Energy storage device and energy storage system

Abstract

The utility model relates to an energy storage device and an energy storage system, the energy storage device comprises an energy storage module, the energy storage module comprises at least two energy storage units, and the at least two energy storage units are stacked; each energy storage unit comprises a shell and a battery, a containing cavity is formed in each shell, cooling liquid is arranged in each containing cavity, and the batteries are located in the containing cavities and make direct contact with the cooling liquid. According to the energy storage device, the cooling liquid is arranged in the shell of each energy storage unit, and the batteries are in direct contact with the cooling liquid, so that the cooling effect on the batteries can be greatly improved, the temperature of the batteries is prevented from being too high, the safety is improved, the cooling uniformity of each battery is high, the temperature difference between the batteries is small, and the performance of the batteries is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular, to an energy storage device and an energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] The stacked energy storage cabinets in the related art often do not consider the heat dissipation of the batteries in the energy storage modules, which may cause the heat of the batteries to be high, affecting the performance of the batteries and posing certain safety hazards. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide an energy storage device and an energy storage system to solve the problems in the above-mentioned related technologies.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present disclosure provides an energy storage device, including an energy storage module, wherein the energy storage module includes at least two energy storage units, and at least two of the energy storage units are stacked;

[0005] Each of the energy storage units includes a shell and a battery. A receiving cavity is provided in the shell. A coolant is provided in the receiving cavity. The battery is located in the receiving cavity and is in direct contact with the coolant.

[0006] Optionally, a delivery pipeline is provided on the shell, the delivery pipeline is communicated with the accommodating cavity to deliver the coolant, and the delivery pipelines of the stacked energy storage units are interconnected and conducted.

[0007] Optionally, the energy storage device further comprises a liquid cooling unit module, the liquid cooling unit module is connected to the bottom of the energy storage module, the liquid cooling unit module is communicated with the delivery pipeline, and the liquid cooling unit module is configured to drive the flow of coolant in the delivery pipeline.

[0008] Optionally, a positioning mechanism is provided between the liquid cooling unit module and the energy storage module and between two adjacent energy storage units, and the positioning mechanism is configured to limit the movement of the liquid cooling unit module and the energy storage unit in the horizontal direction.

[0009] Optionally, the energy storage device further includes a control module, wherein the control module is connected to the top of the energy storage module, and a heat exchange structure is disposed in the control module, wherein the heat exchange structure is connected to and conducted with the delivery pipeline.

[0010] Optionally, a positioning mechanism is provided between the control module and the energy storage module, and the positioning mechanism is configured to limit the movement of the control module in a horizontal direction.

[0011] Optionally, each of the energy storage units is further provided with a power line and a signal line, and the power line and the signal line are connected to the shell and both penetrate into the accommodating cavity to be connected to the battery.

[0012] Optionally, the delivery pipeline includes a main pipeline, the main pipeline extends in a vertical direction, plug-in components are provided at both ends of the main pipeline, and the main pipelines of the stacked energy storage units are connected via the plug-in components.

[0013] Optionally, the delivery pipeline further includes a branch pipeline, one end of which is connected to the main pipeline, and the other end of which is communicated with the accommodating chamber.

[0014] Optionally, the plug-in component includes a plug connector and an extension tube, which are respectively formed at both ends of the main line, and the plug connector of the main line of one of the two adjacent energy storage units is inserted into the extension tube of the main line of the other energy storage unit.

[0015] Optionally, the plug connector is located downstream of the coolant flow direction in the main pipeline, and the extension pipe is located upstream of the coolant flow direction in the main pipeline.

[0016] Optionally, an outer side wall of the plug connector and / or an inner tube wall of the extension tube is provided with a sealing ring, and the sealing ring is used to seal a gap between the plug connector and the extension tube which are plugged into each other.

[0017] Optionally, the main pipeline includes a first main pipeline and a second main pipeline, the first main pipeline and the second main pipeline are arranged in parallel, the branch pipeline includes a first branch pipeline and a second branch pipeline, the first branch pipeline is connected to the first main pipeline, and the second branch pipeline is connected to the second main pipeline.

[0018] Optionally, the delivery pipeline is located on one side of the shell, and the energy storage unit further includes a maintenance door, which is hinged to the side wall of the shell and is used to cover the delivery pipeline.

[0019] Optionally, two adjacent energy storage units are detachably connected.

[0020] Optionally, the battery is partially or fully immersed in the coolant.

[0021] A second aspect of the present disclosure further provides an energy storage system, which includes a plurality of the above-mentioned energy storage devices, and the plurality of the energy storage devices are electrically connected.

[0022] The above technical solution can greatly improve the cooling effect of the battery, avoid excessive temperature of the battery, and increase safety by providing the shell of each energy storage unit with coolant and directly contacting the battery with the coolant.

[0023] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present disclosure but do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure. In the accompanying drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a state of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of another state of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 3 This is an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of position A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly relationship of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main pipeline and the branch pipeline of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the splicing relationship of the main pipeline of an implementation method of the present disclosure.

[0031] Description of Reference Numerals

[0032] 1. energy storage module, 11. energy storage unit, 111. housing, 112. maintenance door;

[0033] 2. Delivery pipeline, 21. Main pipeline, 211. First main pipeline, 212. Second main pipeline, 22. Branch pipeline, 221. First branch pipeline, 222. Second branch pipeline, 23. Plug connector, 24. Extension pipe, 25. Sealing ring, 26. Power line, 27. Signal line;

[0034] 3. Liquid cooling unit module, 31. Heat dissipation holes;

[0035] 4. Control module, 41. Display screen;

[0036] 5. positioning mechanism, 51. positioning portion, 52. positioning groove;

[0037] 6. A plug-in electrical connection assembly, 61. A first electrical connection member, 62. A second electrical connection member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The specific implementation of the present disclosure is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described herein is only used to illustrate and explain the present disclosure, and is not used to limit the present disclosure.

[0039] In the present disclosure, unless otherwise stated, directional words such as "upper, lower, left, right" are usually defined by the direction of the drawing, and "inner" and "outer" refer to the inside and outside of the relevant parts. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] In the description of the present disclosure, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, it can be a direct connection, it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] With the development of electric energy application technology, electric energy storage cabinets are used more and more widely. Energy storage cabinets can store electric energy and supply electric energy when needed, making the use of electric energy more convenient.

[0042] The stacked energy storage cabinets in the related art often do not consider the heat dissipation of the batteries in the energy storage modules, resulting in high heat generation of the batteries, which will affect the performance of the batteries and pose certain safety risks. Some integrated energy storage cabinets cannot achieve rapid adjustment of the energy storage capacity, which is inconvenient to use.

[0043] For this reason, Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, one aspect of the present disclosure provides an energy storage device, including an energy storage module 1 , wherein the energy storage module 1 includes at least two energy storage units 11 , and the at least two energy storage units 11 are stacked.

[0044] Each energy storage unit 11 includes a shell 111 and a battery. A receiving cavity is provided in the shell 111. A coolant is provided in the receiving cavity. The battery is located in the receiving cavity and is in direct contact with the coolant.

[0045] In the above technical solution, at least two energy storage units 11 are stacked to form a stacked energy storage structure. The energy storage unit 11 is a single entity. Each energy storage unit 11 can store energy separately, and multiple energy storage units 11 can be electrically connected to each other to achieve overall energy supply. In addition, by providing a coolant in the shell 111 of each energy storage unit 11 and immersing the battery in the coolant, the cooling effect of the battery can be greatly improved, the temperature of the battery is prevented from being too high, the cooling uniformity of each battery is high, the temperature difference between the batteries is small, and the performance of the battery is guaranteed.

[0046] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, two adjacent energy storage units 11 are detachably connected. The energy storage units 11 can be increased or decreased according to user needs, and only need to be simply stacked and removed, which is very convenient to operate and can quickly adjust the energy storage capacity.

[0047] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the battery is partially or completely immersed in the coolant. The immersion liquid cooling method allows the coolant to isolate the battery cell from the air, and has the characteristics of a high ignition point or non-flammability, which can replace the fire protection scheme and is safer. The energy storage device can have good cooling and heat dissipation performance, and at the same time can easily and quickly change the number of energy storage units 11 and adjust the energy storage capacity.

[0048] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, a delivery pipeline 2 is provided on the housing 111, and the delivery pipeline 2 is connected to the accommodating cavity to deliver the coolant, and the delivery pipelines 2 of the stacked energy storage units 11 are connected to each other and conducted. The delivery pipeline 2 can drive the coolant to flow, so that the coolant can carry away the heat, thereby achieving cooling and heat dissipation of the battery.

[0049] Among them, the delivery pipeline 2 of the stacked energy storage units 11 is connected, which can realize the flow of coolant between the stacked energy storage units 11, thereby allowing the flow of coolant in the multiple energy storage units 11 stacked as a whole to be driven by one driving source, avoiding the need for multiple driving sources, reducing costs, and maintaining heat dissipation and cooling effects.

[0050] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the delivery pipeline 2 includes a main pipeline 21 and a branch pipeline 22, the main pipeline 21 extends in the vertical direction, and plug-in components are provided at both ends of the main pipeline 21. The main pipelines 21 of the stacked energy storage units 11 are connected by the plug-in components, one end of the branch pipeline 22 is connected to the main pipeline 21, and the other end of the branch pipeline 22 is connected to the accommodating cavity. By splitting the main pipeline 21 and the branch pipeline 22, the flow direction of the coolant can be conveniently controlled, and the plug-in components are used to facilitate the connection of adjacent energy storage units 11.

[0051] Among them, the main pipeline 21 is mainly used to connect the coolant between adjacent energy storage units 11. The main pipeline 21 serves as the main flow channel for the coolant flow. The branch pipeline 22 is mainly used to divert the coolant. The extension of the branch pipeline 22 facilitates the connection with the accommodating cavity to realize the flow of the coolant in the accommodating cavity.

[0052] In some examples, the main line 21 may be a hard pipe, the branch line 22 may be a soft pipe, a connecting port is provided on the main line 21, one end of the branch line 22 is connected to the connecting port, the outer wall of the shell 111 may be provided with a through hole connected to the accommodating cavity, the through hole is provided with a valve, and the other end of the branch line 22 is connected to the valve.

[0053] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plug-in component includes a plug connector 23 and an extension tube 24, which are respectively formed at both ends of the main line 21, and the plug connector 23 of the main line 21 of one of the two adjacent energy storage units 11 is inserted into the extension tube 24 of the main line 21 of the other energy storage unit 11. Through the cooperation of the plug connector 23 and the extension tube 24, the plug-in and disconnection operations can be easily realized.

[0054] When two adjacent energy storage units 11 are stacked, the plug connector 23 of the main line 21 of one energy storage unit 11 is inserted into the extension tube 24 of the main line 21 of the other energy storage unit 11. When it is necessary to separate the two adjacent energy storage units 11, the plug connector 23 of the main line 21 of one energy storage unit 11 can be pulled out from the extension tube 24 of the main line 21 of the other energy storage unit 11, which is very convenient to operate.

[0055] In some examples, the plug connector 23 and the extension tube 24 can be integrally formed with the two ends of the corresponding main line 21, that is, the plug connector 23 can be the original structure of one end of the main line 21, or the diameter can be reduced or increased to facilitate the insertion of the extension tube 24, and the extension tube 24 can be formed by widening the diameter of the other end of the main line 21. In other examples, the plug connector 23 and the extension tube 24 can be separate structures, and both of them can be annular structures, and are respectively sleeved on the two ends of the main line 21.

[0056] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plug connector 23 is located downstream of the coolant flow direction in the main line 21 , and the extension tube 24 is located upstream of the coolant flow direction in the main line 21 .

[0057] It can be understood that after two adjacent energy storage units 11 are stacked, the plug connectors 23 of the two energy storage units 11 are inserted into the extension tube 24 to connect the two main lines 21. In the relationship between the plug connectors 23 and the extension tube 24 of the two main lines 21, the flow direction of the coolant is from one main line 21 to the plug connector 23 thereon, then to the extension tube 24 of the other main line 21, and finally to the other main line 21. By such an arrangement, the resistance of the coolant flow can be reduced, while ensuring the stability of the seal.

[0058] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, a sealing ring 25 is provided on the outer wall of the plug connector 23 and / or the inner wall of the extension tube 24, and the sealing ring 25 is used to seal the gap between the plug connector 23 and the extension tube 24 that are plugged into each other. The sealing ring 25 can improve the sealing performance and prevent the coolant from leaking from the gap between the plug connector 23 and the extension tube 24 that are plugged into each other.

[0059] The sealing ring 25 may be a rubber ring. In some examples, the sealing ring 25 is provided on the outer wall of the plug connector 23, and the sealing ring 25 may not be provided on the inner wall of the extension tube 24. In other examples, the sealing ring 25 may not be provided on the outer wall of the plug connector 23, and the sealing ring 25 may be provided on the inner wall of the extension tube 24. Of course, the sealing ring 25 is provided on both the outer wall of the plug connector 23 and the inner wall of the extension tube 24. When the plug connector 23 and the extension tube 24 are plugged into each other, the two sealing rings 25 may contact each other, and the sealing ring 25 on the plug connector 23 can be on the inside, and the sealing ring 25 on the extension tube 24 can be on the outside.

[0060] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the main line 21 includes a first main line 211 and a second main line 212, the first main line 211 and the second main line 212 are arranged in parallel, and the branch line 22 includes a first branch line 221 and a second branch line 222, the first branch line 221 is connected to the first main line 211, and the second branch line 222 is connected to the second main line 212. Such an arrangement can facilitate the coolant to flow to the accommodating chamber and the coolant to flow out of the accommodating chamber. In some examples, the first main line 211 and the first branch line 221 may be liquid inlet pipes, and the second main line 212 and the second branch line 222 may be liquid outlet pipes.

[0061] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the delivery pipeline 2 is located on one side of the housing 111, and the energy storage unit 11 further includes a maintenance door 112, which is hinged to the side wall of the housing 111, and the maintenance door 112 is used to cover the delivery pipeline 2. The maintenance door 112 can cover the delivery pipeline 2 to prevent the delivery pipeline 2 from being directly exposed, thereby protecting the delivery pipeline 2.

[0062] It is understandable that the delivery pipeline 2 is located outside the accommodating cavity, and when the delivery pipeline 2 needs to be maintained, the maintenance door 112 can be rotated to expose the delivery pipeline 2. In some examples, a groove is opened on one side of the housing 111, and the delivery pipeline 2 is located in the groove. The maintenance door 112 is hinged to the groove wall of the groove, and the maintenance door 112 can close the groove opening of the groove.

[0063] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the energy storage device further includes a liquid cooling unit module 3 and a control module 4, the liquid cooling unit module 3 is connected to the bottom of the energy storage module 1, and the control module 4 is connected to the top of the energy storage module 1.

[0064] The liquid cooling unit module 3 is located at the bottom, and the liquid cooling unit module 3 can serve as a base. At the same time, the liquid cooling unit module 3 can drive the coolant to flow and dissipate the heat in the coolant to the external environment. The control module 4 is located at the top and is the main control unit. The control module 4 can control the liquid cooling unit module 3 and each energy storage unit 11 in the energy storage module 1, and can control the power supply.

[0065] Optionally, the liquid cooling unit module 3 is connected to the delivery pipeline 2, and the liquid cooling unit module 3 is configured to drive the coolant in the delivery pipeline 2 to flow, and a heat exchange structure is provided in the control module 4, and the heat exchange structure is connected and conducted with the delivery pipeline 2. The control module 4 can also dissipate heat through the coolant, that is, the liquid cooling unit module 3 drives the coolant to flow to achieve heat dissipation of the energy storage module 1 and the control module 4.

[0066] Among them, in some examples, the liquid cooling unit module 3 is provided with a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet, and the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet may also be provided with plug-in components, that is, an extension tube 24 and a plug connector 23, for realizing quick plug-in matching with the main line 21 of the energy storage unit 11 located at the bottom. The control module 4 is provided with a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet, and the second liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet are connected to the heat exchange structure, and the heat exchange structure can dissipate heat for the electronic components in the control module 4. The second liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet may also be provided with plug-in components, that is, an extension tube 24 and a plug connector 23, for realizing quick plug-in matching with the main line 21 of the energy storage unit 11 located at the top, so as to realize the flow of coolant to the heat exchange structure.

[0067] Optionally, in other examples, the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet of the liquid cooling unit module 3 and the second liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet of the control module 4 may also be connected to the first main line 211 and the second main line 212 through external pipelines.

[0068] It can be understood that the flow direction of the coolant is to flow out from the first liquid outlet of the liquid cooling unit module 3, flow into the above-mentioned first main pipeline 211, and then be diverted to the accommodating cavity of the energy storage unit 11 through the first branch pipeline 221. At the same time, the coolant flows along the first main pipeline 211 to the second liquid inlet to achieve cooling and heat dissipation of the control module 4, and then the coolant flows out from the second liquid outlet back to the second main pipeline 212. At the same time, the coolant in the accommodating cavity of the energy storage unit 11 flows to the second main pipeline 212 through the second branch pipeline 222, and finally flows to the first liquid inlet of the liquid cooling unit module 3.

[0069] Optionally, in some embodiments, a positioning mechanism 5 is provided between the liquid cooling unit module 3 and the energy storage module 1, between the control module 4 and the energy storage module 1, and between two adjacent energy storage units 11, and the positioning mechanism 5 is configured to limit the horizontal movement of the liquid cooling unit module 3, the control module 4, and the energy storage unit 11. This configuration can ensure the stability of the liquid cooling unit module 3, the control module 4, and the multiple energy storage units 11 after being stacked on each other, and avoid falling. Among them, the number of positioning mechanisms 5 can be multiple and spaced, and the corresponding positions can be set as needed.

[0070] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the positioning mechanism 5 includes a positioning portion 51 and a positioning groove 52, and the positioning portion 51 is used to be inserted into the positioning groove 52, wherein one of the liquid cooling unit module 3 and the energy storage unit 11 located at the bottom of the energy storage module 1 is provided with a positioning portion 51, and the other is provided with a positioning groove 52. Similarly, one of the control module 4 and the energy storage unit 11 located at the top of the energy storage module 1 is provided with a positioning portion 51, and the other is provided with a positioning groove 52. One of two adjacent energy storage units 11 is provided with a positioning portion 51, and the other is provided with a positioning groove 52. In some examples, the positioning portion 51 can be a foot or a foot pad. The bottom of the liquid cooling unit module 3 is provided with a positioning portion 51, the top of the control module 4 is provided with a positioning groove 52, and the top of each energy storage unit 11 is provided with a positioning groove 52, and the bottom is provided with a positioning portion 51. In this way, the positioning portion 51 can also be used as a supporting structure when placed alone.

[0071] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, each energy storage unit 11 is further provided with a power line 26 and a signal line 27, which are connected to the housing 111 and are both inserted into the accommodating cavity to be connected to the battery, and a plug-in electrical connection assembly 6 is provided between the liquid cooling unit module 3 and the energy storage module 1, between the control module 4 and the energy storage module 1, and between two adjacent energy storage units 11. By providing the plug-in electrical connection assembly 6, the liquid cooling unit module 3 and the energy storage module 1 and the control module 4 can be electrically connected after being relatively stacked, so as to realize signal transmission and power transmission.

[0072] Among them, the power line 26 is used to electrically connect the batteries of each energy storage unit 11, and can be connected in series. At the same time, the power line 26 can be electrically connected to the liquid cooling unit module 3 and the control module 4, and can supply electric energy to the liquid cooling unit module 3, and the control module 4 can control the external supply of electric energy. The signal line 27 can detect the electric energy data of the battery and transmit the signal to the control module 4, and coordinate the control through the control module 4. At the same time, the control module 4 can also realize power control and other operations on the liquid cooling unit module 3 through the signal line 27. The above-mentioned maintenance door can also cover the power line 26 and the signal line 27.

[0073] The plug-in electrical connection assembly 6 includes a first electrical connection member 61 and a second electrical connection member 62;

[0074] Two first electrical connectors 61 and two second electrical connectors 62 are provided at the top and bottom of each energy storage unit 11, one end of the power line 26 and one end of the signal line 27 are electrically connected to the two first electrical connectors 61 respectively, the other end of the power line 26 and the other end of the signal line 27 are electrically connected to the two second electrical connectors 62 respectively, and the first electrical connectors 61 and the second electrical connectors 62 of two adjacent energy storage units 11 are plugged into each other. In some examples, the first electrical connector 61 is located at the top of the energy storage unit 11, and the second electrical connector 62 is located at the bottom of the energy storage unit 11.

[0075] A second electrical connector 62 is disposed at the bottom of the liquid cooling unit module 3 , and a first electrical connector 61 is disposed at the top of the control module 4 .

[0076] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the outer wall of the liquid cooling unit module 3, the control module 4 and each energy storage unit 11 is provided with a handle to facilitate installation and movement. The outer wall of the liquid cooling unit module 3 is also provided with a heat dissipation hole 31, which can be used by the coolant to dissipate heat to the external environment. A display screen 41 can be set on the control module 4 to facilitate the user to instantly view the energy storage status. During normal use, if there is a problem, the user can view the relevant information on the display screen 41 to understand the problem; if the user's electricity demand changes, the energy storage unit 11 can be added or reduced at any time according to demand to quickly match the function and demand. Maintenance personnel can directly open the maintenance door 112 for maintenance; in case of partial damage, a single energy storage unit 11 can be replaced when the power is off. In some examples, the energy storage device can be used in home scenarios.

[0077] A second aspect of the present disclosure further provides an energy storage system, which includes a plurality of the above-mentioned energy storage devices, and the plurality of energy storage devices are electrically connected.

[0078] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0079] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0080] In addition, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present disclosure, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized in that: An energy storage module is included, wherein the energy storage module includes at least two energy storage units, and at least two of the energy storage units are stacked; Each of the energy storage units includes a shell and a battery. A receiving cavity is provided in the shell. A coolant is provided in the receiving cavity. The battery is located in the receiving cavity and is in direct contact with the coolant.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A delivery pipeline is arranged on the shell, and the delivery pipeline is communicated with the accommodating cavity to deliver the coolant, and the delivery pipelines of the stacked energy storage units are connected and conducted to each other.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy storage device further comprises a liquid cooling unit module, which is connected to the bottom of the energy storage module and communicates with the delivery pipeline. The liquid cooling unit module is configured to drive the coolant in the delivery pipeline to flow.

4. The energy storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A positioning mechanism is provided between the liquid cooling unit module and the energy storage module and between two adjacent energy storage units, and the positioning mechanism is configured to limit the movement of the liquid cooling unit module and the energy storage unit in the horizontal direction.

5. The energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy storage device further comprises a control module, wherein the control module is connected to the top of the energy storage module, wherein a heat exchange structure is arranged in the control module, and the heat exchange structure is connected and conducted with the delivery pipeline.

6. The energy storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A positioning mechanism is provided between the control module and the energy storage module, and the positioning mechanism is configured to limit the movement of the control module in a horizontal direction.

7. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the energy storage units is also provided with a power line and a signal line, and the power line and the signal line are connected to the shell and both penetrate into the accommodating cavity and are connected to the battery.

8. The energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The delivery pipeline includes a main pipeline, which extends in a vertical direction. Both ends of the main pipeline are provided with plug-in components, and the main pipelines of the energy storage units stacked on each other are connected via the plug-in components.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The delivery pipeline further includes a branch pipeline, one end of which is connected to the main pipeline, and the other end of which is communicated with the accommodating chamber.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The plug-in component includes a plug connector and an extension tube, which are respectively formed at both ends of the main pipeline. The plug connector of the main pipeline of one of the two adjacent energy storage units is inserted into the extension tube of the main pipeline of the other energy storage unit.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The plug connector is located downstream of the coolant flow direction in the main pipeline, and the extension pipe is located upstream of the coolant flow direction in the main pipeline.

12. The energy storage device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The outer side wall of the plug connector and / or the inner tube wall of the extension tube are provided with a sealing ring, and the sealing ring is used to seal the gap between the plug connector and the extension tube which are plugged into each other.

13. The energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The main pipeline includes a first main pipeline and a second main pipeline, the first main pipeline and the second main pipeline are arranged in parallel, the branch pipeline includes a first branch pipeline and a second branch pipeline, the first branch pipeline is connected to the first main pipeline, and the second branch pipeline is connected to the second main pipeline.

14. The energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The delivery pipeline is located on one side of the shell, and the energy storage unit further includes a maintenance door, which is hinged to the side wall of the shell and is used to cover the delivery pipeline.

15. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: Two adjacent energy storage units are detachably connected.

16. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: The battery is partially or completely immersed in the coolant.

17. An energy storage system, characterized in that: The energy storage system comprises a plurality of energy storage devices according to any one of claims 1 to 16, and the plurality of energy storage devices are electrically connected.

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