Substrate layer structure of clay mineral pit filling reclamation cultivated land
By adopting a base layer structure in clay pits, including geo-seepage anti-seepage layer, drainage layer and filling layer, the technical problem of clay pit reclamation into arable land has been solved, and resource reuse and ecological environment have been improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421972603.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-15
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology cannot effectively reclaim clay pits into cultivated land, resulting in waste of land resources and ecological environment pollution.
A base layer structure is adopted, including a geo-seepage anti-seepage layer, a drainage layer and a filling layer from bottom to top. The filling layer consists of a building solid waste layer, a coal gangue layer and a soil cover layer, and the surface planting layer is used for vegetation restoration.
Through the construction of the filling layer, the reuse of waste resources has been achieved, and a farmland base system with water retention and drainage capabilities has been established, which effectively improves the ecological environment and reduces the risk of pollution.
Smart Images
Figure CN222908839U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of clay mines, and particularly relates to a base layer structure for filling and reclaiming cultivated land in a clay mine pit. Background Art
[0002] The mining methods of clay mines are generally extensive, mainly open-pit mining. The large-area stripping in the area has caused serious damage to the topographic and geomorphic landscapes and land resources. The sequelae of clay mine mining are serious. After mining, a large number of abandoned mine pits and industrial sites are often left, which not only occupy a large amount of land resources, but also have a serious impact on surface vegetation, geomorphic forms, soil structures, etc. Existing clay mine pit repair methods mostly focus on the vegetation revegetation of slopes and pit bottoms. How to reclaim clay mine pits into cultivated land is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Content of the Utility Model
[0003] In view of various deficiencies of the prior art, a base layer structure for filling and reclaiming cultivated land in a clay mine pit is proposed to solve the technical problem that the prior art cannot realize reclaiming a clay mine pit into cultivated land.
[0004] To achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:
[0005] A base layer structure for filling and reclaiming cultivated land in a clay mine pit, which successively includes a geotechnical anti-seepage layer, a drainage layer and a filling layer from bottom to top. A surface planting layer is arranged above the filling layer;
[0006] The filling layer successively includes a construction waste layer, a coal gangue layer and a soil covering layer. The construction waste layer is arranged adjacent to the drainage layer, and the soil covering layer is arranged adjacent to the surface planting layer.
[0007] This technical solution is further set as that the geotechnical anti-seepage layer is laid on both the bottom and side walls of the clay mine pit. The geotechnical anti-seepage layer includes a geotextile and an HDPE anti-seepage membrane, and the geotextiles are laid on both sides of the HDPE anti-seepage membrane.
[0008] This technical solution is further set as that the geotechnical anti-seepage layer further includes a soil anti-seepage layer, and the soil anti-seepage layer is located on the side of the HDPE anti-seepage membrane away from the bottom and side walls of the clay mine pit.
[0009] This technical solution is further set as that the drainage layer includes a graded gravel layer, and a plurality of drainage blind pipes are laid inside the graded gravel layer. The drainage blind pipes are set as filter pipes.
[0010] This technical solution is further configured such that the several blind drain pipes are communicated with the sump through a main drain pipe, the main drain pipe is configured as a filter pipe, and the blind drain pipes and the main drain pipe are respectively laid along the transverse and longitudinal slopes of the graded gravel layer.
[0011] This technical solution is further configured such that the transverse and longitudinal slopes of the graded gravel layer are 1%-3%.
[0012] This technical solution is further configured such that the drainage layer further includes a geotextile filter, and the geotextile filter is located between the graded gravel layer and the construction waste layer.
[0013] This technical solution is further configured such that multiple layers of coal gangue layers are laid, and a soil covering layer is laid above each layer of coal gangue layer.
[0014] This technical solution is further configured such that the single-layer thickness of the coal gangue layer is not greater than 3m, and the single-layer thickness of the soil covering layer is 0.2 - 0.5m.
[0015] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:
[0016] Using construction waste and coal gangue to fill the clay mine pit, while solving the reclamation of the mining pit, the construction waste for mine reclamation and the accumulated coal gangue around are consumed, realizing the reuse of waste resources; by establishing a cultivated land base system through land reclamation, the cultivated land is made to have the ability to retain water and drain water, realizing the reuse of industrial and mining waste land, achieving the effects of supplementing cultivated land and improving the ecological environment; draining and collecting the wastewater generated by the leaching of coal gangue, effectively reducing the pollution of groundwater and soil caused by the filling of construction waste and coal gangue. Description of the Drawings
[0017] Figure 1 is the longitudinal sectional view of the base layer structure of the clay mine pit filling and reclaiming cultivated land in the embodiment of the present utility model;
[0018] Figure 2 is the longitudinal sectional view of the anti-seepage layer and the drainage layer in the embodiment of the present utility model;
[0019] Figure 3 is the top view of the blind drain pipe and the main drain pipe in the embodiment of the present utility model;
[0020] In the drawings: 1, clay mine pit; 2, geotextile anti-seepage layer; 3, drainage layer; 4, construction waste layer; 5, coal gangue layer; 6, soil covering layer; 7, surface planting layer; 11, bottom of the clay mine pit; 21, geotextile; 22, HDPE anti-seepage membrane; 23, soil anti-seepage layer; 31, graded gravel layer; 32, geotextile filter; 33, blind drain pipe; 34, main drain pipe; 35, sump. Detailed Embodiments
[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present utility model, the technical solution of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the attached drawings of the present utility model. Based on the embodiments in this application, other similar embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application. In addition, the directional terms mentioned in the following embodiments, such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., are only with reference to the directions in the attached drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for illustration rather than to limit the present invention.
[0022] The present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the attached drawings and preferred embodiments.
[0023] According to an embodiment of the present utility model, a base layer structure for filling and reclaiming cultivated land in a clay mine pit is provided. Please refer to Figure 1 , which sequentially includes a geotechnical anti-seepage layer 2, a drainage layer 3, and a filling layer from bottom to top. Above the filling layer is a surface planting layer 7;
[0024] The filling layer sequentially includes a construction waste layer 4, a coal gangue layer 5, and a soil covering layer 6. The construction waste layer 4 is adjacent to the drainage layer 3, and the soil covering layer 6 is adjacent to the surface planting layer 7.
[0025] It should be noted that the clay mine pit 1 is filled with construction waste and coal gangue to respectively form a construction waste layer 4 and a coal gangue layer 5. While solving the reclamation of the mined pit, the construction waste in mine reclamation and the coal gangue piled up around are disposed of, realizing the reuse of waste resources; by establishing a cultivated land base system through land reclamation, the cultivated land is made to have the ability to retain water and drain water, realizing the reuse of industrial and mining wasteland, achieving the effects of supplementing cultivated land and improving the ecological environment; the wastewater generated by the leaching of coal gangue is drained and collected, effectively reducing the pollution of groundwater and soil by the filling of construction waste and coal gangue.
[0026] In the base layer structure for filling and reclaiming cultivated land in the clay mine pit of this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 2 , the geotechnical anti-seepage layer 2 is laid on both the bottom 11 of the clay mine pit and the side wall of the clay mine pit. The geotechnical anti-seepage layer 2 includes a geotextile 21 and an HDPE anti-seepage membrane 22. The geotextile 21 is laid on both sides of the HDPE anti-seepage membrane 22.
[0027] It should be noted that the geotextile 21 on both sides of the HDPE anti-seepage membrane 22 in the geotechnical anti-seepage layer 2 is 200 g / m 2 , and the middle anti-seepage membrane is made of HDPE with a thickness of 1.5 mm.
[0028] In the base layer structure for filling and reclaiming cultivated land in the clay mine pit of this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 2, the geotechnical anti-seepage layer 2 further includes a soil anti-seepage layer 23, and the soil anti-seepage layer 23 is located on the side of the HDPE anti-seepage membrane 22 away from the bottom 11 of the clay pit and the side wall of the clay pit.
[0029] It should be noted that the soil anti-seepage layer 23 is formed by covering with loess, and the thickness of the soil anti-seepage layer 23 is 0.3 m, which is compacted layer by layer. Laying the geotechnical anti-seepage layer 2 on the bottom 11 of the clay pit and the side wall of the clay pit can prevent the leaching wastewater of the filled construction waste layer 4 and gangue layer 5 from polluting the underlying soil and groundwater.
[0030] For the base layer structure of the clay pit filled and reclaimed into cultivated land in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 2 , the drainage layer 3 includes a graded gravel layer 31, and a number of drain blind pipes 33 are laid inside the graded gravel layer 31, and the drain blind pipes 33 are set as filter pipes.
[0031] It should be noted that the drain blind pipes 33 can collect the leaching wastewater of the construction waste layer 4 and gangue layer 5, and avoid polluting the surrounding soil and groundwater.
[0032] For the base layer structure of the clay pit filled and reclaimed into cultivated land in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the number of drain blind pipes 33 is communicated with a catchment well 35 through a main drain pipe 34, the main drain pipe 34 is set as a filter pipe, and the drain blind pipes 33 and the main drain pipe 34 are respectively laid along the transverse and longitudinal slopes of the graded gravel layer 31.
[0033] It should be noted that a number of drain blind pipes 33 and the main drain pipe 34 are arranged horizontally and vertically in a staggered manner. The drain blind pipes 33, the main drain pipe 34 and the catchment well 35 form a drainage system, and the drainage system discharges the leaching wastewater of the construction waste layer 4 and gangue layer 5 out of the filled clay pit and collects it centrally, avoiding polluting the surrounding soil and groundwater.
[0034] Specifically, the transverse and longitudinal slopes of the graded gravel layer 31 are 1%-3%, preferably 2%. The thickness of the graded gravel layer 31 is 0.3 m, the gravel particle size is 20-40 mm, the drain blind pipes 33 and the main drain pipe 34 are perforated pipes, the aperture of the perforations of the perforated pipes is 20 mm, the hole spacing is 100 mm, the opening rate is 2%, the material is HDPE, the diameter of the drain blind pipes 33 is 200 mm, the diameter of the main drain pipe 34 is 400 mm, the main drain pipe 34 is connected to the catchment well 35, and the catchment well is of concrete structure with a volume of 10 m 3 .
[0035] For the base layer structure of the clay pit filled and reclaimed into cultivated land in this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 2, the drainage layer 3 further includes a geotextile filter 32, which is located between the graded gravel layer 31 and the construction waste layer 4. The construction waste layer 4 is filled with construction waste removed from a clay mine.
[0036] For the base layer structure of the clay mine pit filling and reclaiming cultivated land in this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , the gangue layer 5 is laid in multiple layers, and a soil covering layer 6 is laid above each layer of the gangue layer 5.
[0037] It should be noted that the gangue layer 5 is filled with gangue piled within 10 km around the clay mine. The gangue layer 5 is paved and compacted in layers. The soil covering layer 6 is the soil excavated from the slopes and the bottom of the clay mine pit, which can reduce the impact of natural precipitation and irrigation water on the construction waste layer 4 and the gangue layer 5, and reduce the generation of leaching wastewater from the solid waste filling materials. The gangue layer 5 and the soil covering layer 6 can be divided into multiple layers according to the depth of the clay mine pit. The surface planting layer 7 is the topsoil stripped and stored before the production of the clay mine stope. The topsoil is covered and stored, and used as the planting layer when filling and reclaiming cultivated land to provide nutrients and water for plants.
[0038] For the base layer structure of the clay mine pit filling and reclaiming cultivated land in this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , the single-layer thickness of the gangue layer 5 is not greater than 3 m, the single-layer thickness of the soil covering layer 6 is 0.2 - 0.5 m, and the thickness of the surface planting layer 7 is 1.5 m. The slope of the surface planting layer 7 after the clay mine pit is filled and reclaimed is 1 - 3°, ensuring the stable settlement of the reclaimed cultivated land.
[0039] During operation, according to the production time of the clay mine, strip the top 1 - 2 m of soil before excavating the clay mine pit and cover and store it in the industrial site as the soil for the surface planting layer 7 of the mine pit filling and reclaiming; according to the end time of the clay mine mining and the surface layout form, determine the area to be filled in the planned reclaimed mine pit and the amount of construction waste in the planned demolished industrial site; level and compact the bottom 11 and slopes of the clay mine pit, and the bottom and slope after leveling and compaction are flat without undulations, and ensure stable settlement.
[0040] Lay a geotechnical anti-seepage layer 2 on the bottom 11 of the clay mine pit and the side walls of the clay mine pit. First, lay the first layer of geotextile, then lay the HDPE anti-seepage membrane 22 in the middle, and then lay the second layer of geotextile on the HDPE anti-seepage membrane 22, covering the soil anti-seepage layer 23; lay a drainage layer 3 above the geotechnical anti-seepage layer 2, lay a graded gravel layer 31 at the bottom with a thickness of 0.3 m and a transverse and longitudinal slope of 2%, and bury a drainage system inside, including drainage blind pipes 33 and drainage main pipes 34. The drainage blind pipes 33 and drainage main pipes 34 are both HDPE perforated pipes. The diameter of the drainage blind pipes 33 is 200 mm, and the diameter of the drainage main pipes 34 is 400 mm. Dig a concrete structure sump 35 outside the clay mine pit 1 with a volume of 10 m3 , the drainage supervisor 34 is connected to the catch basin 35, and the wastewater collected in the catch basin 35 is pumped and treated and then discharged centrally; a geotextile filter 32 is laid on the upper part of the graded gravel layer 31; on the drainage layer 3, construction waste generated by the demolition of the industrial site is first filled, and after being compacted layer by layer, a construction solid waste layer 4 is formed; on the construction solid waste layer 4, gangue is filled again, and after being compacted layer by layer, a gangue layer 5 is formed. The thickness of the gangue layer 5 is not more than 3 m, and multiple layers of gangue can be filled according to the depth of the clay pit 1; on the gangue layer 5, a layer of loess is filled again, and after being compacted, a soil covering layer 6 is formed. The thickness of the loess is 0.3 m, and loess needs to be covered on each filled layer of gangue; on the soil covering layer 6, the soil stored in the industrial site is covered to form a surface planting layer 7 with a thickness of 1.5 m; the surface planting layer 7 is leveled, and the terrain slope after leveling is 1-3°.
[0041] The base layer structure of the clay pit filled and reclaimed into cultivated land provided by the present utility model can effectively treat the clay pit 1 and form a cultivated land planting layer, thereby establishing an effective soil water retention and drainage mode, achieving the effects of supplementing cultivated land and improving the ecological environment, and having the advantages of convenient construction and simple operation.
[0042] The present utility model has been described in detail above. The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and the scope of implementation of the present utility model cannot be limited. That is, all equal changes and modifications made according to the scope of this application should still fall within the scope covered by the present utility model.
Claims
1. A base layer structure for clay pit filling and reclamation of cultivated land, characterized in that: It includes a geotechnical anti-seepage layer, a drainage layer and a filling layer from bottom to top, and the top of the filling layer is a surface planting layer; The filling layer includes a construction solid waste layer, a coal gangue layer and a soil covering layer in sequence. The construction solid waste layer is arranged adjacent to the drainage layer, and the soil covering layer is arranged adjacent to the surface planting layer.
2. The base layer structure for clay pit filling and reclamation of cultivated land according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom and side walls of the clay pit are paved with the geotechnical anti-seepage layer, which includes a geotextile and a HDPE anti-seepage membrane, and both sides of the HDPE anti-seepage membrane are paved with the geotextile.
3. The base layer structure for clay pit filling and reclamation of cultivated land according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The geotechnical anti-seepage layer also includes a soil anti-seepage layer, and the soil anti-seepage layer is located on the side of the HDPE anti-seepage membrane away from the bottom of the clay mine pit and the side wall of the clay mine pit.
4. The base layer structure for clay pit filling and reclamation of cultivated land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage layer comprises a graded gravel layer, a plurality of drainage blind pipes are laid inside the graded gravel layer, and the drainage blind pipes are configured as water filter pipes.
5. The base layer structure for clay pit filling and reclamation of cultivated land according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plurality of drainage blind pipes are connected to the water collection well through drainage main pipes, the drainage main pipes are configured as water filter pipes, and the drainage blind pipes and the drainage main pipes are laid along the horizontal and vertical slopes of the graded gravel layer respectively.
6. The base layer structure for clay pit filling and reclamation of cultivated land according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transverse and longitudinal slopes of the graded crushed stone layer are 1%-3%.
7. The base layer structure for clay pit filling and reclamation of cultivated land according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: The drainage layer also includes a geofilter, which is located between the graded crushed stone layer and the construction solid waste layer.
8. The base layer structure for clay pit filling and reclamation of cultivated land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gangue layer is laid in multiple layers, and a soil covering layer is laid on each gangue layer.
9. The base layer structure for clay pit filling and reclamation of cultivated land according to claim 8, characterized in that: The single layer thickness of the coal gangue layer is no more than 3m, and the single layer thickness of the soil covering layer is 0.2-0.5m.