, production line, production batch, production date, and production process of the battery cell.

[0039] Optionally, an identification code is provided in the identification structure, and the identification code is used to obtain one or more of component parameters, component materials, process information, manufacturing process information, and raw material information of the photovoltaic component.

[0040] The utility model provides an identification structure on each battery cell, so as to realize the effect of identification positioning and information recording of the battery cell through the identification structure, thereby eliminating the process of testing the battery cell to obtain information. In the production process of photovoltaic modules, suitable battery cells can be matched more accurately and efficiently, thereby improving the product quality and production efficiency of photovoltaic modules. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the utility model will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 A top view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a laminate according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a connection diagram of a battery string according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of another laminated component described in an embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can also be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the utility model provides a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module includes: a laminate 10 and a frame 20; the frame 20 is coated on the circumferential side wall of the laminate 10; further referring to Figure 2 The laminate 10 includes: a cover plate 11, a battery layer 12, and a packaging film layer 13 disposed on at least one side of the battery layer 12; the packaging film layer 13 is between the cover plate 11 and the battery layer 12; further referring to Figure 3The battery layer 12 includes at least one battery string 121, and the battery string 121 includes a plurality of battery cells 30 connected in series; adjacent battery cells 30 are electrically connected by welding strips 31; and an identification structure 40 is provided on the surface of each battery cell 30.

[0048] The photovoltaic module is a module formed by electrically connecting multiple solar cells (common photovoltaic modules include at least 100 cells). First, multiple cells 30 can be connected in series to form a cell string 121, and then at least one cell string 121 is connected to form a cell layer 12. The surface of the cell layer 12 can be sealed and insulated from the outside by the packaging film layer 13. Then, the cover plate 11 is set on the side of the packaging film layer 13 away from the cell layer 12 to form a laminate 10. The cover plate 11 can protect the cell layer 12. The frame 20 is coated on the circumferential side wall of the laminate 10 to protect and support the circumferential side wall of the laminate 10. In addition, the frame 20 can also facilitate the assembly of the photovoltaic module with other components (such as brackets, roof purlins, etc.).

[0049] The power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules is similar to the principle of the wooden barrel, that is, the large difference in the photoelectric conversion efficiency between individual cells in the photovoltaic module will affect the overall power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module, and will also cause uneven heating of the photovoltaic module, affecting the service life of the photovoltaic module. If the cells with power generation efficiency problems can be accurately found, these problems can be solved by replacing them with cells that match the photoelectric conversion efficiency of each cell in the photovoltaic module. Therefore, how to accurately locate the cells of the photovoltaic module and identify the information of the cells in the photovoltaic module is an important means to solve the above problems.

[0050] In an embodiment of the utility model, an identification structure 40 can be set on the surface of each battery cell 30, and the identification structure 40 can be used to identify the battery cell 30, so that the embodiment of the utility model can locate the battery cell 30 and identify the information of the battery cell 30 through the identification structure 40.

[0051] Specifically, the identification structure may include detailed working parameters of the cell, such as photoelectric conversion efficiency, color grading, output power, fill factor, open circuit voltage, short circuit current, etc. Through this information, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell can be more accurately identified, and the positioning and information identification of a single cell can be achieved, so that high-quality cells can be more accurately matched during the production process of photovoltaic modules.

[0052] It should be noted that, preferably, the identification structure is set at the upper right corner of the battery cell. In one implementation, the identification structure may include a graphic code (such as a QR code, a barcode, a data matrix code, a MaxiCode, a PDF417 code, etc.), and the relevant information of the battery cell can be obtained by scanning the graphic code; in another implementation, the identification structure can directly record the relevant information of the battery cell in the form of characters.

[0053] In summary, in the embodiments of the utility model, by setting an identification structure on each battery cell, the identification structure can be used to achieve the effect of identification positioning and information recording of the battery cell, thereby eliminating the process of testing the battery cell to obtain information. In the production process of photovoltaic modules, suitable battery cells can be matched more accurately and efficiently, thereby improving the product quality and production efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0054] Optional, see Figure 3 , the identification structure 40 is arranged on the front and / or back of the battery cell 30; the identification structure 40 does not overlap with the welding strip 31 arranged on the battery cell 30, and overlaps with the grid line 50 arranged on the battery cell 30; or the identification structure 40 does not overlap with the welding strip 31 and the grid line 50 arranged on the battery cell 30 ( Figure 3 The identification structure 40 shown does not overlap with the soldering strip 31 and the gate line 50 ).

[0055] In the embodiment of the utility model, the identification structure 40 can be set on the front and / or back of the battery cell 30 to play the role of identifying the battery cell. Preferably, the identification structure can be set only on one side of the battery cell, which can minimize the obstruction of the battery cell surface and improve the output power of the battery cell.

[0056] In addition, refer to Figure 3 The surface of the battery cell 30 is also provided with a welding strip 31 and a gate line 50 ( Figure 3The grid lines 50 of the cell include a main grid 51 and a fine grid 52), the welding strip 31 is used to connect adjacent cells in series to form a cell string, and the grid lines 50 play the role of collecting, transmitting, and gathering the carriers in the cell. In the embodiment of the utility model, during the process of manufacturing photovoltaic modules of the cell, the welding strip 31 will be attached to the grid lines 50 on the cell. If the welding strip 31 overlaps with the identification structure 40, it will block the identification structure 40, affecting the identification of the identification structure 40, resulting in the identification structure 40 cannot be identified, and also affecting the welding quality of the welding strip 31. In one case, the identification structure 40 does not overlap with the welding strip 31 and the main grid 51 set on the cell 30, but can overlap with the fine grid 52 on the cell 30. In another case, the identification structure 40 on the surface of the battery cell 30 does not overlap with the welding strip 31 and the gate line 50 set on the battery cell 30, so as to avoid the identification structure 40 blocking and damaging the welding strip 31 and the gate line 50, thereby ensuring the welding quality of the welding strip and the normal operation of the gate line.

[0057] Optional, see Figure 4 When the photovoltaic module is a single-glass photovoltaic module, the identification structure is set on the front of the cell; refer to Figure 2 When the photovoltaic module is a double-glass photovoltaic module, the identification structure is arranged on the front and / or back of the battery cell.

[0058] Specifically, photovoltaic modules can be divided into single-glass photovoltaic modules and double-glass photovoltaic modules based on their structures. Single-glass photovoltaic modules have a transparent glass cover on the front and a non-transparent cover on the back; double-glass photovoltaic modules have transparent glass cover on both the front and back.

[0059] For single-glass photovoltaic modules, the identification structure is set on the front side of the cell, so that the identification structure can be displayed to the outside through the transparent glass cover on the front side of the cell; specifically, if the cell is an emitter and rear passivation (PERC, Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell) / tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon, Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) / heterojunction structure (HJT, Heterojunction) cell under a single-glass photovoltaic module, the identification structure can be set on the front side of the cell; if the cell is a back contact (BC, back contact) type cell (a cell with no grid lines on the front side and the grid lines are set on the back side of the cell), the identification structure can be set on the front side of the cell.

[0060] For double-glass photovoltaic modules, the identification structure is set on the front and / or back of the cell, so that the identification structure can be displayed to the outside through the transparent glass cover plates on both sides of the cell; specifically, if the cell is a PERC / TOPCon / HJT cell, the identification structure can be set on the front of the cell or on the back of the cell, preferably on the front of the cell; if the cell is a BC type cell, the identification structure can be set on the back of the cell. This is because if the identification structure is set on the front of the double-glass BC cell, it will affect the anti-reflection ability of the cell, thereby affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell.

[0061] Optionally, the shape of the identification structure includes one or more of a circle, a rectangle, and an irregular shape; the identification structure is one or more of a QR code, a barcode, a data matrix code, a MaxiCode, and a PDF417 code.

[0062] The utility model embodiment Figures 1 to 4 The example in which the shape of the identification structure is a rectangle is shown. The embodiment of the utility model does not specifically limit the shape of the identification structure. Preferably, the shape of the identification structure is a regular shape. The identification structure can be one or more of graphic codes such as a two-dimensional code, a barcode, a data matrix code, a MaxiCode, a PDF417 code, etc. The information recorded in the identification structure can be obtained by scanning the identification structure with a corresponding scanning device.

[0063] Optionally, the identification structure is generated by laser processing on the surface of the battery cell.

[0064] In the embodiment of the utility model, the identification structure can be generated by laser etching equipment on the surface of the battery cell. Laser etching can efficiently carve out the identification structure on the surface of the battery cell, and due to the high-precision characteristics of laser etching, the clarity of the identification structure is also improved, thereby improving the identification effect of the identification structure. In the embodiment of the utility model, the system side can integrate the relevant information of the battery cell and upload it to the database, and generate a pattern style (such as a QR code) corresponding to the battery cell information, and then the pattern style can be etched on the battery cell by laser etching to obtain the identification structure.

[0065] It should be noted that the identification structure can also be an independent structural layer and fixed on the surface of the battery cell by bonding or other means. For example, the identification structure can be a patch with an adhesive function on one side and an identification function on the other side, which can be fixed on the surface of the battery cell by bonding.

[0066] Optionally, the identification structure is composed of a groove, and the extended shape of the groove includes one or more of a point, a line, an arc, a circle, and a semicircle; the depth of the groove is less than or equal to 7μm, specifically, the depth of the groove can be any value of 0.1μm, 0.2μm, 0.5μm, 1μm, 2μm, 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, and 7μm; the width of the groove is less than or equal to 100μm. Specifically, the width of the groove can be any value among 0.2μm, 0.4μm, 0.6μm, 0.8μm, 1μm, 2μm, 5μm, 10μm, 15μm, 20μm, 25μm, 30μm, 35μm, 40μm, 45μm, 50μm, 55μm, 60μm, 65μm, 70μm, 75μm, 80μm, 85μm, 90μm, 95μm, and 100μm.

[0067] In the embodiment of the utility model, laser etching is an etching operation performed along the thickness direction of the silicon wafer by a laser beam emitted by a device facing the silicon wafer surface (or the battery cell surface), so that a groove can be processed on the surface of the silicon wafer. Specifically, the processing method using the laser includes but is not limited to point, straight line, broken line or curve processing methods, and the extended shape of the groove includes one or more of point, line, arc, circle, and semicircle. Reasonable groove depth and groove width can avoid causing too much damage to the battery cell surface on the basis of ensuring the processing of a clear identification structure.

[0068] Optionally, the area of ​​the marking structure is 0.25 mm 2 Up to 400mm 2 Specifically, the area of ​​the marking structure can be any value among 0.25μm, 0.36μm, 0.49μm, 0.64μm, 0.81μm, 1μm, 1.21μm, 1.44μm, 1.69μm, 1.96μm, 2.25μm, 4μm, 9μm, 16μm, 25μm, 36μm, 49μm, 64μm, 81μm, 100μm, 121μm, 144μm, 169μm, 196μm, 225μm, 256μm, 289μm, 324μm, 361μm, and 400μm.

[0069] Optionally, the ratio of the area of ​​the identification structure to the area of ​​the battery cell is 0.001% to 2.7%. Specifically, the ratio of the area of ​​the identification structure to the area of ​​the battery cell can be any value of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7.

[0070] In the embodiment of the utility model, the area requirement of the identification structure is to make the area of ​​the identification structure as small as possible on the basis of ensuring that the identification structure can be normally identified, so as to avoid excessive damage and obstruction to the surface of the battery cell, thereby improving the output efficiency of the battery cell.

[0071] If professional identification structure recognition equipment is available, the identification structure recognition equipment can recognize smaller identification structures, and the area of ​​the identification structure is preferably 0.25mm 2 Up to 1.44mm 2 .

[0072] If there is no professional identification equipment, the area of ​​the identification structure is preferably 4mm 2 Up to 25mm 2 .

[0073] Optionally, the side length of the identification structure is 0.5 mm to 20 mm. Specifically, the side length of the identification structure can be any value of 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, 15 mm, 16 mm, 17 mm, 18 mm, 19 mm, and 20 mm. In the embodiment of the utility model, in order to ensure the recognition effect of the identification structure, the size of the identification structure is not easy to be set too small. However, considering that a too large identification structure may damage the battery cell and affect the product performance, the side length of the identification structure can be set to 0.5mm to 20mm; preferably, the side length of the identification structure can be set to 0.5mm to 1.2mm, or 2mm to 5mm. The more appropriate side length of the identification structure can make the identification structure as small as possible while ensuring that the identification structure can be normally recognized. This can avoid excessive damage and obstruction to the surface of the battery cell, thereby improving the output efficiency of the battery cell.

[0074] Specifically, when the logo structure is a regular shape (such as a circle, rectangle, etc.), the side length of the logo structure may be the length of the long / short side, the diameter, etc. When the logo structure is an irregular shape, the side length of the logo structure is the projection length of the logo structure in the horizontal direction and / or the vertical direction.

[0075] Optional, see Figure 1, the ratio of the side length of the identification structure 40 to the length of the long side 32 of the battery cell is 0.2% to 12%; specifically, the ratio of the side length of the identification structure 40 to the length of the long side 32 of the battery cell can be any value of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12; the ratio of the side length of the identification structure 40 to the length of the short side 33 of the battery cell is 0.4% to 23%. Specifically, the ratio of the side length of the identification structure 40 to the length of the short side 33 of the battery cell can be any value of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 23;

[0076] Optional, see Figure 3 , the ratio of the length of the long side 11 to the length of the short side 12 of the photovoltaic module is x1, 1.3≤x1≤2.2, specifically, the ratio x1 can be any value of 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2; or, the ratio of the length of the short side 12 to the length of the long side 11 of the photovoltaic module is x2, 0.4≤x2≤0.8, specifically, the ratio x2 can be any value of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8; the thickness of the frame 20 is 25mm to 35mm. Specifically, the thickness of the frame 20 can be any value of 25mm, 26mm, 27mm, 28mm, 29mm, 30mm, 31mm, 32mm, 33mm, 34mm, 35mm.

[0077] In the embodiment of the utility model, the photovoltaic module may have a long side 11 and a short side 12, the length of the long side 11 of the photovoltaic module ranges from 1720mm to 2400mm, and the length of the short side 12 of the photovoltaic module ranges from 1100mm to 1310mm. Specifically, the length of the long side 11 of the photovoltaic module can be selected from: any one of 1722mm, 1762mm, 1800mm, 1993mm, 1994mm, 2172mm, 2187mm, 2278mm, 2382mm, 2384mm; the length of the short side 12 of the photovoltaic module can be selected from: any one of 1102mm, 1134mm, 1303mm. Therefore, according to statistics, the ratio of the length of the long side 11 of the photovoltaic module to the length of the short side 12 is x1, 1.3≤x1≤2.2; the ratio of the length of the short side 12 of the photovoltaic module to the length of the long side 11 is x2, 0.4≤x2≤0.8.

[0078] Optional, see Figure 1The ratio of the length of the long side 32 of the battery cell 30 to the length of the short side 33 is x3, 1.5≤x3≤2.1, preferably, the ratio x3 is any value in the interval [1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1]; the ratio of the length of the short side 33 of the battery cell 30 to the length of the long side 32 is x4, 0.4≤x4≤0.7, specifically, the ratio x4 can be any value in 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7; the thickness of the battery cell is 80μm to 150μm. Specifically, the thickness of the battery cell can be any value in 80μm, 90μm, 100μm, 110μm, 120μm, 130μm, 140μm, 150μm.

[0079] In the embodiment of the utility model, the battery cell 30 may have a long side 32 and a short side 33, the length of the long side 32 of the battery cell 30 ranges from 170mm to 220mm, and the length of the short side 33 of the battery cell 30 ranges from 90mm to 110mm. Specifically, the length of the long side 32 of the battery cell 30 can be selected from: any one of 175mm, 182mm, 183mm, 187mm, 191mm, 192mm, and 210mm; the length of the short side 33 of the battery cell 30 can be selected from: any one of 91mm, 93mm, 95mm, 95.5mm, 96mm, 98mm, 103mm, 105mm, and 110mm. Therefore, after statistics, the ratio of the length of the long side 32 of the battery cell 30 to the length of the short side 33 is x3, 1.5≤x3≤2.1; the ratio of the length of the short side 33 of the battery cell 30 to the length of the long side 32 is x4, 0.4≤x4≤0.7.

[0080] Optionally, when the battery cell includes a main grid, the main grid and fine grid are arranged on the battery cell, and the long side direction of the battery cell is consistent with the extension direction of the fine grid of the battery cell; the short side direction of the battery cell is consistent with the extension direction of the main grid of the battery cell; the long side direction of the photovoltaic module is consistent with the extension direction of the main grid of the battery cell; and the short side direction of the photovoltaic module is consistent with the extension direction of the fine grid of the battery cell.

[0081] When the battery cell does not include a main grid, a fine grid is provided on the battery cell, and the long side direction of the battery cell is consistent with the extension direction of the fine grid of the battery cell; the short side direction of the battery cell is perpendicular to the extension direction of the fine grid of the battery cell; the long side direction of the photovoltaic module is perpendicular to the extension direction of the fine grid of the battery cell; and the short side direction of the photovoltaic module is consistent with the extension direction of the fine grid of the battery cell.

[0082] In the embodiment of the utility model, for the battery cell, there is a main grid battery cell ( Figure 3 The main grid 51 is also called the busbar electrode, which is used to collect the carriers collected by the fine grid 52. The fine grid 52 is also called the collector electrode, which is used to collect the carriers in the battery cell.

[0083] For cells with main grid, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The design requirement is to make the direction of the long side 32 of the battery cell 30 consistent with the extension direction of the fine grid 52 of the battery cell 30; the direction of the short side 33 of the battery cell 30 consistent with the extension direction of the main grid 51 of the battery cell 30; the direction of the long side 11 of the photovoltaic module consistent with the extension direction of the main grid 51 of the battery cell 30; the direction of the short side 12 of the photovoltaic module consistent with the extension direction of the fine grid 52 of the battery cell 30.

[0084] For main grid-less cells, the design requirements are to make the long side direction of the cell consistent with the extension direction of the cell's fine grid; the short side direction of the cell is perpendicular to the extension direction of the cell's fine grid; the long side direction of the photovoltaic module is perpendicular to the extension direction of the cell's fine grid; and the short side direction of the photovoltaic module is consistent with the extension direction of the cell's fine grid.

[0085] Optional, see Figure 3 , the total number of battery strings 121 is 4 to 6, specifically, the total number of battery strings can be any value of 4, 5, and 6; the string spacing h1 between adjacent battery strings 121 is 0.2mm to 3mm; specifically, h1 can be any value of 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, and 3mm. The number of battery cells 30 included in each battery string 121 is 9 to 12; specifically, the number of battery cells 30 included in each battery string 121 can be any value of 9, 10, 11, and 12. The cell spacing h2 between adjacent battery cells 30 is -0.2mm to 1.5mm. Specifically, h2 can be any value among -0.2mm, -0.1mm, 0mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, and 1.5mm.

[0086] It should be noted that when the interval h2 between adjacent battery cells 30 is less than 0, it means that the adjacent battery cells 30 are connected in an overlapping manner, that is, the long side of one battery cell overlaps the opposite long side of another adjacent battery cell.

[0087] Optionally, the battery cell is a whole cell or a half cell. Preferably, the half cell is obtained by cutting the whole cell along the central axis of the long side. Of course, the half cell can also be cut by other methods.

[0088] In the embodiment of the utility model, the battery cell is used to prepare a photovoltaic module, that is, a plurality of battery cells are connected in series in sequence to form a battery string, and a plurality of battery strings are electrically connected and arranged in parallel to form a battery array. After the battery array is subjected to processes such as string welding and lamination, a photovoltaic module is formed. Therefore, the battery cell is an important component unit of the photovoltaic module. In one implementation, the battery cell in the embodiment of the utility model can be a half-cell battery, and the size of the half-cell battery is half of the full-cell battery. When the format and size of the constructed photovoltaic module are the same, compared with the use of full-cell batteries, the current transmission path of the photovoltaic module obtained by using half-cell batteries is reduced by half or more, thereby reducing the internal circuit and internal consumption, and can effectively improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. In addition, due to the reduction of internal current and internal loss, the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module and the junction box is reduced, which also reduces the probability of hot spots in the photovoltaic module, and improves the stability and safety of the photovoltaic assembly.

[0089] Optionally, the information recorded in the identification structure includes: one or more of the photoelectric conversion efficiency, color grading, output power, fill factor, open circuit voltage, short circuit current, production line, production batch, production date, and production process of the battery cell.

[0090] In the embodiment of the utility model, the information recorded in the identification structure includes the working parameters of the cell, such as photoelectric conversion efficiency, color classification, output power, fill factor, open circuit voltage, short circuit current, production line, production batch, production date, production process, etc. The working performance of the cell can be quickly identified through this information, thereby providing detailed information support for the selection of suitable cells when building photovoltaic modules.

[0091] Optionally, the information recorded in the identification structure also includes: component parameters, component materials, process information, manufacturing process information, raw material information, environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) report, and one or more methods of obtaining carbon footprint of the photovoltaic module.

[0092] In the embodiment of the utility model, the identification structure can further serve the function of tracing the source of the battery cell, that is, the identification code set in the identification structure can be used to obtain the component parameters of the photovoltaic module (such as size, version, information, short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, output power, etc.), component materials (glass, film, backplane, busbar, welding strip, etc.), process information (series welding, lamination, insulation test, voltage / current test, electroluminescence (EL, Electroluminescent) test, grading, etc.), process information (such as incoming material information, process operation data and operator information), raw material information (such as silicon material information used in the crystal pulling link (origin, detailed parameters, silicon material process, etc.)), therefore, the embodiment of the utility model can obtain the working parameters of the battery cell and the production process information of the photovoltaic module through the identification structure. Among them, the production process information of the photovoltaic module can also be located to the corresponding operator, so that when the product is inspected, for defective products, the corresponding operator can be traced back, and the operation process of the relevant operator can be corrected and standardized in a targeted manner.

[0093] Specifically, based on the information included in the identification structure, the embodiment of the utility model can implement a method for detecting whether there is mixed-grade battery cells in the photovoltaic module preparation process:

[0094] In one case, the parameter information of all the cells can be obtained by scanning the identification structure set on the cell. The average value of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of all the cells can be calculated based on the parameter information. The difference between the photoelectric conversion efficiency of each cell and the average value can then be determined. If the difference exceeds a set threshold, the cell corresponding to the difference is located, and it is considered that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell does not meet expectations. At this time, the cell can be replaced with a cell that meets the current output power requirements. If all the cells meet the above requirements, the photovoltaic module manufacturing process is entered.

[0095] In another case, when producing specific photovoltaic modules, an expected solar cell photoelectric conversion efficiency range can be set in advance. By scanning the identification structure set on the solar cell, the parameter information of all solar cells can be obtained, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of each solar cell can be obtained. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of each solar cell is matched with the expected solar cell photoelectric conversion efficiency range. If any dissatisfaction occurs, the solar cell is replaced.

[0096] Furthermore, based on the information included in the identification structure, the embodiment of the utility model can also implement a method for matching the optimal battery cell for the component:

[0097] During the production process of photovoltaic modules, there may be quality problems with the cells, such as hidden cracks, broken pieces, broken grids, black spots, cold solder joints, etc. When there are quality problems with the cells, the identification structure set on the cell with quality problems can be scanned to obtain the parameter information of the cell with quality problems, and new cells with matching parameters can be selected from the cell library for replacement, so as to achieve the effect of accurate replacement.

[0098] Furthermore, based on the information included in the identification structure, the embodiment of the utility model can also implement a method for tracing silicon materials:

[0099] In the crystal pulling process, the information of each batch of polysilicon materials can be recorded, including: polysilicon material production process, silicon material origin, polysilicon material size, doping concentration, resistivity, lattice parameter, oxygen content, carbon content, minority carrier lifetime, etc. The utility model embodiment can upload the information of each batch of polysilicon materials to the server. After the same batch of polysilicon materials are used to pull crystals to produce silicon rods, the product information, process information and silicon material information of the silicon rods can be recorded and stored in the server. If multiple batches of silicon materials are used for crystal pulling, the corresponding batches of polysilicon material information are recorded in the silicon material information of the silicon rods. In the slicing link, the silicon rods can be cut into several silicon wafers, and then the finished silicon wafers are produced through cleaning and sorting processes. Then the product information and process information of each silicon wafer are recorded and stored in the database of the server, and the corresponding identification of each silicon wafer is generated in the database. The product information and process information of the corresponding silicon wafer are recorded after each identification, and the product information, process information and silicon material information of the silicon wafer corresponding to the silicon rod are added to the identification structure of the silicon wafer. Finally, the identification and information recorded after the identification of each silicon wafer are encoded to generate a pattern of the identification structure corresponding to the silicon wafer, and then the identification structure pattern is processed on the silicon wafer by laser processing, and the information of the corresponding silicon wafer can be obtained by scanning the identification structure. Then, the silicon wafer is processed into a cell, and then multiple cells are produced into photovoltaic modules. The identification structure on the cell can be scanned from the photovoltaic module end to obtain the corresponding silicon material information, thereby achieving the purpose of tracing the silicon material.

[0100] Furthermore, based on the information included in the identification structure, the embodiment of the utility model can also implement a method for tracing component process information and product information:

[0101] In the production process of photovoltaic modules, the process information of each process can be recorded separately. After each process is completed, the process information is uploaded to the database corresponding to the silicon wafer identification, or after all processes are completed, the process information is uploaded to the database corresponding to the silicon wafer identification. Finally, the product information of the produced components is uploaded to the database corresponding to the silicon wafer identification. Therefore, it is possible to scan the identification structure on any cell in the component to obtain the process information and product information of the photovoltaic module. It should be noted that for the data recording of the photovoltaic module production process, data is added to the identification structure on all cells in the photovoltaic module, not just one cell or part of the cells.

[0102] Furthermore, based on the information included in the identification structure, the embodiment of the utility model can also implement a method for tracing operator information:

[0103] For the production of photovoltaic modules, there are many process flows that require manual operation, such as lamination, which requires manual inspection of the lamination situation; EL detection, which requires manual inspection of the test results. Therefore, the experience of the operator will affect the quality of the product. On the basis of the above-mentioned tracing of the process information and product information flow of photovoltaic modules, the basic data of the operator can also be recorded in the process information of each process at each step when recording information. During product inspection, for defective products, the basic data of the corresponding operator can be traced back, and the operation process of the relevant operator can be corrected and standardized in a targeted manner. For the basic data of the operator, the embodiment of the utility model is provided with confidentiality measures. For the traceability of defective products, it is necessary to apply for access rights. The system verifies that the access rights meet the authority to access information before the operator information is displayed, and after closing or exiting the information display interface, entering the information interface again, it is necessary to apply for permissions again and verify before it will be displayed again. The recorded operator information includes: employee identification information (name, gender, date of birth, location of personnel), work distribution (production line, process), job history (entry time, position, employment type, etc.) and other information data.

[0104] Through the identification structure on the photovoltaic module products, the specific operators of the relevant processes can be quickly located, and the risks introduced by this variable can be eliminated in time, thereby improving the qualification rate of the final photovoltaic module products. In addition, although the operators receive standardized operating process training from the company when they join the company, the content of the company's training may evolve over time, and there may be slight differences in the operating methods of different batches of employees. This situation is particularly significant on a single production line. By tracking the operating information of related personnel through the identification structure of photovoltaic module products, standardized operation problems in the process can be accurately identified and solved, ensuring standardized operations of the entire production line, thereby improving the consistency of quality standards of photovoltaic module products and reducing product defective rates.

[0105] In summary, in the embodiments of the utility model, by setting an identification structure on each battery cell, the identification structure can be used to achieve the effect of identification positioning and information recording of the battery cell, thereby eliminating the process of testing the battery cell to obtain information. In the production process of photovoltaic modules, suitable battery cells can be matched more accurately and efficiently, thereby improving the product quality and production efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0106] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present utility model are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present utility model can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first", "second", etc. are generally of one type, and the number of objects is not limited. For example, the first object can be one or more.

[0107] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0108] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module comprises: a laminate and a frame; the frame is coated on the circumferential side wall of the laminate; The laminate comprises: a cover plate, a battery layer, and a packaging film layer disposed on at least one side of the battery layer; the packaging film layer is located between the cover plate and the battery layer; The battery layer includes at least one battery string, and the battery string includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series; adjacent battery cells are electrically connected by welding strips; A marking structure is arranged on the surface of each battery cell.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The identification structure is arranged on the front and / or back of the battery cell; The identification structure does not overlap with the welding strip arranged on the battery cell, but overlaps with the grid line arranged on the battery cell; Alternatively, the identification structure does not overlap with the welding strips and grid lines arranged on the battery cell.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the photovoltaic module is a single-glass photovoltaic module, the identification structure is arranged on the front side of the cell; When the photovoltaic module is a double-glass photovoltaic module, the identification structure is arranged on the front and / or back of the battery cell.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the identification structure includes one or more of a circle and a rectangle; the identification structure is one or more of a two-dimensional code, a barcode, a data matrix code, a MaxiCode, and a PDF417 code.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The identification structure is composed of a groove, and the extended shape of the groove includes one or more of a point, a line, an arc, a circle, and a semicircle; The depth of the groove is less than or equal to 7 μm; The width of the groove is less than or equal to 100 μm.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The area of ​​the marking structure is 0.25 mm 2 Up to 400mm 2 .

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ratio of the area of ​​the identification structure to the area of ​​the battery cell is 0.001% to 2.7%.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side length of the marking structure is 0.5 mm to 20 mm.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ratio of the side length of the identification structure to the long side length of the battery cell is 0.2% to 12%; The ratio of the side length of the identification structure to the short side length of the battery cell is 0.4% to 23%.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery cell is a whole cell or a half cell.

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