Perovskite photovoltaic module, power utilization device, photovoltaic system and power generation device

Abstract

The utility model provides a perovskite photovoltaic module, a power utilization device, a photovoltaic system and a power generation device. The perovskite photovoltaic module comprises a perovskite cell, a convergence piece, a packaging layer and a cover plate which are stacked in sequence. The perovskite cell comprises a perovskite layer and a first electrode layer which are arranged in a stacked mode, the packaging layer is at least laid on the outer edge of the perovskite cell, the packaging layer is provided with a hole channel, and an opening of the hole channel is located in the side face of the packaging layer; the bus member is connected to the first electrode layer and passes through the hole channel on the side surface of the packaging layer. In the perovskite photovoltaic module, the pore channel is arranged on the packaging layer, and the opening of the pore channel is positioned on the side surface of the packaging layer, so that the moisture permeation distance can be adjusted through the coating length of the packaging layer on the convergence piece, the moisture permeation risk is reduced, and the risk that the perovskite layer is damaged is further reduced; and the stability of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic module is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular, to a perovskite photovoltaic module, an electrical device, a photovoltaic system, and a power generation device. Background Art

[0002] The statements herein only provide background information related to the present application and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] In a perovskite photovoltaic module, the infiltration of moisture may damage the perovskite layer, resulting in a reduction in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic module. In a traditional perovskite photovoltaic module, channels are often formed in the cover plate to lead out the bus bar. In this structure, limited by the usually small thickness of the cover plate glass, it is difficult to increase the penetration distance of moisture, and moisture is likely to penetrate through the channels in the cover plate, increasing the risk of damage to the perovskite layer, and further reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic module. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The present application provides a perovskite photovoltaic module, including a perovskite battery, a bus bar, a packaging layer, and a cover plate that are sequentially stacked; the perovskite battery includes a perovskite layer and a first electrode layer that are stacked, the packaging layer is at least laid on the outer edge of the perovskite battery, the packaging layer is provided with a channel, and an opening of the channel is located on the side surface of the packaging layer; the bus bar is connected to the first electrode layer and passes through the channel on the side surface of the packaging layer.

[0005] In the above perovskite photovoltaic module, by providing a channel on the packaging layer and making the opening of the channel located on the side surface of the packaging layer, the penetration distance of moisture can be adjusted by the wrapping length of the packaging layer on the bus bar, reducing the risk of moisture infiltration, and further reducing the risk of damage to the perovskite layer, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic module. At the same time, in the above perovskite photovoltaic module, when adjusting the penetration distance of moisture, it is not necessary to additionally increase the thickness of the packaging layer and the cover plate, which is beneficial to keeping the perovskite photovoltaic module at a more appropriate thickness.

[0006] In some embodiments, at the opening of the channel, the packaging layer wraps the bus bar as a whole. Wrapping the bus bar as a whole by the packaging layer at the opening of the channel can further improve the packaging effect and the water resistance effect of the perovskite photovoltaic module. In addition, compared with the interface formed between the bus bar and the cover plate, the interface formed between the bus bar and the packaging layer is more unfavorable for the infiltration of moisture. Therefore, wrapping the bus bar as a whole by the packaging layer at the channel can further reduce the risk of moisture infiltration, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic module.

[0007] In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer includes a middle sub-adhesive layer and an edge sub-adhesive layer. The middle sub-adhesive layer is disposed on the side of the first electrode layer away from the perovskite layer, and the edge sub-adhesive layer is disposed around the perovskite solar cell. The opening of the pore is located on the side surface of the edge sub-adhesive layer. The encapsulation layer includes a middle sub-adhesive layer and an edge sub-adhesive layer. The combined action of the middle sub-adhesive layer and the edge sub-adhesive layer can improve the encapsulation effect of the perovskite solar cell and enhance its stability.

[0008] In some embodiments, the thickness of the edge sub-adhesive layer is 0.4 mm to 1 mm. When the thickness of the edge sub-adhesive layer is within this range, it can achieve a good encapsulation effect while making the perovskite photovoltaic module have a more appropriate thickness.

[0009] In some embodiments, there are multiple bus bars, and the edge sub-adhesive layer is provided with multiple pores for the multiple bus bars to pass through respectively. The edge sub-adhesive layer being provided with multiple pores for the multiple bus bars to pass through respectively helps to adapt to various series or parallel connection methods of the internal sub-cells to collect and lead out the current of the internal cells from the photovoltaic module.

[0010] In some embodiments, the openings of the multiple pores are located on the same side surface of the edge sub-adhesive layer. The openings of the multiple pores being located on the same side surface of the edge sub-adhesive layer facilitates the subsequent installation of the bus bars.

[0011] In some embodiments, the middle sub-adhesive layer includes at least one of a polyolefin elastomer adhesive layer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer adhesive layer, a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer adhesive layer, a polyvinyl butyral adhesive layer, and an organosilicon adhesive layer.

[0012] In some embodiments, the edge sub-adhesive layer includes at least one of a desiccant-filled butyl rubber layer, a desiccant-filled polyisobutylene rubber layer, and a desiccant-filled polyisoprene rubber layer.

[0013] In some embodiments, the perovskite photovoltaic module further includes an insulating layer located between the bus bar and the first electrode layer. By providing the insulating layer, insulation can be achieved at the positions where the bus bar and the first electrode layer do not contact, reducing the risk of short circuit inside the perovskite photovoltaic module.

[0014] In some embodiments, the thickness of the insulating layer is 10 μm to 50 μm. When the insulating layer is within this thickness range, it can achieve good insulation performance while keeping the perovskite photovoltaic module at a more appropriate thickness.

[0015] In some embodiments, the insulating layer includes at least one of a polyimide insulating layer and a polyethylene terephthalate insulating layer.

[0016] In some embodiments, the insulating layer has at least one bonding surface, and at least one of the bonding surfaces faces the first electrode layer. The insulating layer and the first electrode layer can be more conveniently connected and compounded through the bonding surface.

[0017] In some embodiments, the perovskite photovoltaic module further includes a substrate, and the substrate is located on the side of the perovskite cell away from the cover plate.

[0018] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell further includes a second electrode layer; the second electrode layer is located on the side of the perovskite layer away from the first electrode layer.

[0019] An electrical device includes the perovskite photovoltaic module.

[0020] A photovoltaic system includes the perovskite photovoltaic module.

[0021] A power generation device includes the perovskite photovoltaic module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings used in the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without creative efforts.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a perovskite photovoltaic module in an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 2 For Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the corresponding perovskite photovoltaic module from another perspective.

[0025] Figure 3 It is an installation schematic diagram of the original film of the edge sub-adhesive layer of the perovskite photovoltaic module in an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 4 It is an installation schematic diagram of the original film of the edge sub-adhesive layer of the perovskite photovoltaic module in another embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Description of the marks in the figure:

[0028] 10. Perovskite photovoltaic module; 100. Perovskite cell; 201. Busbar; 202. Edge sub-adhesive layer; 203. Cover plate; 204. Insulating layer; 205. Substrate; 300. Original film of the edge sub-adhesive layer.

[0029] To better describe and illustrate the embodiments and / or examples of the utility models disclosed herein, reference may be made to one or more accompanying drawings. Additional details or examples used to describe the drawings should not be considered as limiting the scope of any of the disclosed utility models, the currently described embodiments and / or examples, and the best mode of these utility models currently understood. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present application are disclosed in detail with appropriate reference to the accompanying drawings. However, there may be cases where unnecessary details are omitted. For example, there are cases where the detailed description of well-known matters and the repeated description of actually identical structures are omitted. This is to prevent the following description from becoming unnecessarily lengthy and to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art. In addition, the accompanying drawings and the following description are provided for those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application and are not intended to limit the subject matter recited in the claims.

[0031] Details of one or more embodiments of the present application are set forth in the following drawings and description. Other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the specification, the drawings, and the claims.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this utility model belongs. The terms used in the specification of this utility model herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0033] The "ranges" disclosed in the present application are defined in the form of a lower limit and an upper limit. A given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundary of a particular range. The ranges defined in this way can include the end values or not include the end values, and can be combined arbitrarily, that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60 to 120 and 80 to 110 are listed for a specific parameter, ranges of 60 to 110 and 80 to 120 are also contemplated. In addition, if the minimum range values 1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range values 3, 4, and 5 are listed, then the following ranges are all contemplated: 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4, and 2 to 5. In the present application, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range "a to b" represents an abbreviated representation of any real number combination between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0 to 5" means that all real numbers between "0 to 5" have been fully listed herein, and "0 to 5" is only an abbreviated representation of these numerical combinations. Additionally, when it is stated that a certain parameter is an integer ≥2, it is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, the integer 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of this application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions.

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, all steps of this application can be carried out in sequence or randomly, and in some embodiments, they are carried out in sequence. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), which means that the method can include steps (a) and (b) carried out in sequence, or can also include steps (b) and (a) carried out in sequence. For example, it is mentioned that the method may further include step (c), which means that step (c) can be added to the method in any order. For example, the method can include steps (a), (b) and (c), or can also include steps (a), (c) and (b), or can also include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0037] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "comprising" and "including" mentioned in this application mean open-ended, and can also be closed-ended. For example, the "comprising" and "including" can mean that other components not listed can also be included or contained, or can only include or contain the listed components.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, in this application, the term "or" is inclusive. For example, the phrase "M or N" means "M, N, or both M and N". More specifically, any of the following conditions satisfies the condition "M or N": M is true or exists, and N is false or does not exist; M is false or does not exist, while N is true or exists; or both M and N are true, or both M and N exist.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, in this application, the term "room temperature" generally refers to 4°C to 30°C, preferably 25 ± 5°C.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified, the terms used in this application have the well-known meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the numerical values of the various parameters mentioned in this application can be measured by various commonly used measurement methods in the art. For example, they can be tested according to the methods given in the embodiments of this application.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, an embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite photovoltaic module 10. The perovskite photovoltaic module 10 includes a perovskite cell 100, a busbar 201, a packaging layer, and a cover plate 203 that are stacked in sequence. The perovskite cell 100 includes a perovskite layer and a first electrode layer that are stacked. The packaging layer is at least laid on the outer edge of the perovskite cell 100, and the packaging layer is provided with a pore channel, and the opening of the pore channel is located on the side surface of the packaging layer. The busbar 201 is connected to the first electrode layer and passes through the pore channel on the side surface of the packaging layer. In the perovskite photovoltaic module 10 of this embodiment, by providing a pore channel on the packaging layer and making the opening of the pore channel located on the side surface of the packaging layer, the penetration distance of moisture can be adjusted by the wrapping length of the busbar 201 by the packaging layer, reducing the risk of moisture infiltration, and further reducing the risk of damage to the perovskite layer, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic module 10. At the same time, in the above-mentioned perovskite photovoltaic module 10, when adjusting the penetration distance of moisture, it is not necessary to additionally increase the thickness of the packaging layer and the cover plate 203, which is beneficial to keeping the perovskite photovoltaic module 10 at a more appropriate thickness.

[0042] It can be understood that in Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the perovskite photovoltaic module 10 shown, the opening of the pore channel on the packaging layer is filled by the busbar 201.

[0043] It can also be understood that the busbar 201 can be a busbar. Optionally, the busbar 201 can be a copper strip, a tinned copper strip, a copper-plated conductive tape, a tinned conductive tape, etc.

[0044] It can also be understood that the busbar 201 is connected to the first electrode layer to lead out carriers, and the connection between the busbar 201 and the first electrode layer can be achieved by a conventional connection method, which will not be elaborated here, and the connection site between the busbar 201 and the first electrode layer is not shown in the figure.

[0045] In some embodiments, the cover plate 203 is not provided with a pore channel for the busbar 201 to pass through. This can reduce the risk of moisture entering the perovskite photovoltaic module 10 through the pore channel on the cover plate 203, and further improve the water resistance effect of the perovskite photovoltaic module 10.

[0046] In some embodiments, at the opening of the pore channel of the packaging layer, the packaging layer wraps the busbar 201 as a whole. Wrapping the busbar 201 as a whole at the opening of the pore channel can further improve the packaging effect and the water resistance effect of the perovskite photovoltaic module 10. In addition, compared with the interface formed between the busbar 201 and the cover plate 203, the interface formed between the busbar 201 and the packaging layer is more unfavorable for moisture infiltration. Therefore, wrapping the busbar 201 as a whole by the packaging layer at the pore channel can further reduce the risk of moisture infiltration, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic module 10.

[0047] In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer includes a middle sub-adhesive layer (not shown in the figure) and an edge sub-adhesive layer 202. The middle sub-adhesive layer is laid on the side of the first electrode layer away from the perovskite layer, and the edge sub-adhesive layer 202 is laid around the perovskite solar cell 100. The opening of the pore is located on the side surface of the edge sub-adhesive layer 202. The encapsulation layer includes a middle sub-adhesive layer and an edge sub-adhesive layer 202. The combined action of the middle sub-adhesive layer and the edge sub-adhesive layer 202 can improve the encapsulation effect of the perovskite solar cell 100 and enhance its stability.

[0048] In some embodiments, the thickness of the edge sub-adhesive layer 202 is 0.4 mm to 1 mm. When the thickness of the edge sub-adhesive layer 202 is within this range, it can achieve a good encapsulation effect while enabling the perovskite photovoltaic module 10 to have a more appropriate thickness. Optionally, the thickness of the edge sub-adhesive layer 202 can be 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, or any value within the range formed by any two of the above values. Further optionally, the thickness of the edge sub-adhesive layer 202 is 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm.

[0049] In some embodiments, there are multiple current collectors 201, and the edge sub-adhesive layer 202 is provided with multiple pores for the multiple current collectors 201 to pass through respectively. The edge sub-adhesive layer 202 being provided with multiple pores for the multiple current collectors 201 to pass through respectively helps to adapt to various series or parallel connection methods of the internal sub-cells to collect and lead out the current of the internal cells from the photovoltaic module. It can be understood that the multiple current collectors 201 and the multiple pores correspond one by one. For example, there are two current collectors 201, and the two current collectors 201 are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the first electrode layer 105, and the two current collectors 201 pass through different pores to collect and lead out the current of the internal cells from the photovoltaic module.

[0050] In some embodiments, the openings of the multiple pores are located on the same side surface of the edge sub-adhesive layer 202. The openings of the multiple pores being located on the same side surface of the edge sub-adhesive layer 202 facilitates the subsequent installation of the current collectors 201. For example, it facilitates the installation of the multiple current collectors 201 into the junction box.

[0051] In some embodiments, the middle sub-adhesive layer includes at least one of a polyolefin elastomer (TPO) adhesive layer, an ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) adhesive layer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) adhesive layer, a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) adhesive layer, a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) adhesive layer, and an organic silicone adhesive layer.

[0052] It can be understood that when the middle sub-adhesive layer includes multiple types among polyolefin elastomer (TPO) adhesive layer, ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) adhesive layer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) adhesive layer, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) adhesive layer, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) adhesive layer, and silicone rubber layer, it means that the middle sub-adhesive layer includes a composite layer formed by multiple types among polyolefin elastomer (TPO) adhesive layer, ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) adhesive layer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) adhesive layer, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) adhesive layer, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) adhesive layer, and silicone rubber layer.

[0053] In some embodiments, the material of the middle sub-adhesive layer includes at least one of polyolefin elastomer, ethylene-octene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, polyvinyl butyral, and silicone rubber.

[0054] In some embodiments, the edge sub-adhesive layer 202 includes at least one of a desiccant-filled butyl rubber layer, a desiccant-filled polyisobutylene rubber layer, and a desiccant-filled polyisoprene rubber layer. It can be understood that when the edge sub-adhesive layer 202 includes multiple types among a desiccant-filled butyl rubber layer, a desiccant-filled polyisobutylene rubber layer, and a desiccant-filled polyisoprene rubber layer, it means that the edge sub-adhesive layer 202 includes a composite layer formed by multiple types among a desiccant-filled butyl rubber layer, a desiccant-filled polyisobutylene rubber layer, and a desiccant-filled polyisoprene rubber layer.

[0055] In some embodiments, the material of the edge sub-adhesive layer includes at least one of desiccant-filled butyl rubber, desiccant-filled polyisobutylene, and desiccant-filled polyisoprene.

[0056] It can be understood that when forming the edge sub-adhesive layer 202, a relatively thick edge sub-adhesive layer original film 300 (such as with a thickness of h) can be placed at the edge where the current collector 201 does not need to be led out, and two relatively thin edge sub-adhesive layer original films 300 (with thicknesses of 0.5h respectively) can be placed on the side where the current collector 201 needs to be led out, so that the current collector is located between the two edge sub-adhesive layer original films 300. Then, during the lamination process in the preparation of the perovskite photovoltaic module 10, the edge sub-adhesive layer original film 300 softens and flows to form the edge sub-adhesive layer 202, and channels are formed at the position where the current collector 201 needs to be led out, manifested as the current collector 201 passing through the channels on the side of the edge sub-adhesive layer 202, as Figure 3 shown. Or, when forming the edge sub-adhesive layer 202, an edge sub-adhesive layer original film 300 with a certain thickness is placed around the perovskite solar cell 100, and two channels are opened on the edge sub-adhesive layer original film 300 on the side where the current collector 201 needs to be led out for the current collector 201 to be led out, as Figure 4As shown. Alternatively, first, the original film 300 of the edge sub-adhesive layer is laminated on the surface of the bus bar 201, so that the bus bar 201 after being laminated with the original film 300 of the edge sub-adhesive layer protrudes from the original film 300 of the edge sub-adhesive layer. Then, in the lamination process during the preparation of the perovskite photovoltaic module 10, the original film 300 of the edge sub-adhesive layer softens and flows to form the edge sub-adhesive layer 202, and channels are formed at the positions where the bus bar 201 needs to be led out, which is manifested as the bus bar 201 passing through the channels on the side of the edge sub-adhesive layer 202. Further, the lamination of the original film 300 of the edge sub-adhesive layer on the bus bar 201 can be that the original film 300 of the edge sub-adhesive layer partially covers or fully covers the bus bar 201.

[0057] In some embodiments, the perovskite photovoltaic module 10 further includes an insulating layer 204, and the insulating layer 204 is located between the bus bar 201 and the first electrode layer. By providing the insulating layer 204, the positions where the bus bar 201 and the first electrode layer do not contact can be insulated, reducing the risk of short circuit inside the perovskite photovoltaic module 10. It can be understood that the bus bar 201 is located on the surface of the insulating layer 204 after extending from the first electrode layer.

[0058] In some embodiments, the thickness of the insulating layer 204 is 10 μm to 50 μm. Within this thickness range, the insulating layer 204 can maintain a relatively appropriate thickness of the perovskite photovoltaic module 10 while exerting good insulating performance. Optionally, the thickness of the insulating layer 204 can be 10 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 14 μm, 15 μm, 16 μm, 17 μm, 18 μm, 19 μm, 20 μm, 21 μm, 22 μm, 23 μm, 24 μm, 25 μm, 28 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm, and any value within the range formed by any two of the above values.

[0059] In some embodiments, the insulating layer 204 includes at least one of a polyimide (PI) insulating layer and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) insulating layer. When the insulating layer 204 includes multiple types of polyimide (PI) insulating layer and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) insulating layer, it means that the insulating layer 204 includes a composite layer formed by multiple types of polyimide (PI) insulating layer and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) insulating layer.

[0060] In some embodiments, the material of the insulating layer 204 includes at least one of polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate.

[0061] In some embodiments, the insulating layer 204 has at least one bonding surface facing the first electrode layer. The insulating layer 204 and the first electrode layer can be more conveniently connected and compounded through the bonding surface. Optionally, the insulating layer 204 includes an insulating tape. It can be understood that when forming the insulating layer 204, the insulating tape can be pasted on the surface of the first electrode layer to form the insulating layer 204.

[0062] In some embodiments, the first electrode layer includes at least one of a conductive metal layer, a conductive non-metal layer, or a conductive metal oxide layer. Optionally, the conductive metal is selected from at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Ni, Cr, Bi, Pt, Mg, Mo, W, and their alloys. The conductive non-metal is selected from C. The conductive metal oxide is selected from at least one of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and indium tungsten oxide (IWO). Optionally, the thickness of the first electrode layer is 20 nm to 200 nm. Optionally, the thickness of the first electrode layer is 60 nm to 100 nm. Further optionally, the thickness of the first electrode layer is 70 nm to 90 nm.

[0063] In some embodiments, the perovskite battery 100 further includes a second electrode layer. The second electrode layer is located on the side of the perovskite layer away from the first electrode layer. Optionally, the second electrode layer is a transparent electrode layer. Optionally, the second electrode layer includes at least one of a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) transparent electrode layer, an indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode layer, an aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) transparent electrode layer, a boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO) transparent electrode layer, an indium zinc oxide (IZO) transparent electrode layer, and an indium tungsten oxide (IWO) transparent electrode layer. Optionally, the thickness of the second electrode layer is 100 nm to 1000 nm. Further optionally, the thickness of the second electrode layer is 300 nm to 800 nm.

[0064] It can be understood that the perovskite photovoltaic module 10 further includes a substrate 205, and the substrate 205 is located on the side of the perovskite battery away from the cover plate 203. It can be understood that the second electrode layer can be formed on the substrate 205. Optionally, the substrate 205 includes a glass substrate and a flexible substrate. The material of the flexible substrate can be exemplified but not limited to organic polymer materials. Further, the material of the flexible substrate can be composed of one or more of the following materials in different proportions: including but not limited to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), etc.

[0065] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell 100 further includes a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer, which are respectively used to transport the carriers generated by photoexcitation of the perovskite layer to the electrode layer. The hole transport layer is located between the second electrode layer and the perovskite layer, and the electron transport layer is located between the first electrode layer and the perovskite layer, so as to form a reverse perovskite cell. Alternatively, the hole transport layer is located between the first electrode layer and the perovskite layer, and the electron transport layer is located between the second electrode layer and the perovskite layer, so as to form a normal perovskite cell.

[0066] In some embodiments, the perovskite cell 100 further includes a metal fluoride layer (not shown in the figure). The metal fluoride layer is located between the electron transport layer and the first electrode layer. Alternatively, the metal fluoride layer is located between the electron transport layer and the second electrode layer. By providing the metal fluoride layer, the extraction of electrons can be promoted, and thus the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic module can be improved.

[0067] It can be understood that other functional layers can also be introduced into the perovskite cell 100 according to requirements, such as a modification layer (not shown in the figure). Optionally, the perovskite cell 100 can be provided with a modification layer having a suitable energy level, which can play one or more of the roles of reducing the energy level barrier, promoting energy level matching, improving the carrier extraction efficiency, passivating the interfacial defect states, protecting the light absorption layer, inhibiting the oxidation and decomposition of the battery by water molecules and oxygen, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and improving the stability of the perovskite cell. According to the different positions of the modification layer, the types of the modification layer can include a modification layer between the hole transport layer and the anode, a modification layer between the electron transport layer and the cathode, a modification layer between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer, and a modification layer between the electron transport layer and the perovskite layer. The materials that can be used for the modification layer in the perovskite cell can include but are not limited to: Cu 2 O, NiO, AZO, TiO 2 etc.

[0068] It can be understood that the perovskite layer includes a material with the chemical formula ABX 3 or A 2 CDX 6 Among them:

[0069] A is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic hybrid cation, including at least one of organic amine cations, Cs cations, K cations, Rb cations, and Li cations; the organic amine cation is selected from (NR1R2R3R4) + , (R1R2N=CR3R4) + , (R1R2N-C(R5)=NR3R4) + or (R1R2N-C(NR5R6)=R3R4) +, wherein, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-20 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl; A may optionally be methylamino (CH 3 NH 3 + )(MA + ), formamidinium (HC(NH 2 )) 2 + )(FA + ), cesium ion (Cs + ) and rubidium (Rb + ) at least one of, further optionally methylamino (CH 3 NH 3 + ) or formamidinium (HC(NH 2 )) 2 + ).

[0070] B is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic hybrid cation, including at least one of lead, tin, zinc, titanium, antimony, bismuth, nickel, iron, cobalt, silver, copper, gallium, germanium, magnesium, calcium, indium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, molybdenum and europium, optionally a divalent metal ion Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ at least one of.

[0071] C is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic hybrid cation, optionally a monovalent metal ion Ag + etc.

[0072] D is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic hybrid cation, optionally a trivalent metal ion bismuth cation Bi 3+ , antimony cation Sb 3+ , indium cation In 3+ etc.

[0073] X is an inorganic or organic or organic-inorganic hybrid anion, optionally one or more of halogen anions and pseudohalogen anions, further optionally bromide ion (Br - ) or iodide ion (I - ).

[0074] In some embodiments, the thickness of the perovskite layer is 100 nm to 1000 nm. As an example, the thickness of the perovskite layer can be, but is not limited to, 100 nm, 200 nm, 300 nm, 400 nm, 500 nm, 600 nm, 700 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm, 1000 nm or the range between any two of the above values.

[0075] In some embodiments, the bandgap of the perovskite layer is 1.2 eV to 2.3 eV. As an example, the bandgap of the perovskite layer is 1.2 eV, 1.3 eV, 1.4 eV, 1.5 eV, 1.6 eV, 1.7 eV, 1.8 eV, 1.9 eV, 2 eV, 2.1 eV, 2.2 eV, 2.3 eV, or a range between any two of the above values. When the bandgap of the perovskite layer is within the above range, it can have a high visible light absorption efficiency.

[0076] In some embodiments, the material of the electron transport layer may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following materials and their derivatives: imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerenes and their derivatives, methoxytriphenylamine-fluoromethylformamidine (OMeTPA-FA), calcium titanate (CaTiO 3 ), lithium fluoride (LiF), calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), triphenylene-based triphenylamine (H101), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine (EDOT-OMeTPA), N-(4-anilino)carbazole-spirobifluorene (CzPAF-SBF), polythiophene, metal oxides, silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), etc.; wherein, the metal elements may include one or more of Mg, Ni, Cd, Zn, In, Pb, Mo, W, Sb, Bi, Cu, Hg, Ti, Ag, Mn, Fe, V, Sn, Zr, Sr, Ga, and Cr.

[0077] In some embodiments, the material of the hole transport layer may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following materials and their derivatives: 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly(triarylamine) (PTAA), nickel oxide (NiO x ), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), WO 3 and other materials that can transport holes and block electrons.

[0078] Another embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned perovskite photovoltaic module 10. The method for manufacturing the perovskite photovoltaic module 10 includes the following steps: a current collector 201 is led out on the first electrode layer of the perovskite cell 10, and an original film of the edge sealant layer is placed on the outer edge of the perovskite cell 10. Among them, two original films of the edge sealant layer with a smaller thickness are placed on the side where the current collector 201 needs to be led out, so that the current collector 201 is located between the two original films of the edge sealant layer, and an original film of a packaging adhesive film with a larger thickness is placed on other sides. A cover plate 203 is placed on the surfaces of the original film of the packaging adhesive film and the original film of the edge sealant layer to obtain a pre-product. The pre-product is subjected to lamination treatment. Optionally, the thickness of the original film of the edge sealant layer with a larger thickness can be twice the thickness of the original film of the edge sealant layer with a smaller thickness. The original film of the packaging adhesive film can be at least one of a TPO film, a POE film, an EVA film, a TPU film, a PVB film, and an organosilica gel. Optionally, the original film of the edge sealant layer can be at least one of a butyl rubber film filled with a desiccant, a polyisobutylene film filled with a desiccant, and a polyisoprene film filled with a desiccant.

[0079] It can be understood that an original film of an insulating layer can be formed on the surface of the first electrode layer before leading out the current collector 201 on the first electrode layer, and the led-out current collector 201 is placed on the surface of the original film of the insulating layer. Optionally, the original film of the insulating layer can be a PI film, a PET film, etc.

[0080] In some embodiments, after lamination, a junction box is provided on the perovskite photovoltaic module 10. The junction box housing can be fixed to the perovskite photovoltaic module by an adhesive, then the current collector is welded to the welding position inside the junction box, and then an organosilica gel is injected into the junction box housing. After the organosilica gel is cured, the top cover of the junction box is installed on the junction box housing.

[0081] Another embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device. The electrical device includes the above-mentioned perovskite photovoltaic module 10.

[0082] In some of these embodiments, the above-mentioned perovskite photovoltaic module can be used as a power generation device of the electrical device. The type of the power generation device can include but is not limited to integrated power generation. The position of the power generation device can include but is not limited to positions such as the roof and the back panel of an automobile.

[0083] Furthermore, the above-mentioned electrical device can include mobile devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers, electric vehicles, electric trains, ships, satellites, power generation systems, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0084] Another embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic system includes the above-mentioned perovskite photovoltaic module 10.

[0085] Another embodiment of the present application provides a power generation device. The power generation device includes the above-mentioned perovskite photovoltaic module 10.

[0086] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and in no way limits the present application and its application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0087] For those technical or conditions not specified in the embodiments, they shall be carried out according to the technologies or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. For reagents or instruments without indicating the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0088] Embodiment 1

[0089] In this embodiment, the perovskite battery includes an FTO transparent electrode layer (with a thickness of 450 nm), a nickel oxide hole transport layer (with a thickness of 20 nm), FAPbI 3 perovskite layer (with a thickness of 500 nm), a C60 electron transport layer (with a thickness of 20 nm), and a Cu electrode layer (with a thickness of 100 nm) that are sequentially stacked.

[0090] The preparation method of the perovskite photovoltaic module in this embodiment is as follows:

[0091] S101: Laser edge cleaning is performed on the perovskite battery, and an area of 11 mm is cleared at the four peripheral edges to ensure that there is no FTO residue in the cleared area.

[0092] S102: A PI insulating tape with a thickness of 25 μm is pasted on the surface of the Cu electrode layer perpendicular to the scribing line.

[0093] S103: Copper strips are respectively led out as busbars at the positive and negative electrodes of the Cu electrode layer, and the copper strips extend and are led out to the pore positions of the edge sub-adhesive layer preset on the same side of the perovskite battery.

[0094] S104: A butyl rubber strip filled with desiccant with a width of 8 mm (manufacturer: Quanex, model: Edge Sealant–SET LP03) is placed on the outer edge of the Cu electrode layer. Among them, two butyl rubber strips filled with desiccant with a thickness of 0.4 mm are stacked on the side where the busbar needs to be led out, so that the copper strip is located between the two butyl rubber strips, and a butyl rubber strip filled with desiccant with a thickness of 0.8 mm is placed on the other sides, asFigure 3 as shown

[0095] S105: Lay a non-perforated TPO film on the product.

[0096] S106: Align the substrate glass and place a non-perforated tempered glass of the same size as the cover plate.

[0097] S107: Perform lamination treatment on the product.

[0098] S108: Install a junction box after lamination treatment.

[0099] Comparative Example 1

[0100] The perovskite solar cell in this comparative example is the same as the perovskite solar cell in Example 1.

[0101] The preparation method of the perovskite photovoltaic module in this comparative example is as follows:

[0102] S101: Laser edge cleaning is performed on the Cu electrode layer of the perovskite solar cell.

[0103] S102: Paste a PI insulating tape with a thickness of 25 μm on the surface of the Cu electrode layer perpendicular to the scribing.

[0104] S103: Copper strips are respectively led out as busbars at the positive and negative electrodes of the Cu electrode layer. The busbars are bent to the upper surface of the PI insulating tape and extend to the middle sub-cell below the pre-determined hole of the cover glass, and then the busbars are bent upward.

[0105] S104: Place a butyl rubber strip filled with desiccant with a thickness of 0.8 mm (the same as in Example 1) at the outer edge of the Cu electrode layer.

[0106] S105: A TPO film with two holes and a tempered glass with two holes are sequentially placed on the surface of the product as the cover plate, and the bent busbars are passed through the holes.

[0107] S106: Perform lamination treatment on the product.

[0108] S107: Install a junction box after lamination treatment.

[0109] Test Example

[0110] (1) The perovskite photovoltaic modules obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to a damp heat test. The test method was as follows: The positive and negative electrodes of the junction box of the perovskite photovoltaic module were short-circuited and placed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 85 °C and a humidity of 85% RH. After 1000 h, it was taken out, and the loss rate of the photoelectric conversion efficiency before and after the damp heat test was calculated by testing the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic curve. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0111] Table 1

[0112] Photovoltaic conversion efficiency before damp heat test Photovoltaic conversion efficiency after damp heat test Loss rate of photovoltaic conversion efficiency Example 1 21.34％ 20.76％ 2.72％ Comparative example 1 21.22％ 19.51％ 8.06％

[0113] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Comparative Example 1, the perovskite photovoltaic module in Example 1 has a lower loss rate of photoelectric conversion efficiency, indicating that the structural design of the perovskite photovoltaic module in Example 1 can improve the stability of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0114] (2) After the damp heat test, a yellowing area appears on the surface of the perovskite photovoltaic module in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the perovskite layer has been damaged to a certain extent, and then a yellowing area appears on the surface of the perovskite photovoltaic module. However, no yellowing area appears on the surface of the perovskite photovoltaic module in Example 1. It can be seen from this that the structural design of the perovskite photovoltaic module in Example 1 can reduce the risk of damage to the perovskite layer.

[0115] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0116] The above-described embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present application. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A perovskite photovoltaic module, characterized in that: It comprises a perovskite cell, a busbar, a packaging layer and a cover plate which are stacked in sequence; the perovskite cell comprises a perovskite layer and a first electrode layer which are stacked in sequence, the packaging layer is at least laid on the outer edge of the perovskite cell, the packaging layer is provided with a channel, and the opening of the channel is located on the side of the packaging layer; the busbar is connected to the first electrode layer and passes through the channel on the side of the packaging layer.

2. The perovskite photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: At the opening of the channel, the packaging layer covers the entire busbar.

3. The perovskite photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The encapsulation layer includes a middle sub-glue layer and an edge sub-glue layer, the middle sub-glue layer is laid on the side of the first electrode layer away from the perovskite layer, the edge sub-glue layer is laid around the perovskite battery, and the opening of the channel is located on the side of the edge sub-glue layer.

4. The perovskite photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thickness of the edge sub-glue layer is 0.4 mm to 1 mm.

5. The perovskite photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are a plurality of the current collectors, and the edge sub-glue layer is provided with a plurality of the holes, and the plurality of the holes are used for allowing the plurality of current collectors to pass through respectively.

6. The perovskite photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that: The openings of the plurality of channels are located on the same side of the edge glue layer.

7. The perovskite photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The middle sub-rubber layer includes at least one of a polyolefin elastomer rubber layer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer rubber layer, a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber layer, a polyvinyl butyral rubber layer and an organic silicone rubber layer.

8. The perovskite photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The edge sub-adhesive layer includes at least one of a desiccant-filled butyl adhesive layer, a desiccant-filled polyisobutylene adhesive layer, and a desiccant-filled polyisoprene adhesive layer.

9. The perovskite photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 2 and 4 to 8, characterized in that: The perovskite photovoltaic module further includes an insulating layer, and the insulating layer is located between the bus bar and the first electrode layer.

10. The perovskite photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that: The insulating layer satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The thickness of the insulating layer is 10 μm to 50 μm; (2) The insulating layer includes at least one of a polyimide insulating layer and a polyethylene terephthalate insulating layer; (3) The insulating layer has at least one adhesive surface, and the at least one adhesive surface faces the first electrode layer.

11. The perovskite photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 2, 4 to 8, and 10, characterized in that: The perovskite photovoltaic module further includes a substrate, which is located on a side of the perovskite cell away from the cover plate.

12. The perovskite photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that: The perovskite cell further includes a second electrode layer; the second electrode layer is located on a side of the perovskite layer away from the first electrode layer.

13. An electrical device, characterized in that: A perovskite photovoltaic module comprising any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that: A perovskite photovoltaic module comprising any one of claims 1 to 12.

15. A power generation device, characterized in that: A perovskite photovoltaic module comprising any one of claims 1 to 12.

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