Coal mining subsidence area side slope vegetation recovery structure

Abstract

The utility model provides a slope vegetation recovery structure for a coal mining subsidence area. The slope vegetation recovery structure comprises a vegetation blanket planting layer, a permeable layer, a purification layer, an underwater retaining wall, a vegetation pool unit and an intelligent irrigation unit. Wherein the vegetation blanket planting layer is located on a slope surface above a water accumulation area formed by the coal mining subsidence area, and the permeable layer is located below the vegetation blanket planting layer; the vegetation pool unit is positioned on a platform of the side slope; the underwater retaining wall is located at the bottom of the side slope, and the intelligent irrigation unit is arranged along the trend of the side slope. The underwater retaining wall is constructed at the toe of the side slope, so that the stability of the side slope can be ensured, and a growth space can be provided for underwater animals and plants. A stable vegetation growth space can be constructed for slope vegetation in the ecological restoration process of the coal mining subsidence area, and restoration of the slope vegetation of the coal mining subsidence area is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of vegetation restoration in mining areas, and particularly to a slope vegetation restoration structure in a coal mining subsidence area. Background Art

[0002] With the large-scale exploitation of coal resources, the area of surface subsidence has increased significantly, and the water accumulation area in the coal mining subsidence area has been continuously expanding. Usually, in the coal mining subsidence area, some land is restored to arable land by means such as digging deep and filling shallow. For large contiguous water accumulation areas with perennial waterlogging, high groundwater levels, and difficulty in restoring to arable land, a combination of engineering measures, vegetation measures, and biological measures can be taken to build artificial wetlands. During the process of land reclamation and the restoration of artificial wetlands, the artificial disturbance has a great impact on the slopes in the coal mining subsidence area, seriously interfering with the growth environment of slope vegetation, and it is difficult for vegetation to grow. Under the scour of surface runoff, the slopes in the coal mining subsidence area may cause soil erosion, slope instability, landslides and other phenomena in severe cases. At the same time, the mining area is rich in metal ions, and the slopes lack measures for runoff interception and nutrient collection, resulting in a large amount of metal ions and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus entering the water body of the water accumulation area with the scour of slope runoff, causing water pollution. Therefore, artificial measures are needed to repair and manage the slopes in the coal mining subsidence area. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, based on the above problems, the present utility model proposes a slope vegetation restoration structure in a coal mining subsidence area. During the treatment of the slopes in the coal mining subsidence area, a vegetative blanket planting layer, a permeable layer, and a purification layer are constructed on the slopes to provide a stable growth space for slope vegetation; a vegetative pool unit is constructed on the slope platform to intercept and filter slope runoff and slope nutrients, realizing the effective collection and utilization of slope soil, nutrients, and water resources; an underwater retaining wall is constructed at the slope toe, which can ensure the stability of the slope and also provide a growth space for underwater animals and plants. The present utility model can construct a stable vegetation growth space for slope vegetation during the ecological restoration process of the coal mining subsidence area, which is beneficial to the restoration of slope vegetation in the coal mining subsidence area.

[0004] A slope vegetation restoration structure in a coal mining subsidence area includes a vegetative blanket planting layer, a permeable layer, a purification layer, an underwater retaining wall, a vegetative pool unit, and an intelligent irrigation unit.

[0005] Among them, the vegetation blanket planting layer is located on the slope above the water accumulation area formed by the coal mining subsidence area and is used for planting herbaceous plants. The vegetation blanket planting layer is fixed by planting layer fixing anchors and a permeable layer to prevent the sliding of the vegetation blanket planting layer. The vegetation blanket planting layer has a total of five layers from top to bottom. The upper and lower layers of the outermost layer are both fiber meshes. The matrix layer is located in the middle. Above and below the matrix layer are bamboo charcoal fiber layers. A plant glue is used for bonding between the fiber mesh and the bamboo charcoal fiber layer to play a fixing role. The matrix layer is composed of topsoil, coal gangue, vermiculite, rice husk charcoal, and plant glue mixed in a certain proportion. Topsoil: coal gangue = 1:1, adding 5 - 8 Kg / m3 of rice husk charcoal, 0.8 - 1 Kg / m3 of vermiculite, 8 - 10 Kg / m3 of humic acid, and 1 - 1.5 Kg / m3 of plant glue. After mixing the matrix layer evenly, grass seeds are mixed with the matrix layer. The grass seeds can be bermudagrass, tall fescue, Chinese aster, ryegrass, canna, coreopsis, etc. The matrix layer of the vegetation blanket planting layer contains a certain proportion of plant glue, which can increase the bonding degree of the matrix layer and play a certain anti-slip and fixing role. Laying bamboo charcoal fiber layers above and below the matrix layer can use bamboo charcoal fiber to preliminarily purify surface water and groundwater. Moreover, the cross-section of the bamboo charcoal fiber is an oval round hole, which can achieve a large amount of absorption and evaporation of water vapor, ensure the moisture absorption and air permeability of the vegetation blanket, and is more suitable for plant growth. The grass seeds vary according to the position of the slope. Among them, the vegetation blanket planting layer 1 above the water accumulation area uses several of bermudagrass, tall fescue, Chinese aster, ryegrass, canna, coreopsis, etc. for mixing. The grass seeds in the vegetation blanket planting layer within the water accumulation area are vallisneria. The vallisneria is mixed with plant ash and then sown.

[0006] The permeable layer is located below the vegetation blanket planting layer. The function of the permeable layer is to drain the excess water in the soil during rainfall and at the same time provide a transmission channel for plants to absorb water from the soil by themselves. The permeable layer is composed of hollow permeable bricks. The inside of the hollow permeable brick is hollow. Laying the hollow permeable bricks along the slope forms a water delivery pipe with a water transmission function. Each permeable brick is fixed with concrete.

[0007] The purification layer is located below the permeable layer. The function of the purification layer is to isolate and purify, avoid the direct contact between groundwater and the vegetation layer, and preliminarily filter the rising groundwater. The purification layer is composed of a multi-aperture biochar adsorption material mixed with corn cobs, cotton straw, etc. and a microbial inoculant.

[0008] The vegetation pond unit is located on the platform of the slope. The vegetation pond is divided into upper and lower parts by a support plate. The upper part consists of a planting trough, support columns, a filter layer, a water inlet, a protective net, and a vegetation substrate. The lower part consists of a water collection tank and a water outlet. The bottom of the planting trough is circular and is composed of a mixture of permeable fiber and permeable concrete, which has properties such as being lightweight and resistant to deformation, and can effectively support the growth environment of vegetation. There is a vegetation substrate inside the planting trough. The vegetation substrate is a mixture of topsoil and coal gangue in a certain proportion, fully fermented with organic fertilizer, and at the same time, a certain proportion of microbial agents, perlite and other materials are added. Shrubs and arbors are planted in the planting trough. The arbors can be one or more of Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Robinia pseudoacacia, Prunus davidiana, Leucaena leucocephala, Armeniaca sibirica, Rhus typhina, etc., and the shrubs can be one or more of Forsythia suspensa, Amorpha fruticosa, Cinchona ledgeriana, Ulmus pumila cv. Pendula, Jungle Flower Catalpa, Acer palmatum cv. Atropurpureum, etc.

[0009] The support columns are located at the bottom of the planting trough and are connected to the support plate, playing a role in fixing and supporting the planting trough. The support columns are arranged at intervals, and the width of the support columns is the same as that of the planting trough. After being built with permeable bricks, they are fixed with permeable concrete. The water inlet is located on the uphill surface of the vegetation pond unit, outside the filter layer, and is used to collect the underground seepage of the permeable layer and the surface runoff of the vegetation blanket planting layer. The water inlets are arranged in two rows up and down at intervals. There is a protective net outside the water inlet, which can prevent the substances in the filter layer from flowing out of the water outlet, and at the same time, can also prevent external impurities from entering the filter layer. The filter layer is located outside the planting trough and consists of ceramsite, perlite, and multi-aperture biochar from top to bottom. There is a layer of microbial agent between each layer of materials. The filter layer can fully filter and decompose the impurities, heavy metal ions, and nitrogen and phosphorus macromolecular nutrients in the collected water resources, and can effectively reduce the risks of heavy metal pollution and water eutrophication. The support plate is formed by pouring permeable concrete and can play a role in support and water permeability. The support plate is built above the water collection tank, and the water collection tank is used to collect and store water. A water outlet is arranged on one side of the water collection tank connected to the lower slope, and the water outlet is connected to the permeable layer of the lower slope. When the water resources collected by the water collection tank exceed the water outlet, they are discharged from the water outlet and pass through the permeable layer to the next level in sequence until they are discharged into the water accumulation area.

[0010] The underwater retaining wall is located at the bottom of the slope. The underwater retaining wall consists of a concrete retaining wall, a vegetation cage, vegetation holes, and U-shaped anchors. The concrete retaining wall is formed by pouring ecological concrete and is arranged in a stepped shape, constituting the main part of the underwater retaining wall. The vegetation cage is located on the steps of the concrete retaining wall. The vegetation cage consists of a galvanized gabion cage and gravel and is in the shape of a cube. The vegetation cage is fixed to the concrete retaining wall by using U-shaped anchors 504, and the distance between the vegetation cages is 40 - 50 cm. In the gaps of the vegetation cage, a colloidal vegetation substrate formed by mixing plant glue and vegetation substrate is filled. Vegetation holes are arranged in the colloidal vegetation substrate, and submerged plants such as Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton crispus, Zizania latifolia, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Hydrilla verticillata, etc. can be cuttaged in the vegetation holes. The vegetation cage retains some gaps, which can provide a breeding space for fish.

[0011] The intelligent irrigation unit includes a soil temperature and humidity monitor, a water level monitor, a collecting pipe, a water delivery pipe, a No. 1 water pump, a No. 2 water pump, a water outlet, an irrigation nozzle, a control center, a photovoltaic panel, a distribution box, and a control room; the intelligent irrigation unit is connected to the soil temperature and humidity monitor, the water level monitor, the No. 1 water pump, and the No. 2 water pump through the control center; the control center is located in the control room; a control room is arranged above the vegetation pond unit at the top layer, and there is a distribution box in the control room; a photovoltaic panel is installed above the control room; the photovoltaic panel and the distribution box can provide power for the intelligent irrigation unit.

[0012] Soil temperature and humidity monitors are arranged in both the planting trough and the vegetation blanket planting layer; a water level monitor is installed in the water collecting tank; the No. 1 water pump is located in the water accumulation area. The No. 1 water pump is connected to the water outlet through the collecting pipe. The water outlet is located above the filter layer of the vegetation pond unit. After passing through the filtration of the filter layer, it enters the water collecting tank; the height of the water level monitor is lower than the water outlet; the No. 2 water pump is located in the water collecting tank. The No. 2 water pump is connected to the water delivery pipe. The water delivery pipe is located inside the vegetation pond unit and the vegetation blanket planting layer. The water delivery pipe is a first-level multi-branch type, and each branch water delivery pipe is connected with an irrigation nozzle. The irrigation nozzles are respectively arranged in the planting trough and the vegetation blanket planting layer.

[0013] This patent constructs a vegetation restoration structure on the slope above the water accumulation area formed in the coal mining subsidence area, which can realize the collection and purification of slope water resources, reduce the eutrophication and heavy metal ion pollution of the water body in the water accumulation area; by constructing a vegetation blanket planting layer, a permeable layer, and a purification layer on the slope, the slope runoff can be effectively collected, and the preliminary purification of groundwater by plants can be realized, ensuring the growth safety of vegetation and providing a stable growth space for vegetation growth; by constructing a vegetation pond unit, a growth space can be provided for shrubs and arbors, and at the same time, the purification and storage of irrigation water can be realized; by constructing an intelligent irrigation unit, the purification and reuse of water resources can be effectively allocated, the intelligent irrigation of slope vegetation can be realized, and the use of photovoltaic panels can save energy. Description of the Drawings

[0014] Figure 1 Structural diagram of the present utility model

[0015] Figure 2 Structural diagram of the slope layout of the present utility model

[0016] Figure 3 Side view of the vegetation pond unit of the present utility model

[0017] Figure 4 Structural diagram of the intelligent irrigation unit 6 of the present utility model

[0018] Figure 5 Cross-sectional view of the vegetation pond unit of the present utility model

[0019] Figure 6 Structural diagram of the underwater retaining wall of the present utility model

[0020] Figure 7 Working principle diagram of the intelligent irrigation of the present utility model

[0021] List of reference numerals:

[0022] Vegetation blanket planting layer 1, fiber mesh 101, bamboo charcoal fiber layer 102, matrix layer 103, planting layer fixing anchor 104, permeable layer 2, hollow permeable brick 201, water delivery pipe 202, purification layer 3, vegetation pond unit 4, planting groove 401, support column 402, filter layer 403, support plate 404, water inlet 405, water collection tank 406, first outlet 407, protective net 408, vegetation substrate 409, underwater retaining wall 5, concrete retaining wall 501, vegetation cage 502, vegetation hole 503, U-shaped anchor 504, colloidal vegetation substrate 505, intelligent irrigation unit 6, soil temperature and humidity monitor 601, water level monitor 602, water collection pipe 603, water delivery pipe 604, No. 1 water pump 605, No. 2 water pump 606, second outlet 607, irrigation nozzle 608, control center 609, photovoltaic panel 610, distribution box 611, control room 612. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] The present invention will be further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed implementation manners. It should be understood that the following detailed implementation manners are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to the directions in the accompanying drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" respectively refer to the directions towards or away from the geometric center of a specific component.

[0024] This embodiment provides a slope vegetation restoration structure for coal mining subsidence areas, which can achieve slope vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation in coal mining subsidence areas, and at the same time can prevent heavy metals, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, etc. from entering the water body of the water accumulation area through rainfall leaching. This system can be applied to the restoration and reuse process of coal mining subsidence land in mining areas, and can effectively achieve ecological restoration of the slopes in coal mining subsidence areas.

[0025] Step 1. Remove the floating stones on the slope, strip and collect the topsoil of the slope, and the stripping thickness is about 20 cm. Install an underwater retaining wall on the slope in the water accumulation area.

[0026] Step 2. Trim the slope into a stepped shape. Build vegetation ponds at the platforms, and lay a purification layer, a permeable layer, and a vegetation blanket planting layer on the slope from bottom to top in sequence.

[0027] Step 3. Install an irrigation device. The layout of the water delivery pipe and the water collection pipe is carried out synchronously with the vegetation pond unit, the purification layer, the permeable layer, and the vegetation blanket planting layer.

[0028] As Figure 1 shown, a slope vegetation restoration structure for a coal mining subsidence area in this embodiment includes a vegetation blanket planting layer 1, a permeable layer 2, a purification layer 3, an underwater retaining wall 4, a vegetation pond unit 5, and an intelligent irrigation unit 6.

[0029] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the vegetation planting layer 1 is located on the upper slope of the water accumulation area formed by the coal mining subsidence area and is used for planting herbaceous plants. The vegetation planting layer of the vegetation blanket is fixed by the planting layer fixing anchor 104 and the permeable layer 2 to prevent the vegetation planting layer 1 from sliding. The vegetation planting layer 1 has a total of five layers from top to bottom. The upper and lower layers of the outermost layer are both fiber meshes 101, the matrix layer 103 is located in the middle, and the upper and lower parts of the matrix layer 103 are bamboo charcoal fiber layers 102 respectively. The fiber mesh 101 and the bamboo charcoal fiber layer 102 are bonded with plant glue to play a fixing role. The matrix layer 103 is composed of topsoil, coal gangue, vermiculite, rice husk charcoal, and plant glue mixed in a certain proportion. The ratio of topsoil to coal gangue is 1:1, with 5 - 8 Kg / m3 of rice husk charcoal added, 0.8 - 1 Kg / m3 of vermiculite, 8 - 10 Kg / m3 of humic acid, and 1 - 1.5 Kg / m3 of plant glue. After mixing the matrix layer 103 evenly, grass seeds are mixed with the matrix layer 103. The grass seeds can be bermudagrass, tall fescue, Chinese aster, ryegrass, canna, coreopsis, etc. The matrix layer 103 of the vegetation planting layer 1 contains a certain proportion of plant glue, which can increase the bonding degree of the matrix layer and play a certain anti-slip and fixing role. Laying bamboo charcoal fiber layers 102 on both the upper and lower sides of the matrix layer 103 can use bamboo charcoal fiber to preliminarily purify surface water and groundwater. Moreover, the cross-section of the bamboo charcoal fiber is an oval round hole, which can realize the large absorption and evaporation of water vapor, ensure the moisture absorption and air permeability of the vegetation blanket, and be more suitable for plant growth. The grass seeds vary according to the position of the slope. Among them, the vegetation planting layer 1 located above the water accumulation area uses several of bermudagrass, tall fescue, Chinese aster, ryegrass, canna, coreopsis, etc. for mixing. The grass seeds in the vegetation planting layer 1 located in the water accumulation area are vallisneria. The vallisneria is mixed with plant ash and then sown.

[0030] As Figure 2 shown, the permeable layer 2 is located below the vegetation planting layer 1. The function of the permeable layer 2 is to drain the excess water in the soil during rainfall and at the same time provide a transmission channel for the plants to absorb water from the soil by themselves. The permeable layer 2 is composed of hollow permeable bricks 201. The inside of the hollow permeable brick 201 is hollow. Laying the hollow permeable bricks 201 along the slope forms a water delivery pipe 202 with a water transmission function, and each permeable brick is fixed with concrete.

[0031] As Figure 2 shown, the purification layer 3 is located below the permeable layer 2. The function of the purification layer 3 is to isolate and purify, avoid the direct contact between groundwater and the vegetation layer, and preliminarily filter the rising groundwater. The purification layer 3 is composed of a multi-aperture biochar adsorption material composed of corn cob, cotton straw, etc. and a microbial agent mixed together.

[0032] As Figure 3As shown in the figure, the vegetation pond unit 4 is located on the platform of the slope. The vegetation pond 4 is divided into upper and lower parts by the support plate 404. The upper part consists of a planting groove 401, support columns 402, a filter layer 403, a water inlet 405, a protective net 408, and a vegetation substrate 409. The lower part consists of a water collection tank 406, a first outlet 407, and a protective net 408. The bottom of the planting groove 401 is circular and is composed of a mixture of permeable fiber and permeable concrete, which has properties such as being light, thin, and resistant to deformation, and can effectively support the growth environment of vegetation. There is a vegetation substrate 409 inside the planting groove 401. The vegetation substrate 409 is made by mixing topsoil and coal gangue in a certain proportion, fully fermenting it with organic fertilizer, and then adding a certain proportion of microbial agents, perlite and other materials. Shrubs and arbors are planted in the planting groove 401. The arbors can be one or more of Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Robinia pseudoacacia, Prunus davidiana, Leucaena leucocephala, Armeniaca sibirica, Rhus typhina, etc. The shrubs can be one or more of Forsythia suspensa, Amorpha fruticosa, Cinchona ledgeriana, Ulmus pumila cv. Pendula, Jungle Flower Catalpa, Acer palmatum cv. Atropurpureum, etc.

[0033] The support columns 402 are located at the bottom of the planting groove 401 and are connected to the support plate 403, playing the role of fixing and supporting the planting groove 401. The support columns 402 are arranged at intervals, and the width of the support columns 402 is the same as the width of the planting groove 401. After being built with permeable bricks, they are fixed with permeable concrete. The water inlet 405 is located on the uphill surface of the vegetation pond unit 4 and outside the filter layer 403, and is used to collect the underground seepage of the permeable layer 2 and the surface runoff of the vegetation carpet planting layer 1. The water inlet 405 has two rows up and down, arranged at intervals. There is a protective net 408 outside the water inlet 405. The protective net 408 can prevent the substances in the filter layer 403 from flowing out through the water inlet 405, and at the same time can also prevent external impurities from entering the filter layer 403. The filter layer 403 is located outside the planting groove 401 and is composed of ceramsite, perlite, and multi-aperture biochar from top to bottom. There is a layer of microbial agent between each layer of materials. The filter layer 403 can fully filter and decompose the impurities, heavy metal ions, and nitrogen and phosphorus macromolecular nutrients in the collected water resources, and can effectively reduce the risks of heavy metal pollution and water eutrophication. The support plate 404 is formed by pouring permeable concrete and can play the role of support and water permeability. The support plate 404 is built above the water collection tank 406, and the water collection tank 406 is used to collect and store water. A first outlet 407 is provided on one side of the water collection tank 406 connected to the lower slope. The first outlet 407 is connected to the permeable layer 2 of the lower slope. When the water resources collected by the water collection tank 406 exceed the first outlet 407, they are discharged through the first outlet 407, and then pass through the permeable layer 2 to the next level in turn until they are discharged into the water accumulation area.

[0034] As Figure 6As shown in the figure, the underwater retaining wall 5 is located at the bottom of the slope. The underwater retaining wall 5 is composed of a concrete retaining wall 501, a vegetation cage 502, vegetation holes 503, and U-shaped anchors 504. Among them, the concrete retaining wall 501 is formed by pouring ecological concrete and is arranged in a stepped shape, constituting the main part of the underwater retaining wall. The vegetation cage 502 is located on the steps of the concrete retaining wall 501. The vegetation cage 502 is composed of a galvanized gabion cage and gravel and is in the shape of a cube. The vegetation cage 502 is fixed on the concrete retaining wall 501 by using U-shaped anchors 504, and the distance between the vegetation cages 502 is 40 - 50 cm. A colloidal vegetation substrate 505 formed by mixing plant glue and a vegetation substrate is filled in the gaps of the vegetation cage 502. Vegetation holes 503 are arranged in the colloidal vegetation substrate 505, and submerged plants such as Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton crispus, Zizania latifolia, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Hydrilla verticillata, etc. can be cuttaged in the vegetation holes 503. Some gaps are left in the vegetation cage 502 to provide a breeding space for fish.

[0035] As Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the intelligent irrigation unit 6 includes a soil temperature and humidity monitor 601, a water level monitor 602, a collecting pipe 603, a water delivery pipe 604, a No. 1 water pump 605, a No. 2 water pump 606, a second water outlet 607, an irrigation sprinkler 608, a control center 609, a photovoltaic panel 610, a distribution box 611, and a control room 612. The intelligent irrigation control unit 6 is connected to the soil temperature and humidity monitor 601, the water level monitor 602, the No. 1 water pump 605, and the No. 2 water pump 606 through the control center 609. The control center 609 is located in the control room 612. The control room 612 is arranged above the vegetation pond unit 4 at the top layer. There is a distribution box 611 and a control center 609 in the control room 612, and a photovoltaic panel 610 is installed above the control room 612. The photovoltaic panel 610 and the distribution box 611 can provide power for the intelligent irrigation unit 6.

[0036] Soil temperature and humidity monitors 601 are arranged in both the planting trough 401 and the vegetation blanket planting layer 1 to track the soil water content and temperature of the vegetation growth environment. A water level monitor 602 is installed in the water collecting tank 406, and the water level monitor 602 is used to monitor the water storage capacity in the water collecting tank 406. The soil temperature and humidity monitor 601 and the water level monitor 602 can carry out synchronous operations during irrigation to achieve synchronous irrigation and water replenishment of the water collecting tank.

[0037] The soil temperature and humidity monitor 601 is used to monitor the water content of the soil in the vegetation blanket planting layer 1 and the planting tank 401. When the soil water content is lower than the set threshold, the soil temperature and humidity monitor 601 transmits a water demand signal to the control center 609. The control center 609 turns on the No. 2 water pump 604 for vegetation irrigation. When the soil water content reaches the set threshold, the soil temperature and humidity monitor 601 transmits a signal to stop irrigation to the control center 609, and the control center 609 turns off the No. 2 water pump 604, and the irrigation ends.

[0038] As Figure 4 shown, the water level monitor 602 is used to monitor the water storage volume in the water collection tank 406. The position of the water level monitor 602 can ensure that the water storage volume in the water collection tank 406 can meet the minimum irrigation water demand. When the water level line is lower than the water level monitor 602, the water level monitor 602 transmits a water storage signal to the control center 609. The control center 609 turns on the No. 1 water pump 605. The No. 1 water pump 605 is located in the water accumulation area. The water pump 605 is connected to the water outlet two 607 through the water collection pipe 603. The water outlet two 607 is located above the filter layer 403 of the vegetation pond unit 4. After passing through the filtration of the filter layer 403, it enters the water collection tank 406. When the water level height in the water collection tank 406 reaches the position of the water level monitor 602, the water level monitor 602 transmits a signal to the control center 609, and the control center 609 turns off the No. 1 water pump 605 to stop water intake. By using the water level monitor 602, a certain water storage volume can always be maintained in the water collection tank 406. The height of the water level monitor 602 is lower than the water outlet one 407, which can provide a certain storage space for natural infiltration.

[0039] The No. 2 water pump 606 is located in the water collection tank 406. The No. 2 water pump is connected to the water delivery pipe 604. The water delivery pipe 604 is located inside the vegetation pond unit 4 and the vegetation blanket planting layer 1. The water delivery pipe 604 is a first-level multi-branch, and each branch water delivery pipe 604 is connected with an irrigation nozzle 608. The irrigation nozzles 608 are respectively arranged in the planting tank 401 and the vegetation blanket planting layer 1.

[0040] The technical means disclosed in the solution of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features.

Claims

1. A coal mining subsidence area slope vegetation restoration structure, characterized by: The invention comprises a vegetation blanket planting layer (1), a permeable layer (2), a purification layer (3), an underwater retaining wall (5), a vegetation pool unit (4), and an intelligent irrigation unit (6); wherein the vegetation blanket planting layer (1) is located on the slope surface above the water accumulation area formed in the coal mining subsidence area, and the permeable layer (2) is located below the vegetation blanket planting layer (1); the vegetation pool unit (4) is located on the platform of the slope; the underwater retaining wall (5) is located at the bottom of the slope, and the intelligent irrigation unit (6) is arranged along the direction of the slope.

2. The coal mining subsidence area slope vegetation restoration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetation blanket planting layer (1) has five layers from top to bottom, wherein the outermost upper and lower layers are both fiber nets (101), the matrix layer (103) is located in the middle, and bamboo charcoal fiber layers (102) are respectively arranged above and below the matrix layer (103).

3. The coal mining subsidence area slope vegetation restoration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permeable layer (2) is composed of hollow permeable bricks (201), the interior of the hollow permeable bricks (201) is hollow, and the hollow permeable bricks (201) are laid along the slope to form a water transport pipe (202) with a water transport function, and each permeable brick is fixed with concrete.

4. The coal mining subsidence area slope vegetation restoration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purification layer (3) is composed of a mixture of multi-porous biochar adsorption material and microbial inoculants.

5. The coal mining subsidence area slope vegetation restoration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetation pool unit (4) is divided into two parts, an upper part and an lower part, by a support plate (404), wherein the upper part is composed of a planting trough (401), a support column (402), a filter layer (403), a water inlet (405), a protective net (408), and a vegetation matrix (409), and the lower part is composed of a water collection box (406) and a water outlet (407); wherein the lower bottom of the planting trough (401) is circular; the planting trough (401) has a vegetation matrix (409) inside, and irrigated plants are planted in the planting trough (401). The support column (402) is located at the bottom of the planting trough (401) and connected to the support plate (404); the support columns (402) are arranged at intervals, and the width of the support columns (402) is the same as the width of the planting trough (401); the water inlet (405) is located on the upslope surface of the vegetation pool unit (4) and outside the filter layer (403), and is used to collect underground seepage from the permeable layer (2) and surface confluence from the vegetation blanket planting layer (1), and the water inlet (405) is arranged in two rows, upper and lower, at intervals; A protective net (408) is provided on the outside of the water inlet (405); the filter layer (403) is located on the outside of the planting trough (401); the support plate (404) is built above the water collecting box (406); a water outlet 1 (407) is provided on one side of the water collecting box (406) connected to the lower slope; the water outlet 1 (407) is connected to the permeable layer (2) of the lower slope.

6. The coal mining subsidence area slope vegetation restoration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underwater retaining wall (5) is composed of a concrete retaining wall (501), a vegetation cage (502), a vegetation hole (503), and a U-shaped anchor (504); the concrete retaining wall (501) is formed by casting ecological concrete, arranged in a stepped shape, and constitutes the main part of the underwater retaining wall; the vegetation cage (502) is located on the step of the concrete retaining wall (501), and the vegetation cage (502) is composed of a galvanized gabion cage and crushed stone, and is in a cubic shape; the vegetation cage (502) is fixed to the concrete retaining wall (501) by using the U-shaped anchor (504), and the interval between the vegetation cages (502) is 40-50 cm; the gaps in the vegetation cage (502) are filled with a gelatinous vegetation matrix (505) formed by mixing plant glue and a vegetation matrix, and the vegetation hole (503) is arranged in the gelatinous vegetation matrix (505).

7. The coal mining subsidence area slope vegetation restoration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent irrigation unit (6) includes a soil temperature and humidity monitor (601), a water level monitor (602), a water collection pipe (603), a water delivery pipe (604), a No. 1 pump (605), No. 2 pump (606), a second water outlet (607), an irrigation nozzle (608), a control center (609), a photovoltaic panel (610), a distribution box (611) and a control room (612); the intelligent irrigation unit (6) is connected to a soil temperature and humidity monitor (601), a water level monitor (602), a No. 1 pump (605) and a No. 2 pump (606) through the control center (609); the control center (609) is located in the control room (612); a control room (612) is arranged above the vegetation pool unit (4) located at the top layer, and a distribution box (611) is arranged in the control room (612); a photovoltaic panel (610) is installed above the control room (612); and power can be provided to the intelligent irrigation unit (6) through the photovoltaic panel (610) and the distribution box (611).

8. The coal mining subsidence area slope vegetation restoration structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: Soil temperature and humidity monitors (601) are arranged in the planting trough (401) and the planting layer (1) of the vegetation blanket; a water level monitor (602) is installed in the water collecting box (406); The first pump (605) is located in the water accumulation area. The first pump (605) is connected to the second water outlet (607) through the water collecting pipe (603). The second water outlet (607) is located above the filter layer (403) of the vegetation pool unit (4). After being filtered by the filter layer (403), the water enters the water collecting box (406). The height of the water level monitor (602) is lower than the first water outlet (407). The second pump (606) is located in the water collecting box (406). The second pump is connected to the water pipe (604). The water pipe (604) is located inside the vegetation pool unit (4) and the vegetation blanket planting layer (1). The water pipe (604) is a first-level multi-branch. Each branch water pipe (604) is connected to an irrigation nozzle (608). The irrigation nozzle (608) is respectively arranged in the planting trough (401) and the vegetation blanket planting layer (1).

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