Combined heat and power system based on solid hydrogen storage

Abstract

The utility model relates to a cogeneration system based on solid hydrogen storage, which comprises a fuel cell energy supply unit, a heat dissipation main loop unit and a heat recovery unit, the fuel cell energy supply unit comprises a solid hydrogen storage module and a fuel cell stack, and the solid hydrogen storage module is connected with the fuel cell stack; a radiator is arranged between the output end and the input end of the fuel cell stack, and a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve which are communicated with each other are arranged at the output end and the input end of the fuel cell stack; the heat recovery unit comprises a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a water storage tank; the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are connected in series between the first three-way valve and the radiator; two ends of the first heat exchanger are connected with the solid hydrogen storage module, and two ends of the second heat exchanger are communicated with the water storage tank. According to the utility model, the heat released during the operation of the fuel cell is collected, the extra heat can be provided for the solid hydrogen storage and desorption, the heat in the solid hydrogen storage and charging process can be recovered, and the overall efficiency of the device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of solid-state hydrogen storage, in particular to a heat and power cogeneration system based on solid-state hydrogen storage. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cell power generation is an energy conversion device that directly converts the chemical energy of the supplied fuel into electrical energy. It is a power generation device that can continuously obtain electricity by continuously supplying fuel. Due to its advantages such as high power generation efficiency and good environmental characteristics, it has been actively developed in recent years.

[0003] In order to solve the safety issues of hydrogen storage and use, solid hydrogen storage alloy materials have been developed. The hydrogen storage principle of alloy hydrogen storage materials is to absorb heat and release hydrogen. The release of hydrogen can be regulated by regulating the ambient temperature of the alloy material.

[0004] In the prior art, heat recovery in fuel cell cogeneration systems mostly only recovers the extra heat released by the fuel cell, resulting in a certain amount of energy waste. Utility Model Content

[0005] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the defect that most of the electric energy and thermal energy generated by the fuel cell power generation system in the prior art only use and recover the additional heat released by the fuel cell, resulting in a certain amount of energy waste.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a cogeneration system based on solid hydrogen storage, comprising:

[0007] A fuel cell energy supply unit, the fuel cell energy supply unit comprising a solid-state hydrogen storage module and a fuel cell stack, the solid-state hydrogen storage module being connected to the fuel cell stack for supplying energy to the fuel cell stack;

[0008] A heat dissipation main circuit unit, the heat dissipation main circuit unit comprising a radiator, the radiator being arranged between the output end and the input end of the fuel cell stack, and the output end and the input end of the fuel cell stack being respectively provided with a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve, the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve being in communication;

[0009] A heat recovery unit, the heat recovery unit comprises a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a water tank, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are connected in series between the first three-way valve and the radiator; the output end and the input end of the first heat exchanger are respectively connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage module, and the input end and the input end of the second heat exchanger are connected to the water tank.

[0010] In one embodiment of the utility model, the heat dissipation main circuit unit also includes a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor is arranged between the first three-way valve and the output end of the fuel cell stack, and the second temperature sensor is arranged between the second three-way valve and the fuel cell stack.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, a third temperature sensor is provided between the first heat exchanger and the first three-way valve, a fourth temperature sensor is provided between the second heat exchanger and the radiator, and a fifth temperature sensor is provided between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present utility model, a first water pump is arranged between the radiator and the second three-way valve.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present utility model, a second water pump is provided between the output end of the first heat exchanger and the solid-state hydrogen storage module, and a third water pump is provided between the input port of the second heat exchanger and the water storage tank.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present utility model, an electric heating module is provided between the second water pump and the solid-state hydrogen storage module.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present utility model, a sixth temperature sensor is provided between the output end of the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the first heat exchanger.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell energy supply unit further includes an air compressor, and an output end of the air compressor is connected to the fuel cell stack.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, a filter is provided at the input end of the air compressor.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, a control module is further included, and the control module is electrically connected to the fuel cell energy supply unit, the heat dissipation main circuit unit and the heat recovery unit.

[0019] The above technical solution of the utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0020] The utility model discloses a cogeneration system based on solid-state hydrogen storage, which can collect the heat released during the operation of the fuel cell. Firstly, the extra heat during the operation of the fuel cell can provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage to release hydrogen, thereby reducing the power consumption of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management circuit; secondly, the heat during the solid-state hydrogen storage charging process can be recovered to improve the overall efficiency of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to make the content of the utility model easier to understand, the utility model is further described in detail according to the specific embodiments of the utility model in combination with the accompanying drawings, wherein

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of heat recovery during stable operation of a fuel cell stack in the utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of heat recovery during the solid-state hydrogen storage and hydrogen charging process in the utility model;

[0025] Explanation of the markings in the specification: 1. Fuel cell energy supply unit; 2. Heat dissipation main circuit unit; 3. Heat recovery unit; 4. Control module; 11. Solid-state hydrogen storage module; 12. Fuel cell stack; 13. Air compressor; 14. Filter; 21. Radiator; 22. First three-way valve; 23. Second three-way valve; 24. First temperature sensor; 25. Second temperature sensor; 26. First water pump; 27. Electric three-way temperature sensor; 28. Fourth temperature sensor; 29. ​​Fifth temperature sensor; 31. First heat exchanger; 32. Second heat exchanger; 33. Water tank; 34. Second water pump; 35. Electric heating module; 36. Sixth temperature sensor; 37. Third water pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] Reference Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the utility model discloses a heat and power cogeneration system based on solid hydrogen storage, comprising:

[0028] A fuel cell energy supply unit 1, wherein the fuel cell energy supply unit 1 comprises a solid-state hydrogen storage module 11 and a fuel cell stack 12, wherein the solid-state hydrogen storage module 11 is connected to the fuel cell stack 12 to supply energy to the fuel cell stack 12;

[0029] A heat dissipation main circuit unit 2, wherein a radiator 21 is provided between the output end and the input end of the fuel cell stack 12, and a first three-way valve 22 and a second three-way valve 23 are provided at the output end and the input end of the fuel cell stack 12, respectively, and the first three-way valve 22 and the second three-way valve 23 are connected;

[0030] The heat recovery unit 3 includes a first heat exchanger 31, a second heat exchanger 32 and a water tank 33. The first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 are connected in series between the first three-way valve 22 and the radiator 21; the output end and the input end of the first heat exchanger 31 are respectively connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 11, and the input end and the input end of the second heat exchanger 32 are connected to the water tank 33.

[0031] It can be imagined that the solid-state hydrogen storage module 11 in the fuel cell energy supply unit 1 is connected to the fuel cell stack 12, and is used for the function during the operation of the fuel cell stack 12. The fuel cell stack 12 will release a large amount of heat during operation, and this part of the heat will be dissipated through the heat dissipation main circuit unit 2 to ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell stack 12. Specifically, the heat dissipation is mainly carried out by the radiator 21 in the heat dissipation main circuit. The heat recovery unit 3 in the utility model is a first heat exchanger 31 and a second heat exchanger 32 connected in series on the heat dissipation main circuit unit 2, which is used to collect the emitted heat and output it to the required place. Among them, the input port and the output port of the first heat exchanger 31 are connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 11. When the solid-state hydrogen storage module 11 supplies energy to the fuel cell stack 12, it needs to provide heat externally to ensure stable and continuous release of hydrogen. Specifically, when the fuel cell is running stably, the coolant carrying additional heat flows through the first heat exchanger 31 to transfer heat to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank body, so as to provide heat for its stable and continuous release of hydrogen to maintain the operation of the stack. After the coolant carrying heat flows through the second heat exchanger 32 , the remaining heat is transferred to the water in the water storage tank 33 , and the heat is stored in the form of hot water. Finally, if there is excess heat in the coolant, it can be released through the radiator 21 .

[0032] The solid-state hydrogen storage module 11 needs to release heat during the hydrogen charging process, so it is necessary to isolate the main heat dissipation circuit from the fuel cell stack 12, and stop the heat transfer of the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32. Specifically, the first three-way valve 22 and the second three-way valve 23 are respectively provided at the output end and the input end of the fuel cell stack 12. The first three-way valve 22 and the second three-way valve 23 are adjusted to isolate the fuel cell stack 12 from the liquid circuit, reduce heat loss, and protect the internal structure from being damaged by the coolant when the stack is shut down. The hot coolant flowing out of the solid-state hydrogen storage transfers heat to the heat dissipation main circuit unit 2 through the plate heat exchanger. The coolant in the main circuit passes through the second heat exchanger 32 and transfers heat to the hot water in the water tank 33. When the water tank 33 side does not have the heat exchange capacity, the radiator 21 is turned on to dissipate heat for the coolant to ensure the heat dissipation requirements during the hydrogen charging process.

[0033] It should be noted that the medium circulating in the above-mentioned heat dissipation main circuit unit 2 is coolant, and heat is transferred and exchanged through the coolant. The medium circulating between the first heat exchanger 31 and the solid hydrogen storage module 11 is water, and similarly, the medium circulating between the second heat exchanger 32 and the water storage tank 33 is also water. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 are both plate heat exchangers with high heat transfer efficiency.

[0034] The utility model can collect the heat released during the operation of the fuel cell. Firstly, the extra heat during the operation of the fuel cell can provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage to release hydrogen, thereby reducing the power consumption of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management circuit; secondly, the heat during the solid-state hydrogen storage charging process can be recovered to improve the overall efficiency of the device.

[0035] Furthermore, the heat dissipation main circuit unit 2 also includes a first temperature sensor 24 and a second temperature sensor 25, wherein the first temperature sensor 24 is arranged between the first three-way valve 22 and the output end of the fuel cell stack 12, and the second temperature sensor 25 is arranged between the second three-way valve 23 and the fuel cell stack 12.

[0036] Specifically, the first temperature sensor 24 is arranged at the output end of the fuel cell stack 12, and the first temperature sensor 24 can detect the temperature of the coolant output from the fuel cell stack 12, while the second temperature sensor 25 is arranged at the port where the coolant is input into the fuel cell stack 12, and detects the real-time temperature of the coolant entering the fuel cell stack 12.

[0037] Furthermore, a third temperature sensor 27 is provided between the first heat exchanger 31 and the first three-way valve 22 , a fourth temperature sensor 28 is provided between the second heat exchanger 32 and the radiator 21 , and a fifth temperature sensor 29 is provided between the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 .

[0038] Specifically, the third temperature sensor 27 is installed close to the first heat exchanger 31, and is used to detect the temperature value of the coolant entering the first heat exchanger 31; the fifth temperature sensor 29 is installed close to the second heat exchanger 32, and is used to detect the temperature of the coolant entering the second heat exchanger 32; the fourth temperature sensor 28 is installed close to the radiator 21, and is used to detect the temperature of the coolant entering the radiator 21.

[0039] Furthermore, a first water pump 26 is provided between the radiator 21 and the second three-way valve 23 , and the first water pump 26 provides power for the circulation of the coolant.

[0040] Furthermore, a second water pump 34 is provided between the output end of the first heat exchanger 31 and the solid-state hydrogen storage module 11, and a third water pump 37 is provided between the input port of the second heat exchanger 32 and the water storage tank 33. Similarly, the second water pump 34 and the third water pump 37 provide power for the water circulation through the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32, respectively.

[0041] Furthermore, an electric heating module 35 is provided between the second water pump 34 and the solid-state hydrogen storage module 11. Specifically, in the initial operation of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 11, it needs to be started with the help of external heat. After the fuel cell stack 12 is operating normally, the electric heating module 35 can be turned off. As a preferred solution of the utility model, the electric heating module 35 is a PTC electric heater.

[0042] Furthermore, a sixth temperature sensor 36 is provided between the output end of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 11 and the first heat exchanger 31. Specifically, the sixth temperature sensor 36 is installed close to the solid-state hydrogen storage module 11 and is used to detect the temperature of heat released during the hydrogen charging process.

[0043] Furthermore, the fuel cell energy supply unit 1 further comprises an air compressor 13 , the output end of the air compressor 13 is connected to the fuel cell stack 12 ; and the input end of the air compressor 13 is provided with a filter 14 .

[0044] Furthermore, the outside air is pumped into the fuel cell stack 12 through the air compressor 13 to ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell stack 12; at the same time, the filter 14 is arranged at the input end of the air compressor 13 to ensure the purity of the air input into the fuel cell stack 12.

[0045] Furthermore, it also includes a control module 4 , which is electrically connected to the fuel cell energy supply unit 1 , the heat dissipation main circuit unit 2 and the heat recovery unit 3 .

[0046] Specifically, the control module 4 mainly controls each water pump, heat exchanger and radiator 21 to realize the automatic opening and closing of each valve, and secondly, it can also receive the value fed back by each temperature sensor to realize the automatic control of the whole system. As a preferred solution of the utility model, the operation of the control module 4 is based on the FCU control system.

[0047] In summary, the utility model introduces a cogeneration system based on solid-state hydrogen storage, which can collect the heat released during the operation of the fuel cell. Firstly, the extra heat during the operation of the fuel cell can provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage to release hydrogen, thereby reducing the power consumption of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management circuit; secondly, the heat during the solid-state hydrogen storage charging process can be recovered to improve the overall efficiency of the device.

[0048] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the invention of the utility model.

Claims

1. A heat and power cogeneration system based on solid hydrogen storage, characterized in that: include: A fuel cell energy supply unit, the fuel cell energy supply unit comprising a solid-state hydrogen storage module and a fuel cell stack, the solid-state hydrogen storage module being connected to the fuel cell stack for supplying energy to the fuel cell stack; A heat dissipation main circuit unit, the heat dissipation main circuit unit comprising a radiator, the radiator being arranged between the output end and the input end of the fuel cell stack, and the output end and the input end of the fuel cell stack being respectively provided with a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve, the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve being in communication; A heat recovery unit, the heat recovery unit comprises a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a water tank, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are connected in series between the first three-way valve and the radiator; the output end and the input end of the first heat exchanger are respectively connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage module, and the input end and the input end of the second heat exchanger are connected to the water tank.

2. The heat and power cogeneration system based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation main circuit unit further includes a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, wherein the first temperature sensor is arranged between the first three-way valve and the output end of the fuel cell stack, and the second temperature sensor is arranged between the second three-way valve and the fuel cell stack.

3. The heat and power cogeneration system based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third temperature sensor is disposed between the first heat exchanger and the first three-way valve, a fourth temperature sensor is disposed between the second heat exchanger and the radiator, and a fifth temperature sensor is disposed between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.

4. The heat and power cogeneration system based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first water pump is arranged between the radiator and the second three-way valve.

5. The heat and power cogeneration system based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second water pump is provided between the output end of the first heat exchanger and the solid-state hydrogen storage module, and a third water pump is provided between the input port of the second heat exchanger and the water storage tank.

6. The heat and power cogeneration system based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 5, characterized in that: An electric heating module is provided between the second water pump and the solid-state hydrogen storage module.

7. The combined heat and power system based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sixth temperature sensor is provided between the output end of the solid-state hydrogen storage module and the first heat exchanger.

8. The heat and power cogeneration system based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell energy supply unit also includes an air compressor, and an output end of the air compressor is connected to the fuel cell stack.

9. The heat and power cogeneration system based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 8, characterized in that: The input end of the air compressor is provided with a filter.

10. The heat and power cogeneration system based on solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a control module, which is electrically connected to the fuel cell energy supply unit, the heat dissipation main circuit unit and the heat recovery unit.

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