Combined incinerator for coal blocks
By designing a coal block combination incinerator, using a V-shaped fixed grate and a spiral feeder, combining secondary combustion and high temperature desulfurization and denitrification, the problems of insufficient combustion and high coal powder processing cost of traditional incinerators are solved, and efficient combustion and environmental protection performance are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421902307.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-07
AI Technical Summary
Traditional grate incinerators have problems of insufficient combustion, inefficiency and high-cost coal processing when burning coal blocks, resulting in energy waste and environmental pollution.
A coal block combination incinerator is designed, using a V-shaped fixed grate device and a spiral feeder, combining a secondary combustion chamber and a high-temperature desulfurization and denitrification device to achieve efficient combustion and waste gas treatment of coal blocks.
It improves the combustion efficiency of coal blocks, reduces energy waste and environmental pollution, reduces the cost of coal powder processing, and achieves energy conservation, emission reduction and green power generation.
Smart Images
Figure CN222963948U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to an incinerator, in particular to a combined coal block incinerator. Background Art
[0002] In current coal combustion technologies, although coal, as an important energy source, is widely used, there are a series of obvious problems in burning coal blocks with traditional grate incinerators. Specifically, due to design limitations, these incinerators often face challenges of incomplete combustion and low efficiency when burning coal blocks. The design of a single-layer grate causes uneven distribution of coal blocks during combustion, and some coal blocks cannot be fully burned due to insufficient heat, which not only results in energy waste but also increases the emission of unburned substances, causing serious environmental pollution.
[0003] Currently, fluidized bed incinerators are mainly used as the main incineration equipment in thermal power plants. In traditional fluidized bed incinerators, during the incineration process, coal blocks must be ground into powder and sprayed into the furnace for suspended incineration to produce steam for power generation. The main disadvantages of fluidized bed incineration power generation are that the processing of coal blocks into pulverized coal is costly. Coal blocks need to be dried, ground into powder, screened, and further processed, incurring labor, electricity, and equipment costs. The processing cost per ton of pulverized coal is approximately ≤ 400 yuan / ton, accounting for ≤ 50% of the average total cost of coal procurement. In recent years, due to relatively strict environmental protection requirements, most coal power companies have suffered serious losses. At the same time, the high-temperature flue gas generated contains a particularly high concentration of fly ash. When introducing it into a waste heat boiler to produce steam for power generation, the high-concentration fly ash easily blocks the heat exchange pipes in the waste heat furnace, seriously affecting the thermal efficiency. It is necessary to stop firing and production at least twice a year to clean the ash blockage, but this comes at a cost. Otherwise, the internal loss will be even greater. Therefore, when the coal procurement price often rises uncontrollably according to the international market demand and the operating cost of coal powder processing is high, in order to ensure national energy security, coal power enterprises have suffered serious losses.
[0004] Based on the above background, there is an urgent need for a new type of coal block incinerator that can completely solve the problems of directly incinerating coal blocks into the furnace with high combustion and burnout efficiency, completely eliminate the huge processing cost of pulverized coal, develop new coal energy utilization, protect the environment, reduce costs and increase efficiency, and ensure safer green coal power generation. Summary of the Utility Model
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a combined coal block incinerator.
[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions
[0007] A combined coal block incinerator includes a main furnace outer shell assembly. The inner cavity of the main furnace outer shell assembly includes a furnace chamber and a secondary combustion chamber located at the upper end of the furnace chamber. On both sides of the upper end of the furnace chamber, there is a 1-8 combined feeding device. Each 1-8 combined feeding device includes a discharge port communicating with the furnace chamber, and the discharge port is provided with 1 to 8 combined screw feeders. Above the 1 to 8 combined screw feeders, there are corresponding 1 to 8 combined feeding hoppers. In the middle of the furnace chamber, there is a 1-2 combined V-shaped fixed grate device connected in series. Below the bottom of the V-shaped fixed grate device, 1 to 2 groups of inclined burnout grate devices are additionally arranged. Below the burnout grate device, there is a 1-4 combined slag and ash discharge device connected. Above the slag and ash discharge device, a natural air inlet pipe device is connected to multiple external locations.
[0008] This combined coal block incinerator is a semi-buried and combined incinerator device built with a main furnace outer shell assembly mixed with red brick refractory bricks and refractory materials. The design and construction of the main furnace outer shell assembly both use reinforced concrete to construct the frame beams and columns.
[0009] The lower part of the secondary combustion chamber in this combined coal block incinerator is built in a basement located below the ground plane.
[0010] The layout of the feeding device is used for the supply of a huge output of coal to be burned 24 hours a day. A large loader is used to directly shovel coal blocks into the 1-8 combined feeding hoppers until the discharge port, and the 1-8 combined screw feeders set at the discharge port automatically screw-feed the coal into the furnace for combustion.
[0011] The secondary combustion chamber is connected to an external vertical waste heat boiler device through a high-temperature flue gas discharge port.
[0012] High-temperature desulfurization and denitrification devices are arranged on both sides of the secondary combustion chamber.
[0013] Above the secondary combustion chamber, a row of automatic secondary oxygen inlet devices is connected externally.
[0014] Two internal partition walls are arranged in the middle of the bottom of the main furnace outer shell.
[0015] The beneficial effects of the present utility model:
[0016] 1. In the furnace of the combined incinerator for coal blocks designed by the present utility model, a truss-type combined incinerator grate is provided, and a V-shaped fixed grate device is constructed by four truss-type combined incinerator grates, which are installed in a combined connection layout of 1 to 2. The V-shaped fixed grate device is filled with incineration materials to a depth of five meters. After ignition and commissioning, the materials in the furnace burn fully and smoothly from bottom to top. Due to the extremely strong fire-generating capacity of the V-shaped fixed bed, the new materials enter the furnace, and the water vapor is quickly discharged, and the ignition is fast. The five-meter-deep coal blocks ensure high-temperature and efficient combustion at 850 to 900 °C under automatic control. During the high-temperature combustion and incineration process, the V-shaped fixed grate device discharges dead ash in a timely manner, is easy to permeate oxygen and promote combustion. The combined grate has an extremely strong fire-generating capacity, making the V-shaped furnace a thousand-degree high-temperature fire reservoir. The incineration performance of the deep coal blocks is stable, and the raging fire burns fully and thoroughly. The combustion process of each coal block is relatively long, ensuring that the heat loss rate of the coal slag is ≤5%.
[0017] 2. Advantages of the semi-buried incinerator: By adopting the design of the combined V-shaped fixed grate device and combining the spiral feeding device and the direct feeding method of the forklift, the feeding operation cost is greatly reduced. The timed feeding of coal blocks can be realized, ensuring the stability and sufficiency of the combustion process. At the same time, a secondary combustion chamber is provided, which can perform secondary combustion on the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion, further improving the combustion efficiency and completely changing the emission of unburned substances. In addition, through high-temperature and high-efficiency desulfurization and denitrification, the fly ash content in the high-temperature flue gas of incinerated coal blocks is very low, effectively reducing the emission of harmful substances such as sulfides and nitrogen oxides generated during the combustion process, and achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.
[0018] 2. This combined incinerator is durable, easy to operate, and has a comprehensive automatic control. It realizes the whole process of automatic feeding, automatic combustion, and automatic slag discharge of coal blocks, reduces manual operation, reduces labor intensity, and crucially eliminates the huge processing cost of coal powder, truly ensuring energy conservation and consumption reduction.
[0019] 3. High energy utilization efficiency: A vertical waste heat boiler device is set up, which can make full use of the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion for waste heat recovery, and convert the heat energy into electric energy or heat energy for other equipment to use. The high-temperature flue gas generated by this incinerator contains very little fly ash. Introducing the waste heat boiler to produce steam has no blockage and protection problems, and improves the high-efficiency heat absorption and heat exchange of each pipeline.
[0020] 4. Strong environmental protection performance: The technical requirements of this technology state that for the semi-buried incinerator, the following components, including the waste heat furnace, desulfurization, denitrification and adsorption tower device, cyclone separator and bag dust removal equipment, all adopt a semi-buried installation method. The lower half of the complete set of system equipment is semi-buried in the basement. Since pollutants such as slag ash, waste water, and waste gas are generated at the bottom of these equipment, a semi-buried design is innovatively adopted. The waste gas, waste water, and dust generated in the basement are all sucked into the incinerator through the natural air inlet pipe of the main furnace body in the basement and burned at a thousand-degree high temperature to ensure that there is no dust and waste gas leakage. The generated waste water is recycled and purified for reuse without external discharge. Therefore, the environmental protection performance is strong, ensuring that there is no waste gas and waste liquid discharged from the basement.
[0021] In summary, the coal block combined incinerator provided by the present utility model has obvious advantages in terms of efficient combustion, energy conservation and emission reduction, simple operation, convenient maintenance, and energy utilization efficiency. It can ensure that the gases discharged from all greenhouses in a coal block combustion power plant in the green era are definitely better than the external air quality, and strive to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present utility model.
[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present utility model.
[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0025] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects of the present utility model easy to understand, the present utility model will be further described below with reference to specific drawings.
[0026] A coal block combined incinerator includes a main furnace outer shell assembly 1. The inner cavity of the main furnace outer shell assembly 1 includes a furnace chamber 3 and a secondary combustion chamber 2 located above the furnace chamber 3. On both sides of the upper end of the furnace chamber 3, there is a 1-8 combined feeding device. Each 1-8 combined feeding device includes a discharge port communicating with the furnace chamber, and a 1 to 8 combined spiral feeder 5 is arranged at the discharge port. Above the 1 to 8 combined spiral feeders 5, there are corresponding 1 to 8 combined feeding hoppers 4. In the middle of the furnace chamber 3, there is a 1 to 2 combined V-shaped fixed grate device 6; an inclined burnout grate device 8 is added below the bottom of the V-shaped fixed grate device 6; below the burnout grate device 8, there is a 1 to 4 combined slag ash discharge device 9 communicating; above the slag ash discharge device 9, there is a natural air inlet pipe device 7 communicating with multiple external locations.
[0027] The coal block combined incinerator is a semi-buried and combined incinerator device which is constructed of a main furnace outer shell assembly 1 mixed with red brick refractory brick refractory materials; the main furnace outer shell assembly 1 is designed and constructed using reinforced concrete as frame beams and columns.
[0028] The secondary combustion chamber 2 in the coal block combined incinerator is located at its lower part in a basement 13 built below the ground level 12 .
[0029] The feeding device is arranged to supply the huge output of coal that is burned 24 hours a day. A large-scale loader 14 is used to directly shovel coal blocks into the 1 to 8 combined feeding hopper 4 to the discharge port. The 1 to 8 combined spiral feeder 5 arranged at the discharge port automatically spirally feeds the coal into the furnace for combustion.
[0030] The secondary combustion chamber 2 is connected to an external vertical waste heat furnace device through a high-temperature fireworks exhaust port 16 .
[0031] High-temperature desulfurization and denitrification devices 15 are arranged on both sides of the secondary combustion chamber 2 .
[0032] A row of automatic secondary oxygen supply devices 11 are arranged on the upper side of the secondary combustion chamber 2 and in communication with the outside.
[0033] Two inner partition walls 10 are arranged in the middle of the bottom of the main furnace outer shell.
[0034] The implementation principle of the utility model:
[0035] 1-8 combination feeding devices are arranged on both sides of the upper end of the furnace. The number of 1 to 8 combination feeding devices is determined according to the daily combustion output. If the daily output of steam produced by burning coal is small, only 1 or 2 combination feeding devices need to be designed.
[0036] If the coal blocks are burned to generate electricity using thermal energy and the daily burning output is large, it is necessary to set up 4 to 8 combinations or more multi-combination feeding devices.
[0037] This coal block combined incinerator is a connected assembly incinerator. If the daily incineration output needs to be increased, 2 or more assembly incinerators can be installed in a row.
[0038] The coal block combined incinerator starts with the feeding and feeding stage. The coal blocks are directly fed into the feeding hopper device by a forklift, and then the screw feeder 5 automatically feeds the coal blocks into the V-shaped fixed grate device in the incineration furnace 3 according to the preset rate and quantity.
[0039] Under normal operation, this incineration system process:
[0040] After the coal pieces are put into the furnace, they first go through the preheating and drying stages. The moisture in the coal pieces is evaporated, and at the same time, the temperature gradually rises. Preheating and drying not only improve the combustion efficiency but also help reduce the pollutants generated during the combustion process.
[0041] As the temperature further increases, the coal pieces start to burn spontaneously or are ignited with the assistance of an external ignition source. In the incineration furnace 3, a 1 - 2 combination V - type fixed grate device 6 is installed, which has extremely strong fire - generating power. It works together with the bottom - layer burnout grate device 8. Combined with the induced draft fan set externally to create a negative pressure inside the furnace, the lower end of the V - type fixed grate device 6 is connected to the natural air supply device 7 on all four sides externally, ensuring that the coal pieces have sufficient oxygen for combustion in the furnace, ensuring that the combustion condition of the five - meter - deep coal pieces on the V - type fixed grate device 6 can be automatically controlled at a thousand - degree high temperature like a smooth - flowing fire reservoir, with low operating costs and high combustion quality, and the heat loss rate of the slag
[0042] The innovative setting of the 1 - 2 combination V - type fixed grate 6 is a roof - truss - type combination. During the combustion process, it ensures that the material is easy to permeate oxygen and not easy to coke. During the full - combustion process of the coal pieces, due to the deep - layer pressure and friction, the outer skin of the coal pieces oxidizes and peels off quickly, and the combustion is sufficient. The coal pieces are discharged from top to bottom, and the dead ash is removed in a timely manner. It is easy to permeate oxygen and promote combustion. It is specifically designed to burn coal pieces within the range of 3 to 10 centimeters, and the calorific value is controlled at a high temperature of 900 °C. In this deep - layer coal - piece incineration condition, it ensures stable incineration performance, helps improve the combustion efficiency, and reduces energy consumption.
[0043] Pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction: The high - temperature gas generated by combustion enters the secondary combustion chamber 2 to ensure a residence time of ≥ 850 °C for 2 seconds. A high - temperature desulfurization and denitrification device is installed in the secondary combustion chamber to achieve pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction. The flue gas is automatically oxygen - supplied and temperature - regulated through the secondary oxygen - inlet device 11 to ensure that the high - temperature gas reaches ≥ 650 °C and enters the vertical waste - heat boiler device through the high - temperature flue - gas discharge port 16 to recover the heat energy generated by combustion for power generation, heating, or other industrial uses.
[0044] The burned slag and ash are discharged through the slag - ash discharge device 9. The slag - ash discharge device 9 includes a slag - ash bin and a slag - ash conveying device connected to the bottom of the slag - ash bin to ensure the effective treatment of the slag and ash. In addition, the flue gas generated in the secondary combustion chamber 2 is treated by the desulfurization and denitrification device 15 before being discharged to further reduce the emission of harmful substances and meet the environmental protection requirements.
[0045] During the entire combustion process, the natural air - inlet device 7 provides the necessary air supply for the combined V - type fixed grate device 6 to ensure the smooth progress of the combustion process. At the same time, by controlling parameters such as the oxygen supply amount, temperature, and the rate of combustion material input and output, the effective control and regulation of combustion are achieved. This precise control enables the combined coal - piece incinerator to operate stably and reliably while being efficient and environmentally friendly.
[0046] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present utility model is not limited by the above embodiments, and what is described in the above embodiments and the specification is only to illustrate the principle of the present utility model. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model, the present utility model will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present utility model claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A coal block combined incinerator, characterized in that: It includes a main furnace outer shell assembly, the inner cavity of the main furnace outer shell assembly includes a furnace and a secondary combustion chamber located at the upper end of the furnace; 1-8 combined feeding devices are provided on both sides of the upper end of the furnace, and the 1-8 combined feeding devices all include discharge ports connected to the furnace, and 1 to 8 combined spiral feeders are arranged at the discharge ports; corresponding 1 to 8 combined feeding hoppers are arranged above the 1 to 8 combined spiral feeders; 1 to 2 combined connected V-shaped fixed grate devices are provided at the middle end of the furnace; 1 to 2 groups of inclined combustion grate devices are added below the bottom of the V-shaped fixed grate device; 1 to 4 combined slag ash discharge devices are connected below the combustion grate device; and natural air inlet pipe devices are arranged in multiple places outside the slag ash discharge device.
2. A coal block combined incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coal block combined incinerator is a semi-buried and combined incinerator device which is constructed of a main furnace outer shell assembly and mixed red brick refractory brick refractory materials.
3. The coal block combined incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main furnace outer shell assembly is designed and constructed using reinforced concrete as frame beams and columns.
4. The coal block combined incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the secondary combustion chamber in the coal block combined incinerator is located in a basement built below the ground level.
5. The coal block combined incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arrangement of the 1-8 combination feeding device is used to supply the huge output of coal that is burned 24 hours a day. A large-scale loader and cutter is used to directly shovel coal blocks into the 1 to 8 combination feeding hopper to the discharge port. The 1 to 8 combination spiral feeder arranged at the discharge port automatically spirally feeds the coal into the furnace for combustion.
6. The coal block combined incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: 1-8 combined feeding devices can be combined in 1-8 quantities according to actual needs.
7. The coal block combined incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary combustion chamber is connected to an external vertical waste heat furnace device through a high-temperature fireworks exhaust outlet.
8. The coal block combined incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: High-temperature desulfurization and denitrification devices are arranged on both sides of the secondary combustion chamber.
9. The coal block combined incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A row of automatic secondary oxygen supply devices is arranged on the upper side of the secondary combustion chamber.
10. The coal block combined incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two inner partition walls are arranged in the middle of the bottom of the main furnace outer shell.