Composite drill bit with self-rotating punch
By designing a composite drill with a rotating punch, the lower shaft rotation and movement is achieved using liquid pressure, the problem of the existing drill bit being difficult to eat in hard formations is solved, and higher rock breaking efficiency and a wider rock breaking range are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421556007.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-16
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-03
AI Technical Summary
When existing drill bits encounter hard formations, it is difficult for cutting teeth to effectively enter the formation, resulting in a decrease in mechanical drilling speed and low rock breaking efficiency.
A composite drill bit with a rotating punch is designed to achieve rotation and movement of the lower shaft through liquid pressure, realize autobiographical impact of the punch, and improve rock breaking efficiency through a composite drilling method of rotation plus revolution.
The drill bit breaks the rock efficiency in hard formations is improved, the rock breaking range of the punch is widened, the probability of impact teeth falling into old pits is reduced, and the comprehensive performance of the drill bit is improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN222879638U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical equipment fields of oil and gas drilling engineering, mining engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geological drilling, tunnel engineering hydrology and non-excavation, and specifically relates to a composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch. Background Art
[0002] The drill bit is a rock-breaking tool used to break rocks and form wellbores in drilling projects. Commonly used ones include PDC drill bits, roller drill bits and percussion drill bits. PDC drill bits rely on high-hardness, wear-resistant, self-sharpening polycrystalline diamond composite sheets to shear and break rocks. PDC drill bits are widely used in drilling projects because of their high mechanical penetration rate, long service life and low drilling cost in soft to medium-hard formations. Existing fixed cutting tooth drill bits represented by PDC drill bits usually have several blades, and multiple cutting elements are arranged on the blades along the radial direction of the drill bit (for PDC drill bits, the cutting elements are mainly polycrystalline diamond composite sheets, referred to as composite sheets or PDC teeth). However, when drilling into hard formations, the cutting teeth on the nose and shoulder of the PDC drill bit are difficult to effectively penetrate the formation, thereby greatly reducing the mechanical penetration rate. The roller drill bit breaks the rock by impact crushing, forming a deeper crushing tooth pit at the bottom of the well. When the formation is hard, the rock cannot be broken by volume, which reduces the energy utilization and the rock breaking efficiency is low. The rotary drill bit is a fixed-tooth rock breaking tool used in conjunction with a down-the-hole impactor (down-the-hole hammer) in rotary drilling. The rock breaking mechanism of the rotary drill bit is significantly different from the crushing mechanism of the roller drill bit and the cutting mechanism of the PDC drill bit. The rotary drill bit relies on the instantaneous impact force of the teeth to break the rock at the bottom of the well. The upper end of the rotary drill bit is connected to the down-the-hole impactor. When working, its hammer reciprocates under the action of the circulating fluid, repeatedly hitting the drill bit, and providing impact loads to the teeth. Under normal circumstances, the rotary drill bit can achieve a higher rock breaking efficiency when drilling in brittle formations, especially harder formations.
[0003] In addition, during the design of PDC drill bits, a plane passing through the center axis of the drill bit is usually arbitrarily determined as the tooth arrangement axis surface (also referred to as the axis surface for short). The radial and axial positions of each cutting tooth on the drill bit can be accurately expressed on this axis surface. When the drill bit rotates around its own axis under the condition that the axial position remains unchanged, the tooth edge contour line of the cutting tooth intersects with the axis surface to form an intersection line, which is the axis surface contour line of the cutting tooth. Then, the axis surface contour lines of all the main cutting teeth on the drill bit (or all the main cutting teeth on several specified blades) are collected in the axis surface to form the axis surface tooth arrangement diagram of the drill bit (or the axis surface tooth arrangement diagram of several specified blades). Because the axis surface tooth arrangement diagram can accurately reflect the radial coverage of the cutting teeth on the bottom hole rock on the drill bit, it is also called the bottom hole coverage tooth arrangement diagram, referred to as the coverage tooth arrangement diagram or the bottom hole coverage diagram. In the bottom hole coverage diagram of the drill bit, an outer envelope curve tangent to the axis surface contour lines of all the main cutting teeth is made, which is the cutting contour line of the drill bit (that is, the crown contour line of the drill bit). In addition, if only the cutting teeth on a certain blade are shown, and the cutting teeth on other blades are hidden, the axial tooth layout diagram of the blade is formed. In the axial tooth layout diagram of the blade, an outer envelope curve tangent to the axial contour line of each main cutting tooth is drawn. This envelope line is called the cutting contour line of the blade. If the drill bit rotates around its own axis under the condition of unchanged axial position, then for a certain blade body, the intersection line of its front side surface and its tooth layout surface will sweep along with the rotation of the drill bit to form a revolving surface with the central axis of the drill bit as the axis. The intersection line of this revolving surface and the axial surface is the main contour line of the blade, that is, the blade contour line. Normally, since the exposed heights of the main cutting teeth arranged on the blade tooth surface are the same or similar (except for the area near the gauge diameter surface), the cutting contour line of the blade is basically parallel to the shape of its main contour line, and there may be obvious differences only in the area near the gauge diameter. Therefore, normally, if the cutting contour lines of different blades are to be matched and adapted to each other, it is necessary to design the different blade contour lines to be completely or basically the same shape, and then achieve this by using the same or similar tooth arrangement method with the exposed height.
[0004] In the Chinese patent "A Scraping-Impact Composite Drill Bit" (patent number: 2012101255406.8) submitted by Southwest Petroleum University, an impact cutting structure and an impact force transmission mechanism are added on the basis of the fixed cutting structure of the drill bit, which fully utilizes the advantages of the impact rock breaking method. Through the impact cutting structure, the rock is broken and damaged, the cutting teeth of the drill bit are increased to eat into the rock, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved, thereby improving the working ability of the drill bit in difficult-to-drill formations such as high-strength, high-abrasiveness or strong heterogeneity. In addition, the impact force transmitted by the force transmission mechanism only acts on the impact cutting structure, and the cutting teeth on the fixed blade will not be affected by the impact force. While improving the rock breaking efficiency, it can ensure that the cutting teeth have a long working life. However, the punch in the drill bit can only perform linear impact and cannot rotate. The impact teeth are prone to fall into old pits, the impact range is small, and the rock breaking efficiency is low. In order to overcome the above defects, a composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch is proposed. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose is to provide a composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch, which relies on liquid pressure to realize the rotation and movement of the lower shaft, thereby realizing the self-propagating impact of the punch. The punch improves the rock breaking efficiency through the composite drilling method of self-rotation and revolution. At the same time, after the punch rotates, the rock breaking range of the punch can be widened, which can reduce the probability of the impact tooth falling into the old pit.
[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technologies:
[0007] A composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch comprises a drill bit body, a fixed blade wing is arranged on the drill bit body, a PDC tooth is arranged on the fixed blade wing, and a central flow channel is arranged on the drill bit body. The characteristic is that at least one self-rotating punch is arranged in the drill bit body, the self-rotating punch is composed of an upper punch and a lower shaft, the upper punch is provided with impact teeth, a punch central flow channel, a punch branch flow channel, and a connecting thread; a ratchet groove and a lower shaft central flow channel are arranged on the lower shaft, a spring and a sliding pin are arranged in the drill bit body, the sliding pin forms a sliding fit with the ratchet groove, the spring is arranged between the lower shaft and the drill bit body, and the sliding pin is fixedly arranged on the drill bit.
[0008] In the above scheme, the composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch includes a drill body, a fixed blade is arranged on the drill body, a PDC tooth is arranged on the fixed blade, and a central flow channel is arranged on the drill body. It is characterized in that: at least one self-rotating punch is arranged in the drill body, and the self-rotating punch is composed of an upper punch and a lower shaft, and the upper punch is provided with impact teeth, a punch central flow channel, a punch branch flow channel, and a connecting thread; a ratchet groove is arranged on the lower shaft, and a lower shaft central flow channel is arranged, and a spring and a sliding pin are arranged in the drill body, and the sliding pin forms a sliding fit with the ratchet groove, the spring is arranged between the lower shaft and the drill body, and the sliding pin is fixedly arranged on the drill. Reference Figures 7 to 11, the drilling fluid acts on the pressure-bearing surface of the lower shaft, and the sliding pin is at the top dead center. Figure 7 As shown, the entire lower shaft is pushed upward and the spring is compressed. At this time, the sliding pin slides with the ratchet groove on the lower shaft, and the sliding pin contacts the lower inclined surface of the ratchet groove, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 1 , due to the presence of the inclined surface on the ratchet groove, the inclined surface will push the lower shaft to rotate until the sliding pin is located at the bottom dead point of the ratchet groove, as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, the drilling fluid displacement is reduced at this time. Under the action of the spring, the lower shaft moves downward, and the sliding pin gradually reaches the upper inclined surface of the ratchet groove, as shown in the figure. Fig.10 As shown in FIG. 1 , the lower shaft is pushed to continue rotating under the action of the inclined plane until the lower shaft is located at the top dead center of the ratchet groove, as shown in FIG. Fig.11 As shown, the lower shaft moves and rotates at the same time, and the lower shaft is connected to the upper punch through a connecting thread, so that the lower shaft can drive the upper punch to impact up and down and rotate automatically. The punch improves the rock breaking efficiency through the composite drilling method of self-rotation and revolution. At the same time, after the punch rotates, the rock breaking range of the punch can be widened, and the probability of the impact tooth falling into the old pit can be reduced. The drilling also enters the central flow channel of the lower shaft through the central flow channel of the drill bit body, and then enters the central flow channel of the upper punch. Through the punch diversion channel, the bottom hole rock broken by the punch can be cleaned, thereby improving the bottom hole flow field of the composite drill bit and reducing the occurrence of repeated rock cutting by the drill bit.
[0009] As an option, the sliding pin is fixedly arranged on the drill body, and it is fixedly installed through a component unit composed of a bearing and a mounting sleeve.
[0010] In the above scheme, the sliding pin is fixed on the drill bit body, and it is fixed by a component unit composed of a bearing and a mounting sleeve. The sliding pin is fixed by a component unit composed of a bearing and a mounting sleeve. At this time, the sliding pin can rotate on its own. In this way, when the sliding pin contacts the ratchet groove, rolling replaces sliding, thereby reducing the friction coefficient and improving the transmission efficiency of the ratchet groove.
[0011] As an option, the PDC teeth arranged on the drill bit body are axe-shaped teeth, Mercedes-Benz teeth, or conical PDC teeth.
[0012] In the above scheme, the PDC teeth arranged on the drill bit body are axe-shaped teeth, Mercedes-Benz teeth, and conical PDC teeth. Cutting teeth of different shapes match different formations, thereby broadening the application range of the drill bit.
[0013] Alternatively, the self-rotating punch is provided with spherical teeth or spoon-shaped teeth.
[0014] In the above scheme, the self-rotating punch is provided with spherical teeth and spoon-shaped teeth, and impact teeth of different shapes match different formations, thereby broadening the application range of the drill bit.
[0015] Alternatively, the impact frequency P of the self-rotating punch has a value range of 1 Hz ≤ P ≤ 50 Hz.
[0016] In the above scheme, the impact frequency P of the self-rotating punch has a value range of 1 Hz ≤ P ≤ 50 Hz. Different rocks have different optimal impact frequencies, and the impact frequency and rock formation need to be matched to each other to improve the rock breaking efficiency of the composite drill bit.
[0017] Alternatively, the rotation speed R of the self-rotating punch has a value range of 5RPM≤R≤100RPM.
[0018] In the above scheme, the rotation speed R of the self-rotating punch has a value range of 5RPM≤R≤100RPM. Different rocks have different optimal impact rotation speeds. The impact rotation speed and the rock formation need to be matched to each other, so as to improve the comprehensive performance of the composite drill bit.
[0019] Beneficial effects:
[0020] 1. The punch is driven by drilling fluid to realize self-rotation and orbital revolution under the drill pipe. In this way, the punch improves the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit through a composite drilling method.
[0021] 2. After the punch rotates, the bottom area of the well impacted and crushed by the impact teeth gradually widens, thereby increasing the rock breaking range of the punch, reducing the difficulty of rock breaking, and improving the rock breaking efficiency of the composite drill bit.
[0022] 3. When the punch does not rotate, the impact teeth are prone to fall into the old pit. When the punch rotates, the probability of the impact teeth falling into the old pit can be reduced.
[0023] 4. The punch diversion channel can clean the bottom hole rock broken by the punch, improve the bottom hole flow field of the composite drill bit, and reduce the occurrence of repeated rock cutting by the drill bit.
[0024] 5. A sliding pin is provided on the drill body, which is fixed by a component unit consisting of a bearing and a mounting sleeve. The sliding pin is fixed by a component unit consisting of a bearing and a mounting sleeve. At this time, the sliding pin can rotate on its own. In this way, when the sliding pin contacts the ratchet groove, it rolls instead of sliding, thereby reducing the friction coefficient and improving the movement efficiency of the ratchet shaft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a composite drill bit having a self-rotating punch;
[0026] Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch;
[0027] Figure 3 A top view of a composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch;
[0028] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional picture of the upper punch;
[0029] Figure 5 It is a stereogram of the lower axis;
[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the sliding pin;
[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the sliding pin being located at the upper dead point of the ratchet groove;
[0032] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the sliding pin located at the lower slope of the ratchet groove
[0033] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the sliding pin being located at the bottom dead point of the ratchet groove;
[0034] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the sliding pin being located on the upper inclined surface of the ratchet groove;
[0035] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the sliding pin returning to the upper dead point of the ratchet groove;
[0036] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the drill bit with conical PDC teeth, axe teeth and Mercedes teeth;
[0037] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a drill bit provided with spherical impact teeth;
[0038] Markings in the figure:
[0039] 1-drill body; 12-drill center flow channel; 2-fixed blade; 21-PDC tooth; 22-conical PDC tooth; 23-axe tooth; 24-Benz tooth; 3-upper punch; 31-impact tooth; 311-spherical impact tooth; 32-punch center flow channel; 33-punch diverter channel; 34-connecting thread; 4-spring; 5-lower shaft; 51-ratchet groove; 52-lower shaft center flow channel; 53-pressure surface; 6-sliding pin; 61-bearing; 62-mounting sleeve; 7-nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0040] The following non-limiting examples are used to illustrate the present invention:
[0041] A composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch comprises a drill bit body, a fixed blade is arranged on the drill bit body, a PDC tooth is arranged on the fixed blade, and a central flow channel is arranged on the drill bit body. The characteristics are as follows: at least one self-rotating punch is arranged in the drill bit body, and the self-rotating punch is composed of an upper punch and a lower shaft, and the upper punch is provided with impact teeth, a punch central flow channel, a punch branch flow channel, and a connecting thread; a ratchet groove is arranged on the lower shaft, and a lower shaft central flow channel is arranged, a spring and a sliding pin are arranged in the drill bit body, and the sliding pin forms a sliding fit with the ratchet groove, the spring is arranged between the lower shaft and the drill bit body, and the sliding pin is fixedly arranged on the drill bit. Reference Figures 7 to 11, the drilling fluid acts on the pressure-bearing surface of the lower shaft, and the sliding pin is at the top dead center. Figure 7 As shown, the entire lower shaft is pushed upward and the spring is compressed. At this time, the sliding pin slides with the ratchet groove on the lower shaft, and the sliding pin contacts the lower inclined surface of the ratchet groove, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 1 , due to the presence of the inclined surface on the ratchet groove, the inclined surface will push the lower shaft to rotate until the sliding pin is located at the bottom dead point of the ratchet groove, as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, the drilling fluid displacement is reduced at this time. Under the action of the spring, the lower shaft moves downward, and the sliding pin gradually reaches the upper inclined surface of the ratchet groove, as shown in the figure. Fig.10 As shown in FIG. 1 , the lower shaft is pushed to continue rotating under the action of the inclined plane until the lower shaft is located at the top dead center of the ratchet groove, as shown in FIG. Fig.11 As shown, the lower shaft moves and rotates at the same time, and the lower shaft is connected to the upper punch through a connecting thread, so that the lower shaft can drive the upper punch to impact up and down and rotate automatically. The punch improves the rock breaking efficiency through the composite drilling method of self-rotation and revolution. At the same time, after the punch rotates, the rock breaking range of the punch can be widened, and the probability of the impact tooth falling into the old pit can be reduced. The drilling also enters the central flow channel of the lower shaft through the central flow channel of the drill bit body, and then enters the central flow channel of the upper punch. Through the punch diversion channel, the bottom hole rock broken by the punch can be cleaned, the bottom hole flow field of the composite drill bit is improved, and the occurrence of repeated rock cutting by the drill bit is reduced. Figure 1 , 2 , 3, 4, and 5.
[0042] Preferably, the sliding pin is fixedly arranged on the drill body, and is fixedly installed by a component unit consisting of a bearing and a mounting sleeve. The sliding pin is fixedly installed by a component unit consisting of a bearing and a mounting sleeve. At this time, the sliding pin can rotate, so that when the sliding pin contacts the ratchet groove, it rolls instead of sliding, thereby reducing the friction coefficient and improving the transmission efficiency of the ratchet groove. Figure 6 shown.
[0043] Preferably, the PDC teeth arranged on the drill bit body are axe-shaped teeth, Mercedes-Benz teeth, and conical PDC teeth. Cutting teeth of different shapes match different formations, thereby broadening the application range of the drill bit. Fig.12 shown.
[0044] Preferably, the self-rotating punch is provided with spherical teeth and spoon-shaped teeth, and the impact teeth of different shapes are matched with different formations, thereby broadening the application range of the drill bit, such as Fig.13 shown.
[0045] Preferably, the impact frequency P of the self-rotating punch has a value range of 1 Hz ≤ P ≤ 50 Hz. Different rocks have different optimal impact frequencies, and the impact frequency and rock formation need to be matched to each other to improve the rock breaking efficiency of the composite drill bit.
[0046] Preferably, the rotation speed R of the self-rotating punch is in the range of 5RPM≤R≤100RPM. Different rocks have different optimal impact rotation speeds. The impact rotation speed and the rock formation need to be matched with each other to improve the comprehensive performance of the composite drill bit.
[0047] The above description does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed through the above embodiments, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with the profession can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes by using the technical contents disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch, comprising a drill bit body, a fixed blade wing is arranged on the drill bit body, a PDC tooth is arranged on the fixed blade wing, and a central flow channel is arranged on the drill bit body, characterized in that: At least one self-rotating punch is arranged in the drill body, and the self-rotating punch is composed of an upper punch and a lower shaft. The upper punch is provided with impact teeth, a punch center flow channel, a punch branch flow channel, and a connecting thread; the lower shaft is provided with a ratchet groove and a lower shaft center flow channel, and a spring and a sliding pin are arranged in the drill body. The sliding pin forms a sliding fit with the ratchet groove, the spring is arranged between the lower shaft and the drill body, and the sliding pin is fixedly arranged on the drill.
2. The composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding pin is fixedly arranged on the drill body and is fixedly installed through a component unit consisting of a bearing and a mounting sleeve.
3. The composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The PDC teeth arranged on the drill bit body are axe-shaped teeth, Mercedes-Benz teeth, and conical PDC teeth.
4. The composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The self-rotating punch is provided with spherical teeth and spoon-shaped teeth.
5. The composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The impact frequency P of the self-rotating punch has a value range of 1 Hz ≤ P ≤ 50 Hz.
6. The composite drill bit with a self-rotating punch as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation speed R of the self-rotating punch has a value range of 5RPM≤R≤100RPM.