Fuel cell membrane electrode capable of resisting CO poisoning and fuel cell
By defining the pore size distribution peak range of less than or equal to 5 nm in the fuel cell anode catalyst and increasing the proportion of small pore volume, the problem of insufficient tolerance to trace CO by the anode catalyst is solved, and the anti-CO toxicity and service life of the membrane electrode are significantly improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421630422.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-13
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-10
AI Technical Summary
The existing fuel cell anode catalytic layer has insufficient tolerance to trace CO, resulting in a degradation of membrane electrode performance and making it difficult to achieve normal operation in high-purity hydrogen.
By defining the distribution peak range of the most pore diameters of the catalyst in the anode catalyst is ≤5nm, the pore volume corresponding to the pore volume of ≥35% is increased to improve the catalyst's anti-CO capability.
The anti-microCO toxicity ability of the membrane electrode is significantly improved, avoids the poisoning of the catalyst by CO, extends the service life of the membrane electrode, and reduces the cost.
Smart Images
Figure CN222867704U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of fuel cells, and more specifically to a fuel cell membrane electrode and a fuel cell resistant to CO poisoning. Background Art
[0002] The membrane electrode is the core component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The performance and durability of the membrane electrode largely depend on the structure of the catalyst layer of the catalyst coated membrane (CCM) in the membrane electrode. The usual CCM is divided into a three-layer structure, with the proton exchange membrane in the middle and the anode catalyst layer and cathode catalyst layer on both sides of the proton exchange membrane. In the working principle of the fuel cell, the anode is the place where the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is completed, and the cathode is the place where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is completed; the electrons generated by the anode flow to the cathode after doing work in the external circuit, and the [H + ] passes through the electrolyte membrane to the cathode; it then reacts with oxygen to produce water.
[0003] In the anode catalyst layer of the fuel cell, trace impurity gases (CO / H2S, etc.) in hydrogen can easily poison the anode catalyst, thereby affecting the HOR process and causing a significant decrease in membrane electrode performance. Among them, CO is particularly serious in poisoning the anode catalyst layer, because the binding ability of CO to Pt in the anode catalyst is much stronger than the binding ability of H2 to Pt. Even if a small amount of CO is adsorbed on Pt, it cannot be quickly removed. At the same time, when Pt adsorbs CO, a strong lateral repulsive force will form around Pt-CO, preventing hydrogen from being adsorbed to the nearby Pt sites that have not been poisoned by CO for HOR reaction. Even high-purity hydrogen usually contains trace amounts of CO. GB / T7445-1995 stipulates that the CO content in high-purity hydrogen needs to be ≤1ppm; and the national standard for hydrogen fuel for proton exchange membrane fuel cell vehicles GB / T 37244-2018 requires that the CO content in hydrogen must be ≤0.2ppm for the fuel cell to operate normally. Therefore, it is particularly important to solve the CO poisoning problem of the anode catalyst layer, especially the CO tolerance of the anode catalyst layer in the CO concentration range of 0.2-1.0 ppm.
[0004] There are usually several strategies to solve the CO poisoning problem of the anode catalyst layer of fuel cells: improving the electrochemical oxidation ability of CO on PGM (Platinum group metal) through dual functional sites to remove CO; weakening the adsorption of CO on PGM by adjusting the electronic structure of the catalyst; using the molecular size difference between H2 and CO to establish a gas barrier layer that only allows H2 to pass through, blocking CO from contacting PGM; non-precious metal catalysts that tolerate CO, etc. These solutions are all adjusted from the composition of the material (such as the use of non-precious metal alloy catalysts) and the structure of the material, which brings about the problem of non-precious metal dissolution and decreased HOR activity. Although there are a lot of research results, it is still difficult to achieve industrial application. Utility Model Content
[0005] The utility model aims to overcome at least one defect (deficiency) of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a fuel cell membrane electrode and a fuel cell resistant to CO poisoning, which are used to improve the tolerance to CO.
[0006] One object of the utility model is to provide a fuel cell membrane electrode that is resistant to CO poisoning, the fuel cell membrane electrode comprising: a proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalyst layer, an anode catalyst layer, an anode diffusion layer and a cathode diffusion layer, the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer are arranged on both sides of the proton exchange membrane, the anode diffusion layer is arranged on the outside of the anode catalyst layer, the cathode diffusion layer is arranged on the outside of the cathode catalyst layer, the anode catalyst layer comprises a catalyst, the catalyst comprises an active metal and a porous carbon carrier carrying the active metal, and the distribution peak range of the most probable pore size of the catalyst is ≤5nm.
[0007] In the present technical solution, the inventors found that the pore distribution of the traditional catalyst below 5nm accounts for a small proportion, while the pores above 10nm account for a large proportion, which is one of the reasons for the insufficient CO resistance of the membrane electrode. When the distribution peak range of the most probable pore size of the catalyst is ≤5nm, the membrane electrode's resistance to trace CO poisoning is significantly improved. The reason may be that when the distribution peak range of the most probable pore size of the catalyst is ≤5nm, most of such active metals are distributed in the pores. Due to the small pores, the permeability of H2 is greater than that of CO, resulting in partial CO being blocked; and when there are a large number of pores in the catalyst with a distribution of >10nm, there are a large number of active metals distributed in these >10nm pores, CO can easily enter, causing Pt in the large pores to be poisoned by CO during the operation of the fuel cell, and losing the HOR ability. Therefore, when using traditional carbon-supported metal catalysts, it is necessary to increase the anode catalyst layer with an increased active metal loading in order to improve the CO tolerance of the membrane electrode.
[0008] In the technical solution, the pores with a pore size of ≤5nm on the catalyst are distributed on the porous carbon support, and the catalyst is an anode catalyst. By limiting the distribution peak range of the most probable pore size of the catalyst to below 5nm, the CO resistance of the catalyst is improved without the introduction of anti-CO poisoning metals or other new materials, avoiding the negative impact of the introduced materials on the catalyst, and the structure is simple and suitable for industrial mass production. In addition, active metals are usually expensive. The catalyst of the present invention can improve the CO resistance of the catalyst without increasing the loading of active metals on the carbon support, saving resources and saving costs.
[0009] Furthermore, the distribution peak range of the most probable pore diameter of the catalyst is between 2 and 5 nm.
[0010] Furthermore, the pore volume corresponding to the pores with the most probable pore diameter on the catalyst accounts for ≥35% of the total pore volume of the catalyst.
[0011] In this technical solution, the pore volume of the catalyst corresponding to pores ≤5 nm is limited to ≥35%, ensuring that sufficient active metals can be loaded within ≤5 nm, thereby ensuring that the catalyst's ability to resist CO is improved. Preferably, the pores of 2-5 nm in the catalyst account for 35% to 70% of the total pore volume of the catalyst.
[0012] Furthermore, the diameter of the active metal is between 1.5 nm and 5 nm.
[0013] Furthermore, the loading amount of the active metal on the porous carbon carrier is 20wt% to 60wt%.
[0014] In the present technical scheme, if the amount of active metal loaded on the catalyst is too much, it will cause the catalyst particles to aggregate, the catalyst particles to be too large, and the catalytic activity to decrease. In the present invention, the distribution peak range of the most probable pore size is limited to ≤5nm and the corresponding pore volume accounts for greater than or equal to 35% of the pore volume on the catalyst. The pores with small pore sizes account for a large proportion. Too many active metal particles can easily cause blockage of the pores on the catalyst, affecting mass transfer. If the loading amount is too little, the thickness of the membrane electrode catalyst layer will increase and the durability of the carrier will be reduced. Therefore, the appropriate loading amount of active metal on the catalyst ensures that the catalyst has sufficient catalytic performance and CO poisoning resistance, and ensures normal mass transfer.
[0015] Furthermore, the loading amount of the active metal on the porous carbon carrier is 30wt% to 60wt%.
[0016] Furthermore, the active metal is platinum particles or platinum-based metal particles.
[0017] Furthermore, the loading amount of the active metal on the anode catalyst layer is ≤0.1 mg / cm 2 .
[0018] Furthermore, the loading amount of the active metal on the anode catalyst layer is 0.01-0.1 mg / cm 2 .
[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell resistant to CO poisoning, comprising any of the above-mentioned fuel cell membrane electrodes, wherein the membrane electrodes are continuously and repeatedly arranged to form a stacked structure, first bipolar plates are provided on both sides of the membrane electrode, and each adjacent two membrane electrode structures share the same bipolar plate, and second bipolar plates are provided on both sides of the stacked structure.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
[0021] (1) The utility model limits the most probable pore size of the catalyst to less than 5 nm, thereby improving the CO resistance of the catalyst without introducing anti-CO poisoning metals or other new materials, avoiding the negative impact of the introduced materials on the catalyst, and has a simple structure, which is suitable for industrial mass production.
[0022] (2) The utility model limits the pore volume of the catalyst corresponding to pores ≤5 nm to ≥35%, ensuring that sufficient active particles can be carried within ≤5 nm, thereby ensuring that the catalyst's ability to resist CO is improved.
[0023] (3) If the loading amount of active metal on the catalyst in the present invention is too much, it will cause the catalyst particles to aggregate, the catalyst particles to be too large, and the catalytic activity to decrease. In addition, the distribution peak range of the most probable pore size is limited to ≤5nm and the corresponding pore volume accounts for greater than or equal to 35% of the pore volume on the catalyst. The pores with small pore sizes account for a large proportion. Too many active metal particles can easily cause blockage of the pores on the catalyst, affecting mass transfer. If the loading amount is too little, the thickness of the membrane electrode catalyst layer will increase and the durability of the carrier will decrease. Therefore, an appropriate loading amount of active particles ensures that the catalyst has sufficient catalytic performance and ensures normal mass transfer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the catalyst in the membrane electrode in the prior art.
[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the catalyst in the membrane electrode of the utility model.
[0026] Figure 3 The pore size distribution diagram of the catalysts of Examples 1 to 6.
[0027] Figure 4 It is the pore size distribution diagram of the catalysts of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
[0028] Figure 5The graph is a test chart of membrane electrode performance in CO of Examples 1, 2, 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
[0029] Reference numerals: porous carbon support 100 , active metal 200 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] The drawings of the present invention are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be construed as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the following embodiments, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product; for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.
[0031] One object of the utility model is to provide a fuel cell membrane electrode that is resistant to CO poisoning, the fuel cell membrane electrode comprising: a proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalyst layer, an anode catalyst layer, an anode diffusion layer and a cathode diffusion layer, the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer are arranged on both sides of the proton exchange membrane, the anode diffusion layer is arranged on the outside of the anode catalyst layer, the cathode diffusion layer is arranged on the outside of the cathode catalyst layer, the anode catalyst layer comprises a catalyst, the catalyst comprises an active metal and a porous carbon carrier carrying the active metal, and the distribution peak range of the most probable pore size of the catalyst is ≤5nm.
[0032] In this technical solution, the catalyst structure includes an active metal and a porous carbon carrier carrying the active metal, and the active metal is a particle with catalytic activity. Figure 1 As shown in Figure 1, the inventors found that the pores of the conventional catalyst with diameters below 5 nm accounted for a small proportion, while the pores with diameters above 10 nm accounted for a large proportion, which was one of the reasons for the insufficient CO poisoning resistance of the membrane electrode. When the distribution peak range of the catalyst's most probable pore size was ≤5 nm, the membrane electrode's ability to resist trace CO poisoning was significantly improved. The reason may be that when the catalyst has a large number of pores below 5.0 nm, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the membrane electrode's ability to resist trace CO poisoning is significantly improved. The reason may be that when the catalyst has only the most probable pore distribution below 5.0nm, most of the active metals are distributed in the pores. Since the pores are small, the permeability of H2 is greater than that of CO, resulting in partial CO being blocked; and when the catalyst has a large number of pores with a distribution of >10nm, a large number of active metals are distributed in these pores >10nm, and CO can easily enter, causing Pt in large pores to be poisoned by CO and lose HOR ability. Therefore, when using traditional carbon-supported metal catalysts, it is necessary to increase the anode catalyst layer with an increased active metal loading to improve the CO tolerance of the membrane electrode.
[0033] Furthermore, the distribution peak range of the most probable pore diameter of the catalyst is between 2 and 5 nm.
[0034] Furthermore, the pore volume corresponding to the pores with the most probable pore diameter on the catalyst accounts for ≥35% of the total pore volume of the catalyst.
[0035] Furthermore, the diameter of the active metal is between 1.5 nm and 5 nm.
[0036] Furthermore, the loading amount of the active metal on the porous carbon carrier is 20wt% to 60wt%.
[0037] Furthermore, the loading amount of the active metal on the porous carbon carrier is 30wt% to 60wt%.
[0038] Furthermore, the active metal is platinum particles or platinum-based metal particles.
[0039] Furthermore, the loading amount of the active metal on the anode catalyst layer is ≤0.1 mg / cm 2 .
[0040] Furthermore, the loading amount of the active metal on the anode catalyst layer is 0.01-0.1 mg / cm 2 .
[0041] Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell resistant to CO poisoning, comprising any of the above-mentioned membrane electrodes, wherein the membrane electrodes are continuously and repeatedly arranged to form a stacked structure, first bipolar plates are provided on both sides of the membrane electrode, and each adjacent two membrane electrode structures share the same bipolar plate, and second bipolar plates are provided on both sides of the stacked structure.
[0042] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0043] Example 1
[0044] The present embodiment provides a fuel cell membrane electrode that is resistant to CO poisoning. The fuel cell membrane electrode structure includes: a proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalyst layer, an anode catalyst layer, an anode diffusion layer and a cathode diffusion layer. The cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer are arranged on both sides of the proton exchange membrane, the anode diffusion layer is arranged on the outside of the anode catalyst layer, and the cathode diffusion layer is arranged on the outside of the cathode catalyst layer. The anode catalyst layer includes a catalyst, and the catalyst includes an active metal 200 and a porous carbon carrier 100 supporting the active metal 200. The active metal 200 is Pt, that is, the catalyst is Pt / C, the Pt loading of Pt / C is 40wt%, the most probable pore size of the catalyst is 2.33nm, the main distribution peak of the pore size of the catalyst is 2.33-4.33nm, and the pore volume of the corresponding pore accounts for 52.3% of the total pore volume of Pt / C. The Pt loading in the anode catalyst layer is 0.05mg / cm 2 .
[0045] Example 2
[0046] This embodiment provides a fuel cell membrane electrode that is resistant to CO poisoning. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the Pt loading of Pt / C is 60wt%, the most probable pore size of the catalyst is 3.91nm, the main distribution peak of the pore size of the catalyst is 2.34-4.38nm, and the pore volume of the corresponding pores accounts for 39.3% of the total pore volume of Pt / C.
[0047] Example 3
[0048] This embodiment provides a fuel cell membrane electrode that is resistant to CO poisoning. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the Pt loading of Pt / C is 50wt%, the most probable pore size of the catalyst is 3.51nm, the main distribution peak of the pore size of the catalyst is 3.34-4.37nm, and the pore volume of the corresponding pores accounts for 49.4% of the total pore volume of Pt / C.
[0049] Example 4
[0050] This embodiment provides a fuel cell membrane electrode that is resistant to CO poisoning. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the Pt loading of Pt / C is 30wt%, the most probable pore size of the catalyst is 3.50nm, the main distribution peak of the pore size of the catalyst is 2.17-4.39nm, and the pore volume of the corresponding pores accounts for 35.4% of the total pore volume of Pt / C.
[0051] Example 5
[0052] This embodiment provides a fuel cell membrane electrode that is resistant to CO poisoning. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the Pt loading of Pt / C is 40wt%, the most probable pore size of the catalyst is 3.92nm, the main distribution peak of the pore size of the catalyst is 3.16-4.36nm, and the pore volume of the corresponding pores accounts for 36.1% of the total pore volume of Pt / C.
[0053] Example 6
[0054] This embodiment provides a fuel cell membrane electrode that is resistant to CO poisoning. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the Pt loading of Pt / C is 50wt%, the most probable pore size of the catalyst is 3.89nm, the main distribution peak of the pore size of the catalyst is 3.17-4.38nm, and the pore volume of the corresponding pores accounts for 42.0% of the total pore volume of Pt / C.
[0055] Comparative Example 1
[0056] This comparative example provides a fuel cell membrane electrode that is resistant to CO poisoning, which differs from Example 1 in that the catalyst on the anode catalyst layer is a commercial catalyst Pt / C, model TEC10EA50e, the Pt loading is 50wt%, the pore size distribution peak range of the catalyst is 3.5-4.4nm and ≥12nm, the pore volume corresponding to the pores of 3.5-4.4nm accounts for 6.8% of the total pore volume of the catalyst, the most detectable pore size of the catalyst is 82.0nm, and the main pore size distribution peak of the catalyst is ≥12nm (12nm-super detection range).
[0057] Comparative Example 2
[0058] This comparative example provides a fuel cell membrane electrode that is resistant to CO poisoning, which differs from Example 1 in that: the catalyst on the anode catalyst layer is a commercial catalyst Pt / C, model TEC10EA30e, the Pt loading is 30wt%, the pore size distribution peak range of the catalyst is 3.5-4.4nm and ≥10nm, the pore volume corresponding to the pores of 3.5-4.4nm accounts for 7.2% of the total pore volume of the catalyst, the most detectable pore size of the catalyst is 92.3nm, and the main pore size distribution peak of the catalyst is ≥10nm (10nm-super detection range).
[0059] Comparative Example 3
[0060] This comparative example provides a fuel cell membrane electrode that is resistant to CO poisoning, which differs from Example 1 in that the catalyst on the anode catalyst layer is a commercial catalyst Pt / C, model Elyst Pt20 0390, the Pt loading is 20wt%, the pore size distribution peak range of the catalyst is 2.33-4.35nm and ≥10nm, and the pore volume corresponding to pores ≤5nm accounts for 5.0% of the total pore volume of the catalyst, and the minimum detectable pore size of the catalyst is ≥10nm (10nm-super detection range).
[0061] Comparative Example 4
[0062] This comparative example provides a fuel cell membrane electrode that is resistant to CO poisoning. The difference from comparative example 1 is that the platinum loading on the anode catalyst layer is 0.1 mg / cm 2 .
[0063] Comparative Example 5
[0064] This comparative example provides a fuel cell membrane electrode that is resistant to CO poisoning, which differs from Example 1 in that: the pore size distribution peaks of the catalyst are 3.16-4.36nm and ≥10nm, the distribution peak range of the most probable pore size of the catalyst is ≥6nm, and the pore volume corresponding to pores ≤5nm on the catalyst accounts for 35.0% of the total pore volume of Pt / C.
[0065] The pore size distribution and pore volume ratio of the carbon carriers of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1. The pore size distribution of the catalyst porous carbon carriers of Examples 1 to 6 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the pore size distribution of the catalyst porous carbon carriers of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 is as follows Figure 4 shown.
[0066] Table 1
[0067]
[0068] The pore diameters and pore volumes involved in the embodiments and comparative examples are obtained by performing nitrogen isothermal adsorption and desorption tests on the samples and calculating the nitrogen desorption data according to the BJH model.
[0069] The catalysts provided in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were respectively used as anode catalysts to prepare membrane electrodes by the following method:
[0070] S1. Weigh 16.7 g of 20 wt% D2020 perfluorosulfonic acid resin dispersion, 28.6 g of ethanol and 6.2 g of catalyst, and 48.4 g of ultrapure water. Slowly add the catalyst to the stirred water, stir for 5 min, add the perfluorosulfonic acid resin dispersion and stir for 2 min, add ethanol and continue stirring for 2 min to form a pre-dispersed slurry; disperse the pre-dispersed slurry through a Beads mill disperser, the speed of the disperser is 3000 rpm, the dispersion time is 30 min, collect the dispersed catalyst slurry for degassing, and obtain the anode catalyst slurry.
[0071] S2: The anode catalyst slurry prepared in S1 is coated on the non-catalytic layer side of the proton exchange membrane coated with the cathode catalyst layer on one side by a slit coating method to prepare a CCM, wherein the Pt loading of the anode catalyst layer is 0.05 mg / cm 2 ;
[0072] S3: further assembling the frame and the diffusion layer to form a membrane electrode.
[0073] The membrane electrode obtained above and the membrane electrode of comparative example 4 were subjected to CO tolerance tests respectively, and the performance of the membrane electrode was tested at a CO concentration of 400 ppb. The test results corresponding to Examples 1, 2, 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are shown in FIG. Figure 5As shown in the figure, the performance of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 decayed by 62, 50, 61, and 51 mV respectively after 4 hours of CO poisoning. The performance test results corresponding to Comparative Example 5 are similar to those of Comparative Example 2, while the test results corresponding to Examples 3, 5, and 6 are similar to those of Example 1. It can be seen that when the anode catalyst layer of the membrane electrode uses the existing traditional Pt / C catalyst, the membrane electrode has poor resistance to CO poisoning. At a CO concentration of 400 ppb, the performance of the membrane electrode decays rapidly. From the data of Comparative Examples 1 and 4, it can be seen that when the traditional Pt / C catalyst is used, even if the anode Pt loading of the membrane electrode is increased to 0.1 mg / cm 2 , the CO poisoning resistance of the membrane electrode was not significantly improved. Examples 1 and 2 were attenuated by 20 and 32 mV respectively. Compared with the comparative example, the CO poisoning resistance of the membrane electrode of the embodiment was significantly enhanced. At the same time, from the performance of the membrane electrode without 400 ppb CO (first 1 h), the initial performance of the membrane electrode using small pore size catalyst (Examples 1-2) did not decrease.
[0074] Obviously, the above embodiments of the utility model are only examples for clearly explaining the technical solution of the utility model, and are not intended to limit the specific implementation methods of the utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the claims of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the utility model.
Claims
1. A fuel cell membrane electrode resistant to CO poisoning, the fuel cell membrane electrode comprising: A proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalyst layer, an anode catalyst layer, an anode diffusion layer and a cathode diffusion layer, wherein the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer are arranged on both sides of the proton exchange membrane, the anode diffusion layer is arranged on the outside of the anode catalyst layer, and the cathode diffusion layer is arranged on the outside of the cathode catalyst layer. The anode catalyst layer includes a catalyst, and the catalyst includes an active metal and a porous carbon carrier carrying the active metal, characterized in that the distribution peak range of the most probable pore size of the catalyst is ≤5nm.
2. The fuel cell membrane electrode resistant to CO poisoning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distribution peak range of the most probable pore diameter of the catalyst is between 2 and 5 nm.
3. The fuel cell membrane electrode resistant to CO poisoning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pore volume corresponding to the pores with the most probable pore diameter on the catalyst accounts for ≥35% of the total pore volume of the catalyst.
4. The fuel cell membrane electrode resistant to CO poisoning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the active metal is between 1.5 nm and 5 nm.
5. The fuel cell membrane electrode resistant to CO poisoning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active metal is loaded in an amount of 20 wt % to 60 wt % on the porous carbon carrier.
6. The fuel cell membrane electrode resistant to CO poisoning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active metal is loaded in an amount of 30 wt % to 60 wt % on the porous carbon carrier.
7. The fuel cell membrane electrode resistant to CO poisoning according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The active metal is platinum particles or platinum-based metal particles.
8. The fuel cell membrane electrode resistant to CO poisoning according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The loading amount of the active metal on the anode catalyst layer is ≤0.1 mg / cm 2 .
9. The fuel cell membrane electrode resistant to CO poisoning according to claim 8, characterized in that: The active metal loading on the anode catalyst layer is 0.01-0.1 mg / cm 2 .
10. A fuel cell resistant to CO poisoning, characterized in that: It comprises a fuel cell membrane electrode as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the fuel cell membrane electrode is continuously and repeatedly arranged to form a stacked structure, a first bipolar plate is provided on both sides of the membrane electrode, and each adjacent two fuel cell membrane electrode structures share the same bipolar plate, and a second bipolar plate is provided on both sides of the stacked structure.