Sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-reducing composite board

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-reducing composite board, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials. The composite board comprises a photonic crystal layer, an interference channel layer and a porous material layer which are arranged in sequence, the phononic crystal layer comprises a plurality of phononic crystal units which are arranged in a periodic array; the phononic crystal unit comprises a first unit cell and a second unit cell; the photonic crystal unit comprises an elastomer material layer, a mass block and a resin material layer, and a whole formed by the elastomer material layer and the mass block is embedded into the resin material layer; the interference channel layer comprises a cavity and a plurality of flaky materials which are periodically arranged in the cavity; the porous material layer is mainly formed by compounding porous powder particles and a binding material; the photonic crystal layer, the interference channel layer and the porous material layer are combined to form a synergistic effect, so that the sound absorption, noise reduction and vibration reduction effects of the composite board are remarkably improved, and the composite board is suitable for noise treatment in a complex environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of composite materials, specifically to sound-absorbing plates, and particularly to a sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping composite board. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of urbanization and the popularization of transportation means, people are often disturbed by various noises and vibrations in their daily lives, which pose potential threats to both physical and mental health. The problems of urban noise and vibration are extremely complex. For example, a large number of rail transit stations are built underground. When a train passes through a station, the noise and vibration sources are mainly divided into three categories: (1) wheel-rail rolling noise (the main source of train noise) is transmitted into the station through the air propagation path; (2) secondary structure vibration and sound radiation caused by the wheel-rail track system; (3) reverberation noise inside the station caused by the voices of passengers and staff; these noises and vibrations constitute a complex noise source and sound field environment near the station, and it is extremely difficult to effectively control them. Therefore, noise and vibration have become problems that cannot be ignored in people's lives. To ensure that people can live and work in a relatively quiet environment, sound-absorbing and vibration-damping functional materials are highly favored.

[0003] Currently, materials usually focus on single functions such as sound insulation, sound absorption, or vibration damping, which is far from enough for noise control in complex environments. To reduce noise pollution in urban complex environments, researchers and engineers are actively exploring new materials and technologies to obtain more functional and environmentally friendly advanced materials. Therefore, developing a multifunctional composite board with simultaneous sound absorption, noise reduction, and vibration damping functions has extremely broad application prospects. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a multifunctional composite board with simultaneous sound absorption, noise reduction, and vibration damping functions, and a sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping composite board is proposed.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping composite board, which includes a phonon crystal layer, an interference channel layer, and a porous material layer arranged in sequence;

[0006] The phonon crystal layer includes a number of phonon crystal units arranged in a periodic array; the phonon crystal unit includes a first unit cell and a second unit cell; the first unit cell and the second unit cell are cuboid structures; the phonon crystal unit includes an elastomer material layer, a mass block, and a resin material layer, and the whole formed by the elastomer material layer and the mass block is embedded in the resin material layer; in the first unit cell, the elastomer material layer is filled in a hollow manner outside the mass block; in the second unit cell, the elastomer material layer is filled in a solid manner outside the mass block;

[0007] The interference channel layer includes a cavity and a plurality of sheet materials arranged periodically in the cavity, and a channel is reserved between adjacent sheet materials;

[0008] The porous material layer is mainly composed of a composite of porous powder particles and a bonding material.

[0009] A sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping composite board in the present utility model combines a phononic crystal layer, an interference channel layer and a porous material layer with specific structures to form a synergistic effect, significantly improving the sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping effects of the composite board, and is suitable for noise treatment in complex environments.

[0010] Among them, the phononic crystal layer can achieve excellent vibration-damping and sound-insulating effects through the principle of local resonance in the low-frequency (255~655 Hz) band; a band gap appears between the low frequencies in the phononic crystal plate; the principle of local resonance is generated by the mass blocks in the phononic crystal plate, that is, the mass blocks inside the phononic crystal perform displacement vibration, while the matrix does not vibrate, and the vibration energy is effectively dissipated during the transmission process, achieving the effects of vibration damping and sound insulation. The interference channel layer utilizes the Fabry-Perot principle and can achieve excellent sound-absorbing and noise-reducing effects through multi-layer film interference and destructive interference effects in the middle-frequency (600~2000 Hz) band; the periodic structure in the cavity of the interference channel layer enables the sound wave to be reflected multiple times in the channel and destructive interference to occur due to the phase difference, resulting in the weakening of the sound wave energy. The porous material layer can dissipate the sound wave energy through air friction and scattering in the pores in the high-frequency (>2000 Hz) band, achieving excellent sound-absorbing and noise-reducing effects; there are a large number of pore structures in the porous material layer. When the sound wave is incident on the microporous particle board layer, the sound wave will interact with the air molecules and particle wall surfaces in the pores, resulting in the dissipation of the sound wave energy. The synergistic effect of the three-layer structure realizes the high-efficiency sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping effects of the composite board in the full band. Each layer structure effectively plays its role in its specific frequency band, and the overall performance is enhanced through the coupling effect between the structures. The phononic crystal layer provides the suppression of low-frequency background noise for the other two layers, and the interference channel layer further enhances the noise reduction effect in the middle frequency and can guide some sound waves to the high-frequency band for noise reduction treatment by the porous material layer.

[0011] Among them, preferably, in the phononic crystal unit, the mass block has a spindle-shaped structure.

[0012] Preferably, the ratio of the unit cell sizes of the phononic crystal unit is a:b:c:d:L = 1:1:2:2:2.5; where L is the side length of the unit cell (resin material layer), a is the diameter of the mass block, b is the waist width, c is the length of the mass block, and d is the length of the elastomer material layer; more preferably, d = 8 mm, c = 8 mm, b = 4 mm, a = 4 mm, L = 10 mm.

[0013] Preferably, the resin material layer is an epoxy resin layer or a polymethyl methacrylate resin layer; the elastomer material layer is a polyurethane elastomer material layer or a silicone rubber material layer; the mass block is a metal block, such as aluminum, iron, lead, copper, alloy.

[0014] Preferably, the thickness of the phononic crystal layer is 5 - 15 mm.

[0015] Among them, preferably, in the interference channel layer, the sheet material is an arc-shaped sheet material; more preferably, the sheet material is a wavy sheet material.

[0016] Preferably, the sheet material is an S-shaped sheet; more preferably, the size ratio of the S-shaped sheet material is m:n:w = 1:2:4, where m is the sheet thickness, n is the arc radius, and w is the arc length; more preferably, m = 5 mm, n = 10 mm, w = 20 mm.

[0017] Preferably, in the interference channel layer, the channel width t set between adjacent sheet materials is 2 times the sheet thickness.

[0018] Preferably, the sheet material is an epoxy resin sheet material or a polymethyl methacrylate sheet material.

[0019] Preferably, the thickness of the interference channel layer is 15 - 35 mm.

[0020] Among them, preferably, in the porous material layer, the porous powder particles are one of expanded perlite, porous ceramic slag, porous volcanic stone, porous alumina, porous calcium carbonate, vitrified microspheres, expanded vermiculite.

[0021] Preferably, the particle size of the porous powder particles is 20 - 100 mesh.

[0022] Preferably, the bonding material is polyurethane resin or epoxy resin.

[0023] Preferably, the thickness of the porous material layer is 5 - 15 mm.

[0024] Among them, preferably, the sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping composite board is formed by bonding and compounding a phononic crystal layer, an interference channel layer and a porous material layer through a bonding material.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are:

[0026] 1. The sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping composite board of the present utility model includes a phononic crystal layer, an interference channel layer and a porous material layer with a specific structure, and simultaneously endows the composite board with excellent sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping properties.

[0027] 2. The three-layer structure of the sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping composite board of the present utility model effectively exerts its functions within its specific frequency band. Through the coupling effect between the structures, a synergistic effect is formed, achieving an efficient sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping effect in the full frequency band of the composite board.

[0028] 3. The sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping composite board of the present utility model has excellent sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping effects and occupies a small space. Compared with traditional vibration-damping, sound-insulating, sound-absorbing and other materials, it can significantly save the indoor use space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the composite board in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the phonon crystal layer in the composite board of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional view of the phonon crystal unit in the composite board of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the phonon crystal unit in the composite board of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional view of the interference channel layer in the composite board of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the interference channel layer in the composite board of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the sheet material in the composite board of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the porous material layer in the composite board of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the sheet material in the composite board of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0038] Reference numerals: 1 - phonon crystal layer; 11 - phonon crystal unit; 101 - first unit cell; 102 - second unit cell; 103 - resin material layer; 104 - elastomer material layer; 105 - mass block; 2 - interference channel layer; 21 - cavity; 22 - sheet material; 23 - channel; 201 - hollow inorganic particle; 3 - porous material layer; 31 - porous powder particle; 32 - adhesive material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0039] The present utility model will be further described in detail below in combination with test examples and specific embodiments. However, it should not be understood that the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present utility model is limited to the following embodiments. All technologies implemented based on the content of the present utility model belong to the scope of the present utility model.

[0040] Example 1:

[0041] A sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping composite board (as shown in Figure 1 ) is adhesively compounded by a phonon crystal layer 1, an interference channel layer 2 and a porous material layer 3 arranged in sequence;

[0042] Among them, the phonon crystal layer 1 (as shown in Figure 2 ) is composed of a number of phonon crystal units 11 arranged in a periodic array; the phonon crystal unit 11 (as shown in Figure 3 , 4 ) is composed of a first unit cell 101 and a second unit cell 102; the first unit cell 101 and the second unit cell 102 are cuboid structures; the phonon crystal unit 11 is composed of an elastomer material layer 104 (a polyurethane elastomer material layer), a spindle-shaped mass block 105 (an aluminum block) and a resin material layer 103 (an epoxy resin layer), and the whole formed by the elastomer material layer 104 and the mass block 105 is embedded in the resin material layer 103; in the first unit cell 101, the elastomer material layer 104 is filled in a hollow manner outside the mass block 105; in the second unit cell 102, the elastomer material layer 104 is filled in a solid manner outside the mass block 105; the dimensions of the phonon crystal unit 11 are: d = 8 mm, c = 8 mm, b = 4 mm, a = 4 mm, L = 10 mm, where L is the side length of the unit cell, a is the diameter of the mass block 105, b is the waist width, c is the length of the mass block 105, and d is the length of the elastomer material layer 104; the thickness of the phonon crystal layer 1 is 8 mm;

[0043] The interference channel layer 2 (as shown in Figure 5 , 6 ) is composed of a cavity 21 and a number of S-shaped epoxy resin sheet materials 22 (as shown in Figure 7 ) arranged in a periodic and staggered manner in the cavity 21, and a channel 23 is reserved between adjacent sheet materials 22, and the width of the channel 23 is twice the thickness of the sheet material 22; the dimensions of the S-shaped sheet material are: m = 5 mm, n = 10 mm, w = 20 mm, where m is the thickness of the sheet material, n is the arc radius, and w is the arc length; the thickness of the interference channel layer 2 is 20 mm;

[0044] The porous material layer 3 (as shown in Figure 8 ) is composed of porous powder particles 31 (50-mesh expanded perlite) and a bonding material (solvent-free polyurethane), with a thickness of 10 mm.

[0045] Example 2:

[0046] A sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping composite board is adhesively compounded by a phonon crystal layer 1, an interference channel layer 2 and a porous material layer 3 arranged in sequence;

[0047] Among them, the phonon crystal layer 1 is composed of a number of phonon crystal units 11 arranged in a periodic array; the phonon crystal unit 11 is composed of a first unit cell 101 and a second unit cell 102; the first unit cell 101 and the second unit cell 102 are cuboid structures; the phonon crystal unit 11 is composed of an elastomer material layer 104 (silicone rubber material layer), a spindle-shaped mass 105 (aluminum block) and a resin material layer 103 (polymethyl methacrylate resin layer), and the whole formed by the elastomer material layer 104 and the mass 105 is embedded in the resin material layer 103; in the first unit cell 101, the elastomer material layer 104 is hollow-filled outside the mass 105; in the second unit cell 102, the elastomer material layer 104 is solid-filled outside the mass 105; the dimensions of the phonon crystal unit 11 are: d = 8mm, c = 8mm, b = 4mm, a = 4mm, L = 10mm, where L is the side length of the unit cell, a is the diameter of the mass 105, b is the waist width, c is the length of the mass 105, and d is the length of the elastomer material layer 104; the thickness of the phonon crystal layer 1 is 8mm;

[0048] The interference channel layer 2 is composed of a cavity 21 and a number of wavy epoxy resin sheet materials 22 (such as Figure 9 shown) arranged in periodic staggered manner in the cavity 21, and a channel 23 is reserved between adjacent sheet materials 22, and the width of the channel 23 is 2 times the thickness of the sheet material 22; the dimensions of the wavy sheet material are: radius 2mm, thickness 2mm, arc length 4mm, where; the thickness of the interference channel layer 2 is 16mm.

[0049] The porous material layer 3 is compounded by porous powder particles 31 (20-mesh porous ceramic slag) and a bonding material (solvent-free polyurethane), with a thickness of 15mm.

[0050] Example 3:

[0051] A sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-damping composite board is adhesively compounded by a phonon crystal layer 1, an interference channel layer 2 and a porous material layer 3 arranged in sequence;

[0052] Among them, the phonon crystal layer 1 is composed of a number of phonon crystal units 11 arranged in a periodic array; the phonon crystal unit 11 is composed of a first unit cell 101 and a second unit cell 102; the first unit cell 101 and the second unit cell 102 are cuboid structures; the phonon crystal unit 11 is composed of an elastomer material layer 104 (a polyurethane elastomer material layer), spherical mass blocks 105 (iron blocks), and a resin material layer 103 (an epoxy resin layer). The whole formed by the elastomer material layer 104 and the mass blocks 105 is embedded in the resin material layer 103; in the first unit cell 101, the elastomer material layer 104 is hollow and filled outside the mass blocks 105; in the second unit cell 102, the elastomer material layer 104 is solid and filled outside the mass blocks 105; the dimensions of the phonon crystal unit 11 are: d = 8 mm, a = 4 mm, L = 10 mm, where L is the side length of the unit cell, a is the diameter of the mass block 105, and d is the length of the elastomer material layer 104; the thickness of the phonon crystal layer 1 is 10 mm;

[0053] The interference channel layer 2 is composed of a cavity 21 and a number of S-shaped epoxy resin sheet materials 22 arranged in a periodic and staggered manner in the cavity 21, and a channel 23 is reserved between adjacent sheet materials 22. The width of the channel 23 is twice the thickness of the sheet material 22; the dimensions of the S-shaped sheet material are: m = 3 mm, n = 6 mm, w = 24 mm, where m is the thickness of the sheet material, n is the arc radius, and w is the arc length; the thickness of the interference channel layer 2 is 35 mm;

[0054] The porous material layer 3 is composed of porous powder particles 31 (100-mesh porous alumina) and a bonding material (solvent-free polyurethane), and the thickness is 5 mm.

[0055] Comparative Example 1:

[0056] A composite board is bonded and compounded by the phonon crystal layer 1 and the interference channel layer 2;

[0057] Among them, the phonon crystal layer 1 is composed of a number of phonon crystal units 11 arranged in a periodic array; the phonon crystal unit 11 is composed of a first unit cell 101 and a second unit cell 102; the first unit cell 101 and the second unit cell 102 are cuboid structures; the phonon crystal unit 11 is composed of an elastomer material layer 104 (polyurethane elastomer material layer), a mass block 105 in a spindle shape (aluminum block), and a resin material layer 103 (epoxy resin layer). The whole formed by the elastomer material layer 104 and the mass block 105 is embedded in the resin material layer 103; in the first unit cell 101, the elastomer material layer 104 is hollow and filled outside the mass block 105; in the second unit cell 102, the elastomer material layer 104 is solid and filled outside the mass block 105; the dimensions of the phonon crystal unit 11 are: d = 8 mm, c = 8 mm, b = 4 mm, a = 4 mm, L = 10 mm, where L is the side length of the unit cell, a is the diameter of the mass block 105, b is the waist width, c is the length of the mass block 105, and d is the length of the elastomer material layer 104; the thickness of the phonon crystal layer 1 is 8 mm;

[0058] The interference channel layer 2 is composed of a cavity 21 and a number of S-shaped epoxy resin sheet materials 22 arranged in a periodic and staggered manner in the cavity 21, and a channel 23 is reserved between adjacent sheet materials 22. The width of the channel 23 is twice the thickness of the sheet material 22; the dimensions of the S-shaped sheet material are: m = 5 mm, n = 10 mm, w = 20 mm, where m is the thickness of the sheet material, n is the arc radius, and w is the arc length; the thickness of the interference channel layer 2 is 20 mm.

[0059] Comparative Example 2

[0060] A composite board is bonded and compounded by the interference channel layer 2 and the porous material layer 3;

[0061] The interference channel layer 2 is composed of a cavity 21 and a number of S-shaped epoxy resin sheet materials 22 arranged in a periodic and staggered manner in the cavity 21, and a channel 23 is reserved between adjacent sheet materials 22. The width of the channel 23 is twice the thickness of the sheet material 22; the dimensions of the S-shaped sheet material are: m = 5 mm, n = 10 mm, w = 20 mm, where m is the thickness of the sheet material, n is the arc radius, and w is the arc length; the thickness of the interference channel layer 2 is 20 mm;

[0062] The porous material layer 3 is composed of porous powder particles 31 (50-mesh expanded perlite) and a bonding material (solvent-free polyurethane) compounded together, with a thickness of 10 mm.

[0063] Comparative Example 3

[0064] A composite board is bonded and compounded by the phonon crystal layer 1 and the porous material layer 3;

[0065] Among them, the phonon crystal layer 1 is composed of a number of phonon crystal units 11 arranged in a periodic array; the phonon crystal unit 11 is composed of a first unit cell 101 and a second unit cell 102; the first unit cell 101 and the second unit cell 102 are cuboid structures; the phonon crystal unit 11 is composed of an elastomer material layer 104 (polyurethane elastomer material layer), a spindle-shaped mass 105 (aluminum block), and a resin material layer 103 (epoxy resin layer). The whole formed by the elastomer material layer 104 and the mass 105 is embedded in the resin material layer 103; in the first unit cell 101, the elastomer material layer 104 is hollow-filled outside the mass 105; in the second unit cell 102, the elastomer material layer 104 is solid-filled outside the mass 105; the size of the phonon crystal unit 11 is: d = 8mm, c = 8mm, b = 4mm, a = 4mm, L = 10mm, where L is the side length of the unit cell, a is the diameter of the mass 105, b is the waist width, c is the length of the mass 105, and d is the length of the elastomer material layer 104; the thickness of the phonon crystal layer 1 is 8mm;

[0066] The porous material layer 3 is composed of porous powder particles 31 (50-mesh expanded perlite) and a bonding material (solvent-free polyurethane), and has a thickness of 10mm.

[0067] Experimental Example 1: According to the reverberation room method of GBJ47-1983, the sound absorption coefficients and the average sound absorption coefficient (NRC) of the composite boards in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 at six frequencies of 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz, and 4000Hz were measured. The specific test results are shown in Table 1:

[0068] Table 1 Test results of the sound absorption coefficients of the composite boards

[0069] Serial number 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz NRC Example 1 0.96 0.92 0.95 0.78 0.74 0.82 0.862 Example 2 0.93 0.91 0.93 0.75 0.72 0.81 0.842 Example 3 0.94 0.92 0.92 0.76 0.71 0.82 0.845 Comparative Example 1 0.92 0.91 0.91 0.79 0.63 0.54 0.783 Comparative Example 2 0.25 0.33 0.30 0.79 0.86 0.83 0.560 Comparative Example 3 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.53 0.55 0.71 0.758

[0070] Analysis of test results: The materials of each layer of the composite boards in Examples 1-3 effectively played their roles in their specific frequency bands, and the overall performance was enhanced through the coupling effect between the structures, achieving high-efficiency noise reduction in the full frequency band.

[0071] Comparative Example 1 is composed of a phonon crystal layer and an interference channel layer, lacking a porous material layer. It has good sound absorption performance in the low and middle frequency bands, but in the high frequency band, due to the lack of the dissipation effect of the porous material on high-frequency sound waves, the noise reduction effect in the high frequency band is limited; this indicates that the porous material is crucial for high-frequency noise reduction.

[0072] Comparative Example 2 is composed of an interference channel layer and a porous material, lacking a phonon crystal layer. Its sound absorption performance in the low frequency band is extremely poor, but it has good sound absorption performance in the middle and high frequency bands. This indicates that the phonon crystal layer is indispensable for low-frequency noise reduction.

[0073] Comparative Example 3 consists of a phononic crystal layer and a porous material, lacking an interference channel layer. It has good sound absorption performance in the low-frequency and high-frequency bands, but poor sound absorption performance in the mid-frequency band. This indicates that the interference channel layer is of great significance for enhancing the mid-frequency noise reduction performance.

[0074] Experimental Example 2: According to the floor impact sound insulation experiment, it was carried out in accordance with the fixed microphone position measurement method when the impactor was used as the impact source in "Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and building elements - Part 7: Field measurement of impact sound insulation" GB / T 19889.7-2022 / ISO16283-2:2020. The model room was selected as the experimental object, and the composite boards in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were installed on the top of the room, and the impact experiment was carried out on the upper layer of the room. The experimental results are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Experimental results of floor impact sound insulation

[0075] Serial number Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Impact sound pressure level (dB) 63 65 66 76 81 75

[0076] Analysis of test results: The synergistic effect of the various layer structures of the composite boards in Examples 1-3 enables Examples 1-3 to efficiently dissipate vibration energy in the full frequency band, thereby reducing the impact sound pressure level.

[0077] The impact sound pressure level of Comparative Example 1 is higher than that of the Example. This shows that although it has a certain ability to dissipate vibration energy in the low-frequency and mid-frequency bands, due to the lack of the dissipation effect of the porous material layer on high-frequency sound waves, the overall vibration energy dissipation effect is not as good as that of the Example. Therefore, its impact sound pressure level is relatively high.

[0078] The impact sound pressure level of Comparative Example 2 is the highest, mainly because its vibration energy dissipation ability in the low-frequency band is almost zero, lacking the low-frequency noise reduction effect of the phononic crystal layer. Although there is a certain vibration energy dissipation effect in the mid-frequency and high-frequency bands, a large amount of vibration energy in the low-frequency band fails to be effectively dissipated, resulting in a significantly higher overall impact sound pressure level.

[0079] The impact sound pressure level of Comparative Example 3 is between that of the Example and Comparative Example 1, indicating that it has a good vibration energy dissipation effect in the low-frequency and high-frequency bands. However, due to the lack of the optimization effect of the interference channel layer in the mid-frequency band, the vibration energy dissipation in the mid-frequency band is not sufficient, resulting in a relatively high overall impact sound pressure level.

Claims

1. A sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-reducing composite panel, characterized in that: It comprises a phononic crystal layer (1), an interference channel layer (2) and a porous material layer (3) which are arranged in sequence; The phononic crystal layer (1) comprises a plurality of phononic crystal units arranged in a periodic array; the phononic crystal unit comprises a first unit cell (101) and a second unit cell (102); the first unit cell (101) and the second unit cell (102) are rectangular parallelepiped structures; the phononic crystal unit (11) comprises an elastic material layer (104), a mass block (105) and a resin material layer (103); the elastic material layer (104) and the mass block (105) are integrally embedded in the resin material layer (103); in the first unit cell (101), the elastic material layer (104) is hollowed out and filled outside the mass block (105); in the second unit cell (102), the elastic material layer (104) is solidly filled outside the mass block (105); The interference channel layer (2) comprises a cavity (21) and a plurality of sheet materials (22) periodically arranged in the cavity (21), and channels (23) are reserved between adjacent sheet materials (22); The porous material layer (3) is mainly composed of porous powder particles (31) and a bonding material.

2. The sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-reducing composite panel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mass block (105) is a spindle-shaped structure.

3. The sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-reducing composite panel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The resin material layer (103) is an epoxy resin layer or a polymethyl methacrylate resin layer; the elastic material layer (104) is a polyurethane elastic material layer or a silicone rubber material layer; and the mass block (105) is a metal block.

4. The sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-reducing composite panel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the phononic crystal layer (1) is 5-15 mm.

5. The sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-reducing composite panel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sheet material (22) is an arc-shaped sheet material (22).

6. The sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-reducing composite panel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sheet material (22) is a corrugated sheet material (22).

7. The sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-reducing composite panel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sheet material is an epoxy resin sheet material or a polymethyl methacrylate sheet material.

8. The sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-reducing composite panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interference channel layer (2) has a thickness of 15-35 mm.

9. The sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-reducing composite panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The porous powder particles (31) are one of expanded perlite, porous ceramic slag, porous volcanic rock, porous alumina, porous calcium carbonate, vitrified microspheres, and expanded vermiculite.

10. The sound-absorbing, noise-reducing and vibration-reducing composite panel according to claim 9, characterized in that: The thickness of the porous material layer (3) is 5-15 mm.

Images