Combined waveguide antenna structure and array

Abstract

The utility model provides a combined waveguide antenna structure and array, comprising an antenna upper layer and an antenna lower layer, the antenna upper layer and the antenna lower layer are fixedly connected; the top surface of the antenna upper layer is provided with a slot antenna, and the slot antenna is connected with a waveguide transmission line arranged on the bottom surface of the antenna upper layer; a waveguide inlet is formed in the bottom surface of the antenna lower layer, penetrates through the antenna lower layer and is correspondingly connected with the waveguide transmission line to form a waveguide transmission channel, and the waveguide inlet is used for being connected with an external signal input component. The waveguide antenna structure disclosed by the utility model adopts a double-layer design, the waveguide structure is concentrated on the upper layer, the lower layer structure is simple, the manufacturing process is simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of waveguide antennas, and in particular to a combined waveguide antenna structure and array. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the application of vehicle-mounted millimeter-wave radar, waveguide antennas are gaining more and more attention due to their advantages such as low loss and high isolation; more and more manufacturers are trying to use plastics with metalized surfaces to prepare waveguide antennas. However, due to the complex internal structure of waveguide antennas, especially in the 76-81GHz frequency band of vehicles, high requirements are placed on dimensional accuracy, and thus high requirements are placed on processing technology, resulting in high manufacturing costs. Therefore, a waveguide antenna structure that is easy to manufacture is needed. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a combined waveguide antenna structure and array.

[0004] According to the utility model, a combined waveguide antenna structure is provided, comprising: an antenna upper layer and an antenna lower layer, wherein the antenna upper layer and the antenna lower layer are fixedly connected;

[0005] A slot antenna is arranged on the top surface of the upper layer of the antenna, and the slot antenna is connected to the waveguide transmission line arranged on the bottom surface of the upper layer of the antenna; a waveguide inlet is arranged on the bottom surface of the lower layer of the antenna, and the waveguide inlet penetrates the lower layer of the antenna and is correspondingly connected to the waveguide transmission line to form a waveguide transmission channel, and the waveguide inlet is used to connect an external signal input component.

[0006] Preferably, one end of the slot antenna is closed and short-circuited, and the other end is open and connected to a waveguide transmission line, forming an end-fed resonant waveguide slot antenna.

[0007] Preferably, the ratio of the width to the depth of the resonant cavity of the slot antenna is 2:1.

[0008] Preferably, the ratio of the width to the depth of the waveguide transmission line is 2:1, and the same size structure as the slot antenna resonant cavity is adopted.

[0009] Preferably, the antenna upper layer and the antenna lower layer are made of plastic material, a metal layer is provided on the plastic surface, and the antenna upper layer and the antenna lower layer are fixedly connected by fastener connection, welding, or gluing.

[0010] Preferably, the top surface of the lower layer of the antenna is a planar structure, and the top surface of the lower layer of the antenna is combined with the waveguide transmission line and the slot antenna to form a waveguide transmission cavity.

[0011] Preferably, a shielding body is arranged around the waveguide inlet for shielding; the shielding body comprises one or more circles of enclosures, or a combination of enclosures and magnetic conductors, and the enclosures or magnetic conductors are arranged around the waveguide inlet.

[0012] Preferably, the enclosure or the magnetic conductor is provided with a gap for avoiding the feeder.

[0013] Preferably, the size of the enclosure is 0.5-0.8mm in width and 0.8-1.3mm in height; the size of the magnetic conductor is a combination of columns with a width of 0.5-0.8mm, a height of 0.8-1.3mm and a center spacing of 0.9-1.4mm, and the columnar body can be a circular cylinder or a rectangular cylinder.

[0014] A combined waveguide antenna array provided by the utility model includes the combined waveguide antenna structure.

[0015] A car provided according to the utility model comprises the combined waveguide antenna array.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The waveguide antenna structure disclosed in the utility model adopts a double-layer design, which concentrates the waveguide structure on the upper layer. The lower layer has a simple structure, which simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces the manufacturing cost.

[0018] 2. The slot antenna in the utility model is end-fed, which effectively reduces the volume of the slot antenna structure while ensuring the transmission bandwidth, which is beneficial to the layout of the radar antenna array.

[0019] 3. The utility model adopts a variety of shielding body designs, which not only utilizes the low-loss characteristics of the waveguide to ensure radar performance, but also can adopt existing mature microstrip RF chips, which is more conducive to rapid introduction into mass production.

[0020] 4. The utility model adopts a plastic substrate and a metallized waveguide antenna, which has the advantages of small size, light weight and low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front perspective view of the waveguide antenna in the utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the back side of the waveguide antenna in the utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the expansion of the waveguide antenna in the utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a top view of the upper layer of the antenna and a perspective view of the internal structure of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a top view of the lower layer of the antenna in the utility model;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the lower layer of the antenna in the utility model;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a partial schematic diagram of various shielding bodies at the lower layer of the antenna in the utility model;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional diagram of the matching of the antenna and the feeder in the utility model;

[0030] Fig. 9 This is a design example diagram of the antenna layout in this utility model.

[0031] Description of reference numerals:

[0032] Waveguide antenna 1 Shield 5

[0033] Antenna upper layer 11 Magnetic conductor 51

[0034] Antenna lower layer 12 enclosure 52

[0035] Slot antenna 2 PCB main board 6

[0036] Waveguide transmission line 3 Feed line 61

[0037] Waveguide inlet 4 Dielectric material 62 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the utility model, but do not limit the utility model in any form. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the utility model. These all belong to the protection scope of the utility model.

[0039] The utility model discloses a combined waveguide antenna structure, referring to Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the waveguide antenna 1 is mainly composed of an antenna upper layer 11 and an antenna lower layer 12 .

[0040] The antenna upper layer 11 and the antenna lower layer 12 are both made of high-temperature resistant and high-strength plastic materials (such as PPS, PEEK, PPO, etc.) as the base material, are formed by a precision injection molding process, and then coated with a metal layer using a process such as electroplating or deposition. Finally, they are connected and fixed into one by processes such as reflow soldering, ultrasonic welding, conductive glue bonding, or fastener connection.

[0041] Reference Figure 4 As shown, a slot antenna 2 is arranged on the top surface of the antenna upper layer 11 and is connected to a waveguide transmission line 3 arranged on the bottom surface of the antenna upper layer; the slot antenna 2 radiates or receives signals as a radiation element and is transmitted by the waveguide transmission line 3; one end of the slot antenna 2 is closed and short-circuited, and the other end is open and connected to the waveguide transmission line 3, forming an end-fed resonant waveguide slot antenna.

[0042] The typical width-to-depth ratio of the resonant cavity of the slot antenna 2 is 2:1 or a similar ratio. To adapt to vehicle-mounted application scenarios in the 76-81 GHz frequency band, a width of 2.2-2.7 mm and a height of 0.8-1.4 mm are usually adopted.

[0043] The typical width-to-depth ratio of the waveguide transmission line 3 is 2:1 or an approximate ratio. To adapt to vehicle-mounted application scenarios in the 76-81 GHz frequency band and simplify the design, the same size design as the slot antenna resonant cavity is usually adopted, that is, 2.2-2.7 mm in width and 0.8-1.4 mm in depth.

[0044] Reference Figure 5-Figure 8 As shown, the top surface of the antenna lower layer 12 is designed to be a plane, and the plane is combined with the waveguide transmission line 3 and the slot antenna 2 to form a waveguide transmission cavity with excellent shielding and stable dimensions.

[0045] A waveguide inlet 4 is arranged on the bottom surface of the antenna lower layer 12 . The waveguide inlet 4 penetrates the antenna lower layer 12 and is correspondingly connected to the waveguide transmission line 3 to form a waveguide transmission channel.

[0046] A shielding body 5 is arranged around the waveguide inlet 4 for shielding, and includes one or more circles of enclosure 52, or a combination of enclosure 52 and a magnetic conductor 51; the enclosure 52 or the magnetic conductor 51 is arranged around the waveguide inlet 4, which can effectively ensure the matching of the waveguide inlet 4 and the feeder 61, and can maintain excellent transmission performance even when there is a large gap between the antenna 1 and the PCB mainboard 6.

[0047] The size of the enclosure 52 is a zigzag wall with a width of 0.5-0.8mm and a height of 0.8-1.3mm; the size of the magnetic conductor 51 is a columnar body combination with a width of 0.5-0.8mm, a height of 0.8-1.3mm, and a center interval of 0.9-1.4mm, and the columnar body can be a cylinder or a rectangular cylinder. The enclosure 52 or the magnetic conductor 51 is vacant at one end to avoid the feeder 61 on the PCB main board 6 as much as possible.

[0048] The magnetic conductor 51 is usually 7 columns, 3 of which are arranged on both sides of the waveguide inlet 4 in the length direction, one at one end in the width direction, and the other end is vacant to avoid the feed line 61 on the PCB main board 6 as much as possible;

[0049] The PCB main board 6 is a radar function main board, which is provided with a feed line 61 corresponding to the waveguide inlet 4; to be suitable for the vehicle-mounted frequency band of 76-81 GHz, the dielectric material 62 generally adopts a high-frequency PCB substrate (such as: RO3003G2, etc.).

[0050] Connect the waveguide antenna to the PCB main board 6 by mechanical or non-mechanical means such as snaps, fasteners, glue, etc., and align the shielding body 5 on the waveguide antenna with the feeder line 61;

[0051] The utility model also discloses a combined waveguide antenna array, including multiple waveguide antenna structures, for example: multiple waveguide transmission cavities are arranged on the waveguide antenna. Fig. 9 As shown, when multiple antennas are arranged side by side, the minimum antenna spacing can be less than or equal to 1.5 times the wavelength. The utility model also discloses a car, comprising the above-mentioned combined waveguide antenna array.

[0052] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0053] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other at will.

Claims

1. A combined waveguide antenna structure, characterized in that: include: An antenna upper layer (11) and an antenna lower layer (12), wherein the antenna upper layer (11) and the antenna lower layer (12) are fixedly connected; The top surface of the antenna upper layer (11) is provided with a slot antenna (2), and the slot antenna (2) is connected to a waveguide transmission line (3) provided on the bottom surface of the antenna upper layer (11); the bottom surface of the antenna lower layer (12) is provided with a waveguide inlet (4), and the waveguide inlet (4) penetrates the antenna lower layer (12) and is correspondingly connected to the waveguide transmission line (3) to form a waveguide transmission channel, and the waveguide inlet (4) is used to connect an external feeder (61).

2. The combined waveguide antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the slot antenna (2) is closed and short-circuited, and the other end is open and connected to a waveguide transmission line (3), thereby forming a resonant waveguide slot antenna with end feeding.

3. The combined waveguide antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ratio of the width to the depth of the resonant cavity of the slot antenna (2) is 2:1; The ratio of the width to the depth of the waveguide transmission line (3) is 2:1, and the waveguide transmission line (3) has the same size structure as the resonant cavity of the slot antenna (2).

4. The combined waveguide antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna upper layer (11) and the antenna lower layer (12) are made of plastic material, a metal layer is provided on the plastic surface, and the antenna upper layer (11) and the antenna lower layer (12) are connected and fixed into one piece by reflow soldering, ultrasonic welding, conductive glue bonding or fastener connection technology.

5. The combined waveguide antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the antenna lower layer (12) is a planar structure, and the top surface of the antenna lower layer (12) is combined with the waveguide transmission line (3) and the slot antenna (2) to form a waveguide transmission cavity.

6. The combined waveguide antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shielding body (5) is arranged around the waveguide inlet (4); the shielding body (5) comprises one or more circles of enclosures (52), or a combination of a magnetic conductor (51) and an enclosure (52); the magnetic conductor (51) or the enclosure (52) is arranged around the waveguide inlet (4).

7. The combined waveguide antenna structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The magnetic conductor (51) or the enclosure (52) is provided with a gap for avoiding the feeder (61).

8. The combined waveguide antenna structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The enclosure (52) is a zigzag wall with a width of 0.5-0.8 mm and a height of 0.8-1.3 mm; the magnetic conductor (51) is a cylindrical body combination with a width of 0.5-0.8 mm, a height of 0.8-1.3 mm, and a center spacing of 0.9-1.4 mm, and the cylindrical body can be a cylindrical body or a rectangular cylindrical body.

9. A combined waveguide antenna array, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of combined waveguide antenna structures according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An automobile, characterized in that: Includes the combined waveguide antenna array as described in claim 9.

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