Diluting system structure for hemodialysis

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to a dilution system structure for hemodialysis, which comprises a front dilution loop, a rear dilution loop, a displacement liquid outlet, a dialyzer and a controller. Displacement liquid of the displacement liquid outlet flows into the dialyzer through the front dilution loop, and dialysate flowing out of the dialyzer and the displacement liquid of the displacement liquid outlet flow into a human body through the rear dilution loop; the front dilution loop comprises a front dilution displacement pump, and the rear dilution loop comprises a rear dilution displacement pump; the problems that existing hemodialysis synchronous mixing and diluting treatment effects are poor and flexibility is poor are solved. The operation modes of the front dilution replacement pump and the rear dilution replacement pump are changed through the connection mode of the front dilution loop and the rear dilution loop, and flexible adjustment of the dialysis mode is achieved; the hemodialysis treatment effect can be effectively improved by monitoring the hemodialysis process in real time and automatically adjusting the hemodialysis parameters according to the monitoring result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a dilution system structure used for hemodialysis. Background Art

[0002] Hemodialysis is one of the commonly used methods of blood purification. It mainly refers to establishing extracorporeal circulation through hemodialysis equipment, injecting the patient's blood and dialysate into the dialyzer at the same time, and using the semipermeable membrane diffusion effect of the dialyzer to remove small molecular metabolic waste or harmful substances in the blood, thereby correcting the patient's body's water load, electrolyte disorder, acid-base imbalance, etc. In clinical practice, hemodialysis is often used to treat acute and chronic renal failure, as well as drug or toxic poisoning.

[0003] The hemodialysis process includes pre-dilution and post-dilution. Pre-dilution refers to the position where the replacement fluid enters the dialysis line before the dialyzer; post-dilution refers to the position where the replacement fluid enters the dialysis line after the dialyzer. The main differences between pre-dilution and post-dilution are solute clearance rate, solute distribution volume, patient volume status, vascular access preparation time, and complication risk. When performing hemodialysis, it is necessary to choose the appropriate dilution method according to the patient's specific situation.

[0004] Since pre-dilution can reduce the risk of coagulation and post-dilution can improve the clearance effect of dialysis, most hemodialysis equipment currently performs pre-dilution and post-dilution simultaneously to improve the therapeutic effect of hemodialysis. However, the therapeutic effect of the existing synchronous mixed dilution method is not ideal, mainly due to the following reasons:

[0005] 1) When using a filter with a lower flux, the amount of liquid passing through the filter is limited, which will cause the post-dilution rate to decrease during simultaneous mixing and dilution, resulting in an unsatisfactory post-dilution removal effect;

[0006] 2). At the beginning of treatment, the anticoagulant effect has not been fully exerted due to the suspension of blood drawing and the start of the heparin pump. Therefore, the pre-dilution using synchronous mixed dilution cannot effectively alleviate blood coagulation. Before the end of treatment, the heparin pump is stopped and the blood is thicker after ultrafiltration treatment. Therefore, the synchronous mixed dilution cannot effectively alleviate blood coagulation.

[0007] In addition, the parameters of the existing synchronous mixed dilution need to be set before dialysis, and the parameters of the entire dialysis process are not easy to adjust. Therefore, it is impossible to adjust the parameters according to the real-time effect of dialysis, and the flexibility is poor. Utility Model Content

[0008] The utility model aims to provide a dilution system structure for hemodialysis, so as to solve the problems of poor therapeutic effect and poor flexibility of the existing hemodialysis synchronous mixed dilution treatment.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a dilution system structure for hemodialysis, comprising a front dilution circuit, a rear dilution circuit, a replacement fluid outlet, a dialyzer and a controller; the replacement fluid at the replacement fluid outlet flows into the dialyzer through the front dilution circuit, and the dialysate flowing out of the dialyzer and the replacement fluid at the replacement fluid outlet flow into the human body through the rear dilution circuit; the front dilution circuit comprises a front dilution replacement pump, and the rear dilution circuit comprises a rear dilution replacement pump; the inlet end of the controller is connected to the replacement fluid outlet, and the outlet end of the controller is simultaneously connected to the inlet of the front dilution replacement pump and the inlet of the rear dilution replacement pump.

[0010] It is beneficial to change the operation mode of the front dilution displacement pump and the rear dilution displacement pump by connecting the front dilution circuit and the rear dilution circuit, so as to realize flexible adjustment of the dialysis mode for different patients to achieve better dialysis treatment effect; it is beneficial to monitor the hemodialysis process in real time and automatically adjust the dialysis parameters according to the monitoring results, which can effectively improve the treatment effect of hemodialysis; it solves the problem of poor effect and poor flexibility of the existing hemodialysis synchronous mixed dilution treatment.

[0011] Furthermore, the pre-dilution circuit also includes an arterial pot, a blood pump and a heparin pump, and the post-dilution circuit also includes a venous pot, the outlet of the pre-dilution displacement pump is connected to the arterial pot; the outlet of the post-dilution displacement pump is connected to the venous pot; the outlet of the blood pump is connected to the inlet of the arterial pot and connected to the heparin pump; the outlet of the arterial pot is connected to one end of the dialyzer; and the inlet of the venous pot is connected to the other end of the dialyzer.

[0012] It is beneficial to realize the real-time measurement of transmembrane pressure in the front dilution circuit through the arterial pot and to discharge the air in the front dilution circuit; to provide anticoagulant through the heparin pump in the front dilution circuit to avoid blood blockage in the pipeline due to coagulation, thereby affecting the dialysis effect; to provide power for the flow of blood in the pipeline through the blood pump; and to realize the real-time measurement of transmembrane pressure in the back dilution circuit through the venous pot and to discharge the air in the back dilution circuit.

[0013] Furthermore, the pre-dilution displacement pump and the post-dilution displacement pump are operated at intervals during hemodialysis, and further include a pressure sensor, which is connected to the venous pot and is used to measure the transmembrane pressure of the post-dilution circuit during the interval operation.

[0014] It is beneficial to realize real-time measurement of post-dilution transmembrane pressure in the interval dialysis mode through the connection of the pressure sensor and the venous bottle, and then obtain the average transmembrane pressure based on the real-time measurement value, and judge whether the average transmembrane pressure exceeds the set switching pressure threshold, so as to disconnect the post-dilution displacement pump and only connect the pre-dilution displacement pump, thereby accelerating the improvement of the pre-dilution solute clearance rate, avoiding blockage, and improving dialysis safety.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a first clamp and a second clamp, wherein the first clamp is arranged between the controller and the front dilution displacement pump, and the second clamp is arranged between the controller and the rear dilution displacement pump.

[0016] It is beneficial to switch the flow direction of the replacement fluid between the front dilution circuit and the rear dilution circuit by manually controlling the opening and closing of the first clamp and the second clamp, and the switching is used for interval dilution or synchronous dilution, thereby flexibly adjusting the dialysis mode and improving the dialysis effect.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a timer, which is connected to the controller and is used to control the running time of the front dilution displacement pump and the rear dilution displacement pump to be opened or closed at intervals.

[0018] It is beneficial to control the interval time when the front dilution circuit and the back dilution circuit are switched by the timer, so as to realize automatic control of the front dilution flux and the back dilution flux, thereby improving the dialysis effect.

[0019] Furthermore, the pre-dilution displacement pump and the post-dilution displacement pump operate synchronously during hemodialysis, and further include a pressure sensor, which is connected to the venous pot and is used to measure the transmembrane pressure of the post-dilution circuit during synchronous operation.

[0020] It is beneficial to realize the real-time measurement of post-dilution transmembrane pressure in the synchronous dialysis mode through the connection of the pressure sensor and the venous bottle, and then obtain the mean transmembrane pressure according to the real-time measurement value, and judge the size of the upper threshold and lower threshold of the mean transmembrane pressure and the set liquid adjustment pressure threshold, so as to correspondingly and flexibly adjust the solute clearance rate of pre-dilution and post-dilution, avoid blockage, and improve the safety of dialysis.

[0021] Furthermore, the pre-dilution displacement pump operates independently within a first period after the start of hemodialysis and within a second period before the end of hemodialysis.

[0022] It is beneficial to perform pre-dilution before starting dialysis and before ending dialysis, thereby effectively alleviating the problem of blood coagulation and improving the therapeutic effect of hemodialysis.

[0023] Furthermore, the first time range is 10±2 minutes; the second time range is 10±2 minutes.

[0024] It is beneficial to alleviate the problem of blood coagulation and improve the dialysis effect by running the pre-dilution replacement pump alone before the start of dialysis when the anticoagulant of the heparin pump has not yet taken effect, and before the end of dialysis when the heparin pump is turned off and the anticoagulant dose is small.

[0025] Furthermore, the displacement fluid rate variation of the pre-dilution displacement pump and the post-dilution displacement pump is 5-100 ml / min.

[0026] It is beneficial to achieve convenient and accurate flow control of the replacement fluid flux of the front dilution replacement pump and the rear dilution replacement pump respectively through a specific replacement fluid rate change.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the operation mode of the front dilution displacement pump and the rear dilution displacement pump is changed by connecting the front dilution circuit and the rear dilution circuit, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of the dialysis mode for different patients to achieve better dialysis treatment effect; by real-time monitoring of the hemodialysis process and automatically adjusting the dialysis parameters according to the monitoring results, the treatment effect of hemodialysis can be effectively improved; the problem of poor treatment effect and poor flexibility of the existing hemodialysis synchronous mixed dilution treatment is solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the system configuration for hemodialysis provided in this embodiment.

[0029] Description of the symbols in the accompanying drawings: pre-dilution replacement pump 1, post-dilution replacement pump 2, replacement fluid outlet 3, arterial pot 4, blood pump 5, venous pot 6, heparin pump 7, dialyzer 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following is a further detailed description of the dilution system structure for hemodialysis proposed by the utility model in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, which are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the utility model. In addition, the structure shown in the accompanying drawings is often a part of the actual structure. In particular, the emphasis of each accompanying drawing is different, and sometimes different proportions are used.

[0031] It should be noted that the "first", "second" and the like in the specification, claims and drawings of the utility model are used to distinguish similar objects in order to describe the embodiments of the utility model, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the structures used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0032] This embodiment provides a system structure for hemodialysis, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a front dilution circuit, a rear dilution circuit, a replacement fluid outlet 3, a dialyzer 8 and a controller; the replacement fluid at the replacement fluid outlet 3 flows into the dialyzer 8 through the front dilution circuit, and the dialysate flowing out of the dialyzer 8 and the replacement fluid at the replacement fluid outlet 3 flow into the human body through the rear dilution circuit; the front dilution circuit includes a front dilution replacement pump 1, and the rear dilution circuit includes a rear dilution replacement pump 2; the inlet end of the controller is connected to the replacement fluid outlet 3, and the outlet end of the controller is simultaneously connected to the inlet of the front dilution replacement pump 1 and the inlet of the rear dilution replacement pump 2.

[0033] In this embodiment, interval dilution means that during one hemodialysis process, the front dilution circuit and the back dilution circuit are performed alternately; synchronous dilution means that during one hemodialysis process, the front dilution circuit and the back dilution circuit are performed simultaneously.

[0034] The pre-dilution circuit also includes an arterial pot 4, a blood pump 5 and a heparin pump 7, and the post-dilution circuit also includes a venous pot 6. The outlet of the pre-dilution replacement pump 1 is connected to the arterial pot 4; the outlet of the post-dilution replacement pump 2 is connected to the venous pot 6; the outlet of the blood pump 5 is connected to the inlet of the arterial pot 4 and is connected to the heparin pump 7; the outlet of the arterial pot 4 is connected to one end of the dialyzer 8; and the inlet of the venous pot 6 is connected to the other end of the dialyzer 8.

[0035] In this embodiment, the blood pump 5 is used to provide power for the patient's extracorporeal blood circulation, with a flow rate range of 20 to 700 ml / min. One end of the blood pump 5 is connected to the patient's artery through an arterial blood vessel line, and the other end is connected to the dialyzer 8 to circulate blood; the front dilution replacement pump 1 is used to provide power for the replacement fluid, with a flow rate range of 10 to 450 ml / min. One end of the front dilution replacement pump 1 is connected to the replacement fluid outlet 3 through a replacement fluid pipeline, and the other end is connected to the arterial pot 4 of the arterial blood vessel line to circulate the dialysate; the post-dilution replacement pump 2 is used to provide power for the replacement fluid , the flow rate range is 10~450ml / min, one end of the post-dilution replacement pump 2 is connected to the replacement fluid outlet 3 through the replacement fluid pipeline, and the other end is connected to the venous pot 6 of the venous blood vessel line to circulate the dialysate; the dialyzer 8 is a container for exchanging solutes between blood and dialysate, wherein the dialysate flow rate range is 0~1000ml / min, one end of the arterial blood line tube is connected to the dialyzer 8 arterial connector, one end of the venous blood line tube is connected to the dialyzer 8 venous connector, the liquid supply port is connected to the liquid supply port connector of the dialyzer 8, and the liquid return port is connected to the liquid return port connector of the dialyzer 8.

[0036] When patients require hemodialysis with interval dilution:

[0037] First, in the post-dilution operation stage, the mean transmembrane pressure of the post-dilution is obtained in the venous bottle through the pressure sensor. In practical applications, multiple transmembrane pressures of the post-dilution at the current moment can be obtained at intervals, and then the average of the multiple transmembrane pressures is calculated to obtain the mean transmembrane pressure, which is recorded as Pt.

[0038] Next, the switching pressure threshold is set according to the post-dilution transmembrane pressure average. The switching pressure threshold is greater than the post-dilution transmembrane pressure average. In a specific embodiment, the switching pressure threshold Pt_max = Pt + 50. Of course, in practical applications, the value of the switching pressure threshold needs to be reasonably set according to actual conditions.

[0039] If the current transmembrane pressure of the post-dilution is greater than the switching pressure threshold, the post-dilution circuit is switched to the pre-dilution circuit through the controller.

[0040] Since the blood viscosity is high during the post-dilution process, which is prone to blockage, this embodiment monitors the transmembrane pressure of the post-dilution and promptly adjusts the post-dilution to the pre-dilution when it is greater than the set switching pressure threshold, thereby reducing the risk of blockage and improving the safety of the hemodialysis process.

[0041] When patients require hemodialysis with simultaneous dilution:

[0042] First, during synchronous dilution, the mean transmembrane pressure after dilution is obtained in the intravenous bottle through the pressure sensor. In practical applications, multiple transmembrane pressures after dilution at the current moment can also be obtained at intervals, and then the average value of the multiple transmembrane pressures is calculated to obtain the mean transmembrane pressure, which is recorded as Pt.

[0043] Next, according to the post-dilution transmembrane pressure average, the upper threshold of the liquid regulating pressure and the lower threshold of the liquid regulating pressure are set. Among them, the lower threshold of the liquid regulating pressure is less than the post-dilution transmembrane pressure average, and the upper threshold of the liquid regulating pressure is greater than the post-dilution transmembrane pressure average. In a specific embodiment, the upper threshold of the liquid regulating pressure Pt_up = Pt+30, and the lower threshold of the liquid regulating pressure Pt_down = Pt-30. Of course, in actual applications, it is necessary to reasonably set the values ​​of the upper threshold of the liquid regulating pressure and the lower threshold of the liquid regulating pressure according to actual conditions.

[0044] If the transmembrane pressure of the current post-dilution is greater than the upper threshold of the liquid adjustment pressure, the displacement rate change of the front dilution displacement pump and / or the rear dilution displacement pump is changed to increase the front dilution rate and / or reduce the rear dilution rate; if the transmembrane pressure of the current post-dilution is less than the lower threshold of the liquid adjustment pressure, the displacement rate change of the front dilution displacement pump and / or the rear dilution displacement pump is changed to increase the rear dilution rate and / or reduce the front dilution rate. In practical applications, the displacement rate change of the front dilution displacement pump and the rear dilution displacement pump are both 5 to 100 ml / min. In a specific embodiment, the displacement rate change of the front dilution displacement pump and the rear dilution displacement pump is 5 ml / min.

[0045] In this way, the pre-dilution rate and post-dilution rate are dynamically adjusted by obtaining the post-dilution transmembrane pressure in real time, which can ensure the maximum treatment effect while ensuring that the post-dilution will not be blocked, thereby improving the clearance effect while ensuring the safety of the hemodialysis process.

[0046] In practical applications, in order to obtain relevant data of the hemodialysis process, a pressure monitor may be provided at the venous pot 6 to obtain venous pressure, a pressure monitor may be provided at the inlet of the blood pump 5 (the patient's artery) to obtain arterial pressure, and a pressure monitor may be provided at the arterial pot 4 to obtain the pre-dilution pressure. Furthermore, in order to flexibly change the process of pre-dilution and post-dilution, clamps may be provided at the inlet and outlet of the pre-dilution displacement pump 1 and at the inlet and outlet of the post-dilution displacement pump 2.

[0047] The pre-dilution substitution pump 1 operates alone within a first period after the start of hemodialysis and within a second period before the end of hemodialysis.

[0048] In this embodiment, within the first time range, the pre-dilution is performed with the initial dialysis parameters; within the second time range before the end of the hemodialysis, the pre-dilution is performed with the current dialysis parameters until the hemodialysis process ends.

[0049] In this embodiment, the first time range and the second time range are both 10±2 minutes. Of course, in other embodiments, the initial pre-dilution time can be reasonably set according to the actual situation of the patient and the total time of hemodialysis.

[0050] In addition, the connection relationship, functions, etc. between the relevant devices are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated in this application.

[0051] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other. In addition, the different parts between the various embodiments can also be used in combination with each other, and the present utility model is not limited to this.

[0052] The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not any limitation on the scope of the utility model. Any changes and modifications made by ordinary technicians in the field of the utility model based on the above disclosure shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A dilution system structure for hemodialysis, characterized in that: It comprises a front dilution circuit, a rear dilution circuit, a replacement fluid outlet, a dialyzer and a controller; the replacement fluid at the replacement fluid outlet flows into the dialyzer via the front dilution circuit, and the dialysate flowing out of the dialyzer and the replacement fluid at the replacement fluid outlet flow into the human body via the rear dilution circuit; the front dilution circuit comprises a front dilution replacement pump, and the rear dilution circuit comprises a rear dilution replacement pump; the inlet end of the controller is connected to the replacement fluid outlet, and the outlet end of the controller is simultaneously connected to the inlet of the front dilution replacement pump and the inlet of the rear dilution replacement pump.

2. The dilution system structure for hemodialysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-dilution circuit also includes an arterial pot, a blood pump and a heparin pump, and the post-dilution circuit also includes a venous pot, the outlet of the pre-dilution displacement pump is connected to the arterial pot; the outlet of the post-dilution displacement pump is connected to the venous pot; the outlet of the blood pump is connected to the inlet of the arterial pot and is connected to the heparin pump; the outlet of the arterial pot is connected to one end of the dialyzer; and the inlet of the venous pot is connected to the other end of the dialyzer.

3. The dilution system structure for hemodialysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pre-dilution displacement pump and the post-dilution displacement pump are operated at intervals during hemodialysis, and further include a pressure sensor connected to the venous pot for measuring the transmembrane pressure of the post-dilution circuit during the interval operation.

4. The dilution system structure for hemodialysis according to claim 3, characterized in that: The device also includes a first clamp and a second clamp, wherein the first clamp is disposed between the controller and a front dilution displacement pump, and the second clamp is disposed between the controller and a rear dilution displacement pump.

5. The dilution system structure for hemodialysis according to claim 3, characterized in that: A timer is also included, and the timer is connected to the controller and is used to control the running time of the front dilution displacement pump and the rear dilution displacement pump to be turned on or off at intervals.

6. The dilution system structure for hemodialysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pre-dilution displacement pump and the post-dilution displacement pump are operated synchronously during hemodialysis, and further include a pressure sensor, which is connected to the venous pot and is used to measure the transmembrane pressure of the post-dilution circuit during synchronous operation.

7. The dilution system structure for hemodialysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-dilution displacement pump operates alone within a first period after the start of hemodialysis and within a second period before the end of hemodialysis.

8. The dilution system structure for hemodialysis according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first time range is 10±2 minutes; the second time range is 10±2 minutes.

9. The dilution system structure for hemodialysis according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The displacement fluid rate variation of the pre-dilution displacement pump and the post-dilution displacement pump is 5-100 ml / min.

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