Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell with high safety
By adopting a double O-ring sealing structure and automatic pressure control system in the hydroxide fuel cell, the problem of insufficient pressure bearing capacity of the proton membrane is solved, and the safety of the hydroxide fuel cell and the stability of the discharge process are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421403905.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-30
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-19
AI Technical Summary
The proton membrane pressure bearing capacity of existing hydroxide fuel cells is limited, resulting in unstable hydrogen or oxygen pressure control, which may cause proton membrane damage and serious explosion accidents.
The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell with a double O-ring seal structure is adjusted through the automatic pressure controller and the upper computer controller to respectively adjust the pressure and pressure difference between the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell to ensure the stable working conditions of the proton membrane.
It achieves high safety of hydroxide fuel cells, avoids proton membrane damage and explosion accidents, and ensures the stability and reliability of the fuel cell discharge process.
Smart Images
Figure CN222927532U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, in particular to a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell with high safety. Background Art
[0002] Hydrogen can provide energy for fuel cells, reduction gas for the metallurgical industry, hydrogenation raw material gas for the petrochemical industry such as petroleum, coolant for thermal power plants, etc. Hydrogen is also widely used as a raw material gas in the semiconductor industry, solar energy industry and LED industry. The application of hydrogen (H2) as an electronic raw material is becoming more and more extensive. Hydrogen is a gaseous non-toxic gas under normal pressure. The explosion limit of hydrogen in air is 4.0% - 75.6% (volume concentration). As long as it encounters an ignition source within the explosion limit, it will explode violently. Hydrogen belongs to dangerous chemicals. The volume weight of hydrogen is light and it is very easy to diffuse. After leakage, it will quickly mix with air. The explosion range of the mixture of hydrogen and air is very wide (hydrogen volume concentration 4.0% - 75.6%). If hydrogen leaks, it is very easy to cause serious explosion accidents. Hydrogen is a substance with a relatively large energy density known so far. A family car filled with 5 kg of hydrogen can run 500 km, which can completely replace petroleum products as the fuel of the car. Hydrogen and oxygen pass through a fuel cell to generate electricity for use by cars or other facilities. The product of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen is water, which is clean and pollution-free and can be completely recycled. Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells can also be used as distributed functional devices to provide electricity and heat for a region. Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells and their applications have been increasingly valued and vigorously promoted by various countries.
[0003] At present, hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells are proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Hydrogen and oxygen (or air) are only separated by a proton exchange membrane. Hydrogen and oxygen react on the surface of the proton exchange membrane to generate electricity and water. The proton exchange membrane is a thin film with a thickness of only 0.05 mm - 0.3 mm, and its pressure-bearing capacity is limited. If there are problems with the pressure control of hydrogen or oxygen (air), it will cause the proton exchange membrane to bulge and shrink repeatedly, resulting in damage to the proton exchange membrane, and the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen, causing serious explosion accidents. In view of this, the utility model proposes a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell with high safety. Summary of the Utility Model
[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the problem in the background art that the pressure-bearing capacity of the proton exchange membrane is limited. If there are problems with the pressure control of hydrogen or oxygen, it will cause the proton exchange membrane to bulge and shrink repeatedly, resulting in damage to the proton exchange membrane, and the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen, causing serious explosion accidents, and to propose a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell with high safety.
[0005] Technical solution of the utility model: A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell with high safety, comprising a storage battery and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell body. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell body adopts a double O-ring sealing structure. A cathode electrolytic cell and an anode electrolytic cell are arranged in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell body. The cathode electrolytic cell is sequentially connected with a low-pressure hydrogen gas tank and a high-pressure hydrogen gas tank through pipelines. The anode electrolytic cell is sequentially connected with an air compression gas tank and an air compressor through pipelines. A control component is used to maintain the pressure of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell constant and the pressure difference between the two constant. The control component includes an automatic pressure controller and a host computer controller.
[0006] Optionally, a pressure regulating valve is installed on the pipeline between the high-pressure hydrogen gas tank and the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank. A first electromagnetic proportional regulating valve and a first manual valve are sequentially installed on the pipeline between the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank and the cathode electrolytic cell. A first pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline connected to the cathode electrolytic cell.
[0007] Optionally, the high-pressure hydrogen gas tank is filled with high-pressure hydrogen gas with a pressure of 34-36 Mpa. A second pressure sensor is installed on the high-pressure hydrogen gas tank. The high-pressure hydrogen gas is reduced in pressure through the pressure regulating valve to become low-pressure hydrogen gas with a pressure of 0.4-0.6 MPa. A third pressure sensor is installed on the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank.
[0008] Optionally, a hydrogen gas reflux component is further included. The hydrogen gas reflux component includes a second manual valve, a first regulating needle valve, a hydrogen gas circulation pump and a first hydrogen gas one-way valve. The cathode electrolytic cell is connected with the hydrogen gas circulation pump through a pipeline. The hydrogen gas circulation pump is connected with the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank through a pipeline and the first hydrogen gas one-way valve is installed in the pipeline. The first regulating needle valve and the second manual valve are both installed on the pipeline between the hydrogen gas circulation pump and the cathode electrolytic cell.
[0009] Optionally, a filter is installed at the input end of the air compressor. A pneumatic valve is installed in the pipeline between the air compressor and the air compression gas tank. The air pressure in the air compression gas tank is about 0.4-0.6 Mpa. A fourth pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline connected to the air compression gas tank. A second electromagnetic proportional regulating valve and a third manual valve are sequentially installed on the pipeline between the air compression gas tank and the anode electrolytic cell. A fifth pressure sensor is installed on the pipeline connected to the anode electrolytic cell. The intake pipelines of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell are connected, and a differential pressure sensor is installed at the same time.
[0010] Optionally, a retained air discharge component is further included. The retained air discharge component includes a fourth manual valve, a second regulating needle valve and a second hydrogen gas one-way valve. The fourth manual valve, the second regulating needle valve and the second hydrogen gas one-way valve are sequentially connected to the anode electrolytic cell through pipelines.
[0011] Optionally, a cathode diffusion layer is provided on one side of the cathode electrolytic cell close to the anode electrolytic cell. A metal platinum-based catalyst is coated inside the cathode diffusion layer. An anode diffusion layer is provided on one side of the anode electrolytic cell close to the cathode electrolytic cell. The anode diffusion layer is also coated with a metal platinum-based catalyst inside. A proton semi-permeable membrane is provided between the cathode diffusion layer and the anode diffusion layer. The proton semi-permeable membrane is a non-metallic film with a thickness of 0.05 mm to 0.3 mm. A plurality of groups of cathode metal supports are provided on the side of the cathode diffusion layer away from the proton semi-permeable membrane. Each group of cathode metal supports is connected to the cathode of the energy storage battery through a first cable. Corresponding anode metal supports are also provided on the side of the anode diffusion layer away from the proton semi-permeable membrane. The anode metal supports are connected to the anode of the energy storage battery through a second cable.
[0012] Optionally, the differential pressure sensor, the first pressure sensor, the first electromagnetic proportional regulating valve, the third pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the upper computer controller, the fourth pressure sensor, the pneumatic valve, the second electromagnetic proportional regulating valve, and the fifth pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the automatic pressure controller.
[0013] Optionally, a power assembly is further installed on the pipeline between the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank and the cathode electrolytic cell. A serpentine condenser tube is installed in the cathode electrolytic cell. Both ends of the condenser tube are fixedly connected to the power assembly. A condenser is installed outside the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell body on one side of the condenser tube.
[0014] Optionally, the power assembly includes an air duct, a fixed cover, a rotating shaft, a rotating rod, a rotating blade, a rotating disc, a connecting rod, a piston, a power cylinder, a liquid inlet, a first one-way valve, a liquid outlet, and a second one-way valve. The air duct is connected in the pipeline. The fixed cover is fixedly connected to one side of the air duct. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected in the fixed cover. A plurality of groups of rotating rods are installed on the outer ring of the rotating shaft. The plurality of groups of rotating rods are distributed in a circular array. One end of each rotating rod away from the rotating shaft is installed with a rotating blade. One end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the fixed cover and is fixedly connected to the rotating disc. The rotating disc is rotatably connected to one side away from the fixed cover with a connecting rod. One end of the connecting rod away from the rotating disc is rotatably connected to the piston. The piston is slidably connected in the fixedly arranged power cylinder. The liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are both connected to the inside of the power cylinder. Both ends of the condenser tube are respectively connected to the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet. The first one-way valve is arranged in the liquid inlet. The second one-way valve is arranged in the liquid outlet.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:
[0016] 1. The present utility model realizes the internal circulation or disturbance of hydrogen in the cathode electrolytic cell or air in the anode electrolytic cell respectively, ensuring that there is no large concentration gradient in the hydrogen in the cathode electrolytic cell or the air in the anode electrolytic cell, which can ensure the stability of the process conditions during the discharge process of the fuel cell and create conditions for the control of the fuel cell discharge system;
[0017] 2. According to the characteristics of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell, the present utility model designs the air discharge system pipeline for the anode electrolytic cell and the hydrogen recycling system pipeline for the cathode electrolytic cell respectively, ensuring the constancy of the pressure in the anode electrolytic cell and the cathode electrolytic cell, the gas flow, reducing the concentration gradient and discharging the by-product water in time. The design of the gas circulation or discharge pipeline system also ensures that the proton semi-permeable membrane is not damaged during the working process;
[0018] 3. The present utility model adjusts the pressure of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell and the pressure difference between the two respectively, ensuring that the pressure in the anode electrolytic cell is the same as that in the cathode electrolytic cell and ensuring that the proton semi-permeable membrane is not damaged during the working process. The double closed-loop pressure control method can automatically control the pressure of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell respectively, and can control the pressure of the anode electrolytic cell to approach and converge to the cathode electrolytic cell actively, reducing the control difficulty and improving the control reliability;
[0019] 4. In the present utility model, electromagnetic proportional valves are used as gas input valves for both the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell, which can ensure that the intake speed of the cathode electrolytic cell and the anode electrolytic cell is continuously adjustable.
[0020] 5. The present utility model realizes the constant-pressure hydrogen-oxygen discharge condition of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, creating favorable conditions for the continuous power generation of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
[0021] In summary, the present utility model has a lower control difficulty, while ensuring reliable control, facilitating continuous power generation, and ensuring safety and stability during the working process. Description of the Drawings
[0022] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell with high safety;
[0023] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the power assembly;
[0024] Figure 3 is a sectional structural schematic diagram of the fixed cover;
[0025] Figure 4 is a sectional structural schematic diagram of the power cylinder.
[0026] Reference Signs:
[0027] 1. Cathode electrolytic cell; 2. First cable; 3. O-ring; 4. First regulating needle valve; 5. First manual valve; 6. Energy storage battery; 7. Differential pressure sensor; 8. First pressure sensor; 10. Hydrogen circulation pump; 11. First electromagnetic proportional regulating valve; 12. First hydrogen check valve; 13. Low-pressure hydrogen gas tank; 14. Pressure regulating valve; 15. High-pressure hydrogen gas tank; 16. Third pressure sensor; 17. Second pressure sensor; 18. Automatic pressure controller; 19. Host computer controller; 20. Filter; 21. Air compressor; 22. Fourth pressure sensor; 23. Pneumatic valve; 24. Air compression gas tank; 25. Second electromagnetic proportional regulating valve; 26. Fifth pressure sensor; 27. Third manual valve; 28. Condenser; 29. Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell body; 30. Second cable; 31. Anode metal support; 32. Anode electrolytic cell; 33. Condensing pipe; 34. Second hydrogen check valve; 35. Second regulating needle valve; 36. Fourth manual valve; 37. Anode diffusion layer; 38. Proton semi-permeable membrane; 39. Cathode diffusion layer; 40. Cathode metal support; 41. Second manual valve;
[0028] 9. Power component; 901. Air duct; 902. Fixed cover; 903. Rotating shaft; 904. Rotating rod; 905. Rotating blade; 906. Rotating disc; 907. Connecting rod; 908. Piston; 909. Power cylinder; 910. Liquid inlet; 911. First check valve; 912. Liquid outlet; 913. Second check valve. Detailed implementation mode
[0029] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present utility model.
[0030] Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present utility model described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present utility model provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present utility model, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present utility model.
[0031] All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0032] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0033] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0034] Embodiment 1
[0035] As Figure 1 shown, a highly safe hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell proposed by the present utility model includes a storage battery 6 and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell body 29. The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell body 29 adopts a double O-ring 3 sealing structure to ensure that gas does not leak. A cathode electrolytic cell 1 and an anode electrolytic cell 32 are provided in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell body 29.
[0036] Further, the cathode electrolytic cell 1 is sequentially connected to a low-pressure hydrogen gas tank 13 and a high-pressure hydrogen gas tank 15 through pipelines. A pressure regulating valve 14 is installed on the pipeline between the high-pressure hydrogen gas tank 15 and the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank 13. A first electromagnetic proportional regulating valve 11 and a first manual valve 5 are sequentially installed on the pipeline between the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank 13 and the cathode electrolytic cell 1. The hydrogen gas in the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank 13 passes through the first electromagnetic proportional regulating valve 11 and the first manual valve 5, and the hydrogen gas is injected into the cathode electrolytic cell 1. A first pressure sensor 8 is installed on the pipeline connected to the cathode electrolytic cell 1 to detect the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the cathode electrolytic cell 1. The high-pressure hydrogen gas tank 15 contains high-pressure hydrogen gas with a pressure of 34 - 36 Mpa. A second pressure sensor 17 is installed on the high-pressure hydrogen gas tank 15 to detect the pressure and remaining amount of the hydrogen gas in the high-pressure hydrogen gas tank 15. The high-pressure hydrogen gas is reduced in pressure by the pressure regulating valve 14 to become low-pressure hydrogen gas with a pressure of 0.4 - 0.6 MPa. The low-pressure hydrogen gas is stored in the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank 13. A third pressure sensor 16 is installed on the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank 13 to detect the pressure and remaining amount of the hydrogen gas in the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank 13. Approximately 5% - 10% of the hydrogen gas participates in the oxidation-reduction reaction and discharge of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and the remaining 90% - 95% of the hydrogen gas remains in the cathode electrolytic cell 1, preventing the continuous injection of low-pressure hydrogen gas and the flow of hydrogen gas.
[0037] Furthermore, a hydrogen gas reflux assembly is also included, which avoids the emptying and emission of hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas reflux assembly includes the hydrogen gas remaining in the cathode electrolytic cell 1 flowing back into the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank 13 through a second manual valve 41, a first regulating needle valve 4, a hydrogen gas circulation pump 10, and a first hydrogen gas check valve 12, realizing the internal circulation and reuse of hydrogen gas. The cathode electrolytic cell 1 is connected to the hydrogen gas circulation pump 10 through a pipeline. The hydrogen gas circulation pump 10 is connected to the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank 13 through a pipeline and the first hydrogen gas check valve 12 is installed in the pipeline. Both the first regulating needle valve 4 and the second manual valve 41 are installed on the pipeline between the hydrogen gas circulation pump 10 and the cathode electrolytic cell 1.
[0038] The anodic electrolytic cell 32 is sequentially connected to an air compression gas tank 24 and an air compressor 21 through pipelines. A filter 20 is installed at the input end of the air compressor 21. When air passes through the filter 20, suspended particulate matter in the air and other impurities that affect the reaction of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell are filtered out to prevent impurities from entering the air compressor 21. At the same time, the air compressor 21 forms compressed air with a certain pressure. A pneumatic valve 23 is installed in the pipeline between the air compressor 21 and the air compression gas tank 24, and the compressed air enters the air compression gas tank 24 through the pneumatic valve 23. The air pressure in the air compression gas tank 24 is approximately 0.4 - 0.6 Mpa. A fourth pressure sensor 22 is installed on the pipeline connected to the air compression gas tank 24 to detect the air pressure and remaining amount in the air compression gas tank 24. A second electromagnetic proportional regulating valve 25 and a third manual valve 27 are sequentially installed on the pipeline between the air compression gas tank 24 and the anodic electrolytic cell 32. The compressed air adjusts the pressure through the second electromagnetic proportional regulating valve 25 and the third manual valve 27 to control the injection of the compressed air into the anodic electrolytic cell 32. A fifth pressure sensor 26 is installed on the pipeline connected to the anodic electrolytic cell 32 to detect the air pressure in the anodic electrolytic cell 32. Approximately 5% of the air participates in the redox reaction discharge of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and the remaining 95% of the air stays in the cathodic electrolytic cell 1, preventing the continuous injection of low-pressure air and the flow of air, and the generated water cannot be carried out of the anodic electrolytic cell 32. The cathodic electrolytic cell 1 is connected to the intake pipeline of the anodic electrolytic cell 32, and a differential pressure sensor 7 is installed at the same time to directly measure the pressure difference between the cathodic electrolytic cell 1 and the anodic electrolytic cell 32. It also includes a stagnant air discharge assembly to discharge the stagnant air and generated water. The stagnant air discharge assembly includes a fourth manual valve 36, a second regulating needle valve 35, and a second hydrogen one-way valve 34. The fourth manual valve 36, the second regulating needle valve 35, and the second hydrogen one-way valve 34 are sequentially connected to the anodic electrolytic cell 32 through pipelines. The stagnant air and generated water in the anodic electrolytic cell 32 are discharged into the atmosphere through the fourth manual valve 36, the second regulating needle valve 35, and the second hydrogen one-way valve 34.
[0039] Specifically, a cathode diffusion layer 39 is provided on one side of the cathode electrolytic cell 1 close to the anode electrolytic cell 32. The cathode diffusion layer 39 is coated with a platinum-based metal catalyst. The cathode electrolytic cell 1 is filled with hydrogen gas, and the hydrogen gas diffuses into the cathode diffusion layer 39. Under appropriate temperature and conditions, hydrogen molecules can decompose into hydrogen protons. An anode diffusion layer 37 is provided on one side of the anode electrolytic cell 32 close to the cathode electrolytic cell 1. The anode diffusion layer 37 is also coated with a platinum-based metal catalyst. The anode electrolytic cell 32 is filled with air, and the air diffuses into the anode diffusion layer 37. Under appropriate temperature and conditions, oxygen molecules can decompose into oxygen ions. A proton semi-permeable membrane 38 is provided between the cathode diffusion layer 39 and the anode diffusion layer 37. The proton semi-permeable membrane 38 is a non-metallic thin film with a thickness of 0.05 mm to 0.3 mm. The proton semi-permeable membrane 38 only allows hydrogen ions to pass through and does not allow other ions to pass through. The pressure-bearing capacity of the proton semi-permeable membrane 38 is limited. The cathode diffusion layer 39, the cathode metal support block 40, the anode metal support 31, and the anode diffusion layer 37 also strengthen the proton semi-permeable membrane 38. On the side of the cathode diffusion layer 39 away from the proton semi-permeable membrane 38, multiple groups of cathode metal supports 40 are provided. Each group of cathode metal supports 40 is connected to the cathode of the energy storage battery 6 through the first cable 2. On the side of the anode diffusion layer 37 away from the proton semi-permeable membrane 38, corresponding anode metal supports 31 are also provided. The anode metal supports 31 are connected to the anode of the energy storage battery 6 through the second cable 30. Hydrogen ions diffuse from the cathode diffusion layer 39 through the proton semi-permeable membrane 38 into the anode diffusion layer 37. The hydrogen ions and oxygen ions combine to form water molecules. During the combination process of hydrogen ions and oxygen ions, an electric current flows from the cathode of the energy storage battery 6 to the anode, realizing the charging of the energy storage battery 6 and the conversion of the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy.
[0040] Finally, it also includes a control component for maintaining the pressure of the cathode electrolytic cell 1 and the anode electrolytic cell 32 constant and the pressure difference between them constant. The control component includes an automatic pressure controller 18 and a host computer controller 19. The differential pressure sensor 7, the first pressure sensor 8, the first electromagnetic proportional regulating valve 11, the third pressure sensor 16, the second pressure sensor 17, the host computer controller 19, the fourth pressure sensor 22, the pneumatic valve 23, the second electromagnetic proportional regulating valve 25, and the fifth pressure sensor 26 are all electrically connected to the automatic pressure controller 18. The pressure data of the second pressure sensor 17 on the hydrogen high-pressure gas tank 15 and the third pressure sensor 16 on the hydrogen low-pressure gas tank 13 are imported into the automatic pressure controller 18 to detect the hydrogen gas source pressure data. The data of the fourth pressure sensor 22 on the air compressed gas tank 24 are imported into the automatic pressure controller 18. The automatic pressure controller 18 can open or close the pneumatic valve 23 in real time according to the fourth pressure sensor 22 to adjust the pressure of the compressed air in the air compressed gas tank 24.
[0041] In this embodiment, the high-pressure hydrogen gas tank 15 is filled with high-pressure hydrogen at a pressure of 34-36 Mpa. The high-pressure hydrogen is reduced in pressure through the pressure regulating valve 14 to become low-pressure hydrogen at a pressure of 0.4-0.6 MPa. The low-pressure hydrogen is stored in the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank 13. The hydrogen in the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank 13 passes through the first electromagnetic proportional regulating valve 11 and the first manual valve 5, and the hydrogen is injected into the cathode electrolytic cell 1. Approximately 5%-10% of the hydrogen participates in the oxidation-reduction reaction discharge of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and the remaining 90%-95% of the hydrogen remains in the cathode electrolytic cell 1, preventing the continuous injection of low-pressure hydrogen and the flow of hydrogen. Through the hydrogen reflux assembly, the venting and discharging of hydrogen are avoided. The hydrogen remaining in the cathode electrolytic cell 1 returns to the low-pressure hydrogen gas tank 13 through reflux, realizing the internal circulation and reuse of hydrogen. When the air passes through the filter 20, the suspended particulate matter in the air and other impurities that affect the reaction of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell are filtered out to prevent the impurities from entering the air compressor 21. At the same time, the air compressor 21 forms compressed air with a certain pressure. The compressed air enters the compressed air tank 24 through the pneumatic valve 23. The air pressure in the compressed air tank 24 is approximately 0.4-0.6 Mpa. The compressed air adjusts the pressure through the second electromagnetic proportional regulating valve 25 and the third manual valve 27 to control the injection of the compressed air into the anode electrolytic cell 32. Approximately 5% of the air participates in the oxidation-reduction reaction discharge of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and the remaining 95% of the air remains in the cathode electrolytic cell 1, preventing the continuous injection of low-pressure air and the flow of air, and the generated water cannot be carried out of the anode electrolytic cell 32. The remaining air and the generated water are discharged through the remaining air discharge assembly. The remaining air and the generated water in the anode electrolytic cell 32 are discharged into the atmosphere through the fourth manual valve 36, the second regulating needle valve 35, and the second hydrogen check valve 34.
[0042] The cathode electrolytic cell 1 is filled with hydrogen, and the hydrogen diffuses into the cathode diffusion layer 39. Under appropriate temperature and conditions, hydrogen molecules can decompose into hydrogen protons. The anode electrolytic cell 32 is filled with air, and the air diffuses into the anode diffusion layer 37. Under appropriate temperature and conditions, oxygen molecules can decompose into oxygen ions. The proton semi-permeable membrane 38 only allows hydrogen ions to pass through and does not allow other ions to pass through. The pressure-bearing capacity of the proton semi-permeable membrane 38 is limited. The cathode diffusion layer 39, the cathode metal support block 40, the anode metal support 31, and the anode diffusion layer 37 also strengthen the role of the proton semi-permeable membrane 38. Hydrogen ions diffuse from the cathode diffusion layer 39 through the proton semi-permeable membrane 38 into the anode diffusion layer 37. Hydrogen ions and oxygen ions combine to form water molecules. During the combination of hydrogen ions and oxygen ions, the current flows from the cathode to the anode of the energy storage battery 6, realizing the charging of the energy storage battery 6 and the conversion of the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. The pressure data of the second pressure sensor 17 on the hydrogen high-pressure gas tank 15 and the third pressure sensor 16 on the hydrogen low-pressure gas tank 13 are imported into the automatic pressure controller 18 to detect the hydrogen source pressure data. The data of the fourth pressure sensor 22 of the air compression gas tank 24 are imported into the automatic pressure controller 18. The automatic pressure controller 18 can open or close the pneumatic valve 23 in real time according to the fourth pressure sensor 22 to adjust the pressure of the compressed air in the air compression gas tank 24.
[0043] The upper computer controller 19 can set the working parameters of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell and then transmit the parameters to the automatic pressure controller 18. The automatic pressure controller 18 controls the opening degrees of the electromagnetic proportional regulating valve 11 and the second electromagnetic proportional regulating valve 25 according to the pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor 8, the fifth pressure sensor 26, and the differential pressure sensor 7, automatically controlling the pressure value in the cathode electrolytic cell 1 to be consistent with the preset value, automatically controlling the pressure value in the anode electrolytic cell 32 to be consistent with the preset value, and the pressure difference between the cathode electrolytic cell 1 and the anode electrolytic cell 32 to be consistent with the preset value. The automatic pressure controller 18 is a closed-loop self-circulating control. After the automatic pressure controller 18 controls the actions of the above valves, the changes in the pressure parameters of the first pressure sensor 8, the fifth pressure sensor 26, and the differential pressure sensor 7 are transmitted to the automatic pressure controller 18 again to correct the pressure deviation caused by the actions of the above valves. Through such a closed-loop control feedback cycle, the pressures of the cathode electrolytic cell 1 and the anode electrolytic cell 32 can be kept constant and the pressure difference can be kept constant. The pressure difference between the cathode electrolytic cell 1 and the anode electrolytic cell 32 can be controlled within 100 Pa. Thereby, it is prevented that the proton semi-permeable membrane 38 repeatedly bulges or shrinks due to the fluctuation of the pressure difference between the cathode electrolytic cell 1 and the anode electrolytic cell 32, and it is prevented that the proton semi-permeable membrane 38 is damaged and leaks air.
[0044] Embodiment 2
[0045] As Figures 1-4As shown, based on the first embodiment, a power assembly 9 is also installed on the pipeline between the hydrogen low-pressure gas tank 13 and the cathode electrolytic cell 1, and a serpentine condenser 33 is installed in the cathode electrolytic cell 1, and the condenser 33 is filled with condensate, which is used to take away the heat in the cathode electrolytic cell 1 when flowing. Both ends of the condenser 33 are fixedly connected to the power assembly 9, and the power assembly 9 is used to drive the condensate to flow. The outer side of the hydrogen and oxygen fuel cell body 29 is equipped with a condenser 28 arranged on one side of the condenser 33, which is used to dissipate heat when the condensate passes through the condenser 28. The power assembly 9 includes an air duct 901, a fixed cover 902, a rotating shaft 903, a rotating rod 904, a rotating blade 905, a rotating disk 906, a connecting rod 907, a piston 908, a power cylinder 909, a liquid inlet 910, a first one-way valve 911, a liquid outlet 912, and a second one-way valve 913. The air duct 901 is connected to the pipeline, and the hydrogen in the pipeline flows through the air duct 901. The fixed cover 902 is fixedly connected to one side of the air duct 901. The fixed cover 902 is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft 903. The outer ring of the rotating shaft 903 is equipped with multiple groups of rotating rods 904. The multiple groups of rotating rods 904 are distributed in a circular array. Each group of rotating rods 904 is equipped with a rotating blade 905 at one end away from the rotating shaft 903. When the hydrogen passes through the air duct 901, the rotating blade 905 is blown, so that the rotating blade 905 rotates around the rotating shaft 903 and drives the rotating shaft 903 to rotate. One end of the rotating shaft 903 passes through the fixed cover 902 and is fixedly connected with a rotating disk 906. When the rotating shaft 903 rotates, it drives the rotating disk 906 to rotate synchronously. The rotating disk 906 is rotatably connected with a connecting rod 907 at one side away from the fixed cover 902. The connecting rod 907 is rotatably connected with a piston 908 at one end away from the rotating disk 906. When the rotating disk 906 rotates, it drives the piston 908 to reciprocate through the connecting rod 907. The piston 908 is slidably connected in the fixed power cylinder 909, and the piston 908 reciprocates in the power cylinder 909, driving the condensate to flow. The liquid inlet 910 and the liquid outlet 912 are both connected to the inside of the power cylinder 909, and the two ends of the condenser tube 33 are respectively connected to the liquid inlet 910 and the liquid outlet 912. The first check valve 911 is provided in the liquid inlet 910, and the first check valve 911 prevents the condensate from flowing out of the liquid inlet 910. The second check valve 913 is provided in the liquid outlet 912, and the second check valve 913 prevents the condensate from flowing in from the liquid outlet 912.
[0046] In this embodiment, when hydrogen gas flows through the air duct 901, it drives the moving of the rotating blade 905. At this time, the rotating blade 905 drives the rotation of the rotating shaft 903 through the rotating rod 904. When the rotating shaft 903 rotates, it drives the synchronous rotation of the rotating disk 906. When the rotating disk 906 rotates, it drives the piston 908 to reciprocate in the power cylinder 909 through the connecting rod 907. At the same time, it drives the condensate to enter the power cylinder 909 from the liquid inlet 910 and flow out from the liquid outlet 912, realizing the circulating flow of the condensate in the condenser tube 33, thereby taking away the heat in the cathode electrolytic cell 1. At the same time, when the condensate passes through the position of the condenser 28, the condensate is dissipated, ensuring a good cooling effect on the cathode electrolytic cell 1. At the same time, a condenser tube 33 can also be provided in the anode electrolytic cell 32 in cooperation with the power assembly 9 to cool the inside of the anode electrolytic cell 32.
[0047] The above specific embodiments are only several alternative embodiments of the present invention. Based on the technical solution of the present invention and the relevant revelations of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various alternative improvements and combinations to the above specific embodiments.
Claims
1. A highly safe hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, characterized in that: include: An energy storage battery (6) and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell body (29), wherein the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell body (29) adopts a double O-ring (3) sealing structure, and a cathode electrolytic cell (1) and an anode electrolytic cell (32) are arranged in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell body (29); The cathode electrolytic cell (1) is sequentially connected to a hydrogen low-pressure gas tank (13) and a hydrogen high-pressure gas tank (15) through pipelines; the anode electrolytic cell (32) is sequentially connected to an air compressed gas tank (24) and an air compressor (21) through pipelines; A control component for maintaining constant pressure in a cathode electrolytic cell (1) and an anode electrolytic cell (32) and a constant pressure difference therebetween, the control component comprising an automatic pressure controller (18) and a host computer controller (19).
2. A highly safe hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure regulating valve (14) is installed on the pipeline between the hydrogen high-pressure gas tank (15) and the hydrogen low-pressure gas tank (13), a first electromagnetic proportional regulating valve (11) and a first manual valve (5) are installed in sequence on the pipeline between the hydrogen low-pressure gas tank (13) and the cathode electrolytic cell (1), and a first pressure sensor (8) is installed on the pipeline connected to the cathode electrolytic cell (1).
3. A highly safe hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen high-pressure gas tank (15) contains high-pressure hydrogen gas at a pressure of 34 to 36 MPa. A second pressure sensor (17) is installed on the hydrogen high-pressure gas tank (15). The high-pressure hydrogen gas is reduced in pressure by the pressure regulating valve (14) and converted into low-pressure hydrogen gas at a pressure of 0.4 to 0.6 MPa. A third pressure sensor (16) is installed on the hydrogen low-pressure gas tank (13).
4. A highly safe hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a hydrogen reflux component, wherein the hydrogen reflux component comprises a second manual valve (41), a first regulating needle valve (4), a hydrogen circulation pump (10) and a first hydrogen check valve (12); the cathode electrolytic cell (1) is connected to the hydrogen circulation pump (10) via a pipeline; the hydrogen circulation pump (10) is connected to a hydrogen low-pressure gas tank (13) via a pipeline and the first hydrogen check valve (12) is installed in the pipeline; the first regulating needle valve (4) and the second manual valve (41) are both installed on the pipeline between the hydrogen circulation pump (10) and the cathode electrolytic cell (1).
5. A highly safe hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: A filter (20) is installed at the input end of the air compressor (21); a pneumatic valve (23) is installed in the pipeline between the air compressor (21) and the compressed air tank (24); the air pressure in the compressed air tank (24) is approximately 0.4-0.6 MPa; a fourth pressure sensor (22) is installed on the pipeline connected to the compressed air tank (24); a second electromagnetic proportional regulating valve (25) and a third manual valve (27) are installed in sequence on the pipeline between the compressed air tank (24) and the anode electrolytic cell (32); a fifth pressure sensor (26) is installed on the pipeline connected to the anode electrolytic cell (32); the cathode electrolytic cell (1) is connected to the air intake pipeline of the anode electrolytic cell (32), and a differential pressure sensor (7) is installed at the same time.
6. A highly safe hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The invention also includes a trapped air discharge component, which includes a fourth manual valve (36), a second regulating needle valve (35) and a second hydrogen check valve (34). The fourth manual valve (36), the second regulating needle valve (35) and the second hydrogen check valve (34) are connected to the anode electrolytic cell (32) in sequence through pipelines.
7. A highly safe hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: A cathode diffusion layer (39) is arranged on one side of the cathode electrolytic cell (1) close to the anode electrolytic cell (32), and a metal platinum-based catalyst is coated inside the cathode diffusion layer (39). An anode diffusion layer (37) is arranged on one side of the anode electrolytic cell (32) close to the cathode electrolytic cell (1), and a metal platinum-based catalyst is also coated inside the anode diffusion layer (37). A proton semipermeable membrane (38) is arranged between the cathode diffusion layer (39) and the anode diffusion layer (37), and the proton semipermeable membrane (38) is 0.0 A non-metallic film with a thickness of 5 mm to 0.3 mm is provided, a cathode diffusion layer (39) is provided with a plurality of cathode metal supports (40) on a side away from the proton semipermeable membrane (38), each cathode metal support (40) is connected to the cathode of the energy storage battery (6) via a first cable (2), and a corresponding anode metal support (31) is also provided on a side away from the proton semipermeable membrane (38), the anode metal support (31) is connected to the anode of the energy storage battery (6) via a second cable (30).
8. A highly safe hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: The differential pressure sensor (7), the first pressure sensor (8), the first electromagnetic proportional control valve (11), the third pressure sensor (16), the second pressure sensor (17), the host computer controller (19), the fourth pressure sensor (22), the pneumatic valve (23), the second electromagnetic proportional control valve (25), and the fifth pressure sensor (26) are all electrically connected to the automatic pressure controller (18).
9. A highly safe hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that: A power assembly (9) is also installed on the pipeline between the hydrogen low-pressure gas tank (13) and the cathode electrolytic cell (1), a condenser (33) arranged in a serpentine shape is installed in the cathode electrolytic cell (1), both ends of the condenser (33) are fixedly connected to the power assembly (9), and a condenser (28) arranged on one side of the condenser (33) is installed on the outer side of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell body (29).
10. A highly safe hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The power assembly (9) comprises an air duct (901), a fixed cover (902), a rotating shaft (903), a rotating rod (904), a rotating blade (905), a rotating disk (906), a connecting rod (907), a piston (908), a power cylinder (909), a liquid inlet (910), a first one-way valve (911), a liquid outlet (912), and a second one-way valve (913). The air duct (901) is connected to a pipeline. The fixed cover (902) is fixedly connected to one side of the air duct (901). The fixed cover (902) is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft (903). Multiple groups of rotating rods (904) are installed on the outer ring of the rotating shaft (903). The multiple groups of rotating rods (904) are distributed in a ring array. One end of each group of rotating rods (904) away from the rotating shaft (903) is installed with a There is a rotating blade (905), one end of the rotating shaft (903) passes through the fixed cover (902) and is fixedly connected to a rotating disk (906), the side of the rotating disk (906) away from the fixed cover (902) is rotatably connected to a connecting rod (907), the end of the connecting rod (907) away from the rotating disk (906) is rotatably connected to a piston (908), the piston (908) is slidably connected in a fixed power cylinder (909), the liquid inlet (910) and the liquid outlet (912) are both connected to the inside of the power cylinder (909), the two ends of the condenser (33) are respectively connected to the liquid inlet (910) and the liquid outlet (912), the liquid inlet (910) is provided with a first one-way valve (911), and the liquid outlet (912) is provided with a second one-way valve (913).