Device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater by utilizing immobilized microorganisms

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater by utilizing immobilized microorganisms, which comprises a floating bed, a reaction unit, a water storage bin and a vane pump at the lowermost end, a solar panel is arranged at the top, and a reaction tank, a concentration tank, a small water pump and the like are arranged in the device; when the device is used, the device is placed in acidic heavy metal wastewater, the running depth is controlled through the high-pressure air chamber and the like, and the wastewater is lifted by the vane pump to enter the reaction tank during running, is purified by immobilized microorganism particles in the reaction tank and then flows out of a filter plate at the upper part of the inner layer of the reaction tank. The repeated utilization of the immobilized microorganism particles is realized. The device can be used for customized treatment of heavy metal wastewater at different depths, can be suitable for purification of the heavy metal wastewater under an extreme acidic condition, and effectively solves the problems that microorganisms in a free bioremediation technology are easy to lose and the heavy metal removal efficiency is influenced by the extreme acidic condition and the like through technical combination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of water pollution treatment, in particular to a device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater by using immobilized microorganisms. Background Technique

[0002] A large amount of acidic heavy metal wastewater will be generated during the production processes of various factories and specific mineral mining processes: The acidic heavy metal wastewater from steel mills has a low pH value and a high salinity, and the pollutants contained include heavy metals such as lead, zinc, chromium, and nickel, various salts, and other organic substances, and usually has strong corrosiveness. The water quality of the acidic heavy metal wastewater from chemical plants is complex, accompanied by a high content of organic pollutants, strong toxicity, and mostly biodegradable substances. The acidic heavy metal wastewater from electroplating plants may contain metal ions such as chromium, nickel, cadmium, copper, zinc, gold, and silver in addition to cyanide ions. If these acidic waters overflow to the surrounding areas, they will cause great pollution to the environment and endanger human health.

[0003] At present, the chemical neutralization method is commonly used in industry. The acid-base neutralization reaction is used to adjust the pH of the wastewater, and at the same time, heavy metal ions in the wastewater are removed. The chemical neutralization method has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, short treatment cycle, and quick effect, but it also has disadvantages such as high operating cost, serious scaling, large amount of precipitated sludge, and easy to cause secondary pollution. The biological treatment technology well makes up for the disadvantages of the chemical neutralization method. The biological treatment technology mainly removes metal ions in the water body and reduces the acidity of the water body through the interaction between biological organisms or their metabolites and metal ions, and has the advantages of low cost and environmental friendliness. However, the inherent fragility of microbial cells limits its use as a good adsorbent for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. In addition, factors such as easy loss of microorganisms, high concentration of heavy metals, and toxic effects caused by uneven growth cycles will affect its effect of removing heavy metals. At present, the microorganisms applied mainly remove heavy metal ions under neutral conditions or weakly acidic conditions, and the treatment effect is not ideal under extremely acidic conditions. Content of the Utility Model

[0004] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model provides a device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater by using immobilized microorganisms, which solves the problems that in the process of treating acidic heavy metal wastewater by microorganisms in the prior art, microorganisms are easy to lose, the heavy metal removal efficiency is reduced, and different depths of heavy metals cannot be treated specifically.

[0006] (2) Technical Solutions

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present utility model is realized through the following technical solutions: A device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater by immobilized microorganisms. It includes a floating bed, a reaction tank, a water storage bin, and a vane pump. The top of the floating bed is fixedly connected with a solar panel, and it internally contains a concentration tank, three groups of small water pump groups, a high-pressure gas chamber, a battery pack, a motor, and a control module. Inside the reaction tank, there are respectively a water distributor, a partition board, immobilized microorganism particles, a supporting partition board, a reduced-diameter pipe, and an electric valve from top to bottom. The electric valve is connected to the top of the vane pump.

[0008] Preferably, the top of the reaction tank is movably connected with a top cover. The top cover is hemispherical. The bottom of the top cover is fixedly connected with a water distributor. A fixing hole is opened at a position near the center of the top of the top cover. A water pipe is arranged inside the fixing hole at the top of the top cover. The water pipe inside the top cover is communicated with the water distributor. The water distributor is provided for uniform water distribution. A small water pump group is fixedly connected in the floating bed. The small water pump group includes a first water pump group, a second water pump group, and a third water pump group. The inlet pipe of the first water pump group is communicated with the concentration tank, and the outlet pipe of the first water pump group is communicated with the water distributor. The inlet pipe of the second water pump group is communicated with the water outlet hole at the bottom of the reduced-diameter pipe. The outlet pipe of the second water pump group extends to the outside of the floating bed and is used to evacuate the wastewater in the reaction tank after the electric valve is closed. The inlet pipe of the third water pump group is communicated with the water outlet hole at the bottom of the reduced-diameter pipe. The outlet pipe of the third water pump group is communicated with the concentration tank and is used to recover the clarified liquid after washing.

[0009] Preferably, the outer surface of the floating bed is circular. The floating bed is made of lightweight and high-buoyancy polystyrene foam material. The inner side of the floating bed is adapted to the outer surface of the reaction unit. The top of the floating bed is fixedly connected with a waterproof diversion plate. The water storage bin is circular. The outer diameter of the water storage bin is smaller than the outer diameter of the floating bed. The top of the water storage bin is fixedly connected with the bottom of the floating bed. The inner side of the water storage bin is adapted to the outer surface of the reaction tank. There is a baffle inside the water storage bin. A rubber ring is installed on the outside of the water storage bin. Through holes are opened on the outside of the water storage bin.

[0010] Preferably, the part of the reaction tank near the top is located at the top of the floating bed. Small holes with a pore diameter of 1-2 mm are opened on the outer surface of the reaction tank near the top of the floating bed.

[0011] Preferably, a gearbox is installed on the motor. The bottom of the gearbox on the motor is drivingly connected with a lifting screw rod. The lifting screw rod at the bottom of the motor is threadedly connected with the baffle inside the water storage bin and is used to control the floating and sinking of the device together with the high-pressure gas chamber.

[0012] Preferably, the control module inside the floating bed is electrically connected with the solar panel, the battery pack, the three groups of small water pump groups, the motor, and the electric valve.

[0013] Preferably, the partition plate and the supporting partition plate are both provided with holes having a pore diameter of 1-2 mm, and a filter mesh cover is fixedly connected to the bottom of the vane pump, and the filter mesh cover at the bottom of the vane pump has a pore diameter of 4-5 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the immobilized microbial particles are preferably Rhodotorula taiwanensis MF4.

[0015] (III) Beneficial effects

[0016] The present utility model provides a device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater by using immobilized microorganisms. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The equipment operation cost is low. On the one hand, compared with the neutralization method, no chemicals need to be added. On the other hand, the materials for the microbial immobilization particles are simple and easy to obtain, and can be recycled after washing and desorption treatment.

[0018] (2) The treatment process is relatively friendly to the environment. The device mainly uses the adsorption, transformation and other effects of microorganisms to remove heavy metals.

[0019] (3) It is applicable to extremely acidic wastewater. The microorganisms selected for the device have physiological characteristics of being resistant to low pH, high concentration heavy metals, and strong environmental adaptability, and can still maintain a good removal efficiency in an extremely acidic environment. At the same time, the whole device is made of acid-resistant materials to ensure that it can meet the use conditions in an acidic environment.

[0020] (4) It has strong resistance to poisons and impact. The protection of the device and the immobilization technology reduces the possibility of easy loss of eluted cells, improves the resistance of microorganisms to poisons and shock loads, and sedimentation performance, so that a relatively high microbial concentration can be maintained in the reactor.

[0021] (5) The operation is simple, and an internal control module is provided, which is conducive to realizing the automatic control of the device.

[0022] (6) The purification efficiency is high. The vane pump continuously transports new water sources to the reaction tank, which can fully mix the wastewater and the immobilized microbial particles, and increases the treatment range of the device.

[0023] (7) It has high safety and is durable. The immobilization technology, the device shell, and the filter screen all play a role in protecting microorganisms, so that the microorganisms have a long service life.

[0024] (8) It has strong applicability. The reactor load can be changed by adjusting the power of the vane pump and the frequency of washing and desorption, and different types of acidic heavy metal wastewater can be adapted by replacing the filter plate material or the immobilized bacteria in the reaction tank.

[0025] (9) Wide processing range. The depth of the device in water can be adjusted through a high-pressure air chamber, etc., so as to specifically remove heavy metal ions in wastewater at different depths.

[0026] (10) Strong cruising ability. The solar panel can supplement energy for the device when the climate conditions permit. When the device is submerged underwater and the power reaches the set value, it can automatically rise to the water surface for energy supplement with the assistance of the control program. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a main sectional schematic diagram of the structure of the present utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a side sectional schematic diagram of the structure of the present utility model;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a top view schematic diagram of the structure of the present utility model;

[0031] In the figure: 1. floating bed; 2. solar panel; 3. reaction unit; 31. top cover; 32. water distributor; 33. partition board; 34. reaction tank; 35. immobilized microbial particles; 36. supporting partition board;

[0032] 4. reduced-diameter pipe; 5. electric valve; 6. vane pump; 7. small water pump group; 71. first water pump group; 72. second water pump group; 73. third water pump group;

[0033] 8. concentration tank; 9. water storage bin; 10. high-pressure air chamber; 11. motor; 12. battery pack; 13. waterproof diversion plate. Detailed Embodiments

[0034] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0035] Please refer to Figures 1-4, the present utility model provides a technical solution: a device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater by using immobilized microorganisms. It includes a floating bed 1, a reaction tank 34, a water storage tank 9, and a vane pump 6. The top of the floating bed 1 is fixedly connected with a solar panel 2, and it internally contains a concentration tank 8, a small water pump group 7, a high-pressure gas chamber 10, a battery pack 12, a motor 11, and a control module. Inside the reaction tank 34, a water distributor 32, a partition plate 33, immobilized microorganism particles 35, a supporting partition plate 36, a reduced-diameter pipe 4, and an electric valve 5 are respectively arranged from top to bottom. The part of the reaction tank 34 near the top is located at the top of the floating bed 1. Small holes with a pore diameter of 1 - 2 mm are opened on the outer surface of the reaction tank 34 near the top of the floating bed 1. The electric valve 5 is communicated with the top of the vane pump 6. Both the partition plate 33 and the supporting partition plate 36 are provided with holes with a pore diameter of 1 - 2 mm to ensure that the immobilized microorganism particles 35 remain in the reaction tank 34 without loss. The bottom of the vane pump 6 is fixedly connected with a filter mesh cover, and the pore diameter of the filter mesh cover at the bottom of the vane pump 6 is 4 - 5 mm, which is used to filter out impurities, particulate matters, and suspended matters in the water, extend the service life of the equipment and improve the working efficiency, and at the same time provide a certain protection for the internal immobilized microorganism particles 35. The control module inside the floating bed 1 is electrically connected to the solar panel 2, the battery pack 12, the three small water pump groups 7, the motor 11, and the electric valve 5.

[0036] The principle of heavy metal removal by this device is as follows: The immobilized microorganism particles 35 used in the present utility model should be microorganisms with excellent removal rates for heavy metals under extremely acidic conditions. The red yeast R. taiwanensis MF4 is intended to be used in this device. It can oxidize Mn(II) to form manganese oxides deposited on the cell surface. These manganese oxides have a large specific surface area and can participate in the migration and transformation of many heavy metal pollutants through coprecipitation, adsorption, and redox processes. In addition, MF4 also has good removal effects on metal ions such as Zn(II) and Cu(II), which is of great significance for the repair and treatment of acidic water.

[0037] Refer to Figures 1-4, the top of the reaction tank 34 is movably connected with a top cover 31. The top cover 31 is hemispherical. A water distributor 32 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the top cover 31. A fixing hole is provided at a position near the center of the top of the top cover 31. A water pipe is provided inside the fixing hole at the top of the top cover 31. The water pipe inside the top cover 31 is communicated with the water distributor 32. A small water pump group 7 is fixedly connected in the floating bed 1. The small water pump group 7 includes a first water pump group 71, a second water pump group 72 and a third water pump group 73. The water inlet pipe of the first water pump group 71 is communicated with the concentration tank 8. The water outlet pipe of the first water pump group 71 is communicated with the water distributor 32, which is used to spray the clear liquid in the concentration tank 8 from the top of the reaction tank 34 to wash and analyze the immobilized microbial particles 35. The water inlet pipe of the second water pump group 72 is communicated with the water outlet hole at the bottom of the reduced-diameter pipe 4. The water outlet pipe of the second water pump group 72 extends to the outside of the floating bed 1. The water inlet pipe of the third water pump group 73 is communicated with the water outlet hole at the bottom of the reduced-diameter pipe 4. The water outlet pipe of the third water pump group 73 is communicated with the concentration tank 8. The first water pump group 71 and the third water pump group 73 are used together to realize the circulating washing of the immobilized microbial particles 35, so as to realize the recycling of the immobilized microbial particles 35. The outer surface of the floating bed 1 is circular. The floating bed 1 is made of polystyrene foam material to provide partial buoyancy for the device. The inner side of the floating bed 1 is adapted to the outer surface of the reaction unit 3. A waterproof diversion plate 13 is fixedly connected to the top of the floating bed 1. The water storage bin 9 is circular. The top of the water storage bin 9 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the floating bed 1. The inner side of the water storage bin 9 is adapted to the outer surface of the reaction tank 34. A baffle is provided inside the water storage bin 9. A gearbox is installed on the motor 11. The bottom of the gearbox on the motor 11 is drivingly connected with a lifting screw rod. The lifting screw rod at the bottom of the motor 11 is threadedly connected with the baffle inside the water storage bin 9. A rubber ring is installed on the outside of the water storage bin 9. Through holes are provided on the outside of the water storage bin 9.

[0038] The immobilization technology adopted by the present utility model can improve the heavy metal removal efficiency and the process safety of the reactor by reducing the possibility of easy loss of cell elution, improving the performance of microorganisms against poisons and shock loads, maintaining a relatively high concentration of microorganisms in the reactor, etc. In addition, the immobilization carrier itself also has a certain removal effect on heavy metal ions in wastewater, and the action mechanisms include: the adsorption effect of heavy metal ions on the surface of the carrier, the diffusion and mass transfer effect of heavy metal ions in wastewater into the carrier, etc.

[0039] Example 1: During operation, place the device into acidic heavy metal wastewater. First, open the top cover 31 and fill it with immobilized microbial particles 35. The filling quantity and height can be adjusted according to needs. After filling, cover the top cover 31. Place the device in the acidic heavy metal wastewater, set the operating parameters, and according to the program written in the control module, the motor 11 starts and transmits power to the telescopic screw through the gearbox. The telescopic screw lifts the baffle in the water storage tank 9, and the water storage tank 9 starts to intake water. The device will sink to the depth where the acidic heavy metal wastewater needs to be treated. Then, the device starts the vane pump 6, and the wastewater will enter the reaction tank 34 after passing through the filter mesh cover. In the reaction tank 34, it is fully mixed and treated with the immobilized microbial particles 35, and then flows out from the opening at the top of the reaction tank 34. When the device operates for a period of time, the motor 11 starts to lower the baffle in the water storage tank 9 to drain the water in the water storage tank 9, and the device rises to the water surface to start charging. The solar panel 2 above the floating bed 1 charges the battery pack 12. The immobilized microbial particles 35 wash and desorb heavy metals. First, close the electric valve 5, start the second water pump group 72 to drain the wastewater in the reaction tank 34. Then, start the first water pump group 71 to extract the liquid in the concentration tank 8 and spray it into the reaction tank 34 through the water distributor 32 to wash the immobilized microbial particles 35 and desorb the heavy metals on them. At the same time, start the third water pump group 73 to recycle the washed liquid into the concentration tank 8. After the washing is completed, the device sinks into the wastewater again. When the equipment operates for a certain period of time, it is necessary to extract the heavy metal concentrate in the concentration tank 8 and add fresh water again. When operating for a long time, it is necessary to add or replace the immobilized microbial particles 35 in the reaction tank 34.

[0040] In summary, the utility model can be customized for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater at different depths, and at the same time, it is applicable to the purification of heavy metal wastewater under extreme acidic conditions. Through technical combination, it effectively solves the pain points such as the easy loss of microorganisms in the free bioremediation technology and the influence of extreme acidic conditions on the efficiency of removing heavy metals.

[0041] The operation cost of the equipment is low. On the one hand, compared with the neutralization method, no chemicals need to be input. On the other hand, the materials of the microbial immobilized particles are simple and easy to obtain, and they can be recycled after washing and desorption treatment.

[0042] The treatment process is relatively friendly to the environment. The device mainly uses the adsorption, transformation and other effects of microorganisms to remove heavy metals.

[0043] It is applicable to extreme acidic wastewater. The microorganisms selected by the device have physiological characteristics of low pH tolerance, high concentration heavy metal tolerance and strong environmental adaptability, and can still maintain a good removal efficiency in an extreme acidic environment. At the same time, the whole device is made of acid-resistant materials to ensure that it can meet the use conditions in an acidic environment.

[0044] It has strong anti-poison and anti-shock capabilities. The protection of the device and immobilization technology reduces the possibility of easy loss of cell elution, improves the anti-poison and shock load resistance and sedimentation performance of microorganisms, and enables a relatively high concentration of microorganisms to be maintained in the reactor.

[0045] It is easy to operate and has a built-in control module, which is conducive to realizing the automatic control of the device. It has high purification efficiency. The vane pump continuously transports new water sources to the reaction tank, which can fully mix the wastewater and immobilized microbial particles, and increases the treatment range of the device.

[0046] It has high safety and is durable. The immobilization technology, the device shell, and the filter screen all play a role in protecting microorganisms, enabling the microorganisms to have a long service life.

[0047] It has strong applicability. The reactor load can be changed by adjusting the power of the vane pump and the frequency of washing and analysis. Different types of acidic heavy metal wastewater can be adapted by replacing the filter plate material or the immobilized strains in the reaction tank.

[0048] It has a wide treatment range. The depth of the device in water can be adjusted through a high-pressure air chamber, etc., so as to specifically remove heavy metal ions in wastewater at different depths.

[0049] It has strong cruising ability. The solar panel can supplement energy for the device when the climate conditions permit. When the device is submerged underwater and the power reaches the set value, it can automatically rise to the water surface for energy supplement with the assistance of the control program.

[0050] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0051] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater using immobilized microorganisms, comprising a floating bed (1), a reaction tank (34), a water storage tank (9) and a vane pump (6), characterized in that: The top of the floating bed (1) is fixedly connected to a solar panel (2), and the interior thereof contains a concentration tank (8), a small water pump group (7), a high-pressure gas chamber (10), a battery group (12), a motor (11) and a control module; the interior of the reaction tank (34) is respectively provided with a water distributor (32), a partition plate (33), immobilized microbial particles (35), a supporting baffle (36), a reducing pipe (4) and an electric valve (5) from top to bottom, and the electric valve (5) is connected to the top of the vane pump (6).

2. The device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater using immobilized microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the reaction tank (34) is movably connected to a top cover (31), the top cover (31) is hemispherical, the bottom of the top cover (31) is fixedly connected to a water distributor (32), a fixing hole is provided at a position close to the center of the top of the top cover (31), a water pipe is provided inside the fixing hole at the top of the top cover (31), and the water pipe inside the top cover (31) is connected to the water distributor (32); A small water pump group (7) is fixedly connected to the floating bed (1), and the small water pump group (7) comprises a first water pump group (71), a second water pump group (72) and a third water pump group (73); The water inlet pipe of the first water pump group (71) is connected to the concentration tank (8), and the water outlet pipe of the first water pump group (71) is connected to the water distributor (32); The water inlet pipe of the second water pump group (72) is connected to the water outlet hole at the bottom of the reducing pipe (4), and the water outlet pipe of the second water pump group (72) extends to the outside of the floating bed (1); The water inlet pipe of the third water pump group (73) is connected to the water outlet hole at the bottom of the reducing pipe (4), and the water outlet pipe of the third water pump group (73) is connected to the concentration tank (8).

3. The device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater using immobilized microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the floating bed (1) is in the shape of a ring, and a reaction unit (3) adapted thereto is arranged on the inner outer surface of the floating bed (1), and a waterproof guide plate (13) is fixedly connected to the top of the floating bed (1); the water storage bin (9) is in the shape of a ring, and the top of the water storage bin (9) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the floating bed (1), and the inner side of the water storage bin (9) is adapted to the outer surface of the reaction tank (34), a baffle is arranged inside the water storage bin (9), a rubber ring is installed on the outer side of the water storage bin (9), and a through hole is opened on the outer side of the water storage bin (9).

4. The device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater using immobilized microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The portion of the reaction tank (34) close to the top is located at the top of the floating bed (1), and a small hole with a diameter of 1-2 mm is opened on the outer surface of the reaction tank (34) close to the top of the floating bed (1).

5. The device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater using immobilized microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor (11) is equipped with a gearbox, the bottom of the gearbox on the motor (11) is transmission-connected with a lifting screw, and the lifting screw at the bottom of the motor (11) is threadedly connected to a baffle inside the water storage bin (9).

6. The device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater using immobilized microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module inside the floating bed (1) is electrically connected to the solar panel (2), the battery group (12), three groups of small water pump groups (7), the motor (11) and the electric valve (5).

7. The device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater using immobilized microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The partition plate (33) and the supporting partition plate (36) are both provided with holes with a hole diameter of 1-2 mm. The bottom of the vane pump (6) is fixedly connected with a filter screen cover, and the hole diameter of the filter screen cover at the bottom of the vane pump (6) is 4-5 mm.

8. The device for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater using immobilized microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The immobilized microbial particles (35) are red yeast R. taiwanensis MF4.

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